生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Functional characterization of promiscuous 2-ODD enzymes sheds light on the molecular basis for flavone and flavonol biosynthesis in ferns","authors":"Jie Fu,&nbsp;Ying Lu,&nbsp;Jun-Li Zhang,&nbsp;Rong Ni,&nbsp;Xin-Yan Liu,&nbsp;Meng-Wen Hu,&nbsp;Jia-Hui Li,&nbsp;Jiao-Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Jiang-Nan Li,&nbsp;Dan-Dan Xu,&nbsp;Xue-Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Hong-Xiang Lou,&nbsp;Ai-Xia Cheng","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flavone synthase I (FNS I), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and flavonol synthase (FLS) are essential enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of flavones and flavonols. Notably, while FNS I and F3H have been extensively studied in early land plants, FLS has predominantly been characterized in seed plants, and there is a lack of functional studies on FLS in ferns. This research identified four 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) enzymes from four fern species: <i>Pteris vittata</i>, <i>Cibotium barometz</i>, <i>Dicksonia antarctica</i>, and <i>Platycerium bifurcatum</i>. These enzymes exhibited either trifunctional (FNS I/F3H/FLS) or bifunctional (FNS I/FLS) activities, indicating their significant roles in the biosynthesis of flavones and flavonols. Substituting the GxxTxLL/MQ motif in fern 2ODD with the conserved SxxTxLVP motif from seed plant FLS resulted in a marked decrease in FNS I activity, while FLS activity was maintained. Furthermore, overexpression of <i>Pv2ODD</i> in <i>fls</i> mutant Arabidopsis increased the flavone and flavonol content and improved seed germination under mannitol stress. Compared with the <i>fls</i> mutant, Pv2ODD/<i>fls</i> had lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities under mannitol stress. These findings suggest that the synthesis of flavones and flavonols in ferns was catalyzed by the promiscuous 2ODD exhibiting FNS I/F3H/FLS activity. Additionally, the results lay the groundwork for further exploration of the evolutionary connection between FNS I and FLS.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse genetics in the Arabidopsis chloroplast genome identifies rps16 as a transcribed pseudogene","authors":"Stephanie Ruf,&nbsp;Raphael Trösch,&nbsp;Laura Schollbach,&nbsp;Xenia Kroop,&nbsp;Joachim Forner,&nbsp;Shany Gefen-Treves,&nbsp;Anita Henze,&nbsp;Wolfram Thiele,&nbsp;Mark A. Schöttler,&nbsp;Reimo Zoschke,&nbsp;Ralph Bock","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plastid (chloroplast) genomes of seed plants contain a conserved set of ribosomal protein genes. The <i>rps16</i> gene represents an exception: It has been lost from the plastid genomes of gymnosperms and several lineages of angiosperms, and may have undergone pseudogenization in a few other lineages, including members of the Brassicaceae family. Here we report a reverse genetic approach to test the annotated <i>rps16</i> gene in the <i>Arabidopsis</i> plastid genome for functionality. Employing the recently developed plastid transformation technology for the model plant <i>Arabidopsis</i>, we have deleted the putative <i>rps16</i> gene from the <i>Arabidopsis</i> plastid genome. We report that the resulting transplastomic plants display wild-type-like growth and photosynthetic performance under a wide range of conditions. Moreover, genome-wide analyses of chloroplast transcript levels and ribosome footprints revealed unaltered plastid translational activity in Δrps16 mutants compared with wild-type plants. We conclude that the annotated <i>rps16</i> gene in the plastid genome of <i>Arabidopsis</i> is a transcribed pseudogene that has been replaced in evolution by a nuclear gene copy that supplies functional S16 protein to chloroplasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the metabolic reprogramming of developing thermogenic tissues in Nelumbo nucifera","authors":"Miao Yu,&nbsp;Siqin Wang,&nbsp;Lingdie Kong,&nbsp;Mengsha Huang,&nbsp;Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Yujun Liu,&nbsp;Ilga Porth,&nbsp;Ruohan Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermogenic plants exhibit high biosynthetic and energetic demands in their thermogenic organs at specific developmental stages. The receptacle of <i>Nelumbo nucifera</i> undergoes metabolic shifts alongside enhanced energy metabolism. Using infrared thermal imaging, we identified the greatest temperature difference between the receptacle and outer petals at the onset (S1) and peak (S2) thermogenic stages. