IF 2.7 1区历史学

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory Pub Date : 2027-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10816-026-09821-0

Eljas Oksanen, Andrew Bevan, Andrew Carter

{"title":"Continuity and Discontinuity in Artefact Distributions from Multi-Period Archaeological Sites.","authors":"Eljas Oksanen, Andrew Bevan, Andrew Carter","doi":"10.1007/s10816-026-09821-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10816-026-09821-0","url":null,"abstract":"Artefact finds recovered by metal detecting and reported by members of the public are a growing source of archaeological information, with over 1.2 million finds recorded to date by the Portable Antiquities Scheme in England and Wales. Heritage schemes in many other European countries where hobby detecting for archaeology is legal likewise report growing numbers of finds. Using point pattern analysis, this paper presents a worked-out set of computational methods to study diachronic processes within artefact assemblages at field or local (e.g. parish) levels. We present a simulated 'toy' example to illustrate the methodology and test it with two large artefact assemblages from the counties of North Yorkshire and Norfolk that differ in terms of finds record quality and known contextual archaeological landscape information. The proposed approach and example code can be reapplied to other archaeological point patterns. It formalises a spatial statistical workflow that produces an assessment regarding landscape persistence and reuse, and which can be used, for example, to assist fieldwork or planning decisions by identifying areas for further research. The case studies highlight the considerable need for formal analytical workflows in public finds research, which can be easily deployed at different sites and local assemblages. Moreover, while the proposed workflow has been designed with public finds scatters in mind, it is scale-agnostic and can be reapplied to investigate a range of archaeological phenomena from monument distributions across a larger region to investigating artefact scatters within an excavated area.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-026-09821-0.","PeriodicalId":47725,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory","volume":"34 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fogarty-Funded Research Ethics Training Programs in Eastern Europe. 福格蒂资助的东欧研究伦理培训项目。

IF 1.7 4区哲学

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/15562646251332709

Emily E Anderson, Horatiu A Colosi, Ivanka Markovic, Oksana Sulaieva, Vladyslava Kachkovska, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Rosamond Rhodes

{"title":"Fogarty-Funded Research Ethics Training Programs in Eastern Europe.","authors":"Emily E Anderson, Horatiu A Colosi, Ivanka Markovic, Oksana Sulaieva, Vladyslava Kachkovska, Vida Jeremic Stojkovic, Rosamond Rhodes","doi":"10.1177/15562646251332709","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646251332709","url":null,"abstract":"Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Eastern Europe are attractive to global companies as sites for clinical trials, but there are gaps in research oversight and limited in-country expertise in research ethics, raising concerns that research participants may be at risk of exploitation and harm. Three NIH Fogarty International Center-funded research ethics training programs in Eastern Europe address these gaps, developed by partnerships between: the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS) in New York and the Medical Faculty at the University of Belgrade in Serbia; ISMMS and the Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania; and Ukrainian Catholic University in Lviv, Ukraine, and Loyola University Chicago. Here we provide an overview of the health systems and research activity in the region as well as the rationales, aims, accomplishments, and future needs of these Master's (Serbia and Romania) and doctoral-level (Ukraine) research ethics training programs.","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"576-587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The algorithmic covenant: why AI-driven consent must not replace clinician responsibility. 算法契约：为什么人工智能驱动的同意不能取代临床医生的责任。

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-026-10376-w

Kiran S Joshi

{"title":"The algorithmic covenant: why AI-driven consent must not replace clinician responsibility.","authors":"Kiran S Joshi","doi":"10.1007/s11019-026-10376-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-026-10376-w","url":null,"abstract":"Health systems are increasingly deploying artificial intelligence (AI) tools to deliver procedural information, generate documentation, and support patient-facing \"consent\" workflows. Although such tools may improve aspects of an already deficient consent process, they create a risk of substitution: treating algorithm-mediated disclosure as ethically equivalent to clinician-led dialogue. This paper performs a conceptual analysis of the \"algorithmic covenant\" - the implicit expectation that automation will preserve the moral commitments of care. It draws on legal standards of material risk, sociotechnical scholarship on \"moral crumple zones\", and the tension between managerial and professional ethics. Current AI deployments risk facilitating \"responsibility laundering.\" By prioritising system-level efficiency, institutions may use AI to standardise disclosure while leaving individual clinicians to absorb blame and legal risk for the resulting compliance artefact. This creates a misaligned responsibility structure where the institution controls the content, but the clinician bears the risk, potentially degrading consent into a digitised tick-box exercise. To preserve the ethical integrity of informed consent, AI must be governed strictly as an assistive technology. Policy and workflow design must explicitly assign responsibility for verifying patient understanding to named clinicians, ensuring that automation supports - rather than displaces - the clinician's non-delegable ethical responsibility for informed consent.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"887-894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148392026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic reification and the conservativity test: a pragmatic criterion for ontological commitments in medicine. 诊断具体化与保守性检验：医学本体论承诺的语用标准。

