{"title":"Conducting reanalysis-based secondary qualitative data analysis in language learning research","authors":"Shotaro Ueno, Yohei Nakanishi, Osamu Takeuchi","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126102022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126102022","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary research, such as meta-analyses, has become a crucial research approach across various fields, including second and foreign language (hereafter L2) research. However, the application of secondary data analysis to qualitative data in L2 research remains limited. In this article, we aim to contribute to this underexplored area of L2 research by discussing the potential of secondary qualitative data analysis, with a particular focus on reanalysis-based secondary qualitative data analysis. We first provide an overview of open science and an introduction to the concept of secondary research. Then, we introduce a framework for conducting reanalysis-based secondary qualitative data analysis by using the actual dataset from Sunardi et al., (2025) as an illustrative example. The framework includes (a) clarifying research goals and plans, (b) preregistering the research, (c) conducting the analysis, and (d) presenting and reflecting on the results. The proposed framework integrates existing research and serves as an initial model for the secondary qualitative analysis of reanalyzed data. It aims to encourage further research into this approach as a valuable methodological avenue for advancing second language acquisition research.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validating the theory-informed Tests of Aptitude for Language Learning (TALL) as predictors of L2 proficiency: Initial evidence from multiple regression analyses","authors":"Junlan Pan, Emma Marsden","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126101995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126101995","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Tests of Aptitude for Language Learning</jats:italic> (TALL) is a newly developed battery for L1 Chinese speakers that operationalizes language aptitude based on the early stages of Skehan’s (2016) Stages Approach through parallel aural and written suites. Each suite comprises subtests measuring associative memory, phonetic coding ability, language analytic ability, phonological short-term memory, and executive function of working memory. Using openly available data, this study examined TALL’s predictive validity through multiple regression analyses. Results from 165 L1-Chinese L2-English learners showed that the composite scores on the aural and written suites accounted for 12.5% and 13.1% of the variance in L2 proficiency, respectively. Models based on individual subtest scores accounted for 17.0% of the variance in L2 proficiency in the aural suite and 19.7% in the written suite. Dominance analyses identified language analytic and phonetic coding abilities as the strongest predictors, whereas other components contributed minimally. These findings provide initial evidence that TALL scores predict L2 proficiency. The study also offers a replicable procedure to facilitate further validation of this new battery. (Received 4 November 2025; revised 7 June 2026; accepted 6 August 2026) Keywords: aptitude battery; language aptitude; predictive validity","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A dialogue on Open Research and qualitative scholarship in SLA","authors":"Aline Godfroid, Peter I. De Costa","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126101922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126101922","url":null,"abstract":"This critical dialogue examines how Open Research (OR) principles intersect with qualitative epistemologies in second language acquisition. Drawing on our distinct positionalities—Author 1 as a quantitatively trained psycholinguist and Author 2 as a qualitative critical applied linguist from the Global South—we explore both tensions and points of convergence across paradigms. While the OR movement has been shaped by concerns about replicability, we argue that trustworthiness in qualitative research rests on practices such as reflexivity, member checking, audit trails, and relational ethics. OR tools such as preregistration and public repositories offer qualitative researchers new ways to document and communicate their analytic decisions, but adaptation cannot be treated as their responsibility alone. If OR is to engage qualitative epistemologies meaningfully, the movement itself must also adapt by broadening its assumptions about evidence, accountability, transparency, and the desirability of unrestricted public availability of information. We argue for context-sensitive approaches that make decision-making processes visible without imposing uniform standards across methodological traditions.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149093207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated measurement of complexity, accuracy, and fluency indices for Korean language data","authors":"Haerim Hwang","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126102009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126102009","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces K-text, a website designed to measure Korean language proficiency from second language writing and speech data through 20 complexity, accuracy, and fluency indices using natural language processing. A key advantage of K-text is its ability to measure accuracy and fluency in addition to complexity. To test the 20 indices’ preliminary validity, this study investigates whether they can predict overall criterion-based Korean proficiency from 1 to 6 (equivalent to A1 to C2) when they are used to analyze 45,855 second language learners’ essays from the Korean Learner Corpus. The findings show that all of the individual K-text indices are significant predictors of overall Korean proficiency. Together, the 20 indices accounted for 44.50% of the variation observed in proficiency scores. These results suggest that K-text is a valuable resource for analyzing Korean language production data in relation to overall proficiency.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical examination of the relationship between explicit and implicit knowledge and language teaching","authors":"Yu Tamura, Junya Fukuta","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126101946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126101946","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a critical perspective on the implicit/explicit knowledge (IE) distinction in second language acquisition (SLA) research, with particular attention to the conceptual and methodological problems that arise when this distinction is applied to language teaching. First, the IE framework exhibits systematic measurement instability: individual tasks are extracted from test batteries without independent validation; factorial separation may reflect methodological artifacts, and researchers disagree on which tasks measure which knowledge types. These patterns suggest that the distinction functions as a formative rather than a reflective construct. Second, intervention studies face a measurement-pedagogy dilemma: measures with strong construct validity are ecologically distant from classroom performance, while ecologically valid measures cannot reliably isolate implicit knowledge. Although the IE framework does not support a realist cognitive explanation, it can still be used instrumentally. Despite these limitations, we offer minimal conditional principles for those who choose to employ it.