Chemical Society Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemical conversion of low-concentration carbon dioxide to multicarbon products: advances, challenges, and perspectives","authors":"Xuanzhao Lu,Chen Qin,Jingyao Xia,Baozhen Yuan,Tangrui Li,Chen Zhou,Yujing Jiang,Ao Xia,Bing Song,Richen Lin,Wenlei Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00916f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00916f","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising route to valorize CO2 streams and to store renewable electricity in the form of chemicals and fuels. High-purity CO2 gas has been widely used as the feedstock for most of the CO2RR studies, while real-world CO2 sources typically have a low concentration with various contaminants, requiring extra cost for CO2 capture and purification steps. The direct utilization of low-concentration and impurity-containing CO2 for the CO2RR offers a practical approach to substantially address this problem. Furthermore, compared with C1 products, multicarbon (C2+) ones are more desirable due to their higher energy density and more significant market needs. Considering the lack of a timely review on the state-of-the-art progress of electrochemical conversion of low-concentration CO2 to C2+ products, developing an appropriate and prompt summary of such a rapidly growing field with a comprehensive understanding is necessary. In this review, we explore the recent progress in direct electrolysis of low-concentration CO2 to C2+ products from several aspects, including design strategies for the diluted CO2RR to C2+ products, treatment methods for the CO2RR to C2+ products in a gas-impurity-containing CO2 atmosphere, direct electrolysis of CO2 capture solutions to C2+ products, and bioelectrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to C2+ products. Significantly, the technoeconomic analysis of low-concentration CO2 electroreduction is presented, including cost components, output metrics, and a survey of recent case studies on low-concentration CO2-to-C2+ conversion. Finally, we propose an outlook on future challenges and some opportunities for this promising research field.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen borrowing with heterogeneous catalysis","authors":"Karel Weemaes,Robby Vroemans,Guangxin Xue,Henrik Junge,Sergey Sergeyev,Matthias Beller,Bert U. W. Maes","doi":"10.1039/d3cs00314k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cs00314k","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen borrowing (HB) is a transition metal-catalyzed methodology that enables the formation of C–N, C–C, and C–S bonds using alcohols (or sometimes amines) as alkylating agents. This sustainable approach only produces water as a byproduct and eliminates the need for stoichiometric oxidants and reductants. HB is particularly relevant for the (future) valorization of oxygen-rich renewable feedstocks, which typically contain OH groups, allowing upgrading to higher-value products, thereby contributing to the CO2 footprint reduction of the chemical industry. While homogeneous catalysts have demonstrated high selectivity and efficiency, their industrial applicability remains limited due to cost and difficulty in recovery and reuse. On the other hand, heterogeneous HB catalysts offer the advantage of improved recyclability and scalability (continuous production). This review is structured around the three key HB reactions, namely C–N, C–C, and C–S bond formation. The first section focuses on C–N bond formation, highlighting the alkylation of amines, ammonia, and nitrogens in conjugation with X═O (X = C, S, S═O, or P). Also, aromatic alcohol amination (i.e. phenols) and the synthesis of N-heterocycles are covered. The second section discusses C–C bond formation covering homo- (i.e. Guerbet reaction) and heterocoupling of alcohols, α-alkylation of ketones, amides and nitrile derivatives, and alkylation of fluorenes and electron-rich aromatics (i.e. phenols and indoles). Finally, the third section summarizes the less-studied C–S bond formation, which presents opportunities for greener thiolation strategies using H2S, thiols, and dithiocarbamates. Through these three sections, this review is further subdivided per support type (based on carbon, inorganic, coordination polymers and MOFs, non-supported, and supported catalysts) and provides an overview of recent advancements in heterogeneous HB catalysis and its potential for sustainable chemical synthesis. A specific section on the most important renewable alcohols indicating their current technology readiness levels is included, giving an idea on the state of the upstream processes to access them.