环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Systematic Validation and Integration Analysis of Iron Nanomaterials in Alleviating Plant Stress: A Data-Driven Approach","authors":"Ting Wu, Yilin Zhao, Xiaohan Du, Yizhou Feng, Weihuang Zhu, Jie Hou, Daohui Lin","doi":"10.1039/d5en00496a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00496a","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental adverse stressors easily induce the overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells, thereby compressing their photosynthetic capacity and development. Iron nanomaterials (Fe NMs) regulation of reactive oxygen species is an efficient strategy for nanoenabled sustainable agriculture. Through meta-data analysis, machine learning, and model construction, we systematically established a unified framework among oxidative stress, defense, photosynthesis, and growth relations for Fe NM enhancement of plant stress tolerance. It indicated that exposure types, contents, sizes, duration, and reaction medium of Fe NMs are the main factors for mitigating both photosynthetic damage and growth inhibition in plant. The potential regulatory processes of Fe NMs for alleviating plant stress in photosynthetic systems can be categorized as either a significant nanoeffect that activates of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic metabolites, or an accompanying ion effect for iron homeostasis. Additionally, we discussed the current research gaps concerning Fe NMs applied for promoting plant tolerance. This review discusses how Fe NMs reconstruct the balance of oxidative stress and defense and further promote plant photosynthesis and growth, which can provide reliable guidance for future research on plants under environmental stress.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline Soil Disintegration and Organic Nanocolloidal-dissolved U Release under IPCC-scenario Elevated CO2 with Global Environmental Risk Implication","authors":"Ziyan Wang, Caiqin Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Daoyong Zhang, Xiangliang Pan","doi":"10.1039/d5en00441a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00441a","url":null,"abstract":"The alkaline soils sustain billions of people worldwide. These soils serve as vast uranium (U) reservoir by containing ppm levels of U. Global elevated CO2 (eCO2) may lead to massive U release from alkaline soils and pose a great environmental risk. However, the mechanistic responses of U release in alkaline soils to eCO2 are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated structural stability, U mobility, and phase partitioning in two alkaline soils under IPCC scenario-based eCO2 conditions, using single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) elemental mapping, in conjunction with U speciation analysis. Exposure to eCO2 caused substantial U release from both soils dominantly in the dissolved phase (51.07%–78.10%) and nanocolloidal phase (10.24%–45.85%). Within nanocolloids, U was predominantly enriched in organic phases derived from disaggregated calcareous mineral-organic complexes. Both the pH drop and DIC rise induced by eCO2 are crucial for U release. Reduced pH caused dissolution of cementing calcareous minerals and breakdown of mineral-OM complexes and thus release of colloids, DOM and their associated U. Enhanced DIC under eCO2, resulted in an increase of UO2(CO3)34- but a decrease of UO2(CO3)22-, which promoted release of dissolved U. These novel findings are helpful for deep insight into U behavior and risk in soils in context of future climate change, and also imply that future global climate change may drastically weaken soil health and amplify environmental risks of U, which is a global environmental and health concern that needs enough attention.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cajanus cajan pods assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and assessment of their cytotoxicity.","authors":"Shriniwas P Patil, Rajesh Y Chaudhari, Mahesh S Nemade","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02006-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-02006-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is receiving considerable attention due to their wide range of applications in various domains. The green approach to synthesizing Ag NPs is cost-effective and ecologically safe, as it does not involve any sophisticated instruments or hazardous chemicals. Cajanus cajan (CC, Pigeon pea) is a plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. So far, only pigeon pea leaves and seeds have been used in the synthesis of NPs. After the removal of edible seeds, pods are fed to cattle as fodder. The pods contain different flavonoids, iridoids, and other miscellaneous compounds. The present research focuses on the use of C. cajan pods in the fabrication of Ag NPs and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity against normal and breast cancer cells. On characterization, Ag NPs were found to be oval in shape, crystalline in nature, and capped with phytochemicals present in CC. The results of the MTT assay revealed that Ag NPs are cytotoxic to breast cancer cells. It can be concluded that phytochemicals present in C. cajan pods reduced the precursor into Ag NPs, which were significantly biologically active.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of green lacewings indicate the diversity of Mesypochrysa (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China.","authors":"Yong-Fei Wang, Chao-Fan Shi, Dong Ren, Qiang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02007-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-02007-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three new species of Mesypochrysa Martynov, 1927: Mesypochrysa paucinervis sp. nov., Mesypochrysa angusta sp. nov. and Mesypochrysa paradoxica sp. nov., are described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The three species are assigned to Mesypochrysa based on the following characters: costal crossveins simple; two gradate series of crossveins present; MA and MP distally bifurcated; CuA with three to five pectinate branches; CuP distally bifurcated. Mesypochrysa paucinervis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Mesypochrysa by nine RP branches and simple A1. Mesypochrysa angusta sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by 16 RP branches and five CuA branches. Mesypochrysa paradoxica sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by the distal position of 2m-cu. In addition, the position of 2m-cu in forewings of Limaiinae and distinguish characters of Mesypochrysa are discussed. The discovery of new fossil species enriches the species diversity of this taxon in the Jurassic, while also providing new evidence for the early evolution of chrysopids.