ACS Nano最新文献

{"title":"Production-Ready Double-Sided Fabrication of Dual-Band Infrared Metaoptics Using Deep-Ultraviolet Lithography","authors":"Kai Sun, Xingzhao Yan, Jordan Scott, Jun-Yu Ou, James N. Monks, Otto L. Muskens","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c11908","url":null,"abstract":"Metaoptics, the application of metasurfaces into optical systems, is seeing an accelerating development owing to advantages in size, weight, and cost and the ability to program optical functions beyond traditional refractive optics. The transition of metaoptics from the laboratory into applications is enabled by scalable production methods based on highly reproducible semiconductor process technology. Here, we introduce a method for the fabrication of double-sided metasurfaces through deep-UV lithography as a production-ready method for achieving high-quality metaoptics. We achieve patterning of a silicon wafer on both sides with mutual alignment of around 10 μm based on tool accuracy without requiring through-wafer alignment markers other than the wafer notch. An application highlighting the benefits of double-sided design is demonstrated in the form of a dual-band metalens with independent control over focal lengths in mid- and long-wavelength infrared bands. Using multireticle stitching, we demonstrate a 40 mm diameter, large-area metalens with excellent broadband imaging performance, showing partial canceling of chromatic dispersion when used in a hybrid configuration with a BaF₂ refractive lens. Our work establishes a production-ready approach to infrared metaoptics designs and double-sided metaoptics fabrication with direct potential for translation into scalable technology for real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Synthesis and Device Integration of Long 17-Atom-Wide Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons","authors":"Jeong Ha Hwang, Nicolò Bassi, Mayada Fadel, Oliver Braun, Tim Dumslaff, Carlo A. Pignedoli, Michael Stiefel, Roman Furrer, Hironobu Hayashi, Hiroko Yamada, Akimitsu Narita, Klaus Müllen, Michel Calame, Mickael Perrin, Roman Fasel, Pascal Ruffieux, Vincent Meunier, Gabriela Borin Barin","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c11981","url":null,"abstract":"Seventeen-carbon-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (17-AGNRs) are promising candidates for high-performance electronic devices due to their narrow electronic bandgap. Atomic precision in edge structure and width control is achieved through a bottom-up on-surface synthesis (OSS) approach from tailored molecular precursors in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). This synthetic protocol must be optimized to meet the structural requirements for device integration, with the ribbon length being the most critical parameter. Here, we report optimized OSS conditions that produce 17-AGNRs with an average length of ∼17 nm. This length enhancement is achieved through a gradual temperature ramping during an extended annealing period, combined with a template-like effect driven by monomer assembly at high surface coverage. The resulting 17-AGNRs are comprehensively characterized in UHV by using scanning probe techniques and Raman spectroscopy. Raman measurements following substrate transfer enabled the characterization of GNRs’ length distribution on the device substrate and confirmed their stability under ambient conditions and harsh chemical environments, including acid vapors and etchants. The increased length and ambient stability of the 17-AGNRs led to their reliable integration into device architectures. As a proof of concept, we integrate 17-AGNRs into field-effect transistors (FETs) with graphene electrodes and confirm that electronic transport occurs through the GNRs. This work demonstrates the feasibility of integrating narrow bandgap GNRs into functional devices and contributes to advancing the development of carbon-based nanoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Action Cellular Nanoparticles for Effective Lead (Pb2+) Detoxification","authors":"Wei-Ting Shen, Jiayuan Alex Zhang, Yiyan Yu, Sydney D. Zhang, Lei Sun, Mingxuan Kai, Weiwei Gao, Liangfang Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c11268","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb²⁺) exposure remains a persistent and serious public health concern due to its widespread presence and profound toxicity. Building on recent advances in toxin-neutralizing cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CNPs) and the discovery of Pb²⁺-binding DNA aptamers, we develop dual-action neuron-mimetic CNPs for effective Pb²⁺ detoxification. In the formulation, the CNPs encapsulate aptamers within metal–organic framework (MOF) cores and coated