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Thermo-responsive methylcellulose/hyaluronic acid–mesalamine hydrogel in targeted drug delivery for ulcerative colitis 热反应性甲基纤维素/透明质酸-美沙拉胺水凝胶用于溃疡性结肠炎的靶向给药
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA00216H
Sheng-Nan Kuo, Pei-Xhan Wu, Shu-Ling Huang, Yu-Ci Hsu and Jen-Huang Huang
{"title":"Thermo-responsive methylcellulose/hyaluronic acid–mesalamine hydrogel in targeted drug delivery for ulcerative colitis","authors":"Sheng-Nan Kuo, Pei-Xhan Wu, Shu-Ling Huang, Yu-Ci Hsu and Jen-Huang Huang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00216H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00216H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC), including mesalamine (Me) enemas, face limitations such as poor colonic retention, systemic side effects, and suboptimal patient compliance. To address these challenges, this study developed a thermo-responsive hydrogel combining hyaluronic acid–mesalamine (HA–Me) conjugates with methylcellulose (MC), providing a targeted and sustained drug delivery platform for UC treatment. HA–Me conjugates were synthesized <em>via</em> a nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction, with FT-IR and <small><sup>1</sup></small>H-NMR confirming successful conjugation and a grafting ratio of 12.45%. Rheological analysis revealed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 36.7–37.7 °C, ensuring gelation at body temperature when the MC concentration was 5–7 wt%. The optimized hydrogel exhibits intestinal retention properties, thereby improving drug bioavailability. The results confirmed that this hydrogel not only improved drug release time but also provided a protective barrier for inflamed wounds, facilitating wound healing, reducing the risk of reinfection, and improving medical compliance. Its mucoadhesive properties further supported effective drug delivery and localized therapeutic effects. This study highlights the potential of the MC/HA–Me hydrogel as a platform for overcoming the limitations of conventional UC treatments, offering opportunities for tailored therapeutic applications and future clinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14126-14135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00216h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phytochemical-assisted synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial activity† 植物化学辅助合成,优化,并表征纳米银抗菌活性†
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D4RA08900F
Cynthia A. Gwada, Prince S. Ndivhuwo, Kabo Matshetshe, Emily Aradi, Phumlane Mdluli, Nosipho Moloto, Francis Otieno and Mildred Airo
{"title":"Phytochemical-assisted synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial activity†","authors":"Cynthia A. Gwada, Prince S. Ndivhuwo, Kabo Matshetshe, Emily Aradi, Phumlane Mdluli, Nosipho Moloto, Francis Otieno and Mildred Airo","doi":"10.1039/D4RA08900F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA08900F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria poses a major global health threat, compounded by the limited development of new antibiotics. To address this challenge, alternative strategies, including nanoparticle-based therapies, are being explored. This study investigates the antimicrobial properties of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from leaf extracts of <em>Ocimum gratissimum</em> (OG), <em>Apium graveolens</em> (AG), and <em>Aloe arborescens</em> (AA). These plant extracts act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents during the synthesis process. By controlling the reaction parameters, the synthesized AgNPs displayed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at 434, 427, and 435 nm for OG, AG, and AA, respectively, indicating successful nanoparticle formation. The particles were predominantly spherical, with average sizes of 28.5 ± 6.3 nm (AgNPs-OG), 15.07 ± 3.8 nm (AgNPs-AA), and 20.2 ± 2.5 nm (AgNPs-AG), although some particles exhibited triangular and cylindrical shapes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of crystalline, face-centered cubic (FCC) metallic silver, while Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) identified functional groups such as alcohols, amines, amides, carboxyl, and esters capping the surface of AgNPs. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) further confirmed the purity of the AgNPs. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was tested against Gram-negative <em>E. coli</em> and Gram-positive <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria. Notably, AgNPs demonstrated high antimicrobial efficacy, particularly with smaller-sized, spherical particles showing superior performance. The minimum inhibitory concentration was as low as 1.016 μg mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, highlighting the strong antimicrobial potential of AgNPs, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration was recorded for <em>E. coli</em>, indicating greater susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to AgNPs and a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect. A comparison analysis showed that the antimicrobial effectiveness of the aqueous extract was significantly enhanced when AgNPs were incorporated, whereas higher antimicrobial performance was observed for green-synthesized AgNPs compared with wet chemically synthesized AgNPs reported in the literature. This is attributed to enhanced biocompatibility and a synergistic effect between the nanoparticles and plant-derived bioactive compounds. The mechanism of action of AgNPs involves silver ion (Ag<small><sup>+</sup></small>) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation <em>via</em> surface oxidation and photoactivation. These findings underscore the potential of green-synthesized AgNPs as an alternative strategy in mitigating AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14170-14181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d4ra08900f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of sulfonated polystyrene resin-supported tungsten oxide for Pb2+ ion sequestration† 磺化聚苯乙烯树脂负载氧化钨螯合Pb2+离子的研制