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threat beneath the surface: impact of micro(nano)plastics on aquatic microorganisms","authors":"Yongxin Shang, Yong Yue, Peng Jiang, Xianghong Dong, Lei Gan, Haibo Jiang, Miao An, Jian Shao, Zhenlu Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5en00360a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00360a","url":null,"abstract":"Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on eukaryotic microorganisms within microbial flocs remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of MPs (8 μm) and NPs (80 nm) on aquaculture-related microbial communities over a 4 week exposure period. Microbial floc samples were analyzed on days 7 and 28 post-exposure using 18S rRNA sequencing and functional prediction tools. Key findings revealed that NPs and MPs induced distinct temporal shifts in microbial diversity and community structure. On day 7, both NPs and MPs significantly increased microbial abundance, with MPs showing higher Simpson's diversity than NPs. By day 28, MPs caused a marked decline in community richness and altered dominant taxa, while NPs maintained higher diversity. Functional analysis highlighted elevated roles of microorganisms in plastic degradation and ATPase-related growth pathways in MP-exposed groups during the early stages. Notably, MNPs reduced the relative abundance of potential animal pathogens in early-stage flocs, with NPs exerting stronger stress on microbial assembly than MPs. Furthermore, NPs preferentially influenced biofilm-forming taxa, whereas MPs promoted shifts toward parasitic fungi. These findings underscore that MNPs disrupt microbial floc ecosystems primarily during initial colonization, with long-term stability restored through community self-regulation.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144778663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing ivory origin: a novel ATR-FTIR spectroscopic and chemometric approach to distinguish Asian and African variants.","authors":"Chandra Prakash Sharma, Dimple Bhatia, Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02005-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-02005-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In wildlife seizure proceedings, it is essential to accurately identify and differentiate between seized Asian and African elephant ivory and their carved products. This differentiation is necessary for effectively tracking the ivory trade, which will assist in combating illegal ivory trafficking. However, distinguishing similar types of samples from closely related species poses a challenging task, as they share similar chemical compositions. Therefore, the present study aimed to differentiate Asian and African elephant ivory samples, collected from ten individuals of each species. To achieve this objective, a rapid and cost-effective ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was employed. The spectra of the ivory samples were visually compared and subsequently subjected to chemometric analysis. The PCA model differentiated Asian and African elephant ivory samples into two distinct clusters, achieving an accuracy of 95%. Furthermore, the PLS-DA model successfully classified the ivory samples into two distinct categories with 100% accuracy. To validate the performance of the developed PLS-DA model, both cross-validation and external validation were conducted, yielding a classification accuracy of 100%. A blind test was also conducted to assess the prediction accuracy of the PLS-DA model, which also achieved 100% prediction accuracy. Additionally, the PLS-DA model effectively differentiated ivory from bone samples. The findings of this study highlighted the effectiveness of employing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with PLS-DA tool to differentiate ivory samples sourced from Asian and African elephants. The present approach is effective even for the samples that have lost their morphological characteristics or consist of powdered ivory traces recovered from crime scenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on PGPR Bacillus megaterium in the presence of melatonin","authors":"Gyan Datta Tripathi, Zoya Javed, Kavya Dashora","doi":"10.1039/d5en00300h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00300h","url":null,"abstract":"The application and accumulation of CuO NPs in the soil may adversely affect the soil microbial community and limit its functional properties. Thus, researchers have tried to mitigate the toxicity of CuO NPs by investigating their underlying mechanisms. However, a detailed mechanism has not been adequately reported to date. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contact-mode toxicity are possible reasons for the toxicity of CuO NPs. Herein, we propose the use of melatonin as a mitigating agent for CuO-mediated toxicity due to its ROS neutralization potential. The present study showed that melatonin can reduce the toxicity of CuO NPs on isolated PGPR <em>B. megaterium</em>. Disc diffusion results demonstrated a decrease in the zone of clearance after adding melatonin at a particular concentration, which was significantly observed with CuO NPs (0.1 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small> and 1 mg mL<small>⁻¹</small>). Changes in the morphology and the cell envelope during the mid-log phase were observed <em>via</em> TEM analysis. Furthermore, the application of melatonin in the IAA production medium inhibited the reduction in IAA production, which was observed earlier due to the presence of CuO NPs in the medium. Additionally, the DCFH staining and live-dead analysis confirmed the potential of melatonin in reducing the