人文科学最新文献

Ethical xenotransplant research on human brain-dead decedents. 对人类脑死亡者进行伦理异种移植研究。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13375

Christopher Bobier

引用次数: 0

Addressing the COVID-induced healthcare backlog: How can we balance the interests of people and nature? 解决 COVID 引起的医疗保健积压问题：如何平衡人与自然的利益？

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13356

Bridget Pratt

{"title":"Addressing the COVID-induced healthcare backlog: How can we balance the interests of people and nature?","authors":"Bridget Pratt","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13356","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13356","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic created healthcare backlogs of routine primary and preventive care, elective procedures, dental care, and mental healthcare appointments across the world. So far, governments are responding by enacting pandemic recovery policies that expand their healthcare sector activity, without much, if any, consideration of its effects on the environmental crisis that is (among other things) worsening human health and health equity. This paper argues that, as a matter of health and social justice, governments have an ethical responsibility to equitably reduce the backlog with minimal environmental damage. To do so, a first key action is to give priority to policy options that minimise negative human impacts on the environment. Yet these policies alone will not be sufficient to address the backlog, particularly in relation to elective procedures. The paper therefore contends that a second key action for governments is to enact the policy options that are best able to equitably reduce the remainder of the backlog, while accelerating the transition to sustainable health care in ways that are best able to reduce the specific environmental costs of those policy options. It concludes by considering whether limits apply to governments' ethical responsibilities that ultimately mean accelerating the transition to sustainable health care is not required when addressing the backlog.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Passive euthanasia? 被动安乐死？

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13358

Miguel H Kottow

引用次数: 0

Accuracy is inaccurate: Why a focus on diagnostic accuracy for medical chatbot AIs will not lead to improved health outcomes. 准确是不准确的：为什么关注医疗聊天机器人人工智能的诊断准确性不会带来更好的医疗效果？

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13365

Stephen R Milford

{"title":"Accuracy is inaccurate: Why a focus on diagnostic accuracy for medical chatbot AIs will not lead to improved health outcomes.","authors":"Stephen R Milford","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13365","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13365","url":null,"abstract":"Since its launch in November 2022, ChatGPT has become a global phenomenon, sparking widespread public interest in chatbot artificial intelligences (AIs) generally. While not approved for medical use, it is capable of passing all three United States medical licensing exams and offers diagnostic accuracy comparable to a human doctor. It seems inevitable that it, and tools like it, are and will be used by the general public to provide medical diagnostic information or treatment plans. Before we are taken in by the promise of a golden age for chatbot medical AIs, it would be wise to consider the implications of using these tools as either supplements to, or substitutes for, human doctors. With the rise of publicly available chatbot AIs, there has been a keen focus on research into the diagnostic accuracy of these tools. This, however, has left a notable gap in our understanding of the implications for health outcomes of these tools. Diagnosis accuracy is only part of good health care. For example, crucial to positive health outcomes is the doctor-patient relationship. This paper challenges the recent focus on diagnostic accuracy by drawing attention to the causal relationship between doctor-patient relationships and health outcomes arguing that chatbot AIs may even hinder outcomes in numerous ways including subtracting the elements of perception and observation that are crucial to clinical consultations. The paper offers brief suggestions to improve chatbot medical AIs so as to positively impact health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"163-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction. 更正。

IF 2.8 1区哲学

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2024.2334736

引用次数: 0

Incorporating implicit bias into research integrity education: Response to 'Why and how to incorporate issues of race/ethnicity and gender in research integrity education'. 将隐性偏见纳入研究诚信教育:对“为什么以及如何将种族/民族和性别问题纳入研究诚信教育”的回应。

IF 2.8 1区哲学

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2247974

Shivatej Dubbaka

引用次数: 0

Extent of publishing in predatory journals by academics in higher education institutions in Zimbabwe: A case study of a university. 津巴布韦高等教育机构的学者在掠夺性期刊上发表文章的程度:一所大学的案例研究。

