生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Exogenous Azotobacter vinelandii application as a component of integrated plant nutrient management in 'Hass' avocado crops","authors":"John Alexander Gross-Urrego,&nbsp;Alvaro David Pantoja-Benavides,&nbsp;German Arturo Moreno-Poveda,&nbsp;Augusto Ramírez-Godoy,&nbsp;Cristhian Camilo Chávez-Arias,&nbsp;Hermann Restrepo-Díaz","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02667-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02667-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p><b>Application of</b> <b><i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i></b><b> is a strategy for 'Hass' avocado at various phenological stages, showing a 25% decrease in chemical fertilizer use while improving growth and physiological performance</b>.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p><i>Azotobacter</i>-based bio-stimulants increase soil nutrient availability, provide substances for plant growth, and reduce fertilizer needs. We examined drench <i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i> (Av) application with two chemical fertilization levels (CF: 100% and CF 75%: 75% chemical soil fertilization) on physiological, nutritional, and fruit yield parameters. Over 20 weeks, three experiments were conducted on different avocado development stages: seedlings, post-transplantation, and mature trees. In each trial, plants received soil treatments with three commercial Av doses [2.5 (Av1), 5 (Av2), and 7.5 (Av3) mL L⁻¹], with two fertilization levels. Soil Av and CF treatments were applied every 30 days from treatment start up to 16 weeks after treatment initiation (WAT). In the seedling trial, treatments with CF 75% combined with either Av2 or Av3 result in improved seedling quality, as indicated by the Dickson Quality Index (DQI), which measures 0.58 for CF 75% alone and approximately 0.79 for CF 75% with Av2 or Av3 at 20 WAT. In post-transplantation trees, CF 75% + Av2 or Av3 improved relative growth rate (0.021 and 0.024 cm cm⁻¹ week⁻¹ for CF 75% + Av2 and Av3, respectively) compared to CF 75% plants (0.013 cm cm⁻¹ week⁻¹) at 20 WAT. Mature trees showed CF 75% + Av2 or Av3 treatments had higher agronomic efficiency (44.7 and 38.2% CF 75% + Av2 and Av3, respectively) than CF 75% trees at 20 WAT. Av could serve as an alternative strategy for integrated plant nutrient management in sustainable 'Hass' avocado production as it reduces chemical fertilization needs by 25% without impacting crop physiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-025-02667-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis of ubiquitin E2 genes in Setaria: evidence for the roles of E2 genes in various aspects of plant development, stress tolerance, and domestication","authors":"Zaixu Zhou,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang,&nbsp;Yannan Wang,&nbsp;Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Han Jia,&nbsp;Hui Zhi,&nbsp;Guanqing Jia,&nbsp;Yuanhuai Han,&nbsp;Xianmin Diao,&nbsp;Sha Tang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70473","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ubiquitin E2 enzymes (E2s) are critical mediators in the ubiquitination cascade, a post-translational modification process that regulates protein stability, activity, localization, and degradation. Here, we analyzed the <i>E2</i> gene family in foxtail millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>), integrating comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and functional studies. A total of 52 <i>E2</i> genes were identified and classified into four subfamilies (UBC, UEV, SCE, and RCE) based on phylogenetic analysis across 49 species. Notably, foxtail millet exhibited significant gene expansion. Tissue-specific expression profiling revealed distinct roles of <i>E2</i> genes in growth and development. Haplotype and quantitative trait loci analyses demonstrated that several <i>E2</i> genes, including <i>SiUBC39</i>, are associated with key agronomic traits, such as plant height, flowering time, and stress tolerance. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we validated the functional role of <i>SiUBC39</i>, finding that its disruption led to phenotypes resembling wild species (<i>Setaria viridis</i>), such as early flowering and reduced plant height and grain yield. IP-MS and transcriptome analysis revealed <i>SiUBC39</i>'s involvement in growth and development regulation, drought stress response, and immune response. SiPIP2;1 and SiEhd2 were identified as interactors of SiUBC39, explaining its roles in blast resistance and flowering time control. Furthermore, domestication analysis identified an A/G mutation in the <i>SiUBC39</i> promoter TATA box, distinguishing domesticated and wild haplotypes and highlighting its role in domestication selection. This study underscores the essential roles of <i>E2</i> genes in regulating crop agronomic traits and stress responses, providing valuable insights for genetic improvement in foxtail millet and other cereals.