toxicity of CuO NPs at specific concentrations (20 and 50 μM).","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient removal of Ofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous solution via CuCo modified Al-MCM-41: An experimental and theoretical study","authors":"Sadegh Karimi, Mohammad Javad Dianat, Atefeh Ghasemi, Ramon Martinez-Manez, Maryam Farrokhnia, Leila Abdollahi","doi":"10.1039/d5en00411j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00411j","url":null,"abstract":"We explore therein the efficient removal of Ofloxacin (OFL), a prevalent fluoroquinolone antibiotic, from aqueous solutions utilizing CuCo-modified Al-MCM-41 as innovative adsorbent. Through a combination of experimental and theoretical methodologies, the adsorbents were characterized, and their performance in OFL adsorption analyzed. Characterization techniques, including XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, SEM, and EDS, confirmed the successful incorporation of Copper and Cobalt into the mesoporous structure of Al-MCM-41, enhancing the material's adsorption capacity compared to monometallic systems. Adsorption studies revealed that the optimal Cu:Co ratio (7:3) achieved 90.77% removal efficiency at neutral pH. Kinetic modeling identified a two- stage process best described by a pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, while equilibrium data conformed to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm. Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies provided insights into the adsorption mechanism, revealing synergistic effects of Cu and Co on OFL interaction and electronic property modulation of the adsorbent. A removal efficiency of 588 mg/g for OFL demonstrated the strong feasibility of this adsorbent for wastewater treatments. This cost-effective, scalable adsorbent offers a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment, reducing antibiotic pollution, combating resistance, and supporting cleaner water resources—key goals in sustainable resource management.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144715415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron oxide nanoparticles as effective nano-fertilizer for alleviating arsenic toxicity in barley: physiological and molecular mechanisms","authors":"Ameer Khan, Muhammad Shahzad, Farah Kanwal, Tagarika Munyaradzi Maruza, Mingjiong Chen, Guoping Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5en00002e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00002e","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic (As) contamination in soils posed a significant threat to sustainable agriculture and food safety. The application of metal nanoparticle (MNP) technology in alleviating heavy metal toxicity is an emerging and promising field. However, little has been known about the effect of FeO-NPs in alleviating As toxicity and accumulation in plants. In this study we examined the roles of FeO-NPs in promoting barley growth and alleviating As toxicity. Exposure of plants to As stress (100 μM As) severely reduced growth and photosynthesis, and also caused disorder of other physiological traits, including enhanced oxidative stress and nutrient imbalance. Addition of FeO-NPs (20 and 100 mg L-1) into the nutrient solution containing As significantly alleviated As toxicity of the two barley genotypes, mainly reflected by better plant growth, higher photosynthetic rate, and lower AOS (active oxygen species) content. As toxicity and genotypic difference between BCS-158 (As tolerant) and BCS-016, As sensitive) are closed related to As uptake and accumulation in plant tissues, with BCS-158 having lower As concentrations in both roots and shoots than BCS-016. Addition of FeO-NPs dramatically reduced As uptake and accumulation in the plants exposed to As treatment, thus resulting in alleviation of As toxicity. The reduction of As uptake and accumulation in the plants subjected to FeO-NPs is attributed to upregulating expression of iron transporter genes (HvIRT1 and HvIRT2) and suppressing expression of arsenic transporter genes (HvLsi1 and HvLsi2). The current results show the potential of FeO-NPs application in As-contaminated soils for improving crop production and food safety, but more research should be done to evaluate its ecological risk and determine the optimal doses before they are efficiently applied in crop production.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals enhance the deposition of clay colloids on silica surfaces via heterogeneous pathways","authors":"Yuanqi Fu, Heng Wang, Yuting Zhou, Lijuan Zeng, Feng Jiang, Xiaofei Li, Xiaohu Jin, Lijuan Zhang, Xiaoyun Yi, Zhi Dang","doi":"10.1039/d4en01122h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en01122h","url":null,"abstract":"Clay colloids, abundant in aquatic environments, can affect the migration of heavy metals, but knowledge on their deposition and release on environmental solid surfaces is incomplete. Here, the deposition and release of montmorillonite colloids (MONTs) on the silica surface was investigated in the presence of heavy metal (HM) ions. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) test showed that MONT deposition onto silica is affected by the positive charge of MONT edges, whereby a low pH and a high ionic strength are conducive to this deposition. Deposition mainly occurred in the face-plane mode and this was reversible. HMs promoted deposition more strongly than Na<small>⁺</small>, Mg<small>²⁺</small>, or Ca<small>²⁺</small>. The bonding stability between MONT edges and the silica surface was so strongly enhanced by HM bridging that the deposition was irreversible. Density functional theory simulation revealed that the MONT edge (010) was more easily attached to the silica surface than the MONT surface (001). The adsorption energy of MONT edges on the silica surface increase with HM bridging and increased with heavy metal electronegative values. This work revealed how HMs favor the deposition of clay colloids onto silica and highlights the importance of heavy metal properties in the retention, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the migration and fate of HMs related to clay colloids.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}