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Mental Healthcare Providers Understanding and Experiences of Palliative Care: A Qualitative Analysis. 心理保健提供者对姑息关怀的理解和体验:定性分析。
IF 17.7 1区 化学
Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/08258597221134865
Tanya Park, Lydia Mutoni, Ramya Sridhar, Kathy Hegadoren, Bernadette Workun
{"title":"Mental Healthcare Providers Understanding and Experiences of Palliative Care: A Qualitative Analysis.","authors":"Tanya Park, Lydia Mutoni, Ramya Sridhar, Kathy Hegadoren, Bernadette Workun","doi":"10.1177/08258597221134865","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08258597221134865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the experiences and perceptions of mental health providers about palliative care. <b>Background:</b> Little attention is paid to the experience of people with chronic persistent mental illness (CPMI) and life-threatening diseases and how their dying experience might differ from those without a CPMI. <b>Methods:</b> Interpretive description informed the project. Sixteen mental health care providers were interviewed using a semi-structured interview template. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a reflexive, inductive-deductive thematic approach, guided by Braun & Clarke's framework for thematic analysis. <b>Results:</b> Four themes were identified from the data: intersectionality, limited collaboration, misconceptions about palliative care, and relationships. Mental health providers identified gaps in their knowledge of palliative care practices along with their knowledge of death and dying.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":" ","pages":"322-328"},"PeriodicalIF":17.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12318162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40562849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Protein Signatures in Small Extracellular Vesicles Based on Proteomics. 基于蛋白质组学的细胞外小泡结直肠癌相关蛋白特征鉴定
IF 3.6 2区 生物学
Journal of Proteome Research Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00509
Xiaoqing Ding, Xuan Huang, Junfeng Jiang, Shuang Han, Yanjun Zhou, Zhonghu Bai, Fang Gong
{"title":"Identification of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Protein Signatures in Small Extracellular Vesicles Based on Proteomics.","authors":"Xiaoqing Ding, Xuan Huang, Junfeng Jiang, Shuang Han, Yanjun Zhou, Zhonghu Bai, Fang Gong","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical management of colorectal cancer (CRC) urgently requires more accurate serum protein biomarkers. While conventional proteomic approaches are hindered by the high abundance of resident blood proteins, this study utilized a highly sensitive four-dimensional label-free quantitative (4D-LFQ) proteomic strategy to analyze the protein cargo of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). We purified sEVs via ultracentrifugation from pooled serum samples of 76 CRC patients and 40 healthy controls, alongside seven paired CRC tumors and adjacent normal tissues. A total of 1187 high-confidence proteins were identified in serum sEVs using 4D-LFQ analysis. Validation in an independent cohort using four-dimensional parallel reaction monitoring (4D-PRM) confirmed the significant elevation of six candidate proteins (ANXA11, ANXA5, CALR, KPNB1, OIT3, and OLFM4) in CRC sEVs. These candidates exhibited strong diagnostic performance (AUCs 0.769 - 0.869). Crucially, in early-stage CRC, the sEV candidate proteins were significantly elevated compared to controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas conventional markers CEA and CA19-9 failed to discriminate (<i>p</i> > 0.05). A logistic regression model combining the five available sEV proteins and two conventional markers demonstrated 78.26% sensitivity and 96.67% specificity for early detection (AUC = 0.961). Our findings nominate these sEV protein signatures as promising noninvasive biomarkers for CRC diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differentiating Gastric Cancers from Acid Peptic Diseases through Integrative Targeted Proteomics and Machine Learning Approaches. 通过综合靶向蛋白质组学和机器学习方法区分胃癌和酸性消化性疾病。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学
Journal of Proteome Research Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00547
Poornima Ramesh, Shubham Sukerndeo Upadhyay, Sonet Daniel Thomas, Chandrashekar Jeevaraj Sorake, Ganesh M K, Vijith Vittal Shetty, Prashant Kumar Modi, Rohan Shetty, Manavalan Vijayakumar, Jalaluddin Akbar Kandel Codi, Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