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149374949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in multicolor inorganic persistent luminescent materials: mechanisms, properties, and applications.","authors":"Yuhua Wang, Xilin Ma, Hongzhe Zhang, Yujie Peng","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00472e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00472e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent luminescent materials (PersLMs) have garnered significant attention in academic research and industry due to their unique eco-friendly \"light absorption-storage-delayed emission\" properties. In recent years, multicolor PersLMs have expanded their applications from traditional weak-light illumination to emerging fields by covering the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. This review, based on our laboratory's research and other literature, focuses on the latest advancements in multicolor PersLMs. First, the afterglow mechanisms and existing controversies are discussed, then we summarize application-oriented performance evaluation criteria and multiscale regulation strategies from the macro- to the micro-perspectives. After systematically classifying recent novel PersLMs, we further elaborate on the rational design principles of multicolor PersLMs by elucidating the interplay among crystal structure, electronic structure, and defect chemistry for enhancing efficiency and optimizing color conversion, outlining their value in the fields of information, security, sensing, and biomedicine. Finally, the core challenges of multicolor PersLMs are proposed. Through this comprehensive and in-depth review, we are committed to providing valuable and insightful scientific perspectives to scholars and experts engaged in PersLMs and their diverse applications of light-storage and light-conversion. We are confident that this work can inspire and broaden new research frontiers in this rapidly evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-carbon-supported low-loading precious metals: from rational synthesis to mechanism insight for advanced electrocatalysis.","authors":"Yu Wang, Qing Liu, Qihao Wang, Jing Li, Tianyi Ma, Weiping Xiao, Zhongyong Yuan, Zexing Wu, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00046k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00046k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-carbon-supported low-loading precious-metal (NCS-LLPM) electrocatalysts address the cost and scarcity bottlenecks inherent in precious metals through their ultralow loading, rendering scale-up economically viable. Their combined activity and durability meet device-level operational requirements and facilitate the laboratory-to-device transition toward industrial electrolyzers. Scaled deployment in clean electrochemical conversion curtails reliance on fossil-derived processes, offering a tangible route to emission reduction and sustainability. Rational design of non-carbon supports exploits their diverse bonding modes and coordination configurations with metal sites, which constitute structural degrees of freedom largely absent in conventional carbon supports. This bonding drives charge transfer and orbital hybridization, reshaping the electronic structure of the anchored metal and tightening the metal-support interaction. These reinforced interactions also suppress the oxidative corrosion and agglomeration that typically degrade carbon-supported catalysts, improving long-term operational stability. This review first summarizes typical synthetic routes and highlights advanced strategies including microwave-assisted fabrication and high-throughput screening. The role of non-carbon supports in regulating catalytic performance is examined in terms of electronic structure modulation, conductivity enhancement, and coordination-environment optimization. It further categorizes reported NCS-LLPM catalysts, including emerging single-atom systems, and summarizes recent advances across key energy conversion reactions, such as hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction, nitrate reduction, alcohol oxidation, and carbon dioxide reduction. Analysis of inherent trade-offs across different support families reveals a set of general design principles and identifies dynamically adaptive metal-support interfaces as a unifying framework for achieving high performance. Finally, critical challenges in scalable synthesis and practical implementation are discussed, together with targeted optimization strategies and perspectives for future development.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOFs for photonics: bridging photocatalysis, optical wireless communication, and high-energy radiation sensing.","authors":"Jian-Xin Wang, Osama Shekhah, Gurwinder Singh, Ajayan Vinu, Mohamed Eddaoudi, Omar F Mohammed","doi":"10.1039/d6cs01233g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs01233g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light-conversion materials hold considerable promise for addressing global energy and environmental challenges, with applications spanning photocatalysis, optical wireless communication (OWC), and high-energy photon detection and imaging. However, conventional light-conversion materials often suffer from limited conversion efficiency, demanding synthesis conditions, poor stability, and environmental toxicity, hindering their large-scale deployment and long-term sustainability. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), assembled from metal nodes and organic linkers, have emerged as a distinctive class of hybrid materials that integrate the complementary advantages of inorganic and organic components. Their structural and compositional tunability, high surface areas, and tailorable electronic and photophysical properties provide exceptional opportunities for regulating photon absorption, emission, and energy transfer across a broad energy range. This review highlights recent advances over the past five years in MOF-based light-conversion systems for photocatalysis, OWC, and X-ray imaging. Particular emphasis is placed on how the rational design of metal nodes, organic linkers, framework structures, and guest components governs light harvesting, excited-state dynamics, and luminescence properties. We further discuss energy-transfer engineering within MOFs and across MOF-guest interfaces, elucidating its critical role in directing excitation energy, accelerating radiative processes, and improving photon-conversion efficiency. By establishing relationships among framework structure, energy-transfer pathways, and functional performance, this review provides design principles for next-generation MOF platforms toward efficient solar-to-chemical conversion, ultrafast OWC, and high-performance radiation detection and imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid metal biomimetics: a chemical perspective.","authors":"Caiyi Liu, Jianye Gao, Yibing Ma, Jinze Li, Xiangyu Zhou, Minghui Guo, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00623j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00623j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The remarkable functional diversity and consequent environmental adaptability of living organisms are deeply rooted in the fact that, over evolutionary time, chemical composition, structure, energy processing, and information flow have become intensively intertwined across multiple levels of organization. Liquid metals (LMs) provide a distinctive biomimetic platform because their fluid metallic core is intrinsically linked to a chemically active, dynamically regenerated oxide interface and a responsive surrounding environment. Such unique combinations enable LM systems to emulate biological matter, metabolism, and information processing through alloy compositional chemistry, interfacial redox reactions, coordination chemistry, ion transport, and electrocapillary effects. This review presents a chemical framework on general liquid metal biomimetics which covers the main four categories of matter, energy, information and motion together. We first interpret matter biomimetics through summarizing recent progress from the level of elemental composition and molecular bond activation to protein-, cell-, and organ-like structures. Then LM-based energy biomimetics are profiled, including directional energy transport, reversible electrochemical processes and multi-energy conversion. Furthermore, LM-enabled information biomimetics are outlined such as chemical sensing, signal transmission, memory, and logic computation. Finally, we discuss how these chemical and biomimetic principles can be extended to cross-habitat locomotion in aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial environments. By emphasizing interfacial chemistry as the driving force of LM biomimetics, this work provides a perspective for designing adaptive, life-like soft systems with integrated matter, energy, and information functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149331736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating glycerol electrooxidation pathways <i>via</i> catalytic environments.","authors":"Yabo Qi, Hanzhi Ye, Shouxin Liu, Hui Luo, Hongwu Chen, Maria-Magdalena Titirici","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00908e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6cs00908e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrocatalytic transformation of abundant organic molecules to value-added chemicals has emerged as a promising pathway towards building a sustainable chemical industry using renewable electricity. As a byproduct of biodiesel production, glycerol can be oxidized electrochemically to synthesize a variety of value-added C1-C3 chemicals including glyceric acid, lactic acid, dihydroxyacetone, glycolic acid and formic acid <i>etc</i>. However, practical glycerol electrooxidation is challenged by limited product selectivity, insufficient activity and poor catalyst stability, which are deeply rooted in the reaction pathway including adsorption, electrochemical dehydrogenation, chemical transformation of intermediates, C-C bond cleavage and product desorption. This review organizes current mechanistic understanding around these coupled steps and examines how catalytic environments, comprising catalyst composition, interfacial properties and reaction conditions, regulate reaction pathways. We elucidate the critical factors that determine the reaction activity and selectivity towards retained C3 or C1/C2 products. Additionally, we distinguish site blocking caused by strongly adsorbed species or slow desorption from deactivation associated with potential-induced surface oxidation and structural evolution. The active-site engineering, regulation of interfacial structure and reaction conditions are connected to the optimisation of electrochemical performance <i>via</i> reactant activation, controlled intermediate transformation, organic residue removal and surface regeneration. This step-resolved perspective provides mechanistic guidance for designing efficient, selective and durable glycerol electrooxidation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":48.