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that alternative oxidase (AOX) and uncoupling protein (UCP) were highly expressed at both S1 and S2, while the expression level of cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (COX) at S2 was even lower than that at the pre-thermogenic stage (S0), indicating a possible respiratory flux shift favoring AOX respiration at S2. Additionally, the upregulation of UCP at the thermogenic stages raises the possibility of UCP-fueled thermogenesis. Metabolomic profiling revealed dynamic changes in both primary and secondary metabolites. At S0, amino acids and nucleotides accumulated significantly, while fatty acyl metabolites were prominently enriched at S2. At S2, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were upregulated compared with S0, aligning with their potential roles in pollinator attraction, whereas phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins declined compared with S1. The thermogenic decline stage (S3) and post-thermogenic stage (S4) were characterized by the reaccumulation of these non-volatile secondary metabolites, along with increased lignin biosynthesis. This study provides new insights into the metabolic adaptations of <i>N. nucifera</i> in plant–environment interactions and highlights the synergistic interplay between thermogenesis and secondary metabolism in promoting reproductive success.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The HECT-family protein UPL3 suppresses thermomorphogenesis by modulating BZR1 accumulation","authors":"Qiao-Yun Zhu,&nbsp;Mei-Jing Wang,&nbsp;Hui-Dan Luo,&nbsp;Lin-Lin Zhang,&nbsp;Hai-Ping Lu,&nbsp;Jian-Xiang Liu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70204","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brassinosteroid (BR) promotes hypocotyl growth at warm temperatures through BZR1 by directly regulating the expression of <i>PIF4</i>, or by interacting with PIF4 to enhance its downstream gene expression; however, how BZR1 level is modulated by warm temperature is not known. We found that the Homology to E6-Associated Carboxy-Terminus (HECT) E3 ubiquitin ligase UPL3 plays an important role in regulating the accumulation of BZR1 under warm temperature conditions. UPL3 interacted with BZR1 both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>; mutations in <i>UPL3</i> led to increased BZR1 accumulation levels and accelerated hypocotyl growth under warm temperature conditions, which was inhibited by the BR biosynthesis inhibitor BRZ. The expression of <i>PIF4</i> and its downstream genes was found to be increased in <i>upl3</i> mutants, and <i>PIF4</i> is epistatic to UPL3, further supporting that UPL3 is an upstream regulator of PIF4 in suppressing hypocotyl growth at warm temperatures. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of UPL3 in modulating BZR1 accumulation and, consequently, regulating thermo-responsive hypocotyl growth in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BAG2 mediates HsfA1a-induced thermotolerance by regulating heat shock proteins in tomato","authors":"Mingming He,&nbsp;Jiating Wu,&nbsp;Qingshen Cui,&nbsp;Nuo Fan,&nbsp;Huan Yan,&nbsp;Yihao Liu,&nbsp;Zonghua Pan,&nbsp;Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Jin Sun,&nbsp;Jian Wang,&nbsp;Shirong Guo,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70200","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) and Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) are crucial in response to heat stress. However, the relationship and regulation mechanism between Hsfs and BAGs in plants are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the HsfA1a-BAG2 module mediated thermotolerance through regulating heat shock proteins (HSPs) in tomato. Overexpression of <i>HsfA1a</i> in tomato increased thermotolerance and enhanced the expression of <i>HSP70</i>, <i>HSP90</i>, and <i>BAG2</i>, but compromised in <i>hsfa1a</i> mutant plants. Yeast one-hybrid, dual luciferase, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR assays found that HsfA1a directly bound to the promoter of <i>BAG2</i> to activate its expression. BAG2 interacted with HsfA1a and BAG5b both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Importantly, BAG5b facilitated the interaction between BAG2 and HsfA1a, resulting in enhanced transcriptional activation capacity of HsfA1a to <i>HSP70</i> and <i>HSP90</i>. Either overexpression of <i>BAG2</i> or <i>BAG5b</i> increased thermotolerance, concomitant with sustained expression levels of <i>HSP70</i> and <i>HSP90</i> genes. By contrast, knockout of <i>BAG2</i> or <i>BAG5b</i> displayed the opposite results. Furthermore, silencing of <i>BAG2</i> or <i>BAG5b</i> in <i>HsfA1a</i> overexpression plants attenuated HsfA1a-induced thermotolerance and <i>HSPs</i> expression. Thus, HsfA1a mediated thermotolerance through transcriptionally regulating <i>BAG2</i> and forming a complex with BAG2 and BAG5b to ultimately induce the expression of <i>HSPs</i> in tomato. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory network of Hsfs on <i>HSPs</i> under heat stress in plants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the internal trunk condition of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. with tomograms and visual parameters of fall risk","authors":"Tamílis das Graças Emerick,&nbsp;Angeline Martini,&nbsp;Marina Moura de Souza","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02625-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02625-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>Visual inspection parameters for predicting the risk of urban trees falling match the actual internal condition of the stem, as well as the results of tomograms (SoT and ERT).</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Eliminating the risk of tree falls in urban areas is economically and technically unfeasible. Effective management requires reliable tools to guide interventions and maximize urban forest benefits. This study examined the relationship between visual analysis and the internal condition of <i>Spathodea campanulata</i> trunks, using sonic (SoT) and electrical resistance (ERT) tomograms. The trunk sections from 30 removed trees at UFV (Viçosa-MG) were analyzed. The cavities appeared in 26.7% of cases, cracks in 20%, and wood deterioration in 10%. Tomograms aligned with cutting results in 70% of cases, with sonic tomography being easier for cavity detection and electrical tomography more accurate for wood deterioration. It was not possible to define a visual analysis methodology with association with the problems evidenced in the section. Combining tomographic and visual inspections enhances tree fall risk assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The RhEIN3–RhARGOS–RhHYD1 module connects ethylene and sterol signaling to regulate flower opening in rose","authors":"Haoran Ren,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Ji Tian,&nbsp;Yuming Liu,&nbsp;Xianhan Qiu,&nbsp;Muhammad Owais Shahid,&nbsp;Nan Ma,&nbsp;Junping Gao,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Zhou","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For rose (<i>Rosa hybrida</i>) plants, flowering is not only a reproductive and survival strategy but also a determinant of their ornamental value. Ethylene is a critical plant hormone that accelerates flower opening, and sterols are important regulatory factors in the ethylene signaling pathway; however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms through which sterols influence that pathway are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the sterol isomerase HYDRA1 (RhHYD1) participates in ethylene-induced flower opening in rose, and that AUXIN-REGULATED GENE IN ORGAN SIZE (RhARGOS) interacts with RhHYD1 and promotes its degradation. Knocking down <i>RhHYD1</i> transcript levels resulted in delayed flower opening and reduced ethylene sensitivity. Conversely, knocking down <i>RhARGOS</i> accelerated flower opening and increased ethylene sensitivity. Additionally, we determined that ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (RhEIN3), a pivotal transcription factor within the ethylene signaling pathway, binds to the <i>RhARGOS</i> promoter via TCTTCA motifs to promote <i>RhARGOS</i> transcription. In summary, our findings reveal that a RhEIN3–RhARGOS–RhHYD1 module regulates rose flower opening by connecting ethylene and sterol signaling, providing valuable insight into the mechanism underlying ethylene-promoted flower opening.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outside Front Cover Image","authors":"Jeonghwan Ahn,&nbsp;Feng Gao,&nbsp;Yang Dong","doi":"10.1111/pce.15607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15607","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Outside Front Cover: The cover image is based on the article <i>Developmental Mechanisms of Fruit Diversification in Angiosperms and the Evolutionary Implications</i> by Jeonghwan Ahn et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15453\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":"48 6","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/pce.15607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case study on the climate-growth signal stability and plasticity in European oak from ecologically contrasting sites – implications for dendroclimatological studies","authors":"Niels Bleicher,&nbsp;Georg von Arx","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02620-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02620-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>A multi-parameter-study of quantitative wood anatomy of oak reveals site-dependent climate-growth relations. Many of these are unstable, making climate reconstructions based on oak questionable. Winter temperatures may be an exception.