{"title":"Transcriptomics-Informed Proteomics of Venom Glands and Crude Venom from <i>Tityus cf. Asthenes</i> from Panama: Enzymes, Proteins, Toxins, and Antimicrobial Peptides.","authors":"Marcos H Salazar, Octavio Samudio, Iván Arenas, Magdalena Hernández-Ortiz, Herlinda Clement, Lorena Hernandez-Orihuela, Sergio Encarnación-Guevara, John Cleghorn, Hildaura Acosta, Gerardo Corzo","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The venom gland and the crude venom of <i>Tityus cf. asthenes</i> were analyzed by transcriptomic and proteomic methods. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed for the identification of a wide range of venom proteins. Notably, transcriptomic and proteomic venom approaches identified a hyaluronidase, toxins that affect the voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup> channels, LVPs, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, metalloproteinases, serine proteases, alpha-amylases, toxins that affect the voltage-gated K<sup>+</sup> channel, scorpion calcin-like, single insulin-like growth factor-binding domain proteins, nondisulfide-bridged peptides, lectins, chitinases, Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, cyclotide trypsin inhibitors, and uncharacterized proteins. These newly identified components enhance the understanding of the venomous nature of <i>Tityus cf. asthenes</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nova Mondry Cohen, Chiranth Krishna Kumar, Haruta Iitoyo, Alexander W Rookyard, Joel A Cain, Lok Man, Melanie Y White, Ashleigh L Dale, Stuart J Cordwell
{"title":"Exploring the Targets of Reactive Oxygen Species and Defense against Oxidative Stress in <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Using a Multiomics Approach.","authors":"Nova Mondry Cohen, Chiranth Krishna Kumar, Haruta Iitoyo, Alexander W Rookyard, Joel A Cain, Lok Man, Melanie Y White, Ashleigh L Dale, Stuart J Cordwell","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> is a major cause of human gastroenteritis. Pathogenesis depends on survival in reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced endogenously and by host phagocytes and microbiota. Label-based proteomics by LC-MS/MS quantified 1347 proteins (83.0% of the predicted proteome) in response to hydrogen peroxide (10 μM/0.5 mM) and superoxide-inducing paraquat (PQ; 2 μM/10 μM). Antioxidants including catalase (KatA) and alkylhydroperoxide reductase (AhpC), were induced, consistent with the oxidative stress response. Changes to nutrient transporters (SdaC/PutP/LctP) correlated with the intracellular abundance of substrates (serine/proline/lactate). ROS significantly elevated the abundance of the outer membrane protein Cj1170c, and Δ<i>cj</i><i>1170c</i> bacteria were compromised for survival in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and under osmotic stress. PQ induced intracellular accumulation of threonine and homoserine, while Δ<i>cj1170c</i> bacteria were depleted of these metabolites. ROS targets cysteine thiols that can be irreversibly modified to sulfinic and sulfonic (SO<sub>2</sub>H/SO<sub>3</sub>H) acids. We identified 1334 Cys-SO<sub>2</sub>H/SO<sub>3</sub>H-modified peptides (867 sites in 495 proteins) using SCX negative and HILIC positive selection coupled to LC-MS/MS. Many sites were modified without exogenous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, suggesting that <i>C. jejuni</i> maintains an oxidative intracellular environment potentially related to microaerophilicity. Fe-S clusters were the primary targets of ROS. ROS trigger molecular remodeling associated with in-host growth, while overoxidizable Cys sites provide targets for redox-based antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of an Adaptive, Economical, and Easy-to-Use SP3-TMT Automated Sample Preparation Workflow for Quantitative Proteomics.","authors":"Jake N Hermanson, Lea A Barny, Lars Plate","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liquid handling robots have been developed to automate various steps of the bottom-up proteomics workflow, however, protocols for the generation of isobarically labeled peptides remain limited. Existing methods often require costly specialty devices and are constrained by fixed workflows. To address this, we developed a cost-effective, flexible, automated sample preparation protocol for TMT-labeled peptides using the Biomek i5 liquid handler (Beckman Coulter). Our approach leverages single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation with paramagnetic beads to streamline protein cleanup and digestion. The protocol also allows for adjustment of trypsin concentration and peptide-to-TMT ratio to increase throughput and