with membranes derived from SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, two functional components working together to neutralize Pb²⁺. The resulting constructs, termed Neuron-MOF/aptamer-NPs, exhibit strong Pb²⁺ binding capacity, excellent colloidal stability in physiological media, and resistance to DNA leakage. <i>In vitro</i> assays identify Neuron-MOF/aptamer-NPs as the most potent formulation, demonstrating dual-action neutralization against Pb²⁺-induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in SH-SY5Y cells. <i>In vivo</i>, Neuron-MOF/aptamer-NP treatment significantly improves survival in a mouse model of lead poisoning and reduces hematologic, hepatic, and renal damage. Behavioral assessments further confirm the restoration of spatial memory and locomotor function. Neuron-MOF/aptamer-NPs exhibit no signs of acute toxicity in healthy mice. These findings establish Neuron-MOF/aptamer-NPs as a potent and biocompatible therapeutic platform for targeted lead detoxification with systemic and neuroprotective benefits.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Low-Dose High Atomic Number Contrast Agent for Ultrahigh-Resolution Computed Tomography Angiography","authors":"Shujie Li, Houde Wu, Li Guo, Xiaoyi Wang, Gang Shu, Xinxing Li, Shao-Kai Sun","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c12047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c12047","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving high resolution while minimizing contrast agent dosage remains a key goal, yet a major challenge in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging. Herein, we propose an artificial intelligence-assisted low-dose high atomic number contrast agent for ultrahigh-resolution CT imaging. As a proof of concept, high-quality PEGylated hafnium oxide nanoparticles (DA-HfO₂ NPs) are synthesized, exhibiting superior X-ray attenuation, high hafnium content (36%), excellent water solubility, appropriate hydrodynamic size (13.5 nm), and prolonged circulation half-life (161.9 min). High-dose DA-HfO₂ NPs enable extended ultrahigh-resolution vascular imaging with a spatial resolution of 0.15 mm and a time window of at least 60 min. More importantly, by integrating artificial intelligence, the low-dose contrast agent (at 25% of the standard dose) achieves imaging quality comparable to that of the high-dose agent in both contrast density and spatial resolution, while simultaneously enhancing biosafety. This strategy enables high-resolution imaging at reduced contrast agent doses and offers a promising approach for sensitive and safe CT angiography.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA Binding Sensitivity of Nonstructural Protein 8 Revealed by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Alphafold2 Prediction.","authors":"Xin Jiang,Jinxin Xu,Zhenyu Liao,Na Wang,Taisen Zuo,Changli Ma,Hanqiu Jiang,Yubin Ke,He Cheng,Howard Wang,Jinkui Zhao,Jun Fan,Jinsong Liu,Xiangqiang Chu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.4c16790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.4c16790","url":null,"abstract":"The flexible structure enables nonstructural protein 8 (nsp8) to respond quickly to environmental changes, which are essential for RNA replication and transcription of SARS-CoV-2. In this work, small-angle neutron scattering and AlphaFold2 prediction were applied to characterize the structural change of SARS-CoV-2 nsp8 dimers and tetramers. The results demonstrated that the nsp8 tetramer with a more exposed core domain shows a low thermal stability. The exposed core domain increases its sensitivity to RNA and adapts its structure to interact with RNA. Our work reveals the structural difference between the two forms of SARS-CoV-2 nsp8s in the RNA synthesis process, which partly elucidates the molecular mechanism behind RNA replication of the RNA virus.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Mechanisms of Ion Permeation through Sub-Nanometer Graphene Pores: Uncovering Free Energy Barriers via High-Throughput Molecular Simulations","authors":"Andres F. Ordorica, Peifu Cheng, Pavan Chaturvedi, Peter T. Cummings, Piran R. Kidambi","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c13306","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding ion transport through subnanometer graphene nanopores is critical for advancing nanoscale filtration technologies and uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying selective ion permeation. Owing to their atomic thickness and tunable pore sizes, nanoporous graphene membranes serve as a model system for probing ion selectivity and hydration behavior under spatial confinement. This work investigates the transport of Na⁺, Cl^–, K⁺, and water through