生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Higher competition intensified tree mortality in natural Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla forests in Northeast China","authors":"Xuehan Zhao,&nbsp;Fengri Li,&nbsp;Yuanshuo Hao,&nbsp;Qianbei Li,&nbsp;Zheng Miao,&nbsp;Lihu Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02663-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02663-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tree mortality is a crucial ecological process that is strongly linked to dynamic changes in vegetation and ecosystem function. Given that global climate change increases the risk of mortality, understanding the specific causes that lead to tree mortality at the local level is crucial. However, the contributions of factors explaining tree mortality patterns of Dahurian larch (<i>Larix gmelinii</i>) and White birch (<i>Betula platyphylla</i>) need exploration. Based on comprehensive tree census data (2010–2015) from a fully mapped 0.06-hectare permanent forest dynamics plot in the Da Xing’an Mountains, Northeast China, encompassing 32,565 individual trees, we classified forest stands into three distinct forest types according to species composition: mixed birch and larch forest, pure larch forest, and pure birch forest. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the effects of the factors influencing the mortality of birch and larch in mixed and pure forests. Our research indicates that (1) competition is typically the primary cause of tree mortality. For the two main tree species, birch mortality shows greater sensitivity to increased conspecific competition, whereas larch mortality is more affected by higher hetero-specific competition. (2) For different stand types, species diversity had a more negative effect on the mortality of the two tree species in the mixed forest than in the pure forest. (3) Larch and birch mortality with varying tree diameter classes are found in different stands, and the significance of the factors influencing tree mortality patterns varies significantly. Our research demonstrated significant differences in the relative importance of variables driving tree mortality between pure and mixed forests and emphasized the role of both conspecific and hetero-specific competition in tree mortality. These results offer crucial insights for future studies on forest management in this area and improve our comprehension of the factors leading to individual tree mortality in natural secondary forests in cold temperate zones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoselenium application improves post-harvest fruit quality and disease resistance in tomato","authors":"Xiaoqing He,&nbsp;Shiyu Ying,&nbsp;Yi Xu,&nbsp;Zhuo Gao,&nbsp;Yi Wu,&nbsp;Mingchun Liu,&nbsp;Mengbo Wu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70432","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fruits constitute a vital component of a nutritious diet but are highly perishable, contributing substantially to food waste. Consequently, identifying safe and edible biological agents to enhance product quality and extend shelf life is of critical importance. In this study, we demonstrate that exogenous pre-harvest foliar application with nanoselenium (nano-Se) in tomato enhances fruit quality, prolongs fruit shelf life, and enhances the resistance of tomato fruit to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> infection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed coordinated upregulation of genes associated with quality maintenance and modulation of phytohormone-related pathways. Notably, nano-Se treatment induced expression patterns of ripening-related genes that resembled those triggered by ethylene (ET) but were antagonistic to the effects of 1-MCP. We further demonstrated that although <i>SlMYC2</i> knockout increased susceptibility to <i>B. cinerea</i>, nano-Se application restored resistance in a manner independent of the SlMYC2-associated jasmonic acid signaling pathway, implicating ET as the primary regulatory mechanism. Collectively, these findings support nano-Se as a promising biostimulant for reducing post-harvest losses while preserving the nutritional and sensory quality of tomato fruits.