The Royal Society of Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Uncovering the biosynthetic pathways of key flavor and color compounds in pomegranate using pathway-based metabolomics†","authors":"Jin-Pyo An, Dongjoo Kim, Xuebo Song, John M. Chater, Claire C. Heinitz and Yu Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00511F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00511F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pomegranate, a subtropical fruit renowned for its sensory appeal and nutritional benefits, has garnered global attention due to its distinctive flavor profile and putative health benefits. Enhancing fruit quality, particularly in terms of flavor, could significantly boost consumer preference and market demand. However, the development of flavor is a complex process that requires a deep understanding of the metabolic pathways that contribute to it. In this study, a comprehensive metabolomics approach employing gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques was used to identify flavor compounds and their precursors. To account for distinctive pomegranate compounds, anthocyanins and punicalagins were analyzed as well. Four key flavor-related pathways (shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, lipoxygenase pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism) were explored to identify the regulatory mechanisms behind flavor compound production. Notably, Wonderful, a dominant cultivar in California, up-regulated most pathways to produce flavor-related secondary metabolites from their precursors. These findings offer a valuable foundation for breeding efforts aimed at improving sensory traits in pomegranate, ultimately enhancing consumer satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 22831-22842"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00511f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense pulsed light annealing of CdS and Au-decorated CdS nanoparticles for high-performance, self-powered silicon-based heterojunction photodetectors","authors":"Hadeel F. Abbas, Raid A. Ismail, Walid K. Hamoudi and Mayyadah H. Mohsin","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04075B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04075B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The enhancement of visible light responsivity in nanostructured heterojunction silicon photodetectors has attracted significant research interest. In this work, intense pulsed light (IPL) annealing was employed to improve the performance of CdS/Si and Au-decorated CdS/Si photodetectors fabricated <em>via</em> laser ablation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms a substantial improvement in crystallinity of both CdS and Au-decorated CdS after IPL annealing. The particle size of the CdS increased from 78 to 100 nm and from 10 to 15 nm for Au-decorated CdS after annealing. The mobility of the CdS and Au-decorated CdS increases after annealing. The optical energy gap of CdS increases from 2.55 to 2.68 eV after annealing. Photoluminescence studies of CdS nanoparticles after annealing show the presence of an intense single peak at 450 nm. Structural and optical analyses reveal that IPL annealing reduced defects and enlarged the depletion layer width, giving a twofold responsivity increase from 0.19 to 0.36 A W<small>⁻¹</small> at 520 nm for CdS/Si and 0.23 to 0.42 A W<small>⁻¹</small> at 460 nm for Au-decorated CdS/Si. The obtained results indicated that IPL annealing was rapid and optimized heterojunction photodetectors. The energy band diagram of Au-decorated CdS/Si after annealing was constructed under illumination. The effect of aging time on the performance of the fabricated photodetectors was investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 22989-23002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04075b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vivo and in vitro investigations provide insights into maleidride biosynthesis in fungi†","authors":"Katherine Williams, Catherine E. Spencer, Kate M. J. de Mattos-Shipley, Anjali D. Shah, Trong-Tuan Dao, Jonathan A. Davies, David M. Heard, Zhongshu Song, Ashley J. Winter, Matthew P. Crump, Christine L. Willis and Andrew M. Bailey","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02147B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02147B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Maleidrides are a family of polyketide-derived natural products isolated from filamentous fungi, that can exhibit significant bioactivities. These compounds are classified according to the size of their central carbocyclic ring, to which one or more maleic anhydride moieties are attached. The studies described herein provide important insights into maleidride biosynthesis, in particular the pathways to the nonadrides scytalidin and castaneiolide, and the octadride zopfiellin. We propose a supportive role for isochorismatase-like enzymes, which are commonly encoded within maleidride biosynthetic gene clusters, in facilitating α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase-mediated catalysis. This is evidenced by gene deletions as well as enzyme assays, for two maleidride biosynthetic pathways: that of zopfiellin, from <em>Diffractella curvata</em>; and of scytalidin, from <em>Scytalidium album</em>. These experiments collectively underscore the significance of the isochorismatase-like enzymes in the catalytic process of α-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenases. Feeding