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The effect of C-terminal deamidation on bacterial susceptibility and resistance to modelin-5.
IF 2.2 4区 生物学
European Biophysics Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-025-01732-4
Sarah R Dennison, Leslie H G Morton, Kamal Badiani, Frederick Harris, David A Phoenix
{"title":"The effect of C-terminal deamidation on bacterial susceptibility and resistance to modelin-5.","authors":"Sarah R Dennison, Leslie H G Morton, Kamal Badiani, Frederick Harris, David A Phoenix","doi":"10.1007/s00249-025-01732-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-025-01732-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The C-terminal amide carried by antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can play a variable role in their antibacterial action and here, this role is investigated here for the synthetic peptide modelin-5 (M5-NH<sub>2</sub>). The peptide showed potent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MLC = 5.9 µM), with strong binding to the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) (K<sub>d</sub> = 21.5 μM) and the adoption of high levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure (80.1%) which promoted strong CM penetration (9.6 mN m<sup>-1</sup>) and CM lysis (89.0%). In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to M5-NH<sub>2</sub> (MLC = 139.6 µM), probably due electrostatic repulsion effects mediated by Lys-PG in the organism's CM. These effects promoted weak CM binding (K<sub>d</sub> = 120.6 μM) and the formation of low levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure (30.1%), with low levels of CM penetration (4.8 mN m<sup>-1</sup>) and lysis (36.4%). C-terminal deamidation had a variable influence on the antibacterial activity of M5-NH<sub>2</sub>, and in the case of S. aureus, loss of this structural moiety had no apparent effect on activity. The resistance of S. aureus to M5-NH<sub>2</sub> isoforms appeared to be facilitated by the high level of charge carried by these peptides, as well as the density and distribution of this charge. In the case of P. aeruginosa, the activity of M5-NH<sub>2</sub> was greatly reduced by C-terminal deamidation (MLC = 138.6 µM), primarily through decreased CM binding (K<sub>d</sub> = 118.4 μM) and amphiphilic α-helix formation (39.6%) that led to lower levels of CM penetration (5.1 mN m<sup>-1</sup>) and lysis (39.0%).</p>","PeriodicalId":548,"journal":{"name":"European Biophysics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Haplotype-resolved genome and population genomics provide insights into dioscin biosynthesis and evolutionary history of the medicinal species Dioscorea nipponica
IF 6.2 1区 生物学
The Plant Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17237
Ke Hu, Yu Feng, Pan Li, Min Chen, Zi-Jie Shen, Xiao-Qin Sun, Rui-Sen Lu
{"title":"Haplotype-resolved genome and population genomics provide insights into dioscin biosynthesis and evolutionary history of the medicinal species Dioscorea nipponica","authors":"Ke Hu,&nbsp;Yu Feng,&nbsp;Pan Li,&nbsp;Min Chen,&nbsp;Zi-Jie Shen,&nbsp;Xiao-Qin Sun,&nbsp;Rui-Sen Lu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17237","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Dioscorea nipponica</i>, a perennial herb widely distributed in the Sino-Japanese Floristic Region, is renowned for its medicinal properties, particularly its ability to produce dioscin. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the diploid <i>D</i>. <i>nipponica</i>, comprising 511.41 Mb for Haplotype A and 498.29 Mb for Haplotype B, each organized into 10 chromosomes. The two haplotypes exhibited high similarity, with only 2.75% of the allelic genes exhibiting specific expression. Key genes in the dioscin biosynthesis pathway were identified, and expression analysis revealed that the majority (16/21) of genes involved in the first two stages were highly expressed in rhizomes. Notably, significant expansion of the CYP90, CYP94, and UGT73 gene families was observed in dioscin-producing species, highlighting their critical roles in dioscin biosynthesis. Additionally, genome size estimation and population genomic analyses of diverse <i>D. nipponica</i> accessions identified four principal clades in <i>D. nipponica</i>, corresponding to diploid, di-tetra-octoploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid accessions from various geographic regions, with clade A (diploids) further divided into five subclades. Demographic analysis of the diploid <i>D. nipponica</i> revealed a prolonged decline in effective population size from the Pleistocene to the Last Glacial Maximum, with population splits occurring during the mid-to-late Pleistocene. Selective sweep analysis identified key genes, including <i>HD-Zip I</i>, <i>ADH1</i>, <i>SMT1</i>, and <i>CYPs</i> that may contribute to adaptation to high-latitude environments and the geographical variations in dioscin content. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the genomic architecture, biosynthetic pathways, and evolutionary dynamics of <i>D. nipponica</i>, providing valuable insights into its medicinal potential and evolution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genetic dissection of internode length confers improvement for ideal plant architecture in maize