IF 2.8 1区哲学

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2256672

R M Jingura, J Chigwada, T Diver, D Shangwa

{"title":"Extent of publishing in predatory journals by academics in higher education institutions in Zimbabwe: A case study of a university.","authors":"R M Jingura, J Chigwada, T Diver, D Shangwa","doi":"10.1080/08989621.2023.2256672","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08989621.2023.2256672","url":null,"abstract":"The publish or perish concept requires academics to ensure that they take part in research and publish the research results in academic journals. The emergency of predatory publishers has led to negativity in the scholarly publishing process. Some researchers are unaware that some publishers are unethical. A study was conducted to determine the extent of predatory publishing in Zimbabwe among academics. A survey was carried out using a multi-method approach at a public university in Zimbabwe. Articles published between 2012 and 2022 were retrieved using the Harzing publish or perish software. In total, 977 articles were retrieved, and after data cleaning using Open Refine, 357 records were analyzed using the journal evaluation rubric and scoring sheet to note the extent of predatory publishing among the various schools. The articles were then classified into 3 sections i.e., predatory, not predatory, and borderline. The findings revealed that predatory publishing is prevalent in the social sciences. The authors recommend the importance of training to create awareness about the dangers of predatory publishing and how to avoid them to improve the scholarly output of the institution, which is key to university ranking.","PeriodicalId":50927,"journal":{"name":"Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance","volume":" ","pages":"143-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10205928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are there accurate and legitimate ways to machine-quantify predatoriness, or an urgent need for an automated online tool? 是否有准确和合法的方法来机器量化掠夺性，或者迫切需要一个自动化的在线工具?

IF 2.8 1区哲学

Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2023.2253425

Bor Luen Tang

引用次数: 0

Clinical research vehicles as a modality for medical research education and conduct of decentralized trials, supporting justice, equity, and diversity in research. 临床研究车作为医学研究教育和开展分散试验的一种模式，支持研究的公正、公平和多样性。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13360

Kenneth T Moore

{"title":"Clinical research vehicles as a modality for medical research education and conduct of decentralized trials, supporting justice, equity, and diversity in research.","authors":"Kenneth T Moore","doi":"10.1111/bioe.13360","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bioe.13360","url":null,"abstract":"Current clinical research lacks diversity in those that participate. This lack of diversity is concerning given its importance for successful drug development. The frequency and severity of many diseases, along with the pharmacological properties of therapies, can display significant differences based on patient diversity. A clinical trial population that is more reflective of these differences will help researchers better understand the therapeutic profile of the treatment and provide generalizable knowledge to the medical community. The advent of decentralized clinical trial designs is meant to help address this lack of diversity by using portable digital health technologies and virtual interactions to enhance clinical trial access and broaden participation. By leveraging these technologies, trial conduct can occur at locations other than traditional research sites. This shift in trial location may help address some of the logistical, educational, engagement, and trust barriers that have historically prevented enrollment of diverse populations. However, these types of trials still have limitations. Ethical concerns around justice, equity, and diversity will still exist with decentralized clinical trials, which could be mediated using clinical research vehicles. When utilized, this modality may enhance the scientific design and conduct of clinical trials and better follow these ethical principles. These enhancements and improved ethical direction could be accomplished through increasing community involvement, improving health literacy, supporting more diverse trial sites, creating community-based research footholds, fostering connections with researchers, limiting technical challenges, and preventing data security issues.","PeriodicalId":55379,"journal":{"name":"Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family-making avec emerging technologies and/or non-human animals. 与新兴技术和/或非人类动物建立家庭。

IF 1.7 2区哲学

Bioethics Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13371

Niñoval F Pacaol, Alderf Anthonio T Cabero, Britten Izzy A Ragonot, Alysha Mae A Cajes, Princess Zuemaeyah J Sarsalejo, Ybrahim Jamil B Monge, Jacob Razel D Villaluz, Abishai Andea A Adorna

引用次数: 0