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>In Europe, oak tree-ring chronologies spanning millennia offer considerable potential for dendroclimatology. However, site conditions might influence the climate-growth relationships, particularly for species such as lowland European oak (Quercus robur/petraea) that grow under a range of soil moisture conditions. The inclusion of sub-fossil or archaeological samples in chronologies often introduces uncertainty regarding the soil moisture regime in which the trees grew, potentially impacting the contained signal and the suitability of millennia-long oak chronologies as paleoclimate proxies. Here, we present a rare example of a multi-parameter study on the quantitative wood anatomy of oak. We analysed the climate-growth relationships of earlywood vessel sizes, earlywood width and latewood width in trees from five nearby stands situated on wet and dry soils in north-eastern Switzerland that experienced the same atmospheric conditions. We observed a large variety of climate-growth relationships. And we observed both signal plasticity (variability of climate growth relationships between site categories) and classical signal instability over time. In fact, the only stable relationships are between earlywood vessel sizes in trees on wet soils and winter/early spring temperatures. The relationship between late spring/early summer precipitation and latewood width on dry soils is probably stable as well but less reliable. In both cases, the correlation coefficient reaches values as high as <i>r</i> = 0.6. We suggest that signal instability needs to be explored with further and larger datasets before oak can be reliably used as a paleoclimate proxy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143902808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The AtHDA6-AtSK2 module promotes cold tolerance by enhancing shikimate metabolism and antioxidant activity","authors":"Jianxun Su,&nbsp;Yongke Tian,&nbsp;Shuyi Hao,&nbsp;Xing Jin,&nbsp;Zhihao He,&nbsp;Lizhe An,&nbsp;Yuan Song","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Low temperature is an environmental factor that significantly impairs the normal development of plants by limiting yield and quality. Although histone deacetylase HDA6 is involved in various biological processes, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its response to low temperatures remain unexplored in Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the <i>HDA6</i> expression pattern at low temperatures and discovered that cold stress-induced transcriptional activity increased the HDA6 protein level. Freezing experiments demonstrated that HDA6 functions as a positive regulator in response to low temperatures. The point mutant <i>axe1-5</i> and the <i>HDA6</i> CRISPR-edited knockout mutants <i>hda6</i>^<i>CR</i><i>-1</i> and <i>hda6</i>^<i>CR</i><i>-2</i> exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to low temperature, while the <i>HDA6-GFP/axe1-5</i> complementation line successfully restored the cold-sensitive phenotype of the <i>axe1-5</i> mutant. HDA6 interacted with and deacetylated shikimate kinase SK2. Furthermore, HDA6 enhanced SK2 protein stability under cold stress. The SK2-mediated shikimate metabolic pathway is crucial for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids, which are essential antioxidant precursors. Metabolomics analysis showed that the <i>hda6</i> mutant metabolites that decreased significantly under cold stress were primarily concentrated in the amino acid synthetic pathway. Additionally, the <i>hda6</i> and <i>sk2</i> mutants accumulated higher levels of superoxide anion but lower levels of antioxidant substances under cold stress, suggesting that HDA6 may enhance shikimate metabolism, downstream amino acid synthesis, and antioxidant accumulation by stabilizing SK2, thereby improving cold tolerance. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism by which HDA6 positively responds to low-temperature stress and identified the antifreeze genes <i>HDA6</i> and <i>SK2</i>. This study offers valuable genetic resources and theoretical support for breeding cold-resistant varieties and improving crop yield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}