IF 6.2 1区 生物学
The Plant Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17245
Haiyang Duan, Jianxin Li, Zhengjie Xue, Lu Yang, Yan Sun, Xiaolong Ju, Jihong Zhang, Guoqiang Xu, Xuehang Xiong, Li Sun, Shuhao Xu, Huiling Xie, Dong Ding, Xuebin Zhang, Xuehai Zhang, Jihua Tang
{"title":"Genetic dissection of internode length confers improvement for ideal plant architecture in maize","authors":"Haiyang Duan,&nbsp;Jianxin Li,&nbsp;Zhengjie Xue,&nbsp;Lu Yang,&nbsp;Yan Sun,&nbsp;Xiaolong Ju,&nbsp;Jihong Zhang,&nbsp;Guoqiang Xu,&nbsp;Xuehang Xiong,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Shuhao Xu,&nbsp;Huiling Xie,&nbsp;Dong Ding,&nbsp;Xuebin Zhang,&nbsp;Xuehai Zhang,&nbsp;Jihua Tang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The optimal plant architecture, characterized by short stature, helps mitigate lodging, enables high-density planting, and facilitates mechanized harvesting. Internode length (IL), a crucial component of plant height in maize, plays a significant role in these processes. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying internode elongation remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study to dissect the genetic architecture of IL in maize. The lengths of five internodes above and below the ear (referred as IL-related traits) were collected across multiple environments, revealing substantial variation. A total of 108 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with 11 IL-related traits, with 17 QTL co-detected by different traits. Notably, three QTL have been selected in maize breeding progress. Three hundred and three genes associated with IL were found to operate through plant hormone signal transduction, receptor activity, and carbon metabolism pathways, influencing internode elongation. <i>ZmIL1</i>, which encodes alcohol dehydrogenase, exhibited a high expression level in internodes during the vegetative stage and has been selected in Chinese modern maize breeding. Additionally, <i>ZmIL2</i> and <i>ZmIL3</i> emerged as other crucial regulators of IL. Importantly, <i>ZmIL1</i> has potential applications in maize varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. This study represents the first comprehensive report on the genetic architecture of nearly all ILs in maize, providing profound insights into internode elongation mechanisms and genetic resources. These findings hold significant implications for dwarf breeding programs aimed at optimizing plant architecture for enhancing agronomic performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DREPP protein StPCaP1 facilitates the cell-to-cell movement of Potato virus Y and Potato virus S by inhibiting callose deposition at plasmodesmata
IF 6.2 1区 生物学
The Plant Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17239
Ruhao Chen, Zhen Tu, Tao Yu, Zhaorong Wu, Saiful Islam, Xinxi Hu, Changzheng He, Botao Song, Qiusheng Kong, Bihua Nie
{"title":"DREPP protein StPCaP1 facilitates the cell-to-cell movement of Potato virus Y and Potato virus S by inhibiting callose deposition at plasmodesmata","authors":"Ruhao Chen,&nbsp;Zhen Tu,&nbsp;Tao Yu,&nbsp;Zhaorong Wu,&nbsp;Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Xinxi Hu,&nbsp;Changzheng He,&nbsp;Botao Song,&nbsp;Qiusheng Kong,&nbsp;Bihua Nie","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17239","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plant viruses, constrained by their limited genomic coding capacity, rely significantly on host factors for successful infection. Disruption of these essential host factors can confer resistance to viruses, with such factors categorized as susceptibility genes or recessive resistance genes. Recent research has identified developmentally regulated plasma membrane polypeptide (DREPP) proteins as susceptibility factors integral to the cell-to-cell movement of potyviruses. In the present study, we demonstrated that the silencing of <i>StPCaP1</i>, a <i>DREPP</i> gene in potato, confers novel resistance to both <i>Potato virus Y</i> (PVY, <i>Potyvirus</i>) and <i>Potato virus S</i> (PVS, <i>Carlavirus</i>). Interaction and subcellular localization analyses revealed that the movement proteins (MPs) of PVY (P3NPIPO) and PVS (TGB1) interact with StPCaP1, recruiting it to plasmodesmata (PD). Furthermore, transcriptome analysis and experimental validation indicated that compared to wild-type (WT) controls, <i>StPCaP1</i>-silenced