Melanie Soderstrom, Joscelin Rocha-Hidalgo, Luis E Muñoz, Agata Bochynska, Janet F Werker, Barbora Skarabela, Amanda Seidl, Yana Ryjova, Jennifer L Rennels, Christine E Potter, Markus Paulus, Mitsuhiko Ota, Nonah M Olesen, Karli M Nave, Julien Mayor, Alia Martin, Lauren C Machon, Casey Lew-Williams, Eon-Suk Ko, Hyunji Kim, Natalia Kartushina, Marina Kammermeier, Andrew Jessop, Jessica F Hay, Naomi Havron, Erin E Hannon, J Kiley Hamlin, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anja Gampe, Tom Fritzsche, Michael C Frank, Samantha Durrant, Catherine Davies, Cara Cashon, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Veronica Boyce, Alexis K Black, Christina Bergmann, Laura Anderson, Mohammed K Alshakhori, Ali H Al-Hoorie, Angeline S M Tsui
{"title":"Testing the relationship between preferences for infant-directed speech and vocabulary development: A multi-lab study.","authors":"Melanie Soderstrom, Joscelin Rocha-Hidalgo, Luis E Muñoz, Agata Bochynska, Janet F Werker, Barbora Skarabela, Amanda Seidl, Yana Ryjova, Jennifer L Rennels, Christine E Potter, Markus Paulus, Mitsuhiko Ota, Nonah M Olesen, Karli M Nave, Julien Mayor, Alia Martin, Lauren C Machon, Casey Lew-Williams, Eon-Suk Ko, Hyunji Kim, Natalia Kartushina, Marina Kammermeier, Andrew Jessop, Jessica F Hay, Naomi Havron, Erin E Hannon, J Kiley Hamlin, Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez, Anja Gampe, Tom Fritzsche, Michael C Frank, Samantha Durrant, Catherine Davies, Cara Cashon, Krista Byers-Heinlein, Veronica Boyce, Alexis K Black, Christina Bergmann, Laura Anderson, Mohammed K Alshakhori, Ali H Al-Hoorie, Angeline S M Tsui","doi":"10.1017/S0305000924000254","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0305000924000254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From early on, infants show a preference for infant-directed speech (IDS) over adult-directed speech (ADS), and exposure to IDS has been correlated with language outcome measures such as vocabulary. The present multi-laboratory study explores this issue by investigating whether there is a link between early preference for IDS and later vocabulary size. Infants' preference for IDS was tested as part of the ManyBabies 1 project, and follow-up CDI data were collected from a subsample of this dataset at 18 and 24 months. A total of 341 (18 months) and 327 (24 months) infants were tested across 21 laboratories. In neither preregistered analyses with North American and UK English, nor exploratory analyses with a larger sample did we find evidence for a relation between IDS preference and later vocabulary. We discuss implications of this finding in light of recent work suggesting that IDS preference measured in the laboratory has low test-retest reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Language","volume":" ","pages":"984-1009"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preferential use of full glottal stops in vowel-initial glottalization in child speech: Evidence from novel words.","authors":"Gemma Repiso-Puigdelliura","doi":"10.1017/S0305000924000242","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0305000924000242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vowel-initial glottalization constitutes a cue to prosodic prominence, realized on a strength continuum from creaky phonation to complete glottal stops. While there is considerable research on children's early utilization of acoustic cues for stress marking, less is understood about the specific implementation of vowel-initial glottalization in American English. Eight sequences of function + novel words were elicited from groups of 5-to-8-year-olds, 8-to-11-year-olds, and adults. Children exhibit a similar rate of prevocalic glottalization to adults but differ in its phonetic implementation, producing a higher rate of glottal stops compared to creaky phonation with respect to adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":48132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Language","volume":" ","pages":"1213-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irene Cadime, Ana Lúcia Santos, Iolanda Ribeiro, Fernanda Leopoldina Viana, María Teresa Martín-Aragoneses
{"title":"Living the first years in a pandemic: children's linguistic development and related factors in and out of the COVID-19 lockdowns.","authors":"Irene Cadime, Ana Lúcia Santos, Iolanda Ribeiro, Fernanda Leopoldina Viana, María Teresa Martín-Aragoneses","doi":"10.1017/S0305000924000412","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0305000924000412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study provides insights on linguistic development in exceptional circumstances assessing 378 children (between 2;6 and 3;6) who lived their first years during the COVID-19 pandemic and comparing it with normative data collected before this period (<i>CDI-III-PT;</i> Cadime et al., 2021). It investigates the extent to which linguistic development was modulated by a complex set of factors, including sex, maternal education, book reading, language-promoting practices, COVID-19 infection, parental stress and sleeping problems, considering three periods (during lockdowns, out of lockdowns and at present). The results show a substantial negative effect of the pandemic on both lexical and syntactic development. Considering individual variation, structural equation modelling unveiled a complex scenario in which age, sex, book reading, language-promoting practices, sleeping problems and COVID-19 infection showed a direct effect on linguistic development. Maternal education and parental stress had an indirect effect on children's language, mediated by book reading and sleeping problems, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":48132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Language","volume":" ","pages":"1157-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhoneticaPub Date : 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1515/phon-2025-0040
Katie Jonard
{"title":"Reviewing social factors and L2 phonetics and phonology.","authors":"Katie Jonard","doi":"10.1515/phon-2025-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/phon-2025-0040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55608,"journal":{"name":"Phonetica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multilingualism in Southern Africa: Issues and Perspectives","authors":"Yujie Huang, Dennis Fung","doi":"10.1080/13670050.2025.2528963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2025.2528963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47918,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing WritingPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.asw.2025.100975
Hakyung Sung , Mikyung Kim Wolf , Michael Suhan , Kristopher Kyle
