The Science of Nature最新文献

Discrepancies in the number of lines of arrested growth (LAG) in the tissues of the humerus and phalanx of sea turtles.

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01963-7

Emre Sandık, Bektaş Sönmez, Şükran Yalçın Özdilek

{"title":"Discrepancies in the number of lines of arrested growth (LAG) in the tissues of the humerus and phalanx of sea turtles.","authors":"Emre Sandık, Bektaş Sönmez, Şükran Yalçın Özdilek","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01963-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-025-01963-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Information on the age of vertebrate species such as sea turtles is crucial for planning management and conservation actions. The age of sea turtles has been estimated by skeletochronological analysis using skeletal growth marks in different bones. This study focused on the consistency of the number of visible lines of arrested growth (LAG) observed from the humerus and phalanx bone used for age estimation in Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta. We collected 67 humeri and phalanges of C. mydas (n = 47) and C. caretta (n = 20) from Samandağ beach, eastern Mediterranean in 2020-2022. LAG in the humerus and phalanx of the same individual were counted by two readers, and their consistency with each other was determined by percent agreement (PA), average percent error (APE), and coefficient of variation (CV). The significance of the difference between them was determined by the McNemar test. The mean number of visible LAG counted from the humerus is greater than the mean number of visible LAG counted from the phalanx, i.e., the humerus contains more growth marks than the phalanx. However, in individuals up to 15 LAG in C. mydas and 10 LAG in C. caretta, the mean number of visible LAG observed in both bone tissues is compatible. This was supported by the differences in the resorption rates calculated in both bones, indicating that the number of LAG lost due to resorption may also differ between these two bone types. It is recommended that the back calculation and/or correction factor applied for the humerus be avoided for the phalanx.</p>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polarized vision in the eyes of the most effective predators: dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) 最有效的掠食者：蜻蜓和豆娘（蜻蜓科）眼睛的偏振视力

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01959-3

Rodrigo Roucourt Cezário, Vinicius Marques Lopez, Felipe Datto-Liberato, Seth M. Bybee, Stanislav Gorb, Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

{"title":"Polarized vision in the eyes of the most effective predators: dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata)","authors":"Rodrigo Roucourt Cezário, Vinicius Marques Lopez, Felipe Datto-Liberato, Seth M. Bybee, Stanislav Gorb, Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01959-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01959-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polarization is a property of light that describes the oscillation of the electric field vector. Polarized light can be detected by many invertebrate animals, and this visual channel is widely used in nature. Insects rely on light polarization for various purposes, such as water detection, improving contrast, breaking camouflage, navigation, and signaling during mating. Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are highly visual insects with polarization sensitivity for water detection and likely also navigation. Thus, odonates can serve as ideal models for investigating the ecology and evolution of polarized light perception. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge concerning polarized light sensitivity in these insects. Specifically, we review recent findings related to the ecological, morphological, and physiological causes that enable these insects to perceive polarized light and discuss the optical properties responsible for the reflection of polarized light by their bodies and wings. Finally, we identify gaps in the current research and suggest future directions that can help to further advance our knowledge of polarization sensitivity in odonates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-01959-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fingerprint resemblance amongst siblings and non-siblings — Forensic and anthropological implications 兄弟姐妹和非兄弟姐妹之间的指纹相似性-法医和人类学含义

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01961-9

Akansha Rana, Damini Siwan, Rakesh Meena, Ritika Verma, Kewal Krishan

{"title":"Fingerprint resemblance amongst siblings and non-siblings — Forensic and anthropological implications","authors":"Akansha Rana, Damini Siwan, Rakesh Meena, Ritika Verma, Kewal Krishan","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01961-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01961-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fingerprints hold a crucial position in forensic science, primarily for identification purposes, with thumbprints emerging as the most frequently recovered evidence at crime scenes. The main purpose of the present study was to conduct a comparative analysis of thumbprints of siblings and non-sibling pairs to investigate resemblance and similarities in fingerprint patterns. Thumbprints of 144 individuals (72 siblings and 72 non-siblings) from 36 families were obtained. Jaccard Similarity Index was employed to analyse the similarity between the fingerprint patterns of siblings and non-siblings. The strength of association between the variables is evaluated by chi-square and Cramer’s V tests. The results indicated a significant similarity (69.44%) in thumbprint patterns among sibling pairs, demonstrating congruence in their right thumbprints, while non-sibling pairs exhibited a mere 30.56% similarity in the right thumbprints. Statistical analyses revealed a significant association (<i>p</i> = 0.0002) between sibling pairs, indicating a strong correlation in right-hand thumbprint patterns. The study bears substantial implications across various fields, including anthropology, population genetics, medical genetics and forensic science. Moreover, it may facilitate the examination of population similarities and variations and may aid in enhancing forensic investigations by identifying familial resemblance and similarity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Life in the dead shell: utilization of dead Pinna shells by the blenny fish Petroscirtes variabilis Cantor, 1849 (Blennidae) 死壳中的生命：油鱼Petroscirtes variabilis Cantor对死壳的利用，1849（油鱼科）