lines exhibit significantly increased glucose content and elevated expression levels of several <i>UDP-glucosyltransferases</i> (<i>UGTs</i>), which are potential components of the callose synthesis complex. These findings suggest that StPCaP1 participates in callose deposition, as evidenced by the increased callose deposition at PD and reduced PD permeability observed in <i>StPCaP1</i>-silenced lines. Additionally, we found that <i>StPCaP1</i> expression in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> led to reduced callose deposition at PD and promoted PVY-GFP cell-to-cell movement in <i>NbPCaP1</i>-silenced plants in a concentration-dependent manner, which suggests the changes in callose deposition at PD induced by StPCaP1 relates to viral cell-to-cell movement. This study provides a deeper understanding of DREPP-mediated viral movement and highlights potential targets for developing virus-resistant crops.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport synergistically modulated by RcMYB75 and RcGSTFL11 play a pivotal role in the feedforward loop in response to drought stress
IF 6.2 1区 生物学
The Plant Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17240
Mengni Ma, Runhui Li, Yajun Li, Wenhao Dai, Junzhong Shang, Yanhong He, Fayun Xiang, Yuanyuan Yang, Jihua Wang, Zifeng Huang, Hong Luo, Jie Zhang, Guogui Ning
{"title":"Anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport synergistically modulated by RcMYB75 and RcGSTFL11 play a pivotal role in the feedforward loop in response to drought stress","authors":"Mengni Ma,&nbsp;Runhui Li,&nbsp;Yajun Li,&nbsp;Wenhao Dai,&nbsp;Junzhong Shang,&nbsp;Yanhong He,&nbsp;Fayun Xiang,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yang,&nbsp;Jihua Wang,&nbsp;Zifeng Huang,&nbsp;Hong Luo,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Guogui Ning","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17240","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anthocyanins, the important antioxidants and signaling molecules, are natural polyphenolic compounds widely present in plants and essential for plant defense. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying plant anthocyanin accumulation in relation to drought stress. This study reveals that drought stress induces significant anthocyanin accumulation in <i>Rosa chinensis</i>, alongside an increase in the expression of the MYB transcription factor (TF) gene <i>RcMYB75</i> and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene <i>RcGSTFL11</i>. When overexpressed, <i>RcMYB75</i> markedly increases anthocyanin contents in both roses and tobaccos; conversely, reducing its expression significantly lowers anthocyanin contents in rose petals. RcGSTFL11 was confirmed as an anthocyanin transporter and overexpression of <i>RcGSTFL11</i> can restore the anthocyanin-deficient phenotype in the Arabidopsis <i>tt19</i> mutant. Transgenic roses overexpressing <i>RcGSTFL11</i> exhibit enhanced anthocyanin accumulation, while those with downregulated <i>RcGSTFL11</i> have reduced contents. Transcriptomic analysis indicates that <i>RcMYB75</i> upregulates the expression of key genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway and the anthocyanin transport gene <i>RcGSTFL11.</i> Ultimately, we also found that anthocyanin accumulation in these transgenics further enhances plant resistance to drought stress. Taken together, RcMYB75 and RcGSTFL11 promote the synthesis and transport of anthocyanins and play a key role in the feedforward loop responding to drought stress in roses. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms by which MYB TFs contribute to anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport, as well as the adaptive strategies of roses in response to drought stress.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Posttranslational regulation of plant membrane transporters
IF 6.2 1区 生物学
The Plant Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17262
María Niño-González, Paula Duque
{"title":"Posttranslational regulation of plant membrane transporters","authors":"María Niño-González,&nbsp;Paula Duque","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17262","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The movement of substances across biological membranes is often constrained by physical or energetic barriers, requiring the action of transporter proteins embedded within the lipidic bilayer. These transporters also provide finely tuned regulation of substrate fluxes, essential for maintaining cellular function under both normal and stress conditions. Consequently, transporters are subject to multiple levels of tight regulation, including posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Here, we review the current knowledge on PTMs affecting plant membrane transporters and their impact on protein