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora enters apple leaves through naturally occurring wounds from the abscission of trichomes","authors":"Felicia Millett,&nbsp;James Standish,&nbsp;Jules Scanley,&nbsp;Katelyn Miller,&nbsp;John Inguagiato,&nbsp;Nubia Zuverza-Mena,&nbsp;Maritza Abril,&nbsp;Victoria Robinson,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;George W. Sundin,&nbsp;Quan Zeng","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70472","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The plant epidermis is a single layer of cells covering all plant organs. How pathogens overcome this barrier and enter plants is an important aspect of plant–pathogen interactions. For bacterial plant pathogens, known entry points include natural openings, such as stomata, hydathodes, and mechanical injuries caused by insect feeding, wind damage, or hailstorms. Here, we report that the fire blight pathogen <i>Erwinia amylovora</i> enters apple leaves through naturally occurring wounds caused by the abscission of trichomes during the course of leaf development. Through macroscopic and microscopic observations, we depicted a clear invasion path for <i>E. amylovora</i> cells, from epiphytic growth on glandular trichomes (GT) and non-glandular trichomes (NT) to entry through wounds caused by abscised trichomes, into the epithem, and subsequent spread through xylem. We further observed that GT and NT undergo an abscission process, and that the amount of naturally occurring wounds during abscission is associated with the increase in <i>E. amylovora</i> population. Key genes important for the colonization of GT and NT were identified. The contribution of the type III secretion system and amylovoran biosynthesis during GT colonization was validated. Our findings propose a novel host entry mechanism of plant pathogenic bacteria through naturally occurring wounds during the abscission of plant surface structures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-Methyl-l-Cysteine Sulfoxide: A Hidden Layer of Defences Against Herbivorous Insects in Brassicaceae.","authors":"Laura Bellec, Célia Le Maire, Nathalie Marnet, Chrystelle Paty, Anne-Marie Cortesero, Maxime R Hervé","doi":"10.1111/pce.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants defend themselves against herbivorous insects through diverse morphological and biochemical traits. Non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) are an important component of the plant metabolome, although their defensive function remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO), a sulphur-containing NPAA accumulated in Brassicaceae, in mediating plant defence against herbivorous insects. SMCSO was quantified in inflorescences, leaves (young and old) and roots (primary and secondary) of 14 Brassicaceae species. Additionally, feeding tests on artificial substrates supplemented with physiological SMCSO levels were conducted with both generalist and specialist herbivorous insects feeding on one of the different plant parts studied. In line with the optimal defence theory, we found higher SMCSO levels in reproductive than vegetative tissues, and in young leaves and primary roots compared to old leaves and secondary roots, respectively. SMCSO also exerted a consistent phagodeterrent effect on generalist herbivores, while specialists showed variable responses from deterrence to stimulation. This study provides the first evidence of the influence of this compound on herbivore feeding behaviour, with effects depending on the diet breadth. These findings broaden our understanding of plant chemical defence complexity and highlight the ecological role of NPAAs in plant-insect interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond parental lines: multi-omics analyses reveal epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying heterosis in Oryza sativa × Oryza rufipogon hybrids","authors":"Xin Peng,&nbsp;Yahui Wu,&nbsp;Yuli Gan,&nbsp;Jiantao Tan,&nbsp;Qian Qian,&nbsp;MengYuan Shen,&nbsp;Kangli Sun,&nbsp;Xing Huo,&nbsp;Degui Zhou,&nbsp;Qi Liu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70471","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, refers to the superior phenotypes of a hybrid compared with their parents and is widely exploited in agriculture. Interspecific hybrids within the <i>Oryza</i> genus demonstrate significant potential for the systematic improvement of rice varieties. Nevertheless, the mechanistic basis underlying heterosis in interspecific <i>Oryza</i> hybrids remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically performed phenotypic characterization, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA sequencing, and small RNA profiling using <i>Oryza sativa</i> L. ssp. <i>japonica</i> cv. <i>Nipponbare</i> (NIP), <i>Oryza rufipogon</i> Griff. acc. CWR, and their resulting F₁ hybrid (named as NC). NIP and CWR showed distinct phenotypic and molecular differences. The interspecific hybrid, NC, exhibited significant yield heterosis. In the hybrid, most epigenetic and transcriptional features displayed additive inheritance patterns relative to parental lines. Analysis revealed that domestication-selected genes maintained relatively low DNA methylation coupled with high expression levels in both hybrid and parental lines. Additionally, we identified that non-additive miRNAs were potentially involved in regulating fertility, cell growth, and cell division processes in the hybrid. A significant negative correlation was observed between DNA methylation level and gene expression. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that hybrid-MPV DEGs were significantly associated with flowering time regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, protein phosphorylation, seed development, and defense responses. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified 102 functional gene modules, six of which were significantly associated with yield-related heterosis. Collectively, our results provide a multi-omics framework for understanding interspecific hybridization between elite cultivars and wild rice relatives, highlighting CWR as an untapped genetic reservoir for rice improvement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The miR396b-MsGRF1c module positively associates with alfalfa nodule senescence","authors":"Jianping Yan,&nbsp;Yanrong Liu,&nbsp;Yanan Gao,&nbsp;Mingzhi Xu,&nbsp;Kangning Zhang,&nbsp;Yaling Liu,&nbsp;Wanjun Zhang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70468","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The miR396-GRF module plays a vital role in the growth and development of plant organs. However, its function in the development of leguminous nodules remains unclear. Here, we observed significant upregulation of miR396b in alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) senescent nodules, especially in the upper part of the nitrogen fixation region. Transgenic lines overexpressing or sequestering miR396b were generated to examine its role in nodule senescence. Here, we report that miR396b acts as a positive regulator in nodule senescence by affecting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different regions of a nodule. Among the 10 miR396b-targeted <i>MsGRFs</i>, <i>MsGRF1c</i> showed the most significant transcriptional suppression by miR396b in nodules. By overexpressing <i>rMsGRF1c</i> (a synonymous mutation of <i>MsGRF1c</i> resistant to miR396b cleavage) and suppression of MsGRF1c activity via <i>MsGRF1c-SRDX</i> overexpression in alfalfa, we confirmed that <i>MsGRF1c</i> delayed nodule senescence by regulating ROS distribution and promoted alfalfa above-ground biomass yield after sinorhizobium inoculation. A glutamine synthetase gene (<i>MsGS2</i>), which showed differentially expressed in the RNA sequencing data, was markedly upregulated in the nodule senescent region and repressed by <i>MsGRF1c.</i> Then, <i>MsGS2</i> was experimentally validated as a direct transcriptional target of MsGRF1c. Transient interference of <i>MsGS2</i> expression in nodules via antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatment proved its essential role in regulating ROS distribution and nitrogen fixation efficiency in alfalfa nodules. Our results shed light on the miR396b-<i>MsGRF1c</i>-<i>MsGS2</i> pathway that plays a vital role in regulating alfalfa nodule senescence by affecting ROS distribution, and we propose an alternative way to create new alfalfa germplasm with enhanced nitrogen fixation capacity and biomass yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variability, association and diversity analysis of yield and yield-associated traits in mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes","authors":"M. R. Bhavya,&nbsp;M. Y. Jagadamba,&nbsp;G. S. Arunakumar,&nbsp;B. V. Sushmita,&nbsp;B. N. Gnanesh,&nbsp;P. Sowbhagya,&nbsp;N. R. Nisarga,&nbsp;T. Sarkar,&nbsp;C. M. Babu,&nbsp;S. G. Doss","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02672-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02672-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>This study identified traits with high genetic variability and heritability that are strongly correlated with leaf yield and identified high-yielding genotypes suitable for use as parents in breeding programs.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Mulberry is a crucial crop for the sericulture industry, as it is the exclusive food source for the silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i> L.). This study evaluated the yield- and yield-associated traits of 203 mulberry genotypes for two consecutive years to identify the best traits and high-yield genotypes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) among the accessions for the six studied traits. The hundred leaf weight (HLW), leaf area (LA) and number of leaves on the longest shoot (NLS) presented high phenotypic coefficients of variance (39.48, 32.9 and 22.13, respectively), high genotypic coefficients of variance (31.79, 28.11 and 20.78, respectively), high heritability (64.84, 73.00 and 88.22, respectively) and genetic advance (52.82, 49.54 and 40.27, respectively) and significant correlations (r = 0.51***, r = 0.42***, r = 0.39***, respectively), with leaf yield, indicating the potential of these traits for indirect selection for high leaf yielding genotypes in mulberry. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the 203 mulberry genotypes into seven clusters, which revealed significant genetic diversity among the genotypes. PCA revealed that the first two components accounted for 78.73% of the total variation. PC1 was primarily associated with leaf yield (−0.40), whereas traits such as HLW (0.54), LA (0.51), and NLS (−0.48) contributed strongly to PC2. Seven genotypes (ME-0005, ME-0246, ME-0169, MI-0523, Vishala, MI-0029, and MI-0580) presented relatively high PC1 and PC2 scores, which were associated with increased leaf yield, HLW, LA, and NLS. The results of this study are valuable in identifying the best traits and diverse and high-yield parental genotypes for use in hybridization programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transcription Factor MYB8 Positively Regulates Flavonoid Biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis in Response to Drought Stress.","authors":"Chong Chen, Xiaofang Zhou, Bo Cao, Shan Feng, Tiantian Bin, Yali Zhang, Pufan Gao, Yumeng Lu, Xian Li, Lianjin Liu, Suying Hu, Bowen Zheng, Guishuang Li, Chengke Bai","doi":"10.1111/pce.