历史学最新文献

{"title":"[Wu Lien-Teh and reports of the Second Plague in the Northeast in <i>YuanDong Bao</i> and <i>Bingjiang ShiBao</i>].","authors":"D Y Jin, L L Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241005-00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241005-00137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It was reported in <i>YuanDong Bao</i> and <i>Bingjiang ShiBao</i> that the second plague in the Northeast area in China (1920-1921) killed 9,300 people, a significant decrease compared with 60,000 deaths in the first epidemic in 1910. It was Wu Lien-Teh that took a series of scientific epidemic prevention measures in the second plague, which effectively blocked the spread of the epidemic to other cities based on <i>YuanDong Bao</i> and <i>Bingjiang ShiBao</i> reports. The epidemic prevention thoughts and methods of Wu Lien-Teh are important references for dealing with wide-spread public health emergencies in the future. The reports of these prevention thoughts and methods in <i>YuanDong Bao</i> and <i>Bingjiang ShiBao</i> are valuable first-hand historical materials, providing necessary historical evidence for research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The relationships between the compiler and the writers of the prefaces and postscripts in <i>Si Shi Bing Ji</i>].","authors":"B Li, M Z Hao, W N Zhang, T F Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240910-00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240910-00122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shao Dengying in the Qing Dynasty compiled <i>Si Shi Bing Ji,</i> a work on epidemic febrile diseases. This paper examined 16 prefaces and postscripts in the engraved, stone printed and handcopied versions of this book and analysed the relationships between the compiler and the authors of these prefaces and postscripts. Shao Dengying learned Chinese medicine from Xue Xue, an excellent physician on epidemic febrile diseases. He compiled <i>Si Shi Bing Ji</i> based on his clinical experiences on treating epidemic febrile diseases, toxins from epidemic febrile diseases and other relevant illnesses. The Shao' family school had a long history, from Shao Dengying to his son Shao Luzhan, grandson Shao Chunquan, great grandson Shao Bingyang, and great-great grandsons Shao Jingkang and Shao Jingyao, lasting five generations. The descendants of Shao Dengying developed and expanded the family school from generation to generation by inviting many distinguished doctors and experts to write prefaces and postscripts for their family school works. This is a typical model of medicine inheritance, which not only shows their medical inheritance characteristics and academic values, but also indicates the academic and cultural tradition of prefaces and postscripts written by popular figures to support publication and dissemination. This helps to appreciate and promote the content and value of this book from different perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The history of leprosy and its countermeasures in Norway].","authors":"B B Xie, D H Zhou, J Q Wang, X D Sang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240229-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240229-00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The breakout of leprosy in the history of Norway was influenced by two factors at least. It was partly because Norway was ruled by neighbouring countries for a long time so was underdeveloped, and partly it was a country with temperate marine climate. Leprosy came from Western Europe to Norway during the Viking Age (790-1066 CE) and peaked in the 13^th century when Norway was christianised and fully integrated with Europe with its participation in the crusades. At that time, the Christian Church cared for leprosy patients through its affiliated leprosariums. Leprosy nearly disappeared in Norway in the following two to three centuries because of the effects of the Black Death and the Little Ice Age. In the 19th century, Leprosy peaked again. The Norwegian government began its investigation and scientific research in this period, built up modern leprosariums, developed a leprosy registration system, and implemented strict and legal quarantine measures. Leprosy disappeared in Norway in the first half of the 20^th century. The history of leprosy in Norway showed its protracted and arduous nature, and the great achievements made by the Norwegian government in terms of constructing modern and scientific systems and the prevention and control practices to counter leprosy. This provides experiences and lessons for epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An interview with Professor Zheng Jinsheng on Sino-Japanese Academic Exchange].","authors":"J Q Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250205-00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250205-00018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Professor Zheng Jinsheng began his academic exchange with the Japanese academics in the 1980s. He traveled to Japan six times to participate in international conferences on the history of medicine for collaborative academic research with Japanese scholars. In particular, he undertook a research project in Japan for ten months from 1999 to 2000, with the support of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science. This successfully facilitated and improved the investigation of ancient Chinese medical materials remaining in Japan. It also established a long-term, close and productive academic relationship with Japanese scholar Mayanagi Makoto, a professor at Ibaraki University. Professor Zheng Jinsheng, in the interview, specifically described the process of Sino-Japanese academic exchange in medical history, demonstrated his understanding of the academic culture and achievements of Japanese scholars and shared his perception on the future development of research in the historical literature of Chinese medicine. His interview offers valuable insight into the collaborated process and the mutual benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"243-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The transformation and practice of public health perception in rural areas in the early years of the People's Republic of China:from tradition to modernity].","authors":"J Hu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250102-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250102-00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Communist Party of China faced many challenges, in the early years of the People's Republic of China, in terms of public health, such as scarce medical resources, rampant epidemics, and widespread feudal superstitious beliefs in rural areas. It unfolded a series of actions and regulations to improve perception and behaviors of farmers and peasants on public health, including presentations on their poor experiences to remind them of the root causes of health issues in the old society, improving their scientific health knowledge by instruction publicity and education, setting up evaluation criteria to contest on health knowledge, putting modern health knowledge into a guide which peasants could understand, implementing the system of setting up 'model examples' and making everyone a winner, and promoting the persistence of hygienic practice among the masses. This great public health practice program reshaped the perception and behavior of the public, providing historical insights for the implementation of \"the Healthy China\" strategy in the new era.