reduce costs, respectively. We compared our automated and manual 18-plex TMT-Pro labeling workflows by monitoring select protein markers of the unfolded protein response in pharmacologically activatable, engineered cell lines. Overall, the automated protocol demonstrated equivalent performance in peptide and protein identifications, digestion and labeling efficiency, and an enhancement in the dynamic range of TMT quantifications. Compared to the manual method, the Biomek protocol significantly reduces hands-on time and minimizes sample handling errors. The 96-well format additionally allows for the number of TMT reactions to be scaled up quickly without a significant increase in user interaction. Our optimized automated workflow enhances throughput, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness, making it a valuable tool for high-throughput proteomics studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabin Drouard, Fiona A Hagenbeek, Miina Ollikainen, Zhili Zheng, Xiaoling Wang, Samuli Ripatti, Matti Pirinen, Jaakko Kaprio
{"title":"Twin Study Provides Heritability Estimates for 2321 Plasma Proteins and Assesses Missing SNP Heritability.","authors":"Gabin Drouard, Fiona A Hagenbeek, Miina Ollikainen, Zhili Zheng, Xiaoling Wang, Samuli Ripatti, Matti Pirinen, Jaakko Kaprio","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing how much variability in blood plasma proteins is due to genetic or environmental factors is essential for advancing personalized medicine. While large-scale studies have established SNP-based heritability (SNP-h<sup>2</sup>) estimates for plasma proteins, less is known about the proportion of total genetic effects on protein variability. We applied quantitative genetic twin models to estimate the heritability of 2321 plasma proteins and to assess the proportion of heritability accounted for by SNP-h<sup>2</sup> estimates. Olink proteomics data were generated for 401 twins aged 56-70, including 196 complete same-sex twin pairs. On average, 40% of protein variability was attributable to genetic effects. Twin-based heritability estimates were highly correlated with published SNP-h<sup>2</sup> estimates from the UK Biobank (Spearman coefficient: ρ = 0.80). However, on average, only half of the total heritability was covered by SNP-h<sup>2</sup>, and the other half, representing one-fifth of the total protein phenotypic variability, remains missing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jens Settelmeier, Sandra Goetze, Julia Boshart, Jianbo Fu, Amanda Khoo, Sebastian N Steiner, Martin Gesell, Jacqueline Hammer, Peter J Schüffler, Diyora Salimova, Patrick G A Pedrioli, Bernd Wollscheid
{"title":"MultiOmicsAgent: Guided Extreme Gradient-Boosted Decision Trees-Based Approaches for Biomarker-Candidate Discovery in Multiomics Data.","authors":"Jens Settelmeier, Sandra Goetze, Julia Boshart, Jianbo Fu, Amanda Khoo, Sebastian N Steiner, Martin Gesell, Jacqueline Hammer, Peter J Schüffler, Diyora Salimova, Patrick G A Pedrioli, Bernd Wollscheid","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MultiOmicsAgent (MOAgent) is an innovative, Python-based open-source tool for biomarker discovery, utilizing machine learning techniques, specifically extreme gradient-boosted decision trees, to process multiomics data. With its cross-platform compatibility, user-oriented graphical interface, and well-documented API, MOAgent not only meets the needs of both coding professionals and those new to machine learning but also addresses common data analysis challenges like normalization, data incompleteness, class imbalances and data leakage between disjoint data splits. MOAgent″s guided data analysis strategy opens up data-driven insights from digitized clinical biospecimen cohorts, making advanced data analysis accessible and reliable for a wide audience.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rong Su, Xinyue Ma, Xueyan Guo, Shengchun Huang, Rong Liu, Zhijing Song, Huanyu Gao, Keli Zhao, Yan Li, Kai Liang
