生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Regulation as key to fulfilling the promises of agricultural genomics: Going beyond bottlenecks in plant gene technology development","authors":"Michail Ivanov,&nbsp;Emily A. Buddle,&nbsp;Rachel A. Ankeny","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of new gene technologies including gene editing has reinvigorated long-standing global debates about if and how such technologies should be regulated. Many scientists working in agricultural genomics believe that current regulatory approaches are problematic, often emphasizing that the regulatory system is merely a ‘bottleneck’ that limits research and innovation in crop sciences. The concept of a ‘bottleneck’ is prominent in discussions in this domain, but we contend that what counts as a ‘bottleneck’ depends on point of view and the interests and goals of the party that wishes to describe a particular situation as bottlenecked. In this Focused Review, we provide a short account of recent scholarship on gene editing regulation and argue that regulation is an important part of the research development and innovation process that should not merely be viewed as a ‘bottleneck.’ Regulation permits regulators and diverse publics to engage with research and assess whether the particular application of gene technology is desirable and beneficial beyond the laboratory bench or field. We conclude by providing lessons for scientists working in agricultural genomics, emphasizing the need to move away from visions of ‘bottlenecks’ and embracing regulation's potential to support the promises associated with agricultural genomics.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cysteine Signalling in Plant Pathogen Response.","authors":"Jannis Moormann, Björn Heinemann, Cecile Angermann, Anna Koprivova, Ute Armbruster, Stanislav Kopriva, Tatjana M Hildebrandt","doi":"10.1111/pce.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The amino acid cysteine is the precursor for a wide range of sulfur-containing functional molecules in plants, including enzyme cofactors and defence compounds. Due to its redox active thiol group cysteine is highly reactive. Synthesis and degradation pathways are present in several subcellular compartments to adjust the intracellular cysteine concentration. However, stress conditions can lead to a transient increase in local cysteine levels. Here we investigate links between cysteine homeostasis and metabolic signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. The systemic proteome response to cysteine feeding strongly suggests that Arabidopsis seedlings interpret accumulation of cysteine above a certain threshold as a signal for a biotic threat. Cysteine supplementation of Arabidopsis plants via the roots increases their resistance to the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae confirming the protective function of the cysteine induced defence pathways. Analysis of mutant plants reveals that the balance of cysteine synthesis between the cytosol and organelles is crucial during Arabidopsis immune response to Pseudomonas syringae. The induction profile of pathogen responsive proteins by cysteine provides insight into potential modes of action. Our results highlight the role of cysteine as a metabolic signal in the plant immune response and add evidence to the emerging concept of intracellular organelles as important players in plant stress signalling.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethylene Response Factor EjERF23 From Loquat Promotes Cold Tolerance via Directly Regulating EjPOD Gene Participated in Scavenging of Hydrogen Peroxide.","authors":"Jiaying Zhang, Haishan An, Shuigen Li, Boqiang Zhou, Xueying Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pce.15674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In higher plants, ethylene response factors (ERFs) play crucial roles in orchestrating cold stress signal transduction. This study validated EjERF23 in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) and elucidated its role in cold tolerance. The transcriptional expression of EjERF23 was augmented upon exposure to the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate and low temperatures. Concurrently, it was inhibited by the ethylene inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine under cold conditions. Overexpression of EjERF23 in transgenic tobacco enhanced cold tolerance, exhibiting significantly increased peroxidase (POD) activity, leading to reduced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation and improved antioxidant stress tolerance. Further analysis revealed that EjERF23 directly interacts with the EjPOD47 promoter, increasing its transcriptional level. The outcomes of the yeast expression assay indicated that EjPOD47 has notable functions in the response to cold stress. Tobacco lines that were genetically modified and treated with POD inhibitors exhibited elevated content of H₂O₂ and a remarkable decrease in cold tolerance. The findings indicated that the EjERF23 protein is crucial for enhancing cold tolerance by positively regulating genes that code for POD to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Our findings offer fresh perspectives on the molecular regulatory mechanisms that govern the ethylene signaling pathway related to responses to cold stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIPP33 Contributes to Selective Autophagy-Mediated Vacuolar Sequestration of Cadmium in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Wenxuan Wu, Tingting Zhao, Yuping Zheng, Ting Liu, Shunkang Zhou, Wenzhen Chen, Lijuan Xie, Qingqi Lin, Liang Chen, Shi Xiao, Hua Qi, Rongliang Qiu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd), an environmentally ubiquitous heavy metal, causes phytotoxic effects to plants even at low concentrations. Plants have evolved sophisticated methods to reduce Cd toxicity. However, the regulatory mechanisms of macroautophagy/autophagy in plant tolerance to Cd remain poorly elucidated. Here, we describe the link between autophagy and Cd response in Arabidopsis, demonstrating that the metallochaperone heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein 33 (HIPP33) acts as a cargo receptor to modulate the Cd response by facilitating autophagy-mediated vacuolar sequestration of Cd. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Cd exposure activated autophagy pathway. Consistently, autophagy-defective (atg) mutants displayed enhanced hypersensitivity with increased reactive oxygen species accumulation and considerably lower Cd concentrations in both roots and shoots. Moreover, we discovered that the core autophagy protein ATG8e associated with HIPP33 and recruited it for autophagic degradation in an AIM (ATG8-interacting motif)-dependent manner. Furthermore, purified HIPP33 protein directly bound with Cd in vitro. Accordingly, loss function of HIPP33 exhibited compromised Cd tolerance compared to wild-type Arabidopsis. Collectively, our findings propose a novel regulatory mechanism where HIPP33 serves as a selective autophagy receptor to target Cd for autophagy-dependent vacuolar sequestration in response to Cd stress, demonstrating the modulation of Cd detoxification by selective autophagy in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA Co-Regulates the Accumulation of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba in Response to UV-B Stress.","authors":"Chenliang Zhao, Meixuan Wang, Yongxiang Liu, Zeguo Yan, Bing Shen, Yizeng Lu, Hanlin Liu, Xinyu Yang, Li-Min Sun","doi":"10.1111/pce.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavonoids are key secondary metabolites involved in plant stress responses. As ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensity increases, plants experience heightened UV stress. To elucidate Ginkgo biloba's molecular adaptation to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) stress, we subjected G. biloba seedlings to daily UV-B irradiation at 10 kJ/m². The total flavonoid glycoside content in leaves increased significantly by Day 13 (2.64-fold compared to the CK), with quercetin accounting for over 90% of the accumulated flavonoids. Transcriptome analysis identified 3652 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 209 lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), and 52 miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). Notably, UV-B radiation upregulated key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including the F3'H family gene evm.</p><p><strong>Model: </strong>chr2.812 and the MYB transcription factor (TF) evm.</p><p><strong>Model: </strong>chr11.568. Trans-regulation analysis suggested lncRNAs modulate target genes: MSTRG.5750.1 and MSTRG.13336.1 potentially enhance evm.</p><p><strong>Model: </strong>chr2.812 and evm.</p><p><strong>Model: </strong>chr11.568 expression, while UV-B-repressed MSTRG.845.1 and MSTRG.3390.1 indirectly upregulated them. A ceRNA network revealed nine regulatory pairs, though associated miRNAs (gbi-miR-nov634-3, gbi-miR-nov789-3p) exhibited low abundance, indicating minor roles in UV-B response. These findings provide insights into the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in G. biloba under UV-B stress, advancing understanding of plant secondary metabolic adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Intensity Alters Thermal Tolerance During Heat and Cold Stress in Canopy Plant Species.","authors":"Qin Nie, Shiyu Dai, Jianwei Feng, Nawatbhrist Kitudom, Zexin Fan, Zhongfei Li, Hua Lin","doi":"10.1111/pce.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change increases extreme weather events like heat waves and cold waves. Understanding plant thermal tolerance is essential for assessing their safety. Measuring the Fv/Fm after dark thermal treatments is a common way to evaluate photosynthetic thermal tolerance, but it differs from real-world conditions with light-temperature covariation. To investigate how light influences thermal tolerance measurement, we tested the photosynthetic thermal tolerance of 20 naturally growing canopy species from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden under various light intensities. We found that weak light (300 μmol·m^-²·s^-¹) triggered species-specific responses in heat tolerance, while strong light (1000 μmol·m^-²·s^-¹) reduced heat tolerance across all tested species, except for Psidium guajava in T50_h. Weak light (200 μmol·m^-²·s^-¹) significantly reduced the cold tolerance of all 10 tested species. The species with higher gas exchange rate (E_max and A_max) were more resistant to light-induced damage under heat stress. Leaf thickness mitigated the reduction of heat tolerance caused by strong light and provided physical photoprotection under cold stress. These findings highlight the importance of considering both species-specific photoprotective capacities and ecological realism when evaluating photosynthetic thermal limits. This study helps us understand plant adaptation strategies and predict ecosystem responses to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLK2, a GOLDEN2-LIKE Transcription Factor, Directly Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation by Binding With Promoters of Key Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Xiyu Zeng, Luhuan Ye, Rui Zhang, Peng Wang","doi":"10.1111/pce.15675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulation of anthocyanin is a protective response to high light in plants, by absorbing excess energy and serving as antioxidant. Our study in Arabidopsis revealed that GOLDEN2-LIKE 2 (GLK2), a key transcription factor regulating chloroplast development, plays a crucial role in anthocyanin biosynthesis during seedling photomorphogenesis, especially under high