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA01017A
Kashmala Khaliq, Mohsin Ali Raza Anjum, Shabnam Shahida, Ramzan Akhtar, Adil Khan, Munib Ahmad Shafiq, Iqra Rafiq, Muhammad Rehan, Rashid Nazir Qureshi, Sajid Iqbal, Jong-Il Yun and Muhammad Saifullah
{"title":"Development of sulfonated polystyrene resin-supported tungsten oxide for Pb2+ ion sequestration†","authors":"Kashmala Khaliq, Mohsin Ali Raza Anjum, Shabnam Shahida, Ramzan Akhtar, Adil Khan, Munib Ahmad Shafiq, Iqra Rafiq, Muhammad Rehan, Rashid Nazir Qureshi, Sajid Iqbal, Jong-Il Yun and Muhammad Saifullah","doi":"10.1039/D5RA01017A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01017A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A sulfonated polystyrene resin-supported tungsten oxide (SO<small><sub>3</sub></small>-PSWO) was synthesized and evaluated for its efficiency in removing lead (Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small>) from aqueous solutions. Morphology, phase purity, structural properties, thermal stability, and elemental composition of SO<small><sub>3</sub></small>-PSWO, are evaluated using SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and CHNS analyzers. The ICP-OES technique was utilized for quantitative measurements of the Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small> ions. The influence of key parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, metal ion concentration, temperature, and interference of competing ions on Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small> removal is systematically investigated. Under optimum conditions (pH 3.5–5.5), SO<small><sub>3</sub></small>-PSWO achieved a maximum Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small> removal efficiency of 99.7% within one hour and demonstrated an exceptional adsorption capacity of 386 mg g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, as described by the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis revealed a pseudo-second-order mechanism, highlighting chemisorption as the predominant process. Thermodynamic studies indicated an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption behavior. With its easy synthesis, cost-effectiveness, rapid kinetics, high adsorption capacity, and superior efficiency, SO<small><sub>3</sub></small>-PSWO emerges as a promising material for the remediation of Pb<small><sup>2+</sup></small> contamination in water treatment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14158-14169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra01017a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Antibiofilm activity of Parkia javanica against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a study with fruit extract 更正:土芹对铜绿假单胞菌的抗菌活性:用果实提取物进行的研究
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA90048D
Antu Das, Manash C. Das, Padmani Sandhu, Niranjan Das, Prosun Tribedi, Utpal C. De, Yusuf Akhter and Surajit Bhattacharjee
{"title":"Correction: Antibiofilm activity of Parkia javanica against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a study with fruit extract","authors":"Antu Das, Manash C. Das, Padmani Sandhu, Niranjan Das, Prosun Tribedi, Utpal C. De, Yusuf Akhter and Surajit Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1039/D5RA90048D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA90048D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Antibiofilm activity of <em>Parkia javanica</em> against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>: a study with fruit extract’ by Antu Das <em>et al.</em>, <em>RSC Adv.</em>, 2017, <strong>7</strong>, 5497–5513, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA24603F.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14194-14194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra90048d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the charge of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-based ligands on the anticancer activity of organopalladium complexes† 1,3,5-三氮杂-7-磷酸金刚烷基配体电荷对有机钯配合物抗癌活性的影响
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA02119G
Tommaso Lorenzon, Maria Vescovo, Michele Maiullari, Giovanni Tonon, Nuno Reis Conceição, Sónia A. C. Carabineiro, Abdallah G. Mahmoud, Martin C. Dietl, Nicola Demitri, Laura Orian, Pablo A. Nogara, Isabella Caligiuri, Flavio Rizzolio, A. Stephen K. Hashmi, Fabiano Visentin and Thomas Scattolin
{"title":"Influence of the charge of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane-based ligands on the anticancer activity of organopalladium complexes†","authors":"Tommaso Lorenzon, Maria Vescovo, Michele Maiullari, Giovanni Tonon, Nuno Reis Conceição, Sónia A. C. Carabineiro, Abdallah G. Mahmoud, Martin C. Dietl, Nicola Demitri, Laura Orian, Pablo A. Nogara, Isabella Caligiuri, Flavio Rizzolio, A. Stephen K. Hashmi, Fabiano Visentin and Thomas Scattolin","doi":"10.1039/D5RA02119G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA02119G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel organopalladium complexes featuring 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA)-based ligands, including several cationic derivatives prepared as hexafluorophosphate salts to prevent halide exchange reactions. The complexes incorporate diverse organopalladium fragments—Pd(<small>II</small>)-vinyl, Pd(<small>II</small>)-butadienyl, Pd(<small>II</small>)-allyl, Pd(<small>II</small>)-imidoyl, Pd(<small>II</small>)-aryl, and