{"title":"Differentiating Gastric Cancers from Acid Peptic Diseases through Integrative Targeted Proteomics and Machine Learning Approaches.","authors":"Poornima Ramesh, Shubham Sukerndeo Upadhyay, Sonet Daniel Thomas, Chandrashekar Jeevaraj Sorake, Ganesh M K, Vijith Vittal Shetty, Prashant Kumar Modi, Rohan Shetty, Manavalan Vijayakumar, Jalaluddin Akbar Kandel Codi, Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad","doi":"10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancers (GCs) are often diagnosed in advanced stages owing to nonspecific early symptoms resembling Acid Peptic Diseases (APDs). Despite recent efforts, a simple, liquid biopsy-based multiprotein panel prediagnostic assay capable of differentiating GCs from APDs is lacking. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based targeted proteomics methods, including Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), are utilized as the method of choice to develop Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs) that revolutionize GC early diagnosis and screening. In this study, a 22-min MS-MRM LDT was developed and tested to quantify a serum protein panel in 135 serum samples from treatment-naive cases of GCs, APDs, and healthy individuals. Notably, a novel Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based pattern recognition scoring architecture, integrated with a model explainability tool (SHAP), was developed to score and categorize GCs. The MRM-MS assay produced minimal carryover and matrix effects, with adequate limits of detection/quantification. Quantities of SAA1 and IGFBP2, as determined through ELISA, demonstrated similar sensitivity compared to the LDT. Importantly, the DNN-based scoring architecture efficiently differentiated GCs from the rest of the samples (AUROC = 0.95), with average precision marking >0.90 and minimal bias in protein expression affecting model performance. This LDT can serve as a prediagnostic screening method to distinguish GCs from APDs, guiding clinicians and patients in proceeding with a confirmatory diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Proteome Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, Immunogenicity, and Model-Informed-Based PK/PD Model of a Next-Generation Advanced Novel Gene Therapy for Hemophilia. 新一代血友病先进基因疗法的药代动力学、生物分布、免疫原性和基于模型的PK/PD模型
IF 4.5 2区 医学
Molecular Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00918
Dehu Dou, Jing Lu, Peixin Sangchen, Chaorui Guo, Deli Li, Fengxia He, Xi Zhu, Xuefeng Zhang, Xijing Chen
{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, Immunogenicity, and Model-Informed-Based PK/PD Model of a Next-Generation Advanced Novel Gene Therapy for Hemophilia.","authors":"Dehu Dou, Jing Lu, Peixin Sangchen, Chaorui Guo, Deli Li, Fengxia He, Xi Zhu, Xuefeng Zhang, Xijing Chen","doi":"10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophilia B is an X-linked hereditary coagulation condition resulting from a defect in the factor IX gene. Gene-based delivery offers a promising alternative to protein-based medicines. The efficacy and safety may be influenced by several parameters, including the dosage of gene therapy, biological distribution, transduction efficiency, immunogenicity risk, or the molecular causes of inhibitor formation. The mechanism for determining the clinical first-in-human (FIH) dose of AAV-based gene therapy continues to pose challenges. This study aims to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics model (PK/PD) of VGB-R04 gene therapy for prediction of clinical dose. The pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic, and immunogenicity studies of VGB-R04 via intravenous injection in mice and cynomolgus monkeys were conducted to support an investigational new drug (IND) application. The end points included pharmacodynamic biomarkers, biodistribution, viral shedding, clinical pathology and histopathology, anti-AAV8 neutralizing antibodies, and anti-hFIX Padua protein antibody test. The peak concentration was noted 1 h after injection, subsequently exhibiting a distinct decline over time. The elimination rate of target genes in mice blood exceeded that in cynomolgus monkeys. The concentration in liver tissues indicated distinct liver tissue tropism. The elimination rate of target genes in mice livers exceeded that in cynomolgus monkeys. The plasma concentration of hFIX Padua protein exhibited a dose-dependent elevation in mice at doses of 8 × 10<sup>11</sup>, 2.4 × 10<sup>12</sup>, and 8 × 10<sup>12</sup> vg/kg. Cynomolgus monkeys exhibited significant elevation in plasma concentrations of hFIX Padua protein at 4 × 10<sup>13</sup> vg/kg. A significant reduction in FIX activity and hFIX protein was observed in most of the animals starting about 4 weeks after dosing. In most animals, anti-hFIX Padua neutralizing antibody titers were detected at about week 4 of the monkeys and correlated with the preceding reductions in hFIX expression. Anti-AAV8 neutralizing antibodies can be detected in both species, but no antibodies against anti-hFIX Padua were found in mice. The research revealed the potential pharmacological and immunogenicity benefits, pharmacokinetic characteristics with target distribution, and possible safety of VGB-R04 in mice and cynomolgus monkeys following a single dosage. The model's adequacy and robustness were assessed by VPC and bootstrap methods. Utilizing these data, we formulated a semimechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic quantitative model at a dosage of 4 × 10<sup>12</sup> vg/kg to enhance clinical translation, optimize clinical decision-making, and inform personalized therapy, despite the absence of suitable quantitative published data for developing pharmacokinetic models in gene therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":52,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Pharmaceutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biharmonic-Drive Tunable Josephson Diode. 双谐波驱动可调谐约瑟夫森二极管。
