Y. Takeuchi, K. Shimizu, K. Narita, E. Kamiya, T. Yaegashi, K. Amemiya, S. Aritome
{"title":"A self-aligned STI process integration for low cost and highly reliable 1 Gbit flash memories","authors":"Y. Takeuchi, K. Shimizu, K. Narita, E. Kamiya, T. Yaegashi, K. Amemiya, S. Aritome","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a self-aligned Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) process integration to realize a low cost and high reliability 1 Gbit NAND flash memory. Peripheral low voltage CMOS transistors, high voltage transistors and small 5F/sup 2/ memory cells can be fabricated at the same time by using the self-aligned STI process. The advantages are as follows. (1) The number of process steps is reduced to 60% in comparison with a conventional process. (2) a high reliability of the gate oxide is realized even for high voltage transistors because the gate electrode does not overlap the trench corner. (3) A tight distribution of the threshold voltages (2.0 V) in a 2 Mbit memory cell array is achieved due to a good uniformity of the channel width in the self-aligned STI cells. Therefore this process integration combines a low cost with a high reliability for a manufacturable 1 Gbit flash memory.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126914626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Inohara, H. Oyamatsu, Y. Unno, Y. Fukaura, S. Goto, Y. Egi, M. Kinugawa
{"title":"Highly scalable and fully logic compatible SRAM cell technology with metal damascene process and W local interconnect","authors":"M. Inohara, H. Oyamatsu, Y. Unno, Y. Fukaura, S. Goto, Y. Egi, M. Kinugawa","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689200","url":null,"abstract":"For future SRAM cells, scalability with operation voltage reduction as well as device dimensions is very desirable. Moreover, higher compatibility with advanced logic process will become important more and more due to requirements from high performance SRAM-embedded LSIs such as RISC chips or multimedia LSIs. However, although a lot of candidates for the future SRAM cell have been reported, there have been few paper discussing systematically what kind of cell technology can be the main stream for future SRAM cells. In this paper, a SRAM technology with high scalability and excellent logic process compatibility has been proposed as a result of systematic consideration. In this technology, 6Tr. cell with small parasitic resistance is chosen for high cell stability under low operation voltage. W local interconnect (LI) is also implemented to realize smaller cell size with reduced bit-line capacitance. Moreover, cell layout as well as fabrication process is designed to be preferable for metal damascene process. With using damascene technology, W-LI can be fabricated by simple contact W-plug process simultaneously. As a result, highly scalable 6Tr. cell, which can be fabricated by an advanced logic process without any photo mask or process step increase, has been obtained. In order to demonstrate this cell technology, a 0.25 /spl mu/m SRAM cell with the cell size of 3.9 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ was fabricated and evaluated. Moreover, the scalability of this cell technology down to 0.15 /spl mu/m generation was confirmed by simulation.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122632343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Su, R. Schulz, J. Adkisson, K. Beyer, G. Biery, William J. Cote, Emmanuel F. Crabbe, Daniel C. Edelstein, J. Ellis-Monaghan, E. Eld, D. Foster, R. Gehres, R. Goldblatt, N. Greco, C. Guenther, John E. Heidenreich, J. Herman, D. Kiesling, L. Lin, S.-H. Lo, J. McKenna, C. Megivern, H. Ng, J. Oberschmidt, A. Ray, Norman J. Rohrer, K. Tallman, T. Wagner, B. Davari
{"title":"A high-performance sub-0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with multiple thresholds and copper interconnects","authors":"L. Su, R. Schulz, J. Adkisson, K. Beyer, G. Biery, William J. Cote, Emmanuel F. Crabbe, Daniel C. Edelstein, J. Ellis-Monaghan, E. Eld, D. Foster, R. Gehres, R. Goldblatt, N. Greco, C. Guenther, John E. Heidenreich, J. Herman, D. Kiesling, L. Lin, S.-H. Lo, J. McKenna, C. Megivern, H. Ng, J. Oberschmidt, A. Ray, Norman J. Rohrer, K. Tallman, T. Wagner, B. Davari","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689182","url":null,"abstract":"A sub-0.25 /spl mu/m technology in manufacturing that is targeted for high-performance CMOS applications is discussed. Aggressive groundrule scaling including SRAM cell size down to 5.4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is combined with multiple threshold voltage devices and the first technology in the industry to offer copper interconnects. These features result in minimum unloaded inverter delay of 12.7 ps and enable microprocessor frequencies above 480 MHz.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114288990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ryu, Kee-Won Kwon, A. Loke, V.M. Dubin, R.A. Kavari, G. Ray, S. Wong
{"title":"Electromigration of submicron Damascene copper interconnects","authors":"C. Ryu, Kee-Won Kwon, A. Loke, V.M. Dubin, R.A. Kavari, G. Ray, S. Wong","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689238","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. This paper compares the microstructure and reliability of submicron Damascene CVD and electroplated Cu interconnects. For CVD Cu, the electromigration lifetime degrades in the deep submicron range due to fine grains constrained by the deposition process. However, electroplated Cu has relatively large grains in trenches, resulting in no degradation of reliability in the deep submicron range. The electromigration performance of electroplated Cu is superior to that of CVD Cu especially for deep submicron Damascene interconnects.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129749244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ueda, E. Tamaoka, K. Yamashita, N. Aoi, S. Mayumi