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-026-10390-y

Justus Maria Prinz, Christian Prinz

{"title":"Diagnostic reification and the conservativity test: a pragmatic criterion for ontological commitments in medicine.","authors":"Justus Maria Prinz, Christian Prinz","doi":"10.1007/s11019-026-10390-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-026-10390-y","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosis is indispensable to medicine, yet diagnostic labels often acquire more authority than their evidence can bear. They come to function as if they named natural entities that explain, authorize, and stabilize clinical action. This article proposes a pragmatic criterion for evaluating that ontological surplus: the Conservativity Test. The test asks which clinical, institutional, explanatory, and self-interpretive consequences follow from treating a diagnostic label as a disease entity, but would not already follow from a label-free base description of symptoms, signs, impairments, risks, mechanisms, values, and lived experience. It does not presuppose that diagnoses are either natural kinds or mere social constructions. Rather, it distinguishes conservative shorthand, justified non-conservativity, and reifying non-conservativity. To avoid circularity, the article develops a minimal-ontological account of base description and connects it with pluralist realism and causal-cluster accounts of kinds. Situating the test within the epistemology of diagnosis, it treats diagnostic labels as revisable causal-explanatory hypotheses and spells out why unjustified ontological surplus carries epistemic, clinical, ethical, and institutional costs. It then identifies four modes of diagnostic reification: explanatory, threshold, nominal-institutional, and looping. Prediabetes, ADHD, and long COVID serve as stress tests for the framework. Phenomenologically, the test protects the lived complexity of illness against both objectifying reduction and epistemic dismissal. Ethically, it offers a participatory audit for clinicians, guideline panels, researchers, and patient communities deciding when diagnostic names should coordinate care, justify intervention, or carry stronger ontological commitments.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"1067-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A reply to "Fundamental issues in epistemic injustice in healthcare" by Nielsen, Nordgaard & Henriksen (2025) : Corresponding author. 对Nielsen， Nordgaard & Henriksen（2025）的“医疗保健中认知不公正的基本问题”的回复：通讯作者。

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-026-10392-w

Eleanor A Byrne, Havi Carel, Fred Cooper, Dan Degerman, Alice Monypenny, Matthew Broome

引用次数: 0

Hope, fertility, and the ethics of clinical discernment: a personalist supplement to ethical decision-making in gynecological practice. 希望、生育和临床辨别力的伦理：妇科实践中伦理决策的个人主义补充。

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-026-10379-7

John Mary Francis M Nuqui, Keycee L Duarte

{"title":"Hope, fertility, and the ethics of clinical discernment: a personalist supplement to ethical decision-making in gynecological practice.","authors":"John Mary Francis M Nuqui, Keycee L Duarte","doi":"10.1007/s11019-026-10379-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-026-10379-7","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines gynecological decision-making in clinical contexts where interventions carry significant implications for fertility and future reproductive possibilities. Conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and ovarian cysts are commonly managed through treatments that differ in their potential impact on reproductive capacity, introducing an ethical dimension beyond immediate symptom management. This proposes a theological-bioethical framework of clinical discernment as a conceptual supplement to shared decision-making in reproductive healthcare. Drawing primarily on Karol Wojtyla's personalist philosophy, it advances an account of the human person as an irreducible moral subject whose embodied life carries existential and relational significance. Clinical discernment is understood as a structured ethical orientation that enhances standard biomedical reasoning by integrating attention to value-laden dimensions of fertility-related care. The framework articulates hope as an ethically relevant category referring to the openness of the patient's future possibilities, and fertility as a dimension of embodied personhood with relational meaning beyond biological function. On this basis, the article outlines a fertility-sensitive approach to gynecological care emphasizing proportionality in intervention, clarity and responsibility in risk communication, and holistic patient accompaniment. The paper concludes that integrating clinical discernment into gynecological decision-making offers a philosophically and theologically grounded enrichment of contemporary reproductive healthcare by aligning biomedical practice with a personalist account of moral agency, embodied dignity, and future-oriented care.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"1111-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indigenous medical knowledge and its encounter with Western medicine in colonial India. 印度殖民地的本土医学知识及其与西方医学的相遇。

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-026-10391-x

Lakshmi Kanta Das

引用次数: 0

A symbolic reading of therapeutic transition: a theoretical reflection on embodiment, meaning, and change. 对治疗过渡的象征性解读：对体现、意义和变化的理论反思。