IF 9.1 1区 材料科学
Nano Letters Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03922
Laura Borgongino, Rubén Seoane Souto, Alessandro Paghi, Giulio Senesi, Katarzyna Skibinska, Lucia Sorba, Elisa Riccardi, Francesco Giazotto, Elia Strambini
{"title":"Biharmonic-Drive Tunable Josephson Diode.","authors":"Laura Borgongino, Rubén Seoane Souto, Alessandro Paghi, Giulio Senesi, Katarzyna Skibinska, Lucia Sorba, Elisa Riccardi, Francesco Giazotto, Elia Strambini","doi":"10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superconducting diode effect has garnered significant interest due to its prospective applications in cryogenic electronics and computing, enabling directional supercurrent transport. This phenomenon has been demonstrated across various superconducting platforms, which typically necessitate unconventional materials with broken spatial symmetries or external magnetic fields, posing scalability and integration challenges. This work introduces an innovative method to realize the superconducting diode effect by disrupting spatiotemporal symmetries in a conventional Josephson junction utilizing a biharmonic alternating-current (AC) drive signal. We achieve wireless modulation of the diode's polarity and efficiency with an antenna. Our findings indicate a diode efficiency reaching the ideal 100% over a broad frequency range, with a temperature resilience of up to 800 mK, and efficient AC signal rectification. This versatile and platform-independent superconducting diode signifies a promising component for advancing future superconducting digital electronics, including efficient logic gates, ultrafast switches, and dynamic half-wave supercurrent rectifiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":53,"journal":{"name":"Nano Letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design of Novel Thioether-Amide-Functionalized Polymers for Au(III) Adsorption in Complex Wastewater Systems: Selectivity and Reusability. 新型硫醚酰胺功能化聚合物在复杂废水系统中吸附金(III)的设计:选择性和可重用性。
IF 2.9 2区 化学
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c03303
Yihui Wu, Dawei Xiang, Manying Zhu, Yuefeng Chen, Jiaxin Luo, Shixing Wang
{"title":"Design of Novel Thioether-Amide-Functionalized Polymers for Au(III) Adsorption in Complex Wastewater Systems: Selectivity and Reusability.","authors":"Yihui Wu, Dawei Xiang, Manying Zhu, Yuefeng Chen, Jiaxin Luo, Shixing Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c03303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5c03303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recovery of gold (Au(III)) from wastewater can not only alleviate environmental pollution but also solve the depletion of natural gold resources. In this work, a novel polymer MPPTD containing amide and thioether functional groups was synthesized and investigated for its efficiency in gold recovery. MPPTD exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity of 970.07 mg/g at 318 K and pH 3, and its adsorption process was an endothermic reaction. The adsorption process can be well described by the Redlich-Peterson (R-P) and Elovich models, indicating that it is a hybrid chemical adsorption process with internal diffusion as the main limiting step. Extensive characterization by ζ-potential, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that MPPTD adsorbs Au(III) mainly through electrostatic interaction, chelation, and reduction processes. Importantly, MPPTD exhibited superior selectivity for Au(III) over competing ions and maintained a stable adsorption efficiency of more than 81.39% after five cycles. These findings make MPPTD an efficient, sustainable, and reusable adsorbent for gold recovery, demonstrating its potential for application in industrial wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":60,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry B","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microcarbonation of Naphthalene: An Experimental and Computational Study of Photoionization in Naphthalene-Carbon Dioxide Clusters. 萘微碳化:萘-二氧化碳团簇光离的实验与计算研究。
IF 2.8 2区 化学
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5c03651
Anna Wannenmacher, Alexander Lemmens, Nureshan Dias, Jennifer Bergner, Musahid Ahmed