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Edward H. Hume's understanding of traditional Chinese medicine].","authors":"T Gui","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241206-00170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241206-00170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Edward H. Hume is widely known for his \"empathy and understanding\" of traditional Chinese medicine because of his autobiography <i>Doctors East, Doctors West,</i> and monograph <i>The Chinese Way of Medicin</i>e. It was found that the following multiple factors contributed to his understanding of traditional Chinese medicine by examining the cross-cultural experiences of Hume in India, China, and the United States. Hume's classical education background and his Indian experience constituted his foresight and acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine culture before he came to China. The conflict between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in his clinical experience in Changsha drove him to confront and begin to learn traditional Chinese medicine. With the rising of medical history in China and the United States, his interactions with Chinese medical historians pushed forward his research of Chinese medical history and made him disseminate traditional Chinese medicine to the world. His main source of knowledge for his affirmation and appraisal of the historical achievements of traditional Chinese medicine came from some writings by Chinese medical scholars in English, in particular, from the works of Professor K. C. Wong. Another source of Hume's knowledge of understanding traditional Chinese medicine philosophically and culturally came from the growing research of Sinology development in America at that time.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The meanings of 'Zong Mai'].","authors":"Y Q Mao, L L Yu, T Qiu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241125-00163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241125-00163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>'Zong Mai' firstly appeared in <i>Ling Shu</i> of <i>Inner Cannon of the Yellow Emperor (Huang Di Nei Jing)</i>. Its meanings are complicated and controversial. This paper examined 'Zong Mai' in terms of semantics, critical interpretation of ancient texts and the theories of traditional Chinese medicine. The paper aims to clarify two things. One is that ZONG () is not similar to ZHONG () and ZONG () in meanings. Another is that 'Zong Mai' is different from 'the centralised focus' (). It was found that 'Zong Mai' does not refer to 'numerous meridians' but specifically stands for an important major meridian closely related to the San Jiao (formed by the aggregation of various meridians). This might provide an active guide for current clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[<i>Pei Zi Yan Yi</i> and its author].","authors":"X Y Li, A W Zhuang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241028-00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241028-00147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pei Zi Yan Yi</i> is a medical book written by Pei Yizhong, a popular physician in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province in the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasties. This study combed through almost all existing versions of the book and its relevant historical materials. It was found that <i>Pei Zi Yan Yi</i> was originally written in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, first published in 1671 and amended with the addition of <i>Shan Run Yuan Bing Shi</i> in 1713. Few copies of <i>Pei Zi Yan Yi</i> was extant, and the content of existing versions was found to be incomplete and seldom appeared in bibliographical documents. This might be due to the influence of the Literary Inquisition Case in the Yong Zheng period and the political stance of Pei's family. This study attempts to explore the academic value of <i>Pei Zi Yan Yi</i> and offer insights to the political situation and lifestyle of the medical and Confucian groups in the south of Yangzi River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 4","pages":"209-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exploring the characteristics of the prescriptions in the <i>Zi Zai Hu Tian</i>].","authors":"M Zhu, C Li, Y J Song, H Guo","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240319-00034","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240319-00034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Zi Zai Hu Tian</i>, the medical book with content consisting of prescriptions, was copied by Sun Jishuo in the period of Kangxi Emperor in the Qing Dynasty. It is extremely precious as the only remaining book, now held in the library of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It had five volumes with more than 1,200 prescriptions. These prescriptions were organised according to symptoms and divided into internal medicine, gynecology and pediatrics, regimen, external medicine and detoxicant for weird diseases and animal diseases. Multiple prescriptions might be provided for one disease with diverse dosages. The prescriptions in Volume III focused on regimen, involving a total of 309 prescriptions. These prescriptions covered a variety of medicine, using products of flesh and blood with homology of medicine and food. They centred on \"tonifying the kidney and filling up the essence\", regulating the spleen and stomach and combining the tonic food and prolonging the life with flexible and diverse dosages. The medicine from these prescriptions were taken as pills with wine. Their processing was complicated, normally combined with the concepts of \"Wu Xing\" (the five elements about time and sequence). All prescriptions were believed deeply influenced by Taoist culture. They have important literature value and can provide reference for modern Chinese medicine research and clinical health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 3","pages":"173-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The cultural interpretation of Ju Jing: a myth in ancient China versus an allusion in traditional Chinese medicine].","authors":"M M Duan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241117-00156","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20241117-00156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>'Ju Jing', an allusion in traditional Chinese medicine, came from <i>The Biography of Su Dan (Su Dan Zhuan)</i> in <i>The Legends of Immortal (Lie Xian Zhuan)</i> and <i>The Biographies of the Deities and Immortals (Shen Xian Zhuan)</i>. The hero of 'Ju Jing' Su Dan, in these myths, was imagined as a representative figure who satisfied the needs of ordinary people for medical demands, a moral model who was of loyal and filial piety proposed by ruling classes and an image with deities authorised by omnisciences. In this sense, the hero of 'Ju Jing' was embraced widely and was praised highly by generations because of the cultural adhesion of 'Ju Jing'. As a result, 'Ju Jing' was taken as a synonym of traditional Chinese medicine because this allusion took place in the context of traditional Chinese medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"55 3","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}