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-026-10394-8

Federica Marino

{"title":"A symbolic reading of therapeutic transition: a theoretical reflection on embodiment, meaning, and change.","authors":"Federica Marino","doi":"10.1007/s11019-026-10394-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-026-10394-8","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic transition is commonly framed within biomedical discourse as an instrumental modification aimed at optimizing clinical outcomes. While this perspective is indispensable for clinical decision-making, it captures only a limited dimension of what therapeutic change entails. This article proposes a symbolic-theoretical framework for understanding therapeutic transition as a meaningful reconfiguration of embodied experience rather than as a purely technical adjustment. Drawing on phenomenology, medical anthropology, narrative theory, and medical humanities, the paper reconceptualizes the body as an interpretative field through which therapeutic change is lived, negotiated, and integrated into personal identity. It argues that symbolic interpretation is not an optional supplement to biomedical explanation, but a structural necessity for articulating dimensions of therapeutic experience that resist outcome-based evaluation. On this basis, the article identifies a symbolic architecture of therapeutic transition composed of modulation, regulation, suspension, and persistence. These dimensions do not describe stages or trajectories, but recurring structural patterns through which change is experienced. Their configuration reveals the inherently asymmetrical and partial nature of therapeutic transformation, challenging totalizing models of healing. By foregrounding asymmetry, limits, and finitude, the paper reframes therapeutic transition as a process of meaningful adjustment rather than comprehensive resolution. It argues that attention to symbolic frameworks enriches medical understanding by clarifying the human limits within which therapeutic intervention operates, without opposing empirical medicine or undermining its epistemic authority.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"1139-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148921454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Research Ethics Capacity in Asia: Fogarty International Center Supported Initiatives in India, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Pakistan. 加强亚洲的研究伦理能力：福格蒂国际中心支持印度、马来西亚、缅甸和巴基斯坦的项目。

IF 1.7 4区哲学

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/15562646251323133

Nishakanthi Gopalan, Robyna Irshad Khan, Henry J Silverman, Jeremy Sugarman, Vina Vaswani

{"title":"Enhancing Research Ethics Capacity in Asia: Fogarty International Center Supported Initiatives in India, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Pakistan.","authors":"Nishakanthi Gopalan, Robyna Irshad Khan, Henry J Silverman, Jeremy Sugarman, Vina Vaswani","doi":"10.1177/15562646251323133","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15562646251323133","url":null,"abstract":"Several Asian countries, including India, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Pakistan, face challenges aligning rapid healthcare and biomedical research growth with necessary ethics oversight. To help address this, the Fogarty International Center of the United States National Institutes of Health funded initiatives to enhance research ethics capacities in these countries. In India, the Yenepoya University's Master's in Research Ethics program was established in collaboration with Monash University. In Malaysia, the Master of Health Research Ethics (MOHRE) program, based at Universiti Malaya, was developed in collaboration with the Johns Hopkins University. In Myanmar, a Diploma in Research Methodology and Research Ethics (DipRMRE) was introduced in cooperation with the University of Maryland Baltimore. In Pakistan, a Master of Bioethics (MBE) program was designed to address the country's unique ethical challenges in healthcare and research. Graduates from these programs have significantly contributed to health research and policy, enhancing research ethics infrastructure across these diverse Asian countries.","PeriodicalId":50211,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"588-599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epistemic disadvantage and therapeutic asymmetry in psychiatric care. 精神科护理中的认知劣势与治疗不对称。

IF 3.6 2区哲学

Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2026-12-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-026-10378-8

Christophe Gauld, Pauline Espi

{"title":"Epistemic disadvantage and therapeutic asymmetry in psychiatric care.","authors":"Christophe Gauld, Pauline Espi","doi":"10.1007/s11019-026-10378-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11019-026-10378-8","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent commentary, Alcalay argues that the concept of epistemic disadvantage provides a useful framework for understanding forms of epistemic harm that may arise even in the absence of epistemic injustice. We agree that this concept identifies an important category of harms associated with warranted asymmetries of expertise and offers valuable insights into both clinical and nosological practices. However, we suggest that, in some clinical situations, clinicians may intentionally maintain interpretative distance from a patient's explicit narrative while fully recognizing its sincerity, meaning, and experiential value. We argue that psychiatric care frequently involves what we call therapeutic asymmetry, i.e., situations in which interpretative distance forms part of the therapeutic process itself. Using examples based on suicidality, loyalty conflicts, mania and AI sycophancy, we aim to show that clinicians may sometimes refrain from accepting patient narratives at face value because suffering can affect capacities for self-understanding, self-deliberation and decision-making. Therapeutic asymmetry highlights the role of alterity, interpretation, and clinical judgment in situations where patients seek assistance precisely because they struggle to understand, interpret, or transform aspects of their own experience.","PeriodicalId":47449,"journal":{"name":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy","volume":" ","pages":"1193-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148399589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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