Lei Yang, Cheng-Yu Zhang, Hao-Ling Zhang, Qing-Yang Zhang, Jong Seung Kim, Yue Sun
{"title":"Macrocyclic membranes: from liquid to solid state","authors":"Lei Yang, Cheng-Yu Zhang, Hao-Ling Zhang, Qing-Yang Zhang, Jong Seung Kim, Yue Sun","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00100e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00100e","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane science and technology have undergone rapid development, assuming increasingly critical roles in high-tech industries. The emergence of macrocyclic-based membranes has introduced transformative innovations to the scientific community. Distinct from conventional membranes, these systems exhibit intrinsic nanoporosity with uniform pore distribution, coupled with remarkable host–guest/supramolecular properties/chemical versatility/tunable functionality or their combined properties. The inherent structural features of the macrocyclic membranes offer new avenues for advancing the membrane fields. Such characteristics position macrocyclic membranes as next-generation high-performance platforms with demonstrable potential to advance membrane research and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a cohesive perspective on cutting-edge advancements in macrocyclic membranes, encompassing progress in macrocycle design, membrane architectures, interfacial assembly behavior, and transport mechanisms across liquid and solid membrane systems. Particular attention is given to applications in energy storage, desalination, and related fields, offering promising solutions to global challenges including energy sustainability and water scarcity. Finally, the current challenges, potential applications, and prospects of macrocyclic membranes are outlined and discussed.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144603836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khatia Merabishvili, Islam Zmerli, Jana Alhoussein, Christophe Regeard, Ali Makky
{"title":"Photoactivatable bioinspired nanomedicines","authors":"Khatia Merabishvili, Islam Zmerli, Jana Alhoussein, Christophe Regeard, Ali Makky","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00257e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00257e","url":null,"abstract":"Photoactivatable nanomedicines are therapeutic agents that generate heat, produce reactive oxygen species, or initiate photochemical reactions through their interaction with light. These agents can be used for the diagnosis, monitoring and remote induction of therapeutic effects. However, such nanoconstructs may have limitations, primarily attributable to the light–matter interaction and/or to the physiological characteristics of the disease. Consequently, there is growing interest in photoactivatable bioinspired nanoconstructs, which have led to significant improvements in their functionalities. By employing rational design methodologies, biomimicry enables researchers to engineer light-responsive nanomaterials with enhanced functionalities. The bioinspiration from phototrophs, light-harvesting antennas, chlorophylls, and carotenoids has led to the development of unique spatial organizations with broad spectral cross-sections. This resulted in more effective light collection and conversion into chemical energy. For instance, mechanisms like photoprotection can prevent photodamage and ensure treatment safety. In addition, certain animals, particularly marine species, generate or utilize light from other non-photosynthetic species to enhance their function. Finally, photoactivatable nanomedicines bioinspired by the functionalities of DNA scaffolds or biohybridized with cell membranes, cyanobacteria or hemoglobin have been discussed. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on how bioinspiration has contributed to the development of photoactivatable nanomedicines by overcoming some of the conventional nanosystem limitations.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaolu Zhu, Fanxi Sun, Yinghao Ji, Hongtao Hu, Mengyao Yang, Yichen Zhang, Xu Deng, Yonghao Zheng, Chen Wei, Dongsheng Wang
{"title":"Developing intelligent control of photoresponsive materials: from switch-type to multi-mode","authors":"Gaolu Zhu, Fanxi Sun, Yinghao Ji, Hongtao Hu, Mengyao Yang, Yichen Zhang, Xu Deng, Yonghao Zheng, Chen Wei, Dongsheng Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4cs00296b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4cs00296b","url":null,"abstract":"Most photoresponsive materials are controllably switched between two functional states with contrary relationship, which is defined as switch-type control logic. However, the world is not black and white. When facing real-world applications, the photoresponsive materials are working under complex stimuli. Therefore, developing the control logic of photoresponsive materials from switch-type to multi-mode is essential, meaning the materials could switch among multiple (<em>n</em> > 2) functional states by varying light conditions. In this tutorial review, the light-switchable optical, electrical, chemical, mechanical and morphological properties of photoresponsive materials with switch-type control logic is introduced. The multi-mode control of photoresponsive materials is discussed from two aspects: (1) switching between multiple stationary states, termed as multi-stable control and (2) switching between multiple nonequilibrium states, termed as multi-stage control. The potential applications and future challenges are envisioned to encourage further and continuous developments for the multi-mode photoresponsive materials.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wieslaw J. Roth, Barbara Gil, Karolina A. Tarach, Kinga Góra-Marek