Pd(0)-alkene—many of which have recently shown promising antitumor activity. Most reactions proceeded rapidly at room temperature under aerobic conditions using non-anhydrous solvents. Biological evaluation against ovarian cancer (A2780), cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer (A2780<em>cis</em>), triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), glioblastoma (U87), and non-cancerous fibroblasts (MRC-5) revealed the remarkable cytotoxicity of the complexes, particularly those with Pd(<small>II</small>)-butadienyl, Pd(<small>II</small>)-aryl, and Pd(0)-alkene fragments. These compounds demonstrated activity comparable to or exceeding cisplatin, with some showing up to two orders of magnitude greater efficacy. Importantly, the complexes were highly selective for cancer cells, exhibiting minimal toxicity toward MRC-5 fibroblasts, unlike cisplatin. Complex <strong>14b</strong>, that contains a Pd(0)-alkene fragment and two MePTA<small><sup>+</sup></small> ligands, was the only one that exhibited excellent cytotoxicity across all cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma. These findings underscore the potential of PTA-based organopalladium complexes as selective anticancer agents, warranting further <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies, as well as mechanistic investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14058-14071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra02119g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Half metal-to-metal transition and superior transport response with a very high Curie-temperature in CoFeRuSn: strain regulations 修正:CoFeRuSn应变规则中具有很高居里温度的半金属到金属转变和优越的输运响应
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA90047F
Farwa Rani, Bassem F. Felemban, Hafiz Tauqeer Ali and S. Nazir
{"title":"Correction: Half metal-to-metal transition and superior transport response with a very high Curie-temperature in CoFeRuSn: strain regulations","authors":"Farwa Rani, Bassem F. Felemban, Hafiz Tauqeer Ali and S. Nazir","doi":"10.1039/D5RA90047F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA90047F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Half metal-to-metal transition and superior transport response with a very high Curie-temperature in CoFeRuSn: strain regulations’ by Farwa Rani <em>et al.</em>, <em>RSC Adv.</em>, 2025, <strong>15</strong>, 11511–11522, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA01305D.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14182-14182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra90047f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of conductive nerve conduits for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects 传导神经导管抗炎和抗氧化作用的研究
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA00997A
Runtian Xu, Hanping He, Huan Deng, Yuehan Dong, Xiangjie Wu, Zinuo Xia, Yang Zhou, Lin Yang, Zhijun Huang, Wenjin Xu, Peihu Xu and Haixing Xu
{"title":"Study of conductive nerve conduits for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects","authors":"Runtian Xu, Hanping He, Huan Deng, Yuehan Dong, Xiangjie Wu, Zinuo Xia, Yang Zhou, Lin Yang, Zhijun Huang, Wenjin Xu, Peihu Xu and Haixing Xu","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00997A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00997A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Replacing autologous nerve grafts with nerve conduits is the prevailing direction for the treatment of peripheral nerves, though the repair of hollow nerve conduits remains unsatisfactory. In this study, cysteinylated zein (<small>L</small>-Zein) was prepared through a disulfide exchange reaction between the disulfide bonds of cysteine (Cys) and those of zein (Zein). Subsequently, electrospinning was utilized to fabricate hollow nerve conduits loaded with berberine (BBR) by means of hydrogen bonding and physical encapsulation. Hydrogels were prepared by ionic cross-linking of Zein with pectin (Pec), and were subsequently loaded with melatonin (MT) and graphene oxide (GO) through physical adsorption and encapsulation. A hydrogel was then injected into a hollow catheter to form a hydrogel composite nerve conduit (<small>L</small>-ZBZPGM). The hydrogels exhibited a continuous porous network structure with pore size distribution between 100 and 200 μm. Most of the hydrogels exhibited porosity exceeding 70% and the compressive modulus was 0.42 ± 0.025 MPa. A hydrogel exhibited a residual mass ratio of 35.15% ± 1.87% at the end of the 30 d degradation period, achieved peak release on day 18 with a release rate of 83.31% ± 3.64%, and had an electrical conductivity of 1.23 ± 0.482 × 10<small><sup>−3</sup></small> S cm<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, meeting the requirements for nerve repair. The lack of cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of <small>L</small>-ZBZPGM were demonstrated using RSC96 cells and Raw264.7 cells. Additionally, through electrical stimulation experiments, it was proven that the addition of GO can promote the proliferation of nerve cells. The biological materials used in this study are of simple composition, and their degradation products may have a minimal impact on the microenvironment. The findings suggested that <small>L</small>-ZBZPGM was more conductive to peripheral nerve regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14136-14151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00997a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Critical review on the stability and thermal conductivity of water-based hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer applications 用于传热应用的水基混合纳米流体的稳定性和导热性综述