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABERRANT CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING 1 modulates sucrose allocation by regulating cell wall formation in rice","authors":"Wenqiang Shen,&nbsp;Zan Xiao,&nbsp;Ziyu Xie,&nbsp;Cheng Qin,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Zhu,&nbsp;Ting Zhang,&nbsp;Nan Wang,&nbsp;Yunfeng Li,&nbsp;Xianchun Sang,&nbsp;Yinghua Ling,&nbsp;Guanghua He","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70430","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sucrose (Suc) is transported from source leaves to sink tissues to sustain plant growth, development, and crop yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carbohydrate partitioning still remain largely unclear. Here, we report a rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) mutant <i>aberrant carbohydrate partitioning 1</i> (<i>acp1</i>), which hyperaccumulates carbohydrates in leaves and exhibits leaf chlorosis and premature senescence. <i>ACP1</i> encodes a novel protein that contains two conserved domains of unknown function, DUF4220 and DUF594. Subcellular localization in rice and tobacco showed that ACP1 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. In situ expression analysis showed that <i>ACP1</i> was mainly expressed in vascular bundles. Dye and sugar export experiments suggested that sugar trafficking through vascular tissues was impaired in the <i>acp1</i> mutant. The <i>acp1</i> mutant exhibits a significant cellulose deficiency in its leaves. Transmission electron microscopy experiments found that the abnormal cell wall ultrastructure in <i>acp1</i>. Furthermore, turgor pressure in source leaves of <i>acp1</i> decreased compared with WT. Together, these results suggest that <i>ACP1</i> plays a critical role in the partitioning of carbohydrates by regulating cell wall formation, which in turn affects the overall carbohydrate distribution and plant physiology.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The small nucleolar RNA NON-CODING RNA 1 negatively regulates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Liangliang Li,&nbsp;Xianpeng Yang,&nbsp;Haodong Huang,&nbsp;Chenbo Zhu,&nbsp;Minghui Xing,&nbsp;Kaixin Yang,&nbsp;Xiaofan Nie,&nbsp;Jiahe Fu,&nbsp;Mingming Wang,&nbsp;Zhengwei Liang,&nbsp;Shiyou Lü,&nbsp;Weiqiang Qian,&nbsp;Lam-Son Phan Tran,&nbsp;Xiaojian Yin,&nbsp;Weiqiang Li","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70428","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) function in ribosome biogenesis, and many ribosome biogenesis-related genes were downregulated by osmotic stress, implying a negative role of snoRNAs in drought tolerance. A snoRNA, namely, the <i>NON-CODING RNA 1</i> (<i>NCR1</i>) was studied for its roles in drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. In comparison with wild-type (WT) plants, the loss-of-function <i>ncr1</i> mutant plants showed enhanced drought tolerance, which was restored in the <i>NCR1-</i>complemented plants, whereas the <i>NCR1</i>-overexpressing plants revealed a drought-sensitive phenotype. Physiological analyses revealed that the <i>ncr1</i> plants had a higher leaf surface temperature, lower water loss rates, and improved cell membrane integrity compared with WT. Comparative leaf transcriptomics and proteomics suggested that wax biosynthesis, anthocyanin metabolism, and leaf senescence processes are regulated by <i>NCR1</i> under both normal and water-deficit conditions. Under drought, an increase in wax and anthocyanin accumulations and a delay in leaf senescence in <i>ncr1</i> plants, when compared with WT, supported the transcriptome and proteomics data. Additionally, the <i>ncr1</i> plants exhibited higher abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity and longer root hairs than WT. Collectively, our results suggest that <i>NCR1</i> negatively regulates drought tolerance through modification of wax biosynthesis, anthocyanin accumulation, leaf senescence, cell membrane integrity, ABA responses, and root hair development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic basis for broad interspecific compatibility in Solanum verrucosum","authors":"William Behling,&nbsp;Joseph Coombs,&nbsp;Thilanka Ranaweera,&nbsp;Brieanne Vaillancourt,&nbsp;John P. Hamilton,&nbsp;Julia Brose,&nbsp;C. Robin Buell,&nbsp;David S. Douches","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Solanum verrucosum</i> Schlechtendal (2<i>x</i> = 2<i>n</i> = 24) is unique among the clade 4 <i>Solanum</i> Sect <i>Petota</i> species. In addition to being one of the only fully self-compatible diploid potato species, <i>S. verrucosum</i> is the only clade 4 species that lacks prezygotic interspecific reproductive barriers. This allows <i>S. verrucosum</i> to accept pollen from a broad range of <i>Solanum</i> species and thereby serving as a genetic “bridge” between the cultivated or primary potato gene pool and distantly related wild relatives in the tertiary gene pool. The genetic mechanisms underlying self-compatibility in <i>Solanum</i> often underpin interspecific compatibility interactions, which in <i>S. verrucosum</i>, has been attributed to the lack of <i>S-RNase</i> expression. Using an interspecific F2 mapping population (<i>n</i> = 150), we investigated the genetic mechanisms responsible for the lack of interspecific reproductive barriers in <i>S. verrucosum</i>. This F2 population was evaluated for the ability to accept pollen from two clade 1, 1 EBN species (<i>S. pinnatisectum</i> and <i>S. tarnii</i>); from which two QTL for interspecific compatibility were identified on chromosomes 1 and 11, explaining 56.6% of the phenotypic variation observed. To identify the genetic basis of interspecific compatibility, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly of <i>S. verrucosum</i> MSII1813-2 and performed gene expression profiling of reproductive organs. Differential gene expression of <i>S-RNase</i>, located within the chromosome 1 QTL, confirmed the central role of the <i>S</i>-locus and specifically, <i>S-RNase</i>, in interspecific compatibility. Discovery of a non-<i>S</i>-locus QTL is consistent with previous findings that other non-<i>S</i>-locus factors are necessary for interspecific compatibility in <i>S. verrucosum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characterization of the LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 activation domains reveals its conserved dual mode of action in flowering plants","authors":"Camille Salaün,&nbsp;Johanne Thévenin,&nbsp;Angèle Edoura-Gaena,&nbsp;Yichun Qiu,&nbsp;Jasmine Burguet,&nbsp;Martine Miquel,&nbsp;Loïc Lepiniec,&nbsp;Bertrand Dubreucq","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seed development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> is largely controlled by a set of transcription factors (TFs) called LAFL, including LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2). In this study, we investigated the structure/function relationships of the protein LEC2 outside the well-described B3 DNA-binding domain. The results presented here unveil the presence of transcription activation domains (ADs) within the unstructured ends of the protein that are conserved in eudicots. Expression in both yeast and moss protoplasts of deleted and mutated versions of LEC2 confirmed the transcriptional activity of these ADs. Surprisingly, the expression of LEC2 variants lacking their ADs restored a wild-type seed phenotype in <i>lec2</i> mutant, showing that these ADs are not essential for LEC2 function in seed development. Moreover, ZmAFL2/ZmABI19, a maize B3 factor related to LEC2 but deprived of N-ter AD, can also complement <i>lec2</i> seed phenotype and induce abnormal vegetative development when overexpressed in Arabidopsis, supporting this observation. This work suggests that LEC2 can act both as a classical transcriptional activator or without transactivation activity, probably through its interaction with the pioneer factor LEC1. Taken together, the results provide important insights into the function of the LAFL master regulators during seed development, from cell differentiation to storage accumulation in seed.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic roles of GmSWEET10a/b and GmSUT1 in the oil–protein balance in soybean mature seeds at transcriptional and metabolic levels","authors":"Jiayi Sun,&nbsp;Weiqiang Li,&nbsp;Xin Wei,&nbsp;Huixia Shou,&nbsp;Lam-Son Phan Tran,&nbsp;Xianzhong Feng,&nbsp;Shoudong Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70435","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous investigations indicated that the soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) <i>SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER10a</i>/<i>b</i> (<i>GmSWEET10a</i>/<i>b</i>) genes promote oil accumulation, while inhibiting protein accumulation in seeds. To clarify the mechanisms modulated