{"title":"Top-down engineering of zeolite porosity","authors":"Wieslaw J. Roth, Barbara Gil, Karolina A. Tarach, Kinga Góra-Marek","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00319a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00319a","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic zeolites present a near-ideal environment for catalytic conversion and separation of molecules. They have framework structures with discrete uniform micropores allowing selective processing and sorption based on the size and shape of molecules. Zeolites have been deployed in numerous industrial applications motivating continuous innovation efforts to synthesise new structures and pore systems. The conventional zeolite syntheses are carried out directly as hydrothermal bottom-up assemblies from molecular or amorphous precursors, producing robust hard-to-modify structures/crystals. To diversify zeolite structures, especially to alleviate diffusional limitations and active site accessibility, top-down modification approaches have been initiated. This article presents an overview of the various top-down methods for modifying already synthesised zeolite crystals or precursors to engineer additional porosity and functionality. They include: demetallation focused on Si and Al but also Ge and Ti, formation of micro/mesoporous hybrids by recrystallisation, mechanochemical methods, pore engineering with low-dimensional zeolite forms, especially 2D and nanozeolites, and treatments by microwaves, ultrasounds, plasma and lasers. The discussion presents illustrative examples of relevant properties, such as textural, acidic and catalytic, of materials obtained by the applied treatments. The methods and descriptors used to characterise changes in porosity are described in detail. An extended compilation of reported materials with textural properties is provided.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Aguanell, Marc Hennebelle, Miguel Ángel Ortega, Ruth Pérez-Fernández
{"title":"Dynamic combinatorial chemistry directed by proteins and nucleic acids: a powerful tool for drug discovery","authors":"Antonio Aguanell, Marc Hennebelle, Miguel Ángel Ortega, Ruth Pérez-Fernández","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00223k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00223k","url":null,"abstract":"Protein-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (P-D DCC) is a powerful strategy for identifying ligands to protein targets of pharmacological significance. It leverages a thermodynamic templated effect, where proteins selectively amplify high-affinity binders. In contrast, although nucleic acids play critical roles in gene regulation and disease and offer significant therapeutic potential, they remain underexplored in drug discovery. While P-D DCC has been widely applied, the use of nucleic acid-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (NA-D DCC) is relatively limited. Expanding these methodologies is essential for tackling emerging infectious diseases and advancing therapeutic development. This review examines the applications, experimental design considerations, recent advancements, and P-D DCC and NA-D DCC perspectives.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomass valorization with metal-free catalysts: innovations in thermocatalytic, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic approaches.","authors":"Arzoo Chauhan,Rajendra Srivastava","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00304k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00304k","url":null,"abstract":"The catalytic valorization of biomass into high-value chemicals and sustainable fuels is critical for addressing global environmental challenges and advancing a bio-based circular economy. Traditional metal-based catalysts, though effective, face major limitations, including resource scarcity, toxicity, leaching, and cost, underscoring the need for alternative catalytic paradigms. Metal-free catalytic systems have emerged as promising sustainable solutions due to their environmental compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and material abundance. This review comprehensively evaluates recent progress in metal-free catalysis for biomass valorization, uniquely integrating and comparing thermal, photocatalytic, and electrocatalytic methodologies. We systematically discuss diverse classes of metal-free catalysts, including carbon-only materials, heteroatom-doped carbons, and emerging non-carbon frameworks, while highlighting advanced synthesis strategies, tailored active site engineering, mechanistic insights, and catalyst recyclability under varying operational conditions. The comparative analysis reveals distinct advantages and limitations inherent to each catalytic route, emphasizing the tunability and versatility of metal-free systems. Importantly, future proposed directions are rooted in the synergistic integration of photothermal and photoelectrochemical pathways, paving the way for next-generation multifunctional catalytic systems. By identifying persistent challenges such as active site localization, long-term stability, reaction selectivity, and scalability, the review advocates for interdisciplinary efforts incorporating advanced heterostructure design and AI-driven catalyst optimization to realize the full potential of metal-free catalysis in sustainable biomass valorization.