studies with either scytalidin or an unsaturated analogue to <em>D. curvata</em> Δ<em>zopPKS</em> both gave the 5,6-diol, castaneiolide and the structure was confirmed by NMR and X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, a putative biosynthetic gene cluster for castaneiolide biosynthesis was identified from a <em>de novo</em> genome assembly of the native producer, <em>Macrophoma castaneicola</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 22799-22806"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02147b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reductive degradation of carbon tetrachloride using tree leaf polyphenol–iron complexes for groundwater remediation†","authors":"Roselle Colastre Lasagas, Chenju Liang, Xuyen Thi Hong Luong and Florencio Ballesteros","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01391G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01391G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plant polyphenols, natural antioxidants, form complexes with iron minerals that enhance contaminant degradation <em>via</em> reductive processes. This study investigated the degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) using polyphenol–iron complexes synthesized from tree leaf extracts. Polyphenols were extracted from waste tree leaves, including <em>Ficus microcarpa</em>, <em>Terminalia neotaliala</em>, <em>Haematoxylon campechianum</em>, <em>Ficus septica</em>, <em>Mangifera indica</em>, and <em>Ficus religiosa</em>, with gallic acid identified as the predominant constituent. Among them, <em>Terminalia neotaliala</em> exhibited superior antioxidant capacity, reducing power, metal-chelating ability, and total phenolic content, making it the optimal choice for CT degradation experiments. Using the Taguchi method, optimal conditions for CT degradation were determined as pH 10, a leaf extract dose of 10 g L<small>⁻¹</small>, and an Fe<small>²⁺</small> concentration of 15 mM, with pH as the most influential factor. Under these conditions, CT degradation reached 99% in aqueous solution and 89% in field groundwater within 24 h. Detected intermediates included trichloromethane, dichloromethane, and chloromethane, with chloride ions as the final mineralization product. This study underscores the potential of tree leaf polyphenols, in combination with Fe<small>²⁺</small>, as a sustainable approach for groundwater remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 22915-22929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01391g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic fibrous nanostructures via the droplet-assisted growth and shaping (DAGS) mechanism","authors":"Rabab Azizi and Stefan Seeger","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01919B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01919B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Droplet-Assisted Growth and Shaping mechanism (DAGS) represents a bottom-up approach for the fabrication of versatile one-dimensional polymeric (1D) nanomaterials and involves the polymerisation of a highly reactive monomer with water nanodroplets formed on a substrate surface. The unidimensional growth of the resulting polymer is sustained with its water insolubility. To date, all 1D polymeric nanostructures grown <em>via</em> the DAGS mechanism were either based on silicone, alumina, or germanium oxide but not on a carbonic backbone. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that the DAGS mechanism can also be used for the growth of organic 1D polymeric nanostructures using ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate (ECA) as a monomer. The polymerisation is carried out in <em>n</em>-hexane/toluene mixtures with different water contents (WCs). The obtained poly(ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate) (PECA) fibrous nanostructures (PECA-FNS), which were coated on glass, manifested as nanofibers and nanoribbons with an aspect ratio ranging from 4.9 to 18.3. Attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy revealed the presence of the carbonyl bond on the coated glass substrates, confirming the presence of the PECA-FNS. The topography and the root mean square roughness (Sq) of the PECA-FNS were examined <em>via</em> atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both static contact angle measurements and UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed that the PECA-FNS coatings displayed a high transparency and moderate hydrophobicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 23045-23053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01919b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper(ii) chelates of a coumarin-based acyl hydrazone ligand: structural characterization and computational evaluations for prospective applications in antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer therapies†","authors":"Manar. S. Mahfouz, Amira A. M. Ali, Magdy Shebl, Omima M. I. Adly and R. Fouad","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03317A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03317A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study represents the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of four novel copper(<small>II</small>) chelates (<strong>CuR</strong>, <strong>CuRCT</strong>, <strong>CuH</strong>, and <strong>CuHCT</strong>) derived from a newly developed coumarin-based acyl hydrazone ligand (<strong>HCBH</strong>). The chelates were prepared using multidisciplinary