人文科学最新文献

{"title":"Do children treat adjectives and nouns differently as modifiers in prenominal position?","authors":"Gail Moroschan, Elena Nicoladis, Farzaneh Anjomshoae","doi":"10.1017/S0305000924000448","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0305000924000448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Usage-based theories of children's syntactic acquisition (e.g., Tomasello, 2000a) predict that children's abstract lexical categories emerge from their experience with particular words in constructions in their input. Because modifiers in English are almost always prenominal, children might initially treat adjectives similarly to nouns when used in a prenominal position. In this study, we taught English-speaking preschoolers (between 2 and 6 years) novel nouns (object labels) and adjectives (words referring to attributes) in both prenominal and postnominal positions. The children corrected both postnominal adjectives and nouns to prenominal position, but corrected modifying nouns more often than adjectives. These results suggest that children differentiate between nouns and adjectives even when they occur in the same position and serve the same function (i.e., modification). Children were increasingly likely to correct postnominal adjectives (not nouns) with increasing age. We argue that children attend to word order more when it makes a difference in meaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":48132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Language","volume":" ","pages":"1323-1337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Reasons Matter? Navigating Parents' Reasons in Healthcare Decisions for Children.","authors":"Bryanna Moore, Amy Caruso Brown","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2388730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2388730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioethics has dedicated itself to exploring and defending both reasons for and against certain aspects of clinical care, biomedical research and health policy, including what decisions must be made, who should make them, and how they should be made. In pediatrics, it's widely acknowledged that parents' reasons may matter pragmatically; attending to parents' reasons is important if we want to work with families. Yet the conventional view in pediatric ethics is that parents' reasons are irrelevant to whether a decision is permissible or impermissible according to accepted ethical standards. In this paper, we explore whether parents' reasons matter ethically and, if so, in what way and for whom. First, we clarify what we mean by 'reasons.' Second, we provide an overview of how reasons are typically treated in medical decision-making and pediatric ethics. Third, we analyze a hypothetical pediatric case to illustrate how changing reasons can transform ethical analyses, including by contributing to where and how clinicians and ethicists draw the boundaries intrinsic to common pediatric ethical frameworks. We push back against the conventional view and argue that parents' reasons matter ethically in several ways. We call for further research on the role of parents' reasons in clinical ethics deliberation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"6-21"},"PeriodicalIF":20.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substituted Judgment and The Paradigm Case Mistake.","authors":"Daniel Brudney","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2025.2457711","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15265161.2025.2457711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substituted judgment is widely used at the bedside, but the moral value that underpins its use needs examination. I argue that this value is the value of leading an authentic life. I then argue that an authentic life has multiple axes and that patients (like all human beings) vary widely in how they score on these axes. This entails that the moral weight of the value of authenticity in bedside decision-making also varies widely. And that means that, at the bedside, substituted judgment should not be seen as a moral trump. Put differently, when a surrogate must make a bedside decision, the answer to the \"What would the patient choose?\" question should not be morally decisive for that decision. The answer to that question should be a part, but only a part, of a more complex decision-making process.</p>","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":" ","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":20.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Politics to Entertainment: Exploring “News Finds Me” Perceptions Across News Topics","authors":"Afrooz Mosallaei, Luxuan Wang, Katherine Ognyanova","doi":"10.1177/20563051251382442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251382442","url":null,"abstract":"The “News Finds Me” (NFM) perception captures the common belief that one can stay informed without actively seeking news. This study aims to extend previous research by comparing the widely used general NFM measure with topic-specific perceptions of entertainment, sports, politics, COVID-19, and climate change news. We assess the strength, predictors, and outcomes of NFM perceptions across those different thematic domains. Our findings show that NFM perceptions are stronger for soft news (entertainment and sports) compared to hard news (politics, COVID-19, climate change). In addition, interest in a news topic is associated with lower NFM perceptions for hard news and higher perceptions for soft news. While the traditional NFM measure reflects “News Finds Me” perceptions in politics and COVID-19 well, it is not as effective in capturing perceptions of climate change and soft news. Our results emphasize the need to explore different news genres to better understand news consumption beliefs and behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do Healthy Political Discussions Invigorate Online Participation? Evidence from 17 European Countries","authors":"Laia Castro, Yannis Theocharis, Agnieszka Stępińska, David Nicolas Hopmann, Christian Schemer, Toril Aalberg, Ana Sofia Cardenal, Nicoleta Corbu, Claes de Vreese, Frank Esser, Karolina Koc-Michalska, Jörg Matthes, Tamir Sheafer, Sergio Splendore, James Stanyer, Jesper Strömbäck, Václav Štětka, Peter Van Aelst, Alon Zoizner","doi":"10.1177/20563051251350978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251350978","url":null,"abstract":"Social media provide unprecedented opportunities for public deliberation. However, a growing number of users perceive negativity in political debate taking place in those venues and are increasingly frustrated when discussing politics with those they disagree with. In this article, we test the proposition that perceiving online discussions as <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">healthier</jats:italic> (i.e. more polite and civil) than offline discussions invigorates online political participation. We rely on an online survey fielded in 17 European countries on more than 28,000 individuals. Our findings indicate that being embedded in healthier discussions on social media is more of an important predictor of online participation for those respondents reporting higher political discussion fatigue and less so for those perceiving online discussions as fun. Overall, our study offers cross-national evidence of why and for whom exposure to healthy political discussions online might be mobilizing.