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Small molecule sonosensitizers in cancer therapy: recent advances and clinical prospects.","authors":"Dan Li,Yongjie Zhu,Weiwen Yin,Xintong Lin,Goeun Kim,Zhaoyang Liu,Sungwook Jung,Jiwoo Seo,Sumin Kim,Jong Seung Kim,Huaiyi Huang,Pingyu Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00088b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00088b","url":null,"abstract":"Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising cancer treatment modality, offering deep-tissue targeting while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Building upon the pioneering work of Kremkau and Umemura in SDT, researchers worldwide have expanded and diversified sonosensitizers. From their early foundations, small molecule sonosensitizers have now evolved to include porphyrins, phthalocyanines, BODIPY dyes, cyanines, xanthene dyes, phenothiazines, metal complexes, and other organic molecules. By combining deep tissue penetration of ultrasound (US) with synergistic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, SDT overcomes the depth limitations of photodynamic therapy (PDT), significantly enhancing its potential for tumor treatment. In this review, we systematically examine recent advances in small molecule sonosensitizers, focusing on their design strategies and corresponding performance. Furthermore, we highlight their clinical anti-tumor applications and current limitations, providing valuable insights for the future rational design of sonosensitizers.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masnun Naher, Miguel A Gonzálvez, Craig M Williams, Paul V Bernhardt
{"title":"Emerging applications and mechanistic insights of copper mediated electrocatalysts in organic transformations.","authors":"Masnun Naher, Miguel A Gonzálvez, Craig M Williams, Paul V Bernhardt","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00382b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00382b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current trends in synthetic organic chemistry lean towards atom-economical and sustainable methodologies, moving away from traditional thermal processes. Electrocatalysis using transition metal complexes has been discussed as an attractive way to accomplish such goals, given oxidants or reductants are substituted by electrons from a power source. The use of copper complexes has been a staple of many classical organic transformations, and extensive research has been undertaken on the many reactions and mechanisms that exist. In contrast, most research involving copper electrosynthesis methodologies has been developed contemporarily. This review aims to explore the current state-of-the-art for copper-based electrocatalysis (or mediated electrosynthesis), with an emphasis on mechanistic proposals and insights that are uniquely extracted by electrochemical methodologies such as cyclic voltammetry or spectroelectrochemistry. By exploring the interplay between redox-active copper chemistry and the possibilities from electrochemical processes, the goal of this treatise is to inspire researchers to transform established approaches and explore new opportunities in copper-based electrosynthesis to advance the field of sustainable organic synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for Chemical Society Reviews in 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/d5cs90059j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs90059j","url":null,"abstract":"We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of <em>Chemical Society Reviews</em>’ reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <em>Chemical Society Reviews</em> in 2024.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xucong Teng, Qiushuang Zhang, Yicong Dai, Hongwei Hou, Jinghong Li
{"title":"Chemical-assisted analysis of epigenetic modifications","authors":"Xucong Teng, Qiushuang Zhang, Yicong Dai, Hongwei Hou, Jinghong Li","doi":"10.1039/d5cs00479a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cs00479a","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetic modifications, particularly those occurring on nucleic acid bases, play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression and cellular function without altering the underlying nucleic acid sequences. These subtle chemical alterations, such as methylation, hydroxymethylation, and acylation, are intricately linked to various biological processes. The analysis of base modifications poses significant challenges because of their minimal structural differences from unmodified bases, which traditional methods relying on double-stranded complementarity often fail to distinguish effectively. Nevertheless, the distinct chemical properties conferred by these modifications provide an opportunity for the development of novel approaches for their specific recognition. In this review, we elucidate the biological significance of nucleic acid modifications, including their diverse types, genomic distribution, abundance, and functions. We then delve into the principles and applications of chemical-assisted analysis methods, which leverage the unique chemical properties of modified bases to transform them into detectable derivatives. We comprehensively discuss various base conversion strategies, encompassing oxidation, reduction, deamination, addition, substitution, and coupling reactions. Moreover, we address the limitations of current chemical-assisted methods, such as insufficient sensitivity for low-abundance modifications, stringent reaction conditions, variable conversion efficiencies, challenges in single-cell analysis, and the loss of spatial information. Finally, we emphasize the significance of nucleic acid modifications in unraveling biological processes and disease mechanisms, and highlight the potential of chemical-assisted methods in advancing epigenetic research and precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":68,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Society Reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":46.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}