IF 3.4

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2112033

Daniel Pizzolato, Krishma Labib, Niko Skoulikaris, Natalie Evans, Rea Roje, Panagiotis Kavouras, Noémie Aubert Bonn, Kris Dierickx, Joeri Tijdink

{"title":"How can research institutions support responsible supervision and leadership?","authors":"Daniel Pizzolato, Krishma Labib, Niko Skoulikaris, Natalie Evans, Rea Roje, Panagiotis Kavouras, Noémie Aubert Bonn, Kris Dierickx, Joeri Tijdink","doi":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2112033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2112033","url":null,"abstract":"Supervisors, PhD candidates and research leaders are expected to be the primary persons responsible for maintaining a high research integrity standards. However, research institutions should support them in this effort, by promoting responsible supervision and leadership practices. Although it is clear that institutions play a crucial role in this, there is a lack of institutional guidelines focusing on these topics. The development of the experience-based guidelines presented in this article consisted of a multi-step, iterative approach. We engaged 16 experts in supervision and research integrity in four workshops to co-create institutional guidelines for responsible supervision and leadership. To revise the guidelines and make them operational, we formed a dedicated working group and consulted experts in the field of supervision. This resulted in three guidelines focusing on what institutions can do to support: responsible supervision, PhD candidates during their PhD trajectory, and responsible leadership. The recommendations focus on the rights and responsibilities of the three targeted stakeholder groups, and institutions' responsibilities for the personal development and well-being of supervisors, PhD candidates and research leaders. The three guidelines can be used by institutions to foster responsible supervision and leadership by supporting researchers to conduct research with integrity.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"173-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40704055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One R or the other - an experimental bioethics approach to 3R dilemmas in animal research. 非此即彼--以实验生物伦理学方法解决动物研究中的 3R 困境。

IF 2.3

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-024-10221-y

Christian Rodriguez Perez, David M Shaw, Brian D Earp, Bernice S Elger, Kirsten Persson

{"title":"One R or the other - an experimental bioethics approach to 3R dilemmas in animal research.","authors":"Christian Rodriguez Perez, David M Shaw, Brian D Earp, Bernice S Elger, Kirsten Persson","doi":"10.1007/s11019-024-10221-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-024-10221-y","url":null,"abstract":"Sacrificial dilemmas such as the trolley problem play an important role in experimental philosophy (x-phi). But it is increasingly argued that, since we are not likely to encounter runaway trolleys in our daily life, the usefulness of such thought experiments for understanding moral judgments in more ecologically valid contexts may be limited. However, similar sacrificial dilemmas are experienced in real life by animal research decision makers. As part of their job, they must make decisions about the suffering, and often the death, of many non-human animals. For this reason, a context-specific investigation of so-called \"3R dilemmas\" (i.e., dilemmas where there is a conflict between the principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals in research) is essential to improve the situation of both non-human animals and human stakeholders. An approach well suited for such investigation is experimental philosophical bioethics (\"bioxphi\"), which draws on methods similar to x-phi to probe more realistic, practical scenarios with an eye to informing normative debates and ethical policy. In this article, we argue for a need to investigate 3R dilemmas among professional decision-makers using the tools of bioxphi. In a first step, we define 3R dilemmas and discuss previous investigations of professionals' attitudes in such cases. In a second step, we show how bioxphi is a promising method to investigate the whys and hows of professional decision-making in 3R dilemmas. In a last step, we provide a bioxphi template for 3R dilemmas, give recommendations on its use, explore the normative relevance of data collected by such means, and discuss important limitations.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"497-512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Outputs, Outcomes, and Impacts of Science Communication: A Quantitative Content Analysis of 128 Science Communication Projects. 评估科学传播的产出、成果和影响：对 128 个科学传播项目的定量内容分析》。

IF 4.6 3区材料科学

ACS Applied Energy Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1177/10755470241253858