graphene nanopores to elucidate their ion-sieving characteristics. Free energy barriers associated with ion and water permeation are quantified, offering insight into the energetic costs of dehydration and translocation through nanopores. Selective ion transport is further examined using the constant potential method (CPM), which more accurately reflects experimental electrochemical conditions, and allows for the selective permeation of K⁺ over Na⁺ within nanoporous graphene membranes. The role of externally applied electric fields is also explored to assess their impact on ion hydration and transport dynamics. Together, these results contribute to a deeper mechanistic understanding of ion confinement, hydration, and selective permeation in nanoporous atomically thin membranes.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimechanistic Electrical Transport in Macroscopic Graphene Assemblies: Bridging Theoretical and Practical Performance Limits.","authors":"Linxin Zhai,Peng Li,Zhen Xu,Zhiping Xu","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c15334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c15334","url":null,"abstract":"Macroscopic graphene assemblies, such as fibers and films, offer high strength and thermal conductivity but achieve only about half the theoretical graphite limit in electrical conductivity, far below their stiffness and thermal performance. This gap underscores the need for theoretical guidance, complicated by atomic-scale chemistry and hierarchical microstructures, requiring multiscale, multimechanistic modeling. We present an integrated framework unifying quantum transport calculations, Monte Carlo simulations, and network modeling, accounting for band transport and hopping in the basal plane, alongside π-π coupling and tunneling across their interfaces. Anchored by experimental evidence, it quantitatively predicts in-plane and cross-plane conductivities as functions of sp2 fraction and sheet size. The results reveal a percolation transition in the basal plane near 60%, with stretched exponential and linear scaling in the highly-oxidized (hopping) and reduced (band conduction) limits, respectively, providing a measure of the requirement for chemical reduction and high-temperature graphitization. A sigmoidal (\"S-shaped\") size dependence reflects micrometer-scale constraints of flakes derived from graphite exfoliation and dispersion. In contrast to thermal transport, electrical conductivity is more tolerant of low-concentration defects and more strongly dependent on sheet size, indicating that preferentially selecting larger sheets from the dispersion is more essential for electrical performance. The orders-of-magnitude higher anisotropy of electrical versus thermal conductivity further indicates that thin films optimize thermal management by harnessing charge carriers as heat carriers. Our framework bridges the theoretical limits and practical performance of graphene assemblies, an advance not previously achieved, and is extensible to additional effects of structural fluctuations and chemical modifications. It also motivates targeted experimental characterization of key parameters at the level of basic structural units (closely packed laminates) and their interfaces, which contributes to a comprehensive composition-processing-microstructure-performance map.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"356 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallosalphen-Covalent Organic Framework-Based Semiconducting Artificial Enzymes with Radio-Activable Antitumor Immunity for Suppressing Tumor Metastasis and Recurrence","authors":"Yu Min, Qian Li, Zhenyang Zhao, Qinlong Wen, Wenjie Xu, Mohsen Adeli, Zhigong Wei, Xiaolin Wang, Xianglin Luo, Xingchen Peng, Chong Cheng","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c13672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c13672","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-catalytic therapies have gained increasing popularity in preventing tumor metastasis and recurrence, yet their efficiency is often compromised by limited systemic immune activation. Herein, we report the <i>de novo</i> design of Ru-coordinated bis-Schiff base salphen-covalent organic frameworks (SCOF-Ru) to serve as semiconducting artificial enzymes with radio-activable ROS-catalytic efficiency and antitumor immunity for suppressing tumor metastasis and recurrence. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the semiconducting SCOF-Ru displays large π-conjugation, efficient electron transfer, strong electron–hole separation, and unique Ru₂–N₄O₂ catalytic centers, enabling the most superior ROS production capability under low-dose X-ray irradiation. Rather than relying on high-Z elements, semiconducting SCOF-Ru with optimized band structures endows Ru sites with high radiosensitization effects. Our findings have disclosed that the SCOF-Ru can not only effectively inhibit DNA repair but also trigger robust apoptosis through the downregulation of calcium signaling pathways. Correspondingly, the therapeutic superiority and recurrence inhibition efficacies of SCOF-Ru have been validated in different tumor models, especially radiotherapy-resistant patient-derived xenograft models. Combined with immune checkpoint blockade, radio-activable SCOF-Ru shows great potential to robustly inhibit the growth of distant tumors. We believe the innovative design of ROS-catalytic and radio-activable artificial enzymes will enable a promising avenue for treating malignant tumors.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Fluorescent Nanodiamonds with Millisecond Spin Relaxation Times","authors":"Mina Barzegaramiriolya, Erin S. Grant, Trent Ralph, Yang Li, Giannis Thalassinos, Anton Tadich, Lars Thomsen, Takeshi Ohshima, Hiroshi Abe, Nikolai Dontschuk, Alastair Stacey, Paul Mulvaney, Liam. T. Hall, Philipp Reineck, David A. Simpson","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c02407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c02407","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects are useful probes for biological imaging and nanoscale sensing applications. Here, we explore the effect of chemical surface modifications and core–shell structures on the <i>T</i>₁ relaxation times of 100 nm FNDs hosting nitrogen-vacancy ensembles. The results show that surface oxidation and silica coating of FNDs using the Stöber method can dramatically increase the spin relaxation time from <i>T</i>_<i>1</i> = <i>320</i> ± 9 μs to <i>T</i>_<i>1</i> = 1.00 ± 0.06 ms. Using FT-IR and NEXAFS measurements conducted on air oxidized particles, we find that changes to surface functional groups and sp² carbon density may be responsible for the observed enhancements to the spin relaxation rate. Finally, we use a Monte Carlo model to numerically investigate the relationship between chemical sensitivity and shell thickness and find that a shell thickness on the order of 1 nm should provide the highest sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate that the surface of FNDs can be engineered to exhibit bulk-like <i>T</i>₁ relaxation times, in the absence of complex quantum control sequences, which is crucial to advancing biosensing and imaging applications where surface spin noise currently limits measurement precision.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pd Nanoreefs on Au Truncated Octahedra Nanoprobes for Label-Free Biomolecule Detection via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering","authors":"Soohyun Lee, Seohyeon Lee, Sungwoo Lee, Kyuvin Hur, Qiang Zhao, Sungho Park","doi":"10.1021/acsnano.5c11124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c11124","url":null,"abstract":"Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enables ultrasensitive molecular detection but faces significant challenges when applied to biologically relevant molecules, such as amino acids and carbohydrates, due to their weak surface adsorption and low Raman cross sections, which lead to poor signal reproducibility. To address these limitations, we present morphology-engineered hybrid nanostructures, termed Pd nanoreef on Au truncated octahedron (Au–Pd NRTO), which combine the strong plasmonic properties of Au with the high binding affinity of Pd for oxygen-containing biomolecules. In this architecture, Pd selectively grows into coral-like columnar pillars at high-energy sites on the Au surface, precisely where electromagnetic field enhancement is maximized, significantly improving SERS signals. By tuning the extent of Pd growth, we achieve an optimal balance between preserving plasmonic activity and enhancing molecular adsorption. Finite element simulations, corroborated by experimental SERS data, reveal that intermediate Pd coverage yields the best sensing performance by coupling efficient near-field enhancement with effective analyte capture. Using this platform, we successfully performed label-free detection of small biomolecules, including neurotransmitters, monosaccharides, and amino acids, with high sensitivity and demonstrated multiplexing capability. These findings demonstrate a morphology-driven strategy for developing multifunctional plasmonic sensors, underscoring the importance of embedding chemically interactive sites directly within SERS-active regions to maximize detection efficiency.","PeriodicalId":21,"journal":{"name":"ACS Nano","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":17.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}