synthetic routes, including reflux and hydrothermal methods with or without surfactant assistance, resulting in distinct mono- and binuclear structures with nanoscale morphologies. Structural analyses confirmed that all copper complexes possess tetrahedral geometries, with ligand coordination modes varying between tridentate and tetradentate depending on the synthetic method. TEM imaging revealed unique morphologies for each chelate, and the successful dispersion of the bioactive <strong>CuH</strong> chelate into silica yielded a porous nanostructured drug delivery system. Biological evaluations revealed promising antimicrobial activity, particularly for <strong>CuHCT</strong> against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, and for <strong>CuRCT</strong> against <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>C. albicans</em>. Antioxidant assays showed that <strong>CuRCT</strong> and <strong>CuHCT</strong> exhibited superior activity compared to other complexes and standard ascorbic acid. <strong>CuH</strong> demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, comparable to cisplatin, while maintaining moderate toxicity toward normal Vero cells (CC<small>₅₀</small> = 43.34 ± 1.98 μg ml<small>⁻¹</small>). Although the antiviral activity of <strong>CuH</strong> against HAV was weak, <em>in vitro</em> release studies of <strong>CuH</strong>–silica composites confirmed controlled release behavior, supporting its potential as a nanodrug delivery system. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular docking analyses corroborated the biological findings, with favorable interactions observed between the compounds and CDK2 kinase. Collectively, these results highlight <strong>CuH</strong> as a highly promising candidate for further preclinical evaluation, especially in cancer therapy, with silica-based dispersion enhancing its potential as a nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 22972-22988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03317a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mn and Cu complexes of a novel malic acid–cysteine ligand with remarkable ROS scavenging activity†","authors":"Saeedeh Khadivi-Derakhshan, Mahtab Pirouzmand, Jafar Soleymani and Mehdi D. Esrafili","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02118A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02118A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The scientific community is very interested in investigating antioxidant activity using various assays to treat oxidative stress and reduce the harmful effects of free radicals. Cysteine, a sulfur-containing compound can treat oxidative stress. The primary objective of this study was to create a novel ligand through the combination of <small>L</small>-cysteine with malic acid and its metal complexes with copper and manganese. The following discussion focuses on how the complexes mimic natural antioxidant enzymes and explains how they could be used to remove reactive oxygen species. Various methods were used to verify the synthesis, including FT-IR, UV-vis, TGA, CHNS, EDX, SEM, mass, and fluorescence. These techniques indicated structural changes upon complexation and integration with β-CD. Spectrophotometric tests were used to evaluate the compounds' peroxidase-, catalase-, and superoxide dismutase-like activities under different conditions. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using HFF-2 cells and the MTT test. The amounts of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur were 39.48, 4.7, 6.58, and 15.23, and the ligand formula is C<small>₇</small>H<small>₁₁</small>NSO<small>₆</small>. Changes in infrared spectral signals upon metal interaction, particularly in the carboxylate region, indicate significant metal–ligand bonding. The results showed that the β-CD-modified complexes, especially Cu-complex/β-CD and Mn-complex/β-CD, had better antioxidant activity (91% and 78%, respectively). They were better at scavenging O<small>₂</small>˙<small>⁻</small> radicals and breaking down H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> into safe byproducts. Additionally, Mn-complex/β-CD was less cytotoxic. In conclusion, the produced complexes are promising antioxidants and potential treatments for diseases linked to oxidative stress, especially the β-CD derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 27","pages":" 22006-22017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02118a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer efficacy of bis-heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes with difluoro-substituted phenylpyridine ligands†","authors":"Suvasmita Behera, Kahnu Charan Pradhan, Sahadev Barik, Moloy Sarkar, Jagadish Kumar, Jagneshwar Dandapat, Jyotsnarani Pradhan and Satyanarayan Pal","doi":"10.1039/D5RA03076E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA03076E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A series of iridium(<small>III</small>) complexes (<strong>Ir1–Ir3</strong>) with the formula [Ir(F<small>₂</small>ppy)<small>₂</small>(L)] (F<small>₂</small>ppy = 2-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)pyridine, L = pyridine-2-aldoxime, 2-pyridylamidoxime and di-2-pyridylketoxime) were synthesized through the reaction of [(F<small>₂</small>ppy)<small>₂</small>Ir(μ-Cl)<small>₂</small>Ir(F<small>₂</small>ppy)<small>₂</small>] (SM1) and the respective ancillary ligands (L). All the complexes were characterised by FT-IR, <small>¹</small>H &amp; <small>¹⁹</small>F-NMR analysis, electronic absorption–emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric studies. Molecular structures of complexes <strong>Ir1</strong> and <strong>Ir3</strong> were determined by interpreting single crystal X-ray data. All the complexes were found to be luminescent with low quantum yields. Anticancer studies on cancer cell lines MDAMB, HT-29 and LN-229 revealed their effectiveness as antiproliferative agents. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated using the MTT assay and complex <strong>Ir2</strong> showed activity similar to that of cisplatin towards the three cancer cells. The elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the iridium complex-treated cancer cells further supported the antiproliferation efficacy of <strong>Ir1–Ir3</strong>. Further, the effectiveness of <strong>Ir1–Ir3</strong> on cancer cells was established through a cell migration study and apoptotic induction assay on LN-229 and a colony formation assay on HT-29 cancer cells. Immunocytochemistry analysis of LN-229 cancer cells revealed apoptosis through the p53-dependent pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 22875-22888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra03076e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective synthesis of benzodiazepine sulfonamide-based MGAT2 inhibitors and evaluation of their antitumor activity†","authors":"Yuying Zhang, Yalei Li, Xiaoyue Liu, Yi Wang, Huachuan Zheng and Dejun Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01108F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01108F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study synthesized benzodiazepine sulfonamide-based MGAT2 inhibitors to combat cancer recurrence and resistance. Despite modest effects, compounds <strong>13</strong> and <strong>16</strong> showed enhanced antitumor activity. The six-step synthesis method using amino acids is industrially viable, offering a basis for future drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 23003-23006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01108f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144550820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the influence of different factors on the direct treatment of high turbidity water by microfiltration processes","authors":"Xiaosan Song, Ping Li, Qingchao Shen, Wenxuan Wei and Hairong Yan","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01817J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01817J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Currently, traditional high turbidity water treatment technologies (coagulation–sedimentation–filtration) face issues such as non-compliant effluent quality, sediment compaction, and poor sludge discharge. Meanwhile, membrane filtration technology suffers from severe membrane fouling in high turbidity water treatment. Therefore, the development of green and low-carbon high turbidity water treatment technologies is urgently needed. This study employs microfiltration to directly filter high turbidity water, investigating turbidity, filtration methods, and transmembrane pressure difference to elucidate the mechanisms of mitigating membrane fouling in high turbidity water treatment. The results indicate that both excessively high and low influent turbidity are detrimental to high turbidity water treatment. Low turbidity fails to effectively protect the membrane, exacerbating membrane fouling, while high turbidity leads to excessive cake layer thickness, reducing membrane flux. Therefore, the optimal treatment turbidity must be determined based on the specifications of the experimental setup. In this study, the optimal treatment turbidity is 900 NTU. Under constant pressure conditions, cross-flow filtration effectively controls the thickness of the filter cake layer, mitigates membrane fouling, and maintains a high membrane flux. When the influent turbidity is 900 NTU, the membrane flux recovery rate and filtration flux are 80.14% and 0.9077 m h<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, with irreversible membrane fouling being only 0.97 × 10<small>¹⁰</small> m<small>⁻¹</small>. At a constant influent turbidity, higher transmembrane pressure difference increases the filtration flux but exacerbates membrane fouling. When the pressure increases from 6.67 kPa to 33.33 kPa, irreversible membrane fouling increases by 27.97%, while the filtration flux increases by 116.91%. At a pressure of 13.33 kPa, although the filtration flux is 56.83% of that at 33.33 kPa, the irreversible membrane fouling is only 62.25%. Therefore, this study identifies 13.33 kPa as the optimal transmembrane pressure difference. The Hermia model revealed that transmembrane pressure difference was the primary factor aggravating membrane fouling. Finally, through dosing FeCl<small>₃</small> as a coagulant for cake layer regulation, the cake layer structure formed at 15 mg per L dosage showed optimal pollutant interception and removal efficiency: humic acid (HA) removal efficiency reached 75.86% in actual water sources with 79.06% flux recovery rate; simulated feed water achieved 77.44% HA removal with 84.31% flux recovery rate. This study aims to provide reference for microfiltration processes in direct treatment of high-turbidity water.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 28","pages":" 22699-22715"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01817j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}