{"title":"A novel air gap integration scheme for multi-level interconnects using self-aligned via plugs","authors":"T. Ueda, E. Tamaoka, K. Yamashita, N. Aoi, S. Mayumi","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689193","url":null,"abstract":"A novel multi-level interconnect process, realizing air gap structures composed of not new low k materials but conventional SiO/sub 2/ films, has been developed in order to drastically decrease the capacitance between lines. The effective relative dielectric constant of 1.8 is obtained. This process can solve the significant issues associated with air gap structure, such as the via failures due to misalignment between the line and via levels.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128277270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kachi, K. Shoji, H. Yamashita, T. Kisu, K. Torii, T. Kumihashi, Y. Fujisaki, N. Yokoyama
{"title":"A scalable single-transistor/single-capacitor memory cell structure characterized by an angled-capacitor layout for megabit FeRAMs","authors":"T. Kachi, K. Shoji, H. Yamashita, T. Kisu, K. Torii, T. Kumihashi, Y. Fujisaki, N. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689227","url":null,"abstract":"A single-transistor/single-capacitor ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) cell having a cell size of 4.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ has been developed using 0.5-/spl mu/m technology. This cell features a stacked capacitor structure with a poly-Si plug and an angled-capacitor layout. This unique capacitor layout increases the alignment tolerance between the plate contact and the individual capacitor electrodes without increasing the cell area. O/sub 2/ annealing was applied after the plate-contact formation to restore the remanent polarization degradation. Favorable ferroelectric capacitor characteristics were observed when this cell was used in an experimental 4-Kbit memory-cell array.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130131765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sinitsky, S. Fung, S. Tang, P. Su, M. Chan, P. Ko, C. Hu
{"title":"A dynamic depletion SOI MOSFET model for SPICE","authors":"D. Sinitsky, S. Fung, S. Tang, P. Su, M. Chan, P. Ko, C. Hu","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689222","url":null,"abstract":"We show, using measurements, that a transition between partial and full depletion (PD and FD) modes of operation as terminal voltages vary with time (dynamic depletion) has a strong impact on thin film SOI MOSFET characteristics. A model incorporating this effect is presented. It includes floating body, backgate, and body contact nodes, as well as impact ionization, GIDL, diode leakage and parasitic bipolar currents. Self-heating is modeled by an auxiliary R/sub th/C/sub th/ circuit. The model uses a single smooth equation over all operating regimes for each current and charge and is fully scalable with T/sub si/, T/sub box/, T/sub ox/, W, and L.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131521439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ozaki, T. Azuma, M. Itoh, D. Kawamura, S. Tanaka, Y. Ishibashi, S. Shiratake, S. Kyoh, T. Kondoh, S. Inoue, K. Tsuchida, Y. Kohyama, Y. Onishi
{"title":"A 0.15 /spl mu/m KrF lithography for 1 Gb DRAM product using highly printable patterns and thin resist process","authors":"T. Ozaki, T. Azuma, M. Itoh, D. Kawamura, S. Tanaka, Y. Ishibashi, S. Shiratake, S. Kyoh, T. Kondoh, S. Inoue, K. Tsuchida, Y. Kohyama, Y. Onishi","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689209","url":null,"abstract":"In order to realize the 1 Gbit DRAM product, 0.15 /spl mu/m photolithography will be necessary. Recently, off-axis illuminations and phase shift masks have been studied for realizing 0.175-0.25 /spl mu/m lithography. Even if these technologies are used, 0.15 /spl mu/m lithography is difficult. Investigating various lithographic approaches by optical simulation including the effect of photoresist processing, we found that a thin resist (300 nm thick), highly printable memory cell patterns, and optical proximity correction are very useful for realizing the 0.15 /spl mu/m rule DRAMs with KrF laser stepper (NA=0.6).","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130736126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Tanabe, S. Kobayashi, T. Miwa, K. Amamuma, H. Mori, N. Inoue, T. Takeuchi, S. Saitoh, Y. Hayashi, J. Yamada, H. Koike, H. Hada, T. Hunio
{"title":"High tolerance operation of 1T/2C FeRAMs for the variation of cell capacitors characteristics","authors":"N. Tanabe, S. Kobayashi, T. Miwa, K. Amamuma, H. Mori, N. Inoue, T. Takeuchi, S. Saitoh, Y. Hayashi, J. Yamada, H. Koike, H. Hada, T. Hunio","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689226","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of an FeRAM test chip is demonstrated with an 8 kbit cell array, sense amplifiers and other peripheral circuits for confirming the high tolerance of the 1T/2C FeRAM. The test chip is successfully fabricated by using a double layer metal process. The voltage difference to be amplified in data read for the 1T/2C FeRAM is 86 mV, which is large enough to operate, and four times larger than that for conventional 1T/1C FeRAM, after the cell capacitors characteristics are degraded and varied.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133281956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Wada, Y. Oikawa, T. Katata, N. Nakamura, M. B. Anand
{"title":"Low resistance dual damascene process by new Al reflow using Nb liner","authors":"J. Wada, Y. Oikawa, T. Katata, N. Nakamura, M. B. Anand","doi":"10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSIT.1998.689194","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. This paper describes excellent Al filling characteristics and low resistance dual damascene interconnects obtained with a new Al reflow process using Nb liner. This novel process can fill vias of AR4 and can achieve 40-50% drop in resistance compared with current RIE-Al lines and reflow-Al lines with Ti liner. These properties are attributed to a slower reaction rate between Nb and Al. Excellent via electrical properties have been verified across 200 mm wafers using this process. This new process is a leading candidate for sub-0.25-0.15 um Al metallization.","PeriodicalId":402365,"journal":{"name":"1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Digest of Technical Papers (Cat. No.98CH36216)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116030626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}