{"title":"Lexical richness in young English learners’ writing: A focus on opinion and listen-write task types","authors":"Hakyung Sung , Mikyung Kim Wolf , Michael Suhan , Kristopher Kyle","doi":"10.1016/j.asw.2025.100975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asw.2025.100975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ample research has examined the linguistic characteristics of second language (L2) writing across proficiency scores, with a focus on lexical diversity, sophistication, and density as key dimensions of lexical richness. However, the applicability of these indices to young L2 learners’ writings, often characterized by limited vocabulary and constrained output in standardized writing tasks, remained underexplored. To address this gap, this study analyzed the lexical richness of young L2 learners’ written productions from two TOEFL Junior Writing tasks (Opinion and Listen-Write tasks), using 37 tailored indices of lexical diversity, sophistication, and density. The results indicated that the lexical characteristics of young L2 learners vary by task score and task type, particularly when assessed through indices such as lexical diversity (e.g., moving-average type-token ratio) and sophistication (e.g., n-gram strength of association). Nonetheless, incorporating additional measures, such as syntactic complexity or discourse features, may be essential for distinguishing young L2 learners at higher proficiency levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46865,"journal":{"name":"Assessing Writing","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 100975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Native Chinese readers activate English translations of words during Chinese sentence reading","authors":"Ming Yan, Yue Xi, Yingyi Luo, Jinger Pan","doi":"10.1017/s1366728925100382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728925100382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study tested whether native Chinese (L1) readers whose second language (L2) was English could activate L2 translations of L1 words during L1 sentence reading. Chinese–English bilinguals read Chinese sentences silently, each containing a target word whose parafoveal preview was manipulated. To test cross-language semantic activation, each target word was paired with an identical, an unrelated and a translation-related preview that shared an L2 translation (e.g., 政黨, <span>party</span> as a political group) with the target word (e.g., 派對, <span>party</span> as a social gathering). Compared to the unrelated previews, the translation-related previews induced shorter target-word viewing times, despite no phonological/orthographic overlap. Furthermore, the highly proficient L2 readers showed earlier priming effects than did the average readers. Our results suggest that bilinguals activate lexical representations in both languages automatically and non-selectively, even when the task requires activation of one language only, and that the L2 lexical activation is modulated by L2 proficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roqayeh Enferad, Seyed Mohammad Reza Amirian, Mostafa Azari Noughabi, Peter MacIntyre, Tobias Ringeisen
{"title":"A holistic perspective on the contribution of foreign language peace of mind, enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom to EFL learners’ willingness to communicate: The mediating role of engagement","authors":"Roqayeh Enferad, Seyed Mohammad Reza Amirian, Mostafa Azari Noughabi, Peter MacIntyre, Tobias Ringeisen","doi":"10.1177/13621688251352279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688251352279","url":null,"abstract":"Learners’ foreign language engagement (FLEng) plays a crucial role in language acquisition, yet its mediating influence between learner emotions and willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2) remains underexplored. This study investigates how emotional contexts—including positive emotions such as foreign language peace of mind (FLPoM) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE), as well as negative emotions such as foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and foreign language boredom (FLB)—affect English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ L2 WTC. Utilizing the 3D pyramid model of L2 WTC, we analyzed data from 301 participants who completed six questionnaires. The findings revealed that FLPoM, FLE, FLCA, and FLB did not directly influence L2 WTC. However, learners’ FLEng was found to fully mediate the relationships between both positive and negative emotions and L2 WTC. These results underscore the vital importance of fostering learners’ FLEng in language education, suggesting that enhancing emotional experiences can significantly impact learners’ willingness to communicate in a foreign language.","PeriodicalId":47852,"journal":{"name":"Language Teaching Research","volume":"731 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Careful Observation to Experimental Interpretation: An Introduction","authors":"Karin Hofmeester, Maria Ågren","doi":"10.1017/s0020859025100606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020859025100606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The history of work is marred by the fact that the meaning of “labour” or “work” changed with the arrival of modern society, making it difficult to draw comparisons across time. There has been a shift from understanding work as any activity that may secure continued living and well-being, to seeing it as paid, full-time, specialized employment. This transformation has obscured the work of some groups in society (notably women but also others) and work in the form of multiple employments (which often means multiple labour relations). The methods and sources presented in this Special Theme offer valuable tools for historians seeking to address and navigate these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":46254,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Social History","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical HistoryPub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2025.10018
Dmitry Ezrokhi
{"title":"The lower cavity: the origins and history of an anatomical idea.","authors":"Dmitry Ezrokhi","doi":"10.1017/mdh.2025.10018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2025.10018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines the history of the 'lower cavity' of the gastrointestinal tract, a distinctive anatomical feature in Greco-Roman medicine that described a second stomach-like organ in the large intestine. It traces how a bipartite model of the digestive system emerged in fourth-century bce Greek medical and philosophical thought and persisted in the works of influential figures such as Galen, Vesalius, and Glisson, despite shifts in terminology, anatomical observations, and physiological theories. The study demonstrates that this understanding arose primarily from three complementary factors: a specific terminology that paired the stomach with a lower cavity, systematic animal dissections that revealed pronounced caeca in certain species, and emerging physiological theories that required separate bodily receptacles for digested food and residues. Through this case study, the paper illuminates how premodern anatomical knowledge was articulated by a constant negotiation between animal bodies, human bodies, and past textual authorities, facilitating the surprising longevity of ideas like the 'lower cavity' in the gastrointestinal tract.</p>","PeriodicalId":18275,"journal":{"name":"Medical History","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}