function. The attachment of chemical groups to protein residues enables rapid modulation of transporter functions, influencing a wide range of protein characteristics. Phosphorylation stands out as the most common PTM, affecting transporter attributes such as activation status, localization and substrate specificity. In turn, ubiquitination acts as a signal for downregulation, either by targeting the transporters for proteasomal degradation or by triggering their endocytosis and subsequent vacuolar sorting. The roles of other, less common PTMs remain unclear, as limited examples exist and recent advances have been sparse. The complex dynamics of substrate transport, which require precise flux magnitudes and directions, appear to demand multi-layered control of the associated transporters. In consequence, further research is needed to investigate individual PTMs affecting transporters, as well as the interplay of multiple PTMs on a single transporter, to better understand how gradual modulation of protein function is achieved.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolome and comparative genome provide insights into secondary metabolites generation of a rare karst-growing Rhododendron in vitro culture
IF 6.2 1区 生物学
The Plant Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17235
Sulin Wen, Xiaowei Cai, Kui Zhou, Yi Min, Chunqiong Shang, Luonan Shen, Lin Deng, Di Liu, Guang Qiao, Xiaohui Shen
{"title":"Metabolome and comparative genome provide insights into secondary metabolites generation of a rare karst-growing Rhododendron in vitro culture","authors":"Sulin Wen,&nbsp;Xiaowei Cai,&nbsp;Kui Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Min,&nbsp;Chunqiong Shang,&nbsp;Luonan Shen,&nbsp;Lin Deng,&nbsp;Di Liu,&nbsp;Guang Qiao,&nbsp;Xiaohui Shen","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Rhododendron</i> species have the potential to be rich in secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical or industrial value. However, there is a lack of comprehensive metabolome studies at the genome level, particularly for unique and rare species like <i>Rhododendron bailiense</i>, which exclusively grows in karst environments in Guizhou, southwest China. Recently, genome assembly data for this species was available. In this study, nontargeted metabolomics was employed to investigate the secondary metabolites profile of <i>R. bailiense</i> callus. The callus of <i>R. bailiense</i> was induced using 0.2 mg L<sup>−1</sup> TDZ (Thidiazuron) + 0.1 mg L<sup>−1</sup> IBA (3-Indole butyric acid). A comparison between light-treated calli and dark-cultured calli revealed differential accumulation of metabolites, particularly in flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, and hydroxycinnamic acids, known for their beneficial effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Proanthocyanidins, with various health-promoting effects, were found to accumulate significantly in dark-cultured calli. Light conditions promoted diterpene and triterpene products, whereas darkness favored sesquiterpene products. Additionally, the study demonstrated the potential of utilizing <i>Agrobacterium</i> transformation technology on callus suspension cells to enhance secondary metabolite production. Comparison with the genome of <i>Rhododendron molle</i> revealed that the <i>R. bailiense</i> genome exhibited active ‘glycosyltransferase activity,’ possessed a higher number of copies of monoterpene and sesquiterpene terpene synthases, and contained high copies of specific cytochrome P450 members (CYP71, CYP76, CYP79, CYP82, CYP736). This study offers valuable insights and potential strategies for the biosynthesis and production of <i>Rhododendron</i> secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical or industrial significance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vessel anatomy of urban Celtis occidentalis trees varies to favour safety or efficiency depending on site conditions
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学
Trees Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-025-02603-3
Kaisa Rissanen, Valentina Vitali, Daniel Kneeshaw, Alain Paquette