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"177 1","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relationship between self-determination theory–based L2 motivation and L2 achievement: A multilevel meta-analysis","authors":"Yan Jiang, Xinyao Wang, W. L. Quint Oga-Baldwin","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126101958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126101958","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, self-determination theory (SDT) has been widely applied in second language (L2) motivation research. The present study employed a multilevel meta-analysis to examine the direction and magnitude of the relationship between SDT-based L2 motivation and L2 achievement. We systematically searched ten English databases and pooled the data using random-effects models. A total of 74 eligible studies involving 220 estimates were included in the analyses. The results showed that both intrinsic motivation ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = .318, p < .001) and extrinsic motivation ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = .166, p < .001) were significantly and positively correlated with L2 achievement. Two autonomous dimensions of extrinsic motivation—integrated regulation ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> =. 248, p < .001) and identified regulation ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = .190, p < .001)—were positively related with L2 achievement, whereas controlled dimensions—introjected regulation ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = .006, p = .866) and external regulation ( <jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = .010, p = .781)—were not. The aggregated associations between intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and L2 achievement were moderated by learning context and teaching mode. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The ethical work of openness in qualitative L2 research","authors":"Anna Becker, Luis Javier Pentón Herrera","doi":"10.1017/s027226312610196x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s027226312610196x","url":null,"abstract":"Open scholarship (OS) is increasingly visible in second language acquisition (SLA) and applied linguistics as a means of supporting transparency, rigor, accountability, and knowledge sharing. In qualitative L2 research, however, the ethical implications of openness depend on context, participants, data type, and conditions of circulation. This critical commentary argues that responsible openness is best understood as circulation ethics, or the ethical reasoning required when qualitative materials move across languages, infrastructures, audiences, and political conditions. Drawing on two vignettes, one involving an externally funded fellowship with Ukrainian refugees in Poland and another involving research connected to Cuba, we distinguish broader qualitative research ethics from concerns generated or intensified by OS. We then develop a relational and CARE-informed framework for evaluating decisions about openness, including decisions to limit, delay, control, or refuse access. Refusal is accountable when it is documented and reasoned, not when it is simply asserted. The commentary proposes an ethical access statement and a decision framework for documenting access decisions related to consent, translation, contextual detail, risk, reuse, and institutional support. We argue that qualitative L2 research can contribute to OS by shifting evaluation from the quantity of materials made public to the accountability of the decisions that govern circulation. Responsible openness requires shared support among researchers, institutions, funders, journals, and reviewers.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sharing transparently: Caring for trustworthiness in qualitative data analysis in L2 research","authors":"Reza Rezvani, A. Mehdi Riazi","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126101934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126101934","url":null,"abstract":"The Open Science (OS) movement promotes transparency across the research process. This study examines how transparently qualitative data analysis is reported in second language (L2) research, where unclear methods can undermine trustworthiness. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of 50 empirical articles, randomly sampled from the ten highest-ranked L2 journals (based on a combined SJR/JCR index) published between 2021 and 2025. Using Chenail’s (2009) triadic framework, we analyzed how authors (1) conceptually present their methodologies, (2) operationally describe data-analytic procedures, and (3) contextualize their methods within relevant literature. Findings reveal a substantial “transparency gap”: most studies label their methods (e.g., thematic or content analysis) yet provide limited epistemological justification, sparse detail on multi-author collaboration—the “collaboration black box”—and frequent, poorly explained methodological “mash-ups.” We argue for stronger methodological accountability by researchers, instructors, and journal gatekeepers to better align L2 qualitative research with core OS principles.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding the tipping point","authors":"Renato Pavlekovic, Karen Roehr-Brackin","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126101880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126101880","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests that the role of language aptitude and working memory in L2 learning is dependent on learners’ overall level of L2 proficiency—a construct typically operationalized in terms of categories. In the present study, we investigated the moderating role of proficiency operationalized as a continuous variable, with a view to identifying the precise tipping point at which the role of specific cognitive abilities changes from facilitative to neutral, or vice versa. L1 Croatian participants ( <jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 83) completed the LLAMA aptitude test suite, a serial reaction time task, and measures of phonological and executive working memory, as well as outcome measures focusing on selected L2 English morphosyntactic structures: a self-paced reading task, oral elicited imitation, and gap-fill tests. L2 proficiency was operationalized as speaking skill in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Multilevel modeling confirmed the predictive power of explicit and implicit aptitude and working memory for L2 knowledge of the target structures. Proficiency was identified as a moderator: beneficial effects of explicit aptitude decreased significantly as proficiency increased, while the facilitative effects of implicit aptitude came to the fore, though nonsignificantly. Crucially, we identified the exact point on the proficiency continuum at which explicit aptitude loses its significant positive impact.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148964248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring new measures of accuracy in second language task-based spoken performance","authors":"Peter Skehan, Zhan Wang","doi":"10.1017/s0272263126101892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0272263126101892","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses upon the measurement of accuracy in second-language task-based spoken performance, with measures related to unit of analysis, error gravity, and accuracy linked to clause length. Building on established indices, three new measures of accuracy, all linked to clause length, are described. In addition, variations in an error gravity formula are also used. The measures, both established and new, are trialed with an existing dataset from a study exploring planning effects on second language narrative performance. A range of established measures is shown to generate appreciable effect sizes with this dataset. The newly developed measures also work well, as do alternative error gravity formulae. The new length-accuracy measures also seem sufficiently distinct from measures of language complexity. We discuss the implications of these findings for measuring accuracy in task-based spoken language performance, as well as the relevance of the new measures for theoretical accounts of second language performance.","PeriodicalId":22008,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}