{"title":"Microcarbonation of Naphthalene: An Experimental and Computational Study of Photoionization in Naphthalene-Carbon Dioxide Clusters.","authors":"Anna Wannenmacher, Alexander Lemmens, Nureshan Dias, Jennifer Bergner, Musahid Ahmed","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpca.5c03651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5c03651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The photoionization of naphthalene (<i>N</i>)-carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) clusters was studied using tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation from a synchrotron in the photon range of 8.0 to 13.7 eV, in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clusters of monomer, dimer, and trimer naphthalene with CO<sub>2</sub> (N(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0-6</sub>, N2(CO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0-3</sub>, N3) were observed. The lowest-energy conformers were obtained via a conformer search, followed by geometry optimizations at the ωB97X-V2/aug-cc-pVTZ (monomer) and ωB97X-V2/aug-cc-pVDZ (dimer) levels of theory. Carbon dioxide was found to preferentially cluster on top of the naphthalene molecule (in an out-of-plane configuration). From the mass spectra, photoionization intensity curves (PICs) were constructed, and appearance energies (AEs) were determined. No substantial trend in AE was observed with increasing size of the naphthalene-carbon dioxide clusters; rather, AE oscillations around the value for pure naphthalene were observed. These AE oscillations are also observed in a recently studied naphthalene-water cluster system, though in this system a slight downward trend in AE for pure naphthalene clusters (N1/2/3/4) was observed. The differences between the two systems are attributed to differing interaction strengths. Understanding these differences may aid in determining how photoprocessing can proceed differently depending on the dominant matrix component in interstellar ices.</p>","PeriodicalId":59,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry A","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nucleic Acid Sequence Determinants of Transcriptional Pausing by the Human Mitochondrial RNA Polymerase (POLRMT). 人类线粒体RNA聚合酶(POLRMT)转录暂停的核酸序列决定因素。
IF 3 3区 生物学
Biochemistry Biochemistry Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00236
An H Hsieh, Tatiana V Mishanina
{"title":"Nucleic Acid Sequence Determinants of Transcriptional Pausing by the Human Mitochondrial RNA Polymerase (POLRMT).","authors":"An H Hsieh, Tatiana V Mishanina","doi":"10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5c00236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcription by RNA polymerase (RNAP) lies at the heart of gene expression in all organisms. The speed with which RNAPs produce RNA is tuned, in part, by signals in the transcribed nucleic acid sequences, which temporarily arrange RNAPs into a paused conformation that is unable to extend the RNA. In turn, the altered transcription kinetics of paused RNAPs determine the three-dimensional shape into which RNA ultimately folds and promote or inhibit cotranscriptional events. While pause sequence determinants have been characterized for multisubunit RNAPs in bacteria and in eukaryotic nuclei, this information is lacking for the single-subunit, T-odd phage-like RNAP of human mitochondria, POLRMT. Here, we developed a robust nucleic acid scaffold system to reconstitute POLRMT transcription <i>in vitro</i> and identified multiple transcriptional pause sites on the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Using one of the pause sequences as a representative, we performed a suite of mutational studies to pinpoint the nucleic acid elements that enhance, weaken, or completely abolish POLRMT pausing. Based on these mutational results, we constructed a consensus pause motif expected to cause strong pausing for POLRMT: 5'-R<sub>-10</sub>NNNNNNNGT<sub>-1</sub>G<sub>+1</sub>-3', where -1 is the 3' nascent RNA nucleotide in the POLRMT active site, +1 is the incoming NTP to be added to the nascent RNA, R is A or G, and N is any base. Strikingly, most of the consensus pause elements in this motif are the same for multisubunit prokaryotic and nuclear RNAPs, hinting at potentially shared features of the pausing mechanism despite the structural differences between polymerases. Finally, a search of the human mtDNA for this pause motif revealed multiple predicted pause sites with potential roles in mitochondrial cotranscriptional processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":28,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurotransmitters in Neural Circuits and Neurological Diseases. 神经回路和神经系统疾病中的神经递质。
IF 3.9 3区 医学
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00426
Amir Gholami, Keywan Mortezaee