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13738163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149331737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the three-phase interface in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: performance bottlenecks and regulation strategies","authors":"Haiyang Fan,Jiaxin Li,Rui Liu,Wenxiu Yang,Xiao Feng,Bo Wang","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00256k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00256k","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) hold great promise for low-carbon energy systems, yet their commercial viability is hindered by performance bottlenecks, particularly at the cathode catalyst layer (CCL). Central to the performance of PEMFCs is the triple-phase boundary (TPB), where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs. However, achieving an ideal TPB is complicated by ionomer-induced poisoning, oxygen mass transport resistance, proton conduction discontinuities, and water management challenges. This review discusses the challenges associated with the TPB, focusing on ionomer poisoning, oxygen mass transport, proton conduction, and water management, and highlights the strategies to optimize each of these issues. It also covers recent advances in material strategies, including ionomer molecular engineering, surface functionalization of carbon supports, and catalyst design, aimed at improving TPB formation and maintaining optimal transport conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing the TPB for improving the efficiency and durability of PEMFCs, providing insights into designing next-generation low-Pt catalysts with enhanced performance.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149305168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-molecule RGB emitters for organic light-emitting diodes: a focus on device operational lifetime","authors":"Pei Zhao,Hai-Yan Lu,Chuan-Feng Chen","doi":"10.1039/d6cs00510a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6cs00510a","url":null,"abstract":"Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become a mainstream technology for high-end displays. In full-color OLED displays and white-light illumination applications, the performance of red, green, and blue (RGB) emitters directly affects the efficiency, color purity, and operational lifetime of OLED devices, which collectively determine their overall performance and commercial viability. In this review, we systematically summarize the development of small-molecule RGB OLED emitters and their molecular design strategies, with a particular focus on their device operational stability and the key challenges associated with practical applications. We further discuss the key factors governing the operational lifetime of RGB OLED devices and summarize integrated strategies for achieving high efficiency, excellent color purity, and prolonged operational stability. We believe that this review will provide valuable insights into the design of stable RGB emitters and devices and stimulate further research and innovation in this rapidly evolving field.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149305170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemistry-transforming applications of artificial intelligence","authors":"Michael G. Medvedev,Nikita S. Serov,Vasily A. Chaliy,Egor A. Ilin,Ilya V. Prolomov,Maria A. Eremeyeva,Mark Yu. Schneider,Igor A. Mezentsev,Daniil V. Artamonov,Daniil A. Boiko,Vladimir V. Vanovskiy,Alexander A. Ryabov,Evgeny V. Burnaev,Valentine P. Ananikov","doi":"10.1039/d4cs01100g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cs01100g","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence is increasingly used across chemical research, but its practical value depends on where it intervenes in the workflow and how reliably it generalizes beyond curated benchmarks. This review adopts a pipeline-based perspective: we first decompose chemical research into stages that generate, transform, and validate information and then map AI methods onto these stages with an emphasis on measurable outcomes and failure modes. We summarize classical machine learning and emerging chemistry-informed and foundation model approaches, highlighting recurrent pitfalls such as data leakage, overfitting, and extrapolation. We then critically survey applications spanning knowledge extraction, experimental data interpretation (including data from spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and microscopy), property and reactivity prediction, synthesis planning, and closed-loop experimentation, focusing on representative case studies that illustrate transferable design patterns rather than exhaustive coverage. Across these domains, the evidence supports a shift from static structure–property thinking toward dynamic, data-rich decision cycles where models prioritize experiments, extract mechanistic descriptors from complex signals, and guide iterative refinement under constraints. We conclude by outlining requirements for robust deployment and discussing near-term directions for chemistry-grounded foundation models and intelligent experimental platforms.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149304479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}