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress dynamically reprograms specialised metabolism in medicinal plants. However, the transcriptional regulatory modules governing stress-adaptive metabolite synthesis remain poorly characterised. Here, we identified SbMYB8 as a drought-responsive transcription factor showing nuclear localisation and dose-dependent induction under drought in Scutellaria baicalensis. SbMYB8 activation triggered coordinated upregulation of six baicalin biosynthetic genes, elevating total baicalin and aglycones. Heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed SbMYB8's conserved regulatory function, driving anthocyanin accumulation (2.3-fold), flavonoid hyperproduction (5.8-fold), and developmental plasticity through enhanced lateral root proliferation. Specifically, we established the first stable S. baicalensis genetic transformation system, enabling tissue-specific dissection of SbMYB8 function. Transgenic OE-SbMYB8 lines exhibited root architectural remodelling (thickened primary roots, increased lateral root density) and root-specific flavonoid amplification (baicalin 1.8-fold; total flavonoids 3.5-fold), coupled with hierarchical induction of 12 pathway genes. Low-dose PEG (2.5%) synergised with SbMYB8 to transiently boost aglycone synthesis, whereas high-dose stress (5%) disrupted this coordination, suppressing biosynthetic machinery and metabolite yields. Mechanistically, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays revealed SbMYB8 directly binds cis-elements in target promoters to orchestrate pathway activation. Based on the above results, we propose a SbMYB8-mediated \"drought perception - transcriptional activation - metabolic response\" network and provide transformative tools for precision breeding of stress-resilient medicinal plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Regulation Differences of VRS Genes in the Development of Lateral Spikelets in Two-Rowed Barley.","authors":"Liping Shen, Zhiwen Sun, Yangyang Liu, Kuocheng Shen, Zhimin Wang, Botao Ye, Ziying Wang, Zifeng Guo","doi":"10.1111/pce.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) spike consists of one central and two lateral spikelets at each rachis node. In two-rowed barley, only the central spikelet is fertile, the lateral spikelets also produce grain while in six-rowed barley. Five SIX-ROWED SPIKE genes (VRS1-5) have been identified as regulators of lateral spikelet fertility in barley, but the underlying genetic mechanisms of these VRS genes remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a detailed observation of the development process of the lateral spikelets in two-rowed barley and performed comparative transcriptome analysis to investigate gene expression differences between vrs1-5 mutants and wild-type spikelets. This revealed the differences in the downstream pathways regulated by the VRS genes in lateral spikelet development and the correlation of the effects of different VRS genes on lateral spikelet fertility. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified 213 direct downstream genes of VRS1, including those involved in energy metabolism, hormone pathways, and transcription factors. We also discovered that VRS1 directly binds to the D-class gene HvMADS13 to regulate spikelet fertility. Further analysis of the six-rowed barley accessions revealed that a 1 bp deletion in the C-terminus of VRS1 disrupts its ability to repress transcription, leading to fertility in the lateral spikelets.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase isoforms from diverse species show differences in oligomeric structure, thermal stability, and activity.","authors":"Jeremy R Keown, Serena A J Watkin, F Grant Pearce","doi":"10.1007/s00249-025-01794-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-025-01794-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rubisco activase (Rca) is critical for maintaining Rubisco activity during photosynthesis by removing inhibitory sugar phosphates through ATP hydrolysis. Despite its importance, the structural and functional diversity of Rca across species remain poorly understood. This study compares the oligomeric assembly, thermal stability, and functional activities of α- and β-isoforms of Rca from cotton, creosote, Antarctic hairgrass, and Sitka spruce, representing diverse thermal and ecological adaptations. We found that cotton and creosote Rca isoforms form highly polydisperse complexes in solution, with no evidence of discrete hexamer formation, even in the presence of Mg.ATPγS. In contrast, Antarctic hairgrass α-Rca and Sitka spruce β-Rca formed stable hexamers under similar conditions. Spruce α-Rca exhibited unique redox-dependent oligomerization, forming large complexes stabilized by disulfide bonds. Thermal stability assays revealed significant nucleotide-induced stabilization in most isoforms, with hexamer formation enhancing stability and activity in select cases. Functional assays showed that hexamer-forming isoforms displayed superior Rubisco reactivation and ATP hydrolysis activities, even at low protein concentrations, while smaller oligomeric assemblies also supported activity in some species. These findings provide new insights into the structural and functional adaptations of Rca, highlighting the role of oligomeric assembly and environmental influences on its activity. This work lays a foundation for improving photosynthetic efficiency by targeting Rca isoforms tailored to specific environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":548,"journal":{"name":"European Biophysics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}