{"title":"Neurotransmitters in Neural Circuits and Neurological Diseases.","authors":"Amir Gholami, Keywan Mortezaee","doi":"10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5c00426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Movement and behavioral disturbances occur due to imbalances in neurotransmitter receptor/ligand activities and manifest in the form of basal ganglia- and limbic-related diseases. Diseases in the two systems are all characterized, but there are still complexities and controversies regarding the implication of neural circuits in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. Thus, we aimed to illustrate the mechanistic backbone of neurotransmitter activities in neural circuits for the sake of better clarification of such diseases and their possible application as a map for the development of new drugs or novel treatment modalities, particularly considering the overlapping circuits for some disorders. The neural circuits unveil hypoactivity of the mesostriatal pathway as a key characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD), while disturbances in mesocortical and mesolimbic circuits define schizophrenia pathophysiology. Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) within the striatum take direct and indirect neuronal pathways and express D1 and D2 receptors to finally stimulate the cortical activity. Selective neuronal loss in the striatal indirect pathway defines Huntington's disease (HD). HD and hemiballismus (HB) display subthalamus nucleus (STN) deactivation and the subsequent removal of the subthalamus stimulatory effect on the pallidum. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) evolves due to dysregulations in prefrontal cortex (PFC)-related dopaminergic, norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholine (Ach) neurons and in the PFC control over amygdala (misery-feeling; low serotonin and imbalanced gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]-glutamate [Glu]), with the latter also accountng for increasing fear response in chronic stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and evolving depression phase in bipolar disorder (BD). Defects in the reward-seeking (accumbens) are involved in the BD manic phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":13,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling-Making-Modulating High-Entropy Alloy with Activated Water-Dissociation Centers for Superior Electrocatalysis. 模拟-制造-调制具有活化水解离中心的高熵合金用于优越的电催化。
IF 15.6 1区 化学
Journal of the American Chemical Society Pub Date : 2025-09-17 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5c08012
Ho Ngoc Nam, Ravi Nandan, Lei Fu, Yingji Zhao, Yunqing Kang, Tetsuya Fukushima, Kazunori Sato, Yusuke Asakura, Ovidiu Cretu, Jun Kikkawa, Joel Henzie, Jonathan P Hill, Takeshi Yanai, Quan Manh Phung, Yusuke Yamauchi
{"title":"Modeling-Making-Modulating High-Entropy Alloy with Activated Water-Dissociation Centers for Superior Electrocatalysis.","authors":"Ho Ngoc Nam, Ravi Nandan, Lei Fu, Yingji Zhao, Yunqing Kang, Tetsuya Fukushima, Kazunori Sato, Yusuke Asakura, Ovidiu Cretu, Jun Kikkawa, Joel Henzie, Jonathan P Hill, Takeshi Yanai, Quan Manh Phung, Yusuke Yamauchi","doi":"10.1021/jacs.5c08012","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jacs.5c08012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have recently emerged as promising electrocatalysts for complex reactions owing to their tunable electronic structures and diverse, unique binding sites. However, their vast compositional space, in terms of both elemental variety and atomic ratios, presents a major challenge to the rational design of high-performance catalysts, as experimental efforts are often hindered by ambiguous element selection and inefficient trial-and-error methods. In this work, a bottom-up research strategy using machine learning-assisted first-principles calculations was applied to accelerate the design of quinary HEAs toward efficient multielectron transfer reactions. Here, we report the design of PtPdRhRuMo, which exhibits key physicochemical properties favoring the methanol oxidation reaction. Notably, the incorporation of Mo as the fifth element significantly activates specific binding sites on HEA surfaces, enhancing methanol adsorption and, in particular, the water dissociation ability. This facilitates hydroxyl species formation, which effectively mitigates CO intermediate adherence while promoting the complete oxidation of CH<sub>3</sub>OH to CO<sub>2</sub> via alternative reaction pathways. Guided by theoretical predictions, experimental samples with different morphologies of mesoporous PtPdRhRuMo catalyst (m-HEANP(Mo) nanoparticles and m-HEAF(Mo) thin film) were then synthesized, demonstrating superior electrocatalysis with a large current density of up to 18.20 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and a mass activity of 9.89 A mg<sub>Pt</sub><sup>-1</sup>, alongside the long-term durability for efficient methanol electrooxidation applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":49,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","volume":" ","pages":"33545-33558"},"PeriodicalIF":15.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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