{"title":"Impact of Cold Ischemia on the Proteome and Metabolome of Tissue Samples and Preanalytical Quality Control Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging.","authors":"Rong Su, Xinyue Ma, Xueyan Guo, Shengchun Huang, Rong Liu, Zhijing Song, Huanyu Gao, Keli Zhao, Yan Li, Kai Liang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold ischemia significantly affects tissue sample quality and analytical accuracy. However, research on the effects of cold ischemia on tissue proteomics and metabolomics is limited, and efficient tools for assessing tissue quality are lacking. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and metabolomics were employed to evaluate the impact of cold ischemia times and temperature, and MS imaging (MSI) was explored as a high-throughput platform for tissue quality assessment. Our findings indicated that the proteome exhibits greater overall stability than the metabolome and that cold ischemia at 25 °C causes tissue molecular degradation more rapidly than at 4 °C. We also identified functional pathways particularly sensitive to cold ischemia, including the upregulation of cellular detoxification and small-molecule metabolism, alongside the inhibition of nucleotide excision repair functions. Additionally, MALDI MSI can identify the change in certain highly unsaturated lipids caused by cold ischemia. Specifically, phosphatatidylcholines (40:6) and phosphatatidylcholines (34:3) showed sensitivities of 91.67% and specificities of 88.89% for identifying ″low-quality″ leiomyoma tissues, indicating their potential as quality biomarkers. These insights can guide sample collection and selection strategies based on analytical objectives and provide a theoretical basis for preanalysis quality management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Li, Bing Wang, Fahan Ma, Jingwen Lyu, Daojian Xun, Tao Ji, Lingli Zhu, Subei Tan, Chen Ding
{"title":"Data-Independent Acquisition-Based Quantitative Proteomics for Pairwise Comparison of Serum and Plasma.","authors":"Yan Li, Bing Wang, Fahan Ma, Jingwen Lyu, Daojian Xun, Tao Ji, Lingli Zhu, Subei Tan, Chen Ding","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human blood contains proteins secreted by various organs, but there is no consensus on whether serum or plasma is preferable for proteome studies. Mass spectrometry employing data-independent acquisition has emerged as a transformative methodology in proteomics, enabling reproducible large-scale quantification of proteomes during one LC-MS/MS analytical run and facilitating identification of potential markers and elucidation of biological processes. Here, we profiled the proteome data of ten paired plasma and serum samples in the initial sample set. Functional analysis revealed similarities and differences in biological functions and the preference for different organs between serum and plasma. Furthermore, comparative proteomic analysis highlighted the different proteomic characteristics. Plasma-overrepresented pathways were related to the phagosome and immune, while serum-overrepresented pathways were associated with amino acid metabolism, which were further validated by the follow-up sample set composed of eight paired plasma and serum samples. We have detected potential markers in plasma and serum for various cancers and explored their association with prognosis using data from the TCGA pan-cancer cohort and HPA database. Further assessment is required to validate the reproducibility of the quantification for these markers. Overall, this study highlights the commonality and specificity of plasma and serum at the molecular level, underscoring their respective utility in biological exploration and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Gismene, Fábio Rogério de Moraes, Anelize Bauermeister, Thyerre Santana Da Costa, Marilia de Freitas Calmon, Luís Eduardo de Almeida Passos Cerbino, Paula Rahal, Rejane Maira Góes, Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes, Ljubica Tasic, Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni
{"title":"Metabolic Effects of Cellular Necrosis Caused by Exfoliative Toxin C (ExhC) from <i>Mammaliicoccus sciuri</i>.","authors":"Carolina Gismene, Fábio Rogério de Moraes, Anelize Bauermeister, Thyerre Santana Da Costa, Marilia de Freitas Calmon, Luís Eduardo de Almeida Passos Cerbino, Paula Rahal, Rejane Maira Góes, Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes, Ljubica Tasic, Raghuvir Krishnaswamy Arni","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01029","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exfoliative toxins (ETs) are glutamyl endopeptidases (GEPs) belonging to the chymotrypsin-like serine protease family (CLSPs), and they play crucial roles in diverse skin diseases. Specifically, exfoliative toxin C (ExhC), expressed by <i>Mammaliicoccus sciuri</i>, is an atypical CLSP and has been classified as a moonlighting protein due to its ability to induce necrosis in specific cell lines, inhibit the phagocytic activity of macrophages, and cause skin exfoliation in pigs and mice. The latter function is attributed to the high specificity of ExhC for porcine and murine desmoglein-1, a cadherin that contributes to cell-cell adhesion within the epidermis. Although the amino acid residues responsible for ExhC-induced necrosis have been identified, the specific cellular metabolic pathways leading to cell death