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating autistic empathy: phenomenological perspectives and debates.","authors":"Junguo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11019-025-10303-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-025-10303-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper re-examines phenomenological accounts of autism in light of the double empathy theory. I fully endorse the compelling critique by contemporary phenomenologists such as Gallagher, Fuchs, and Zahavi of the Theory of Mind framework, as they ground autistic social difficulties in impairments of primary and secondary intersubjectivity. However, their analyses tend to underemphasize or overlook the reciprocal structure of empathy, an aspect that is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of autistic-allistic social interactions. This omission has been rightly criticized by proponents of the double empathy theory, such as Rizzo and Ekdahl, who emphasize that social breakdowns between autistic and allistic individuals are bidirectional. Drawing on Husserl's classical phenomenology of empathy, I argue that a deeper phenomenological understanding reveals empathy to be inherently reciprocal and co-constituted. Thus, Husserlian phenomenology not only aligns with the core insights of the double empathy theory but also offers a conceptual foundation for rethinking autistic experience beyond unidirectional deficit models.</p>","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145313720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TikToking the Israel-Gaza War: A Content Analysis of Peace and War Narratives in Audiovisual News","authors":"Shahira S. Fahmy, Laila Abbas, Aliaa K. ElShabassy","doi":"10.1080/21670811.2025.2574931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2025.2574931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11166,"journal":{"name":"Digital Journalism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing companion open access journals to their traditional journal counterparts.","authors":"Alexander Pohlman, Ayham M Odeh, Shawn M Purnell, Layan Alrahmani, Shanda H Blackmon, Julia M Coughlin, Zaid M Abdelsattar","doi":"10.1080/08989621.2025.2575211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2025.2575211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many traditional journals have launched companion open access (cOA) journals with similar scope and aims. These journals seek better article dissemination through removal of the paywall and use of article processing charges (APCs). Traditional journals often suggest transfer to their cOA journal, leaving authors with a decision to accept transfer and pay an APC or resubmit elsewhere. We aim to compare costs and impact of these journals to better inform authors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The top 15 U.S.-based traditional journals within medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and OB/GYN were identified based on 2023 impact factor. Those with cOA journals were included, and all publication data between 2011 and 2023 were extracted. Citation counts were compared using Poisson regression; author demographics were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 14 traditional journals with cOA counterparts, constituting 52,232 publications from 36,577 authors. cOA articles had half the citations of traditional publications (9.4 vs 18.2) and collected an estimated $35 million in APCs. Female and low/middle income country (LMIC) authors were more likely to publish in cOA journals (aOR = 1.23, 1.14, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Authors publishing in companion open access journals incur higher publication costs, and yet, receive fewer citations per publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":50927,"journal":{"name":"Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “How to Spark Joy: Strategies of Depoliticization in Platform’s Corporate Social Initiatives”","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/20563051251392686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251392686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating face-to-face instruction and asynchronous communication to foster community of inquiry in English learning","authors":"Fumiya Shinozaki","doi":"10.1177/13621688251368642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688251368642","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how learners’ English proficiency and individual difference factors (international posture, willingness to communicate, motivation, social presence) change, and how a small community develops, through an English course designed using the Community of Inquiry framework. Conducted over eight sessions at a university in Japan, the study involved 26 students who provided complete data for analysis. The main activities included two in-class group presentations and one individual video presentation via Google Chat. Pre- and post-tests on speaking proficiency and surveys on individual differences were administered. Reflection sheets were also collected after each activity. A paired <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t</jats:italic> -test was used for the former, and SCAT (Steps for Coding and Theorization) was employed for the latter, followed by coding. Results showed that both face-to-face and asynchronous activities via Google Chat contributed to improvements in English expression, particularly international posture, willingness to communicate, and active social presence. The findings suggest that intentional efforts by instructors to enhance individual difference factors in both settings can boost student participation and support the development of balanced communication skills, integrating both expression and receptivity. Additionally, the community development process was outlined in seven stages. Early self-introductions and exchanges established trust and mutual understanding, while role assignment and task management within groups promoted cooperation and efficiency. Sharing progress and exchanging feedback maintained communication, with informal interactions strengthening relationships and collaboration. Lastly, reflecting on tasks deepened learning and increased awareness for future improvements. In conclusion, this study highlights the effectiveness of combining face-to-face and asynchronous communication in improving language proficiency and building a strong learning community. It suggests that by intentionally enhancing individual difference factors, such as international posture, willingness to communicate, and social presence, instructors can increase student engagement and promote better learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47852,"journal":{"name":"Language Teaching Research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}