{"title":"Vessel anatomy of urban Celtis occidentalis trees varies to favour safety or efficiency depending on site conditions","authors":"Kaisa Rissanen,&nbsp;Valentina Vitali,&nbsp;Daniel Kneeshaw,&nbsp;Alain Paquette","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02603-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02603-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Urban trees can acclimate to their growth environment through changes in vessel anatomy. Vessel lumen area and vessel frequency following a gradient from park trees to inner-city street trees.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Urban trees stand in potentially stressful growth environments occurring along gradients of urban heat and impermeable surface cover and, to survive, can adjust their function and structure. The consequent tree-to-tree variations in hydraulic xylem traits can shed light on tree hydraulics and capacity to acclimate to diverse conditions, as well as identify limitations to tree growth and survival. Using microscopic analysis of increment cores, we compared early wood vessel traits of the ring-porous angiosperm <i>Celtis occidentalis</i> in three urban site types: central streets, residential streets and parks, within the city of Montreal. We explored differences in vessel traits (mean vessel lumen area, vessel frequency, vessel grouping index and derived variables) between site types, vessel trait intercorrelations and correlations with monthly temperature, precipitation and heat-moisture index over 10 years. The vessel traits significantly differed between site types. Park trees had the largest and central street trees had the smallest vessel lumen area and theoretical hydraulic conductivity; traits supporting efficient water transport. Central street trees had the largest vessel frequency and smallest theoretical vulnerability to cavitation; traits connected to hydraulic safety. Residential street tree traits were in between. Among central and residential street trees, water transport efficiency traits correlated positively with cool springs or arid summers, whereas among park trees, mainly vessel frequency and grouping index responded to climate variations. These results highlight the capacity of <i>C. occidentalis</i> to acclimate to urban environments and the potential of anatomical traits for quantifying the effects of urban environments on tree functioning.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-025-02603-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The differences between clones of witches’ brooms and their seed progeny are determined by the age status of maternal plants
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学
Trees Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-025-02604-2
Sergey Goroshkevich, Evgeniya Zhuk, Galina Ivolina
{"title":"The differences between clones of witches’ brooms and their seed progeny are determined by the age status of maternal plants","authors":"Sergey Goroshkevich,&nbsp;Evgeniya Zhuk,&nbsp;Galina Ivolina","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02604-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02604-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Clones originating from the young seed progeny of mutational witches’ broom have a compact crown and no flowering phenotype caused by the combined effect of the mutation and biological age of the source plant material.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Mutational witches’ broom (WB), which is formed on trees, is a bud sport that has a modified crown structure. Phenotypically, it differs from the normal crown part in its high density, abundant branching and usually shorter needles. Grafted WBs have a high ornamental value and are propagated for landscaping purposes. WB seed progeny and their clones have also been successfully used in breeding for a long time. However, it is still unknown how the two types of clones differ from each other. To reveal the differences, a comparative analysis of clones from the original mature 170–200-year-old trees of <i>Pinus sibirica</i> with cone-bearing WBs and clones from the 9-year-old mutant seed progeny was carried out in the uniform environment of a common garden. Unlike the initial WB clones, the derivative clones did not flower, which was the most pronounced influence of the age of the source plant material. The growth of derivative WB clones was also affected by the age of the source plant material, which reduced linear growth in addition to the mutation. They were 1.5 times less than in the initial clones, and their crowns were even more compact due to the decreased branching threshold and apical dominance. Significant variation was observed amongst groups of derivative clones derived from different saplings in the progeny of an original WB. The obvious source of the variation was the effect of recombination in the WB seed progeny, which gave rise to the clones. Thus, the influence of the age of the source plant material is fully manifested in the WB of <i>Pinus sibirica</i>, just as it occurs in normal trees. Together with great variation in morphological traits, this made the WB seed progeny an almost inexhaustible source of material for ornamental breeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of seed desiccation sensitivity between Quercus chenii and Q.acutissima
IF 2.1 3区 农林科学
Trees Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-025-02607-z
Haiyan Chen, Jiekun Liu, Yongbao Shen
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