by <i>GmSWEET10a</i>/<i>b</i> in mediating the oil and protein accumulations in soybean seeds, an integrated comparative multiomics was conducted using the double <i>gmsweet10a,b</i> mutant and wild-type (WT) embryos. Spatial metabolomic analysis revealed that <i>gmsweet10a,b</i> embryos were surrounded by a sugar-reduced seed coat and experienced a sugar-starvation state in embryonic tissues <i>in vivo</i>. The decreased sugar content in the <i>gmsweet10a,b</i> embryos reduced the availability of carbon skeletons required for oil synthesis and was associated with decreased expression levels of genes involved in sucrose metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerol assembly. Meanwhile, the expression of genes encoding storage protein was induced in <i>gmsweet10a,b</i> embryos, when compared with WT. These changes resulted in decreased oil content and increased protein content in <i>gmsweet10a,b</i> embryos versus WT. <i>In vitro</i> sugar-starvation assay also supported the suppression of fatty acid biosynthesis and the enhanced storage protein accumulation in developmental embryo under sugar-starved conditions. Furthermore, the knockout of <i>SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 1</i> (<i>GmSUT1</i>), which was upregulated in <i>gmsweet10a,b</i> embryos, significantly decreased the sugar level, resulting in lower oil content but higher protein content in <i>gmsut1</i> embryos than WT ones. Our findings provided a mechanistic understanding of the modulation of sugar transport between seed coat to embryo by both GmSWEET10a/b and GmSUT1, which plays a pivotal role in balancing oil and protein accumulations in soybean mature seeds.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ODR1, the key seed dormancy and germination regulator, promotes seed Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis via interaction with TTG1 and modulation of MBW complex activity","authors":"Ling Ding,&nbsp;Xi Chen,&nbsp;Xu Wang,&nbsp;Wenhui Jiang,&nbsp;Xinyi Xu,&nbsp;Mengmeng Hou,&nbsp;Yuanbo Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wu,&nbsp;Yuxiao Chang,&nbsp;Yong Xiang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70434","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seed dormancy and germination are crucial for both plant survival and reproduction and for crop sowing and harvesting. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), one of the most abundant seed metabolites, play a role in enhancing dormancy and inhibiting germination. Multiple regulatory factors involved in PAs biosynthesis can alter seed dormancy or germination capacity. However, whether the dormancy or germination factors reciprocally influence the PAs biosynthesis is unclear. Here, we report that ODR1, a seed dormancy and germination key factor and a transcriptional (co-) repressor, can regulate seed PAs biosynthesis and act as a transcriptional co-activator. The <i>odr1</i> mutant shows lighter seed coat color, decreased PAs contents, and reduced expression of PAs biosynthesis genes, which are restored in the <i>ODR1</i> complementary lines. ODR1 interacts with TTG1 and forms a complex with TTG1/TT2/TT8 (three MBW complex components), enhancing their activation on promoters of PAs biosynthesis genes like <i>DFR</i> and <i>ANS</i>. Overexpressing <i>TTG1</i> in the <i>odr1-2</i> mutant rescues or even reverses PA-related phenotypes of <i>odr1-2</i>, confirming that <i>ODR1</i>-mediated regulation of PAs biosynthesis is dependent on TTG1. Moreover, three homologous copies of <i>ODR1</i> in rapeseed were identified, and simultaneous knockout of them reduces the PAs contents. These results revealed the previously uncharacterized functions of ODR1 in PAs biosynthesis, suggested its conservation between Arabidopsis and rapeseed, and provided important gene resources for rapeseed variety improvement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic context-dependent roles of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in regulating gene expression during rice drought response","authors":"Xiaohao Yan,&nbsp;Yeling Zhou,&nbsp;Shijie Gan,&nbsp;Zhiyu Guo,&nbsp;Jiansheng Liang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70436","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a key epigenetic regulator of genome stability and stress adaptation in plants. However, the functional role of its oxidative