light stress. We demonstrate that GLK2 acts as a transcriptional activator by directly binding to the promoters of anthocyanin late biosynthetic genes (LBGs) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (TTG1) gene, that encodes a key component of the regulatory MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex (which also activates LBGs). Another component of MBW complex, TT8, interacts with GLK2 and may take part in GLK2-mediated anthocyanin accumulation. DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1) facilitates the degradation of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) and GLKs in darkness by forming a ubiquitin ligase complex. Loss of DET1 resulted in increased anthocyanin production, while mutations of HY5 or GLK2 each partially suppresses the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in det1 mutant. In addition, HY5 and GLKs appear to regulate anthocyanin early and late biosynthesis with different preferences. We therefore propose the involvement of GLK2, partially independent of HY5, in promoting anthocyanin production as a protective measure against excessive light during seedling greening.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multifaceted Metabolic Role of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Submergence Tolerance.","authors":"Jagannath Swain, Alisdair R Fernie, Christine H Foyer, Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta","doi":"10.1111/pce.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Sustainable Utilization of Alfalfa Within the Phytomedicine Domain.","authors":"Sen Shi, Yun Guo, Hui Zhi","doi":"10.1111/pce.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild alfalfa is a ubiquitous legume crop and an important feed for livestock such as cattle and sheep. However, despite its agricultural significance, the potential of alfalfa as a medicinal raw material remains largely untapped, with particularly limited research focusing on the bioactivity of its phenolic compounds. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacities, and antimicrobial effects of three common wild alfalfa species to explore their potential as sustainable sources of phytomedicinal ingredients. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the growth characteristics, photosynthetic parameters and metabolic profiles of Medicago sativa (M. sativa) L., Medicago falcata (M. falcata) L. and Medicago ruthenica (M. ruthenica) L. collected from Hulunbuir Prairie, China. Phenolic compounds were quantified using HPLC-MS, while antioxidant activities were assessed via FRAP and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus], Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii) bacteria using agar diffusion and microdilution techniques. M. falcata L. demonstrated the greatest plant height (81 cm) and basal stem diameter (5.7 mm), while M. sativa L. exhibited the highest photosynthetic rate (9.3 μmol m^-2 s^-1) and chlorophyll content, indicating distinct species-specific adaptations. Phytochemical analysis showed that the leaves were rich in phenolic compounds including isoliquiritigenin and ferulic acid, while roots contained substantial l-phenylalanine and trigonelline. Leaf and root extracts of three wild alfalfa species exhibited notable antioxidant capacity, with M. ruthenica leaves showing the highest activity (FRAP: 149.2 ± 2.7 mmol Fe (II)/g DW; ABTS: 100.5 ± 2.8 mmol TE/g DW), highlighting their potential as natural antioxidant sources. The extracts exhibited selective antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive pathogens (S. aureus, etc.), demonstrating inhibition zones of 15.2-18.2 mm and MIC values of 313 mg/mL. Phenolic compounds in alfalfa possess biological activities such as antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Many phenolic compounds are difficult and expensive to synthesize, leading to supply shortages. Alfalfa, as a common and widely distributed crop, can provide a plant source for antioxidants and antimicrobials. This study provides new guidance to meet the demand for phytomedicinal ingredients. It offers data to support the development of medicines for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdDUF506 Enhances Aluminium Tolerance by Interacting With MdCNR8 in Apple.","authors":"Da-Ru Wang, Ming-Hui Xu, Xun Wang, Guo-Lin Chen, Qing Wang, An-Sheng Wang, Cheng-Hua Cao, Da-Qi Liu, Yan-Jiao Chen, Man-Shu Qu, Rui Yang, Lai-Qing Song, Ling-Ling Zhao, Chun-Xiang You","doi":"10.1111/pce.15659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As soil acidification occurs due to industrial and agricultural production processes, it can induce the release of rhizotoxic aluminium ions (Al³⁺) into the soil, ultimately causing aluminium (Al) stress. Excessive Al content in soil exhibits significant phytotoxicity, inhibiting the growth of roots and stems. In this study, we conducted an investigation into the Al stress tolerance of two apple rootstocks, namely 'YZ3' and 'YZ6', and discovered that 'YZ3' exhibited a superior ability to alleviate the inhibitory effects of Al stress on plant growth. By comparing the transcriptomes of two rootstocks, a differentially expressed gene, MdDUF506, containing an unknown functional (DUF) domain, was identified. Overexpression of MdDUF506 in apple and calli enhances the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), subsequently mitigating the oxidative damage induced by Al stress on plant growth and development. Furthermore, MdDUF506 regulates Al stress tolerance by modulating the expression of genes related to Al stress (MdSTOP1, MdRSL1, MdRSL4, MdGL2, and MdRAE1). MdDUF506 interacts with MdCNR8, positively regulating Al stress tolerance. Taken together, these discoveries offer crucial candidate genes for targeted breeding as well as fresh insights into resistance to Al stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}