Sophia Charlotte Volk

引用次数: 0

Genetic enhancement from the perspective of transhumanism: exploring a new paradigm of transhuman evolution. 从超人主义的角度看基因强化：探索超人进化的新范式。

IF 2.3

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-024-10224-9

Yawen Zou

{"title":"Genetic enhancement from the perspective of transhumanism: exploring a new paradigm of transhuman evolution.","authors":"Yawen Zou","doi":"10.1007/s11019-024-10224-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-024-10224-9","url":null,"abstract":"Transhumanism is a movement that advocates for the enhancement of human capabilities through the use of advanced technologies such as genetic enhancement. This article explores the definition, history, and development of transhumanism. Then, it compares the stance on genetic enhancement from the perspectives of bio-conservatism, bio-liberalism, and transhumanism. This article posits that transhuman evolution has twofold implications, allowing for the integration of transhumanist research and evolutionary biology. First, it offers a compelling scientific framework for understanding genetic enhancement, avoiding technological progressivism, and incorporating concepts of evolutionary biology. Second, it represents a new evolutionary paradigm distinct from traditional Lamarckism and Darwinism. It marks the third synthesis of evolutionary biology, offering fresh perspectives on established concepts such as artificial selection and gene-culture co-evolution. In recent decades, human enhancement has captivated not only evolutionary biologists, neurobiologists, psychologists, and philosophers, but also those in fields such as cybernetics and artificial intelligence. In addition to genetic enhancement, other human enhancement technologies, including brain-computer interfaces and brain uploading, are currently under development, which the paradigm of transhuman evolution can better integrate into its framework.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"529-544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is a cure through gene therapy? An analysis and evaluation of the use of "cure". 什么是通过基因疗法治愈疾病？对使用 "治愈 "一词的分析和评价。

IF 2.3

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-024-10223-w

Lieke Baas, Karina Meijer, Annelien L Bredenoord, Rieke van der Graaf

{"title":"What is a cure through gene therapy? An analysis and evaluation of the use of \"cure\".","authors":"Lieke Baas, Karina Meijer, Annelien L Bredenoord, Rieke van der Graaf","doi":"10.1007/s11019-024-10223-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-024-10223-w","url":null,"abstract":"The development of gene therapy has always come with the expectation that it will offer a cure for various disorders, of which hemophilia is a paradigm example. However, although the term is used regularly, it is unclear what exactly is meant with \"cure\". Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how the concept of cure is used in practice and evaluate which of the interpretations is most suitable in discussions surrounding gene therapy. We analysed how cure is used in four different medical fields where the concept raises discussion. We show that cure can be used in three different ways: cure as normalization of the body, cure as obtaining a normal life, or cure as a change in identity. We argue that since cure is a practical term, its interpretation should be context-specific and the various uses can exist simultaneously, as long as their use is suitable to the function the notion of cure plays in each of the settings. We end by highlighting three different settings in the domain of hemophilia gene therapy in which the term cure is used and explore the function(s) it serves in each setting. We conclude that in the clinical application of gene therapy, it could be better to abandon the term cure, whereas more modest and specified definitions of cure are required in the context of health resource allocation decisions and decisions on research funding.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"489-496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11519194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recalibrated responses needed to a global research landscape in flux. 需要重新调整对策，以应对不断变化的全球研究环境。