remain unclear. Herein, we employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) to explore the metabolic pathways affected by the necrotic activity of ExhC in the BHK-21 cell line. The metabolic profile of cells exposed to subtoxic doses of ExhC revealed significant alterations in oxidative stress protection, energy production, and gene expression pathways. The data demonstrate the potential mechanisms of action of ExhC and highlight that this toxin causes cellular damage, even at low concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Durand, Marta Zola, Elodie Bousquet, Emilie Picard, Laura Kowalczuk, Min Zhao, Delphine Centeno, Bernard Lyan, Marion Brandolini-Bunlon, Estelle Pujos-Guillot, Francine Behar-Cohen
{"title":"Metabolomic Signature in Men with Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Using UHPLC-MS.","authors":"Stephanie Durand, Marta Zola, Elodie Bousquet, Emilie Picard, Laura Kowalczuk, Min Zhao, Delphine Centeno, Bernard Lyan, Marion Brandolini-Bunlon, Estelle Pujos-Guillot, Francine Behar-Cohen","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), the fourth leading cause of retinal disease, tends to affect men and is favored by corticosteroids. Untargeted systemic metabolomics was analyzed in 60 men with CSCR and 60 age-matched controls using UHPLC-MS. The analysis of sera revealed a total of 722 metabolites that differed significantly between the CSCR and control groups, with 592 being downregulated and 130 being upregulated. The metabolic profile exhibited incomplete breakdown products of protein digestion or catabolism, incomplete fatty acid β-oxidation, and alterations in antioxidant metabolism. A substantial upregulation of three primary fatty acid amides was observed, along with a downregulation of long-chain acylcarnitines and kynurenines. The reduction in long- and medium-chain acylcarnitine, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), tryptophan, and kynurenine, all of which are upregulated by glucocorticoids, does not support the hypothesis of excess glucocorticoid in patients with CSCR. In conclusion, we report here that patients with CRSC present a metabolic signature that could be useful as a complement to specific endocrine studies to better understand the relationship between corticoids and the pathology. Repeated cohorts are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayara de Mattos Lacerda de Carvalho, Talyta Soares do Nascimento, Gustavo Miranda Rocha, Livia Carvalho Barbosa, Paulo Mascarello Bisch, Cedric Delporte, Pierre van Antwerpen, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert, Paulo Ricardo Batista, Leticia Miranda Santos Lery
{"title":"Dual Role for Pld1 in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Virulence: Transcriptomics and Proteomics Provide Insights into Direct and Indirect Effects.","authors":"Mayara de Mattos Lacerda de Carvalho, Talyta Soares do Nascimento, Gustavo Miranda Rocha, Livia Carvalho Barbosa, Paulo Mascarello Bisch, Cedric Delporte, Pierre van Antwerpen, Jean-Marie Ruysschaert, Paulo Ricardo Batista, Leticia Miranda Santos Lery","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c01146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is an opportunistic pathogen frequently found in healthcare settings, exhibiting resistance to carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins. Hypervirulent community-acquired strains are also emerging. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is the top priority for developing new treatment strategies. A putative phospholipase D (PLD1) was linked to <i>K. pneumoniae</i> virulence, as a mutant strain is avirulent in a mouse model. However, the PLD1 function remains unclear. In the current study, no interaction between PLD1 and lipids was detected in a fat-blot. Lipidomic profile was not altered between strains or infected cells. To shed light on the role of PLD1, we compared the gene expression profile of a wild-type x <i>pld1</i> mutant and found 330 modulated genes. Noteworthy, capsular polysaccharide genes were increased in the wild-type, while the mutant expressed higher levels of fimbriae, conjugation systems, and stress-protection proteins. Electron microscopy confirmed a loose capsule in the mutant, which also showed an enhanced adhesion to epithelial cells. A pulldown experiment using PLD1 as bait identified 48 macrophage proteins as putative ligands, including ribosomal, RNA-related, small GTPases, and cytoskeleton-related proteins. It suggests that PLD1 may modulate host cell complexes, favoring the infection. These findings provide novel clues about PLD1's role in virulence, guiding further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}