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA00844A
Mageswari Manimaran, Mohd Nurazzi Norizan, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim, Mohd Ridhwan Adam, Norli Abdullah and Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
{"title":"Critical review on the stability and thermal conductivity of water-based hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer applications","authors":"Mageswari Manimaran, Mohd Nurazzi Norizan, Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim, Mohd Ridhwan Adam, Norli Abdullah and Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00844A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00844A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Thermal conductivity is undoubtedly the most significant physicochemical property for evaluating the thermal efficiency of nanofluids. In addition to thermal conductivity, stability is another crucial factor that must be assessed, as maintaining long-term stability in closed-circuit and continuous-cycle applications remains a major challenge. Notably, stability is closely linked to thermal conductivity in nanofluid applications. Recent studies on nanofluids have explored the incorporation of multiple types of nanoparticles known as hybrid nanofluids into heat transfer fluids such as water, ethylene glycol (EG), oil, and refrigerants. These hybrid nanofluids aim to enhance the thermal properties of conventional base fluids. However, nanoparticles at the nanoscale exhibit a strong tendency to aggregate owing to substantial van der Waals interactions, resulting in sedimentation and clogging, which compromise stability. This aggregation negatively impacts both stability and thermal conductivity. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the latest advancements in water-based hybrid nanofluids, incorporating various nanoparticle hybridizations, including metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, and plant-based nanomaterials such as nanocellulose in combination with synthetic nanoparticles, an area that remains relatively unexplored. Furthermore, this review discusses characterization techniques and strategies for improving the stability and thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids, including chemical modifications such as the addition of surfactants or surface functionalization as well as physical modifications such as optimizing the volume fraction of hybrid nanocomposites, selecting appropriate nanoparticle types and sizes, adjusting ultrasonication time, and modifying pH levels. This review is based on recent studies published between 2019 and 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14088-14125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00844a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis of alkyl levulinates via the esterification of levulinic acid and transesterification of methyl levulinate with alkyl alcohols over montmorillonite K10† 在K10†蒙脱土上乙酰丙酸酯化及乙酰丙酸甲酯与烷基醇酯交换合成乙酰丙酸烷基酯
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA00615E
Nobutaka Yamanaka, Koji Nishi, Kenji Yasunaga and Hiroshi Yamada
{"title":"Synthesis of alkyl levulinates via the esterification of levulinic acid and transesterification of methyl levulinate with alkyl alcohols over montmorillonite K10†","authors":"Nobutaka Yamanaka, Koji Nishi, Kenji Yasunaga and Hiroshi Yamada","doi":"10.1039/D5RA00615E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA00615E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alkyl levulinates are bio-based chemicals with great potential for application in the fields of energy and fine chemical synthesis. They are synthesized <em>via</em> the esterification of levulinic acid with the corresponding alkyl alcohols over Brønsted acid catalysts. Here, three types of commercially available, low-cost, and environmentally friendly layered clay minerals (montmorillonite K10, halloysite, and kaolinite) were applied to the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol as heterogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts. This is because of their surface hydroxyl groups, which can function as Brønsted acid sites. The catalytic activity followed the order of montmorillonite K10 ≫ halloysite ≈ kaolinite ≈ blank (no catalyst). This was most likely attributable to the difference in the thickness of a layer with one interlayer space. The most effective clay mineral, montmorillonite K10, was used to synthesize the target product (ethyl levulinate) at an excellent yield of 96.5% under optimized reaction conditions (N<small><sub>2</sub></small> pressure, 0.6 MPa; temperature, 443 K; time, 3.75 h). The clay mineral was observed to be reusable at least thrice for the esterification reaction without any significant decrease in its catalytic activity. Furthermore, it could be used to synthesize various alkyl levulinates in excellent yields by varying the selection of alkyl alcohols used. In addition, it was applied to the transesterification of methyl levulinate with various alkyl alcohols, producing the corresponding alkyl levulinates in extremely good yields. This study provides an environmentally friendly, economical, and effective route to biomass utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 18","pages":" 14152-14157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra00615e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of perfluoropyridine incorporation into poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)† 全氟吡啶掺入聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯†的影响
IF 3.9 3区 化学
RSC Advances Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1039/D5RA01927C
Jason Pulfer, Alban Duhamel, Maxime Colpaert, Tim Storr and Chadron M. Friesen
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