derivative, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), remains poorly understood in plant systems, largely due to its low abundance and unresolved enzymatic origins. Here, we integrated ACE-seq (APOBEC-coupled epigenetic sequencing) with an optimized Tn5mC-seq (transposase-based library preparation in the context of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, WGBS) approach to generate the first single-base resolution map of 5hmC in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), unveiling its stress-responsive dynamics and regulatory interplay with 5mC during drought adaptation. Genome-wide profiling revealed a basal 5hmC level of ~0.03 (defined as the ratio of C/(C + T) at each site), with drought triggering a pronounced reduction in 5hmC abundance and locus number, followed by incomplete recovery post-rehydration. Unlike 5mC, which accumulates in heterochromatin, 5hmC preferentially localized to euchromatic regions, including promoters, exons, and intergenic elements, and exhibited enrichment at ABA-responsive transcription factors (e.g., <i>OsATAF1</i>, <i>bZIP50</i>). Strikingly, drought induced an antagonistic relationship between 5hmC and 5mC, with the latter increasing globally to reinforce transposon silencing. Multi-omics analyses demonstrated that 5hmC depletion in promoters correlated with transcriptional downregulation, while its accumulation in gene bodies (notably 5′-UTRs) suppressed stress-responsive genes. These findings highlight 5hmC's bifunctional regulatory capacity, contingent on genomic context, and its role in balancing transcriptional plasticity with genome stability during stress. Our work establishes 5hmC as a dynamic epigenetic mark in plant environmental adaptation and provides a foundation for leveraging DNA hydroxymethylation in crop resilience engineering.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic interactions and natural variation underlying S-RNase-independent unilateral incompatibility in Solanum","authors":"Xiaoqiong Qin,&nbsp;Sarah Ng,&nbsp;Elizabeth Paul,&nbsp;Roger T. Chetelat","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70412","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pistils of self-incompatible (SI) species/populations typically reject pollen of related self-compatible (SC) species/populations, but not vice versa, a pattern known as unilateral incompatibility (UI). UI is complex and includes both S-RNase-dependent and S-RNase-independent mechanisms. Pistils of <i>Solanum pennellii</i> LA0716 (SC, no S-RNase) reject pollen of cultivated tomato, <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (SC); UI in this system involves the expression of <i>ornithine decarboxylase2</i> (<i>ODC2</i>) and <i>HT-A</i>/<i>-B</i> genes in the pistil, and <i>farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase2</i> (<i>FPS2</i>), <i>ui6.2</i>, and <i>ui12</i>.<i>2</i> in pollen. We show that IL12-3 (<i>HT-A/-B</i>) × IL3-3 (<i>ODC2</i>) double introgression lines reject <i>S. lycopersicum</i> pollen, while <i>odc2</i> or <i>ht-a</i> mutants do not, demonstrating that <i>ODC2</i> and <i>HT-A</i> are required for UI. Transmission ratio distortion in favor of <i>pennellii</i> alleles was observed in interspecific F₂ <i>S. lycopersicum</i> × <i>S. pennellii</i> near <i>ui6.2</i> and <i>ui12.2,</i> and in F₂ IL12-3 × IL3-3 near <i>ui12.2.</i> Equivalent populations made with <i>odc2</i> mutants segregate in Mendelian ratios, while <i>ht-a</i> mutants have little effect, indicating <i>ui6.2</i> and <i>ui12.2</i> interact primarily with <i>ODC2</i>. Pollen from <i>fps2</i> mutants in <i>S. pennellii</i> LA0716 are incompatible on pistils of all tested <i>S. pennellii</i> and some <i>Solanum habrochaites</i> accessions, but compatible with all other tomato clade species, suggesting <i>ODC2</i>-dependent UI evolved in a common ancestor to <i>S. pennellii</i> and <i>S. habrochaites.</i> Within <i>S. habrochaites, fps2</i> pollen rejection was observed mainly in SI or mixed mating populations, suggesting an association with outcrossing. Triple mutants of <i>S. pennellii</i> and <i>S. habrochaites</i> lacking functional <i>ODC2, HT-A/-B</i>, and <i>S-RNase</i> are cross-compatible as female parents with <i>S. lycopersicum</i>, allowing transfer of their cytoplasmic genomes into cultivated tomato.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}