IF 3.4

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2103410

Tommy Shih

{"title":"Recalibrated responses needed to a global research landscape in flux.","authors":"Tommy Shih","doi":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2103410","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2103410","url":null,"abstract":"When engaging in international collaboration, researchers and research institutions have to relate to a great range of differences in legislation, scientific practices, incentive systems, and cultural norms. The research landscape has become even more complex in the last decade, and the gray zones at the intersections of a diverse set of institutional contexts may be used to push boundaries. The focus of earlier efforts seeking to harmonize views on scientific integrity in an international context was more limited. Moreover, the guiding research norms have been primarily shaped by a US-European science duopoly. The rise of China has, however, created a multipolar research landscape. As a response to recent geopolitical developments and changes in the global research landscape, guidelines are starting to emerge, especially in the West, that seek to guide research behaviors in a turbulent world. These guidelines collectively identify integral issues to consider, such as research integrity, academic freedom, export control, national security, data security, and intellectual property rights. The plethora of considerations required cause contradictory advice and the research community faces considerable challenges in implementing such guidelines. Therefore more work is needed to guide research relationships in an uncertain world.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40552600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring scientific misconduct in Morocco based on an analysis of plagiarism perception in a cohort of 1,220 researchers and students. 根据对 1220 名研究人员和学生的剽窃行为认知分析，探讨摩洛哥的科研不端行为。

IF 3.4

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2110866

Khalid El Bairi, Nadia El Kadmiri, Maryam Fourtassi

{"title":"Exploring scientific misconduct in Morocco based on an analysis of plagiarism perception in a cohort of 1,220 researchers and students.","authors":"Khalid El Bairi, Nadia El Kadmiri, Maryam Fourtassi","doi":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2110866","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2110866","url":null,"abstract":"Plagiarism is widely regarded as an issue of low- and middle-income countries because of several factors such as the lack of ethics policy and poor research training. In Morocco, plagiarism and its perception by academics has not been investigated on a large scale. In this study, we evaluated different aspects of plagiarism among scholars based on a 23-question cross-sectional survey. Factors associated with plagiarism were explored using contingency tables and logistic regression. The survey results covered all public universities (n=12) and included 1,220 recorded responses. The academic level was significantly associated with plagiarism (p<0.001). Having publication records was statistically associated with a reduced plagiarism (p=0.002). Notably, the ability of participants to correctly define plagiarism was also significantly associated with a reduced plagiarism misconduct (p<0.001). Unintentional plagiarism (p<0.001), time constraint to write an original text (p<0.001), and inability of participants to paraphrase (p<0.001) were associated factors with plagiarism. Moreover, participants that considered plagiarism as a serious issue in academic research had significantly committed less plagiarism (p<0.001). The current study showed that various actionable factors associated with plagiarism can be targeted by educational interventions, and therefore, it provided the rationale to build training programs on research integrity in Morocco.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"138-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40689629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New collaborative statement by bioethics journal editors on generative AI use. 《生物伦理学杂志》编辑关于生成人工智能使用的新合作声明。

IF 3.4

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2276169

Lisa M Rasmussen

引用次数: 0

Citation bias, diversity, and ethics. 引文偏见、多样性和道德规范。

IF 3.4

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2111257

Keisha S Ray, Perry Zurn, Jordan D Dworkin, Dani S Bassett, David B Resnik

{"title":"Citation bias, diversity, and ethics.","authors":"Keisha S Ray, Perry Zurn, Jordan D Dworkin, Dani S Bassett, David B Resnik","doi":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2111257","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08989621.2022.2111257","url":null,"abstract":"How often a researcher is cited usually plays a decisive role in that person's career advancement, because academic institutions often use citation metrics, either explicitly or implicitly, to estimate research impact and productivity. Research has shown, however, that citation patterns and practices are affected by various biases, including the prestige of the authors being cited and their gender, race, and nationality, whether self-attested or perceived. Some commentators have proposed that researchers can address biases related to social identity or position by including a Citation Diversity Statement in a manuscript submitted for publication. A Citation Diversity Statement is a paragraph placed before the reference section of a manuscript in which the authors address the diversity and equitability of their references in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, or other factors and affirm a commitment to promoting equity and diversity in sources and references. The present commentary considers arguments in favor of Citation Diversity Statements, and some practical and ethical issues that these statements raise.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"158-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9938084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10799570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of blacklisted journals: Evidence from Chinese-language academic journals. 黑名单期刊的特征：中文学术期刊的证据。

IF 3.4

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2112953

Gengyan Tang, Jingwen Jia

引用次数: 0

人文科学最新文献