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01960-w

Sanjeevi Prakash, Amit Kumar

引用次数: 0

Revisiting the neuroanatomy of Massetognathus pascuali (Eucynodontia: Cynognathia) from the early Late Triassic of South America using Neutron Tomography 用中子断层成像技术重述南美晚三叠世早期Massetognathus pascuali（犬齿目：犬齿目）的神经解剖学

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01955-z

Thais G. M. Medina, Agustín G. Martinelli, Leandro C. Gaetano, Lívia Roese-Miron, Aureliano Tartaglione, Alexander Backs, Fernando E. Novas, Leonardo Kerber

{"title":"Revisiting the neuroanatomy of Massetognathus pascuali (Eucynodontia: Cynognathia) from the early Late Triassic of South America using Neutron Tomography","authors":"Thais G. M. Medina, Agustín G. Martinelli, Leandro C. Gaetano, Lívia Roese-Miron, Aureliano Tartaglione, Alexander Backs, Fernando E. Novas, Leonardo Kerber","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01955-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01955-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the paleoneurology (cranial endocast and maxillary canal) of <i>Massetognathus pascuali</i>, an iconic non-mammaliaform cynodont from the early Late Triassic of South America, using Neutron Tomography. The application of neutron tomography holds the potential for uncovering more refined anatomical and quantitative data. The newly examined cranial endocast shows a forebrain with a tubular shape without an interhemispheric fissure, presence of a pineal body (with a closed parietal foramen), and a marked unossified zone. In comparison with a smaller, putatively juvenile specimen previously studied (PVL 4016), the new endocast exhibits a similar degree of encephalization, indicating little change in relative brain size between both ontogenetic stages. In the context of cynognathian brain evolution, <i>M. pascuali</i> maintained a low encephalization quotient, typical of early cynognathians, contrasting with the higher values of some Late Triassic taxa. The maxillary canal of <i>M. pascuali</i> is described here for the first time. It is considerably ramified, although slightly less than in some early cynognathians, following the general pattern of non-probainognathians and suggesting the absence of a flexible rhinarium or mobile vibrissae. By integrating endocast data with the maxillary canal, this study offers enhanced insights into the neurosensory ecology of <i>M. pascuali</i>, thereby deepening our understanding of its biology and ecological interactions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142995224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mandibular anatomy of a new specimen of a prozostrodontian cynodont (Eucynodontia: Probainognathia) from the Upper Triassic of Brazil 巴西上三叠统原齿犬齿兽新标本的下颌解剖

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01953-1

Pedro Henrique Dotto, Lívia Roese-Miron, Sérgio F. Cabreira, Lúcio Roberto-da-Silva, Flavio A. Pretto, Leonardo Kerber

{"title":"Mandibular anatomy of a new specimen of a prozostrodontian cynodont (Eucynodontia: Probainognathia) from the Upper Triassic of Brazil","authors":"Pedro Henrique Dotto, Lívia Roese-Miron, Sérgio F. Cabreira, Lúcio Roberto-da-Silva, Flavio A. Pretto, Leonardo Kerber","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01953-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01953-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prozostrodontia is a clade of probainognathian cynodonts that exhibit several morphological innovations later inherited by mammals. The earliest representatives of this group have been found in the Upper Triassic deposits of southern Brazil. In this study, we report the discovery of a probainognathian cynodont from the Buriol site (São João do Polêsine, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), <i>Hyperodapedon</i> Assemblage Zone (Late Triassic). This site is well-known for its record of archosauromorphs. The specimen consists of a right dentary preserving one incisor, one canine, and seven postcanine teeth. Its morphology suggests a close relationship with early prozostrodonts, particularly <i>Prozostrodon brasiliensis</i>. Key traits supporting this affinity include the non-fused symphysis, a thin groove for the dental lamina, and distal postcanine with a central cusp slightly distally oriented and showing a lingual cingulum. Unusually, the incisor displays serrations on its mesial and distal margins and the canine on its distal margin, a rare feature among probainognathians. However, the fragmentary nature of the specimen and the limited comparative data preclude a more specific taxonomic assignment. Nevertheless, it contributes to our understanding of the morphological diversity within Carnian probainognathians. It also expands the known fauna of the Buriol site, which now includes cynodonts alongside rhynchosaurs, aetosaurs, early dinosaurs, and lagerpetids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioral corroboration that Saitis barbipes jumping spiders cannot discriminate between males’ red and black ornaments 斑纹跳蛛不能区分雄性红、黑色装饰物的行为学证实

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01950-4

Janka Plate, Cynthia Tedore

{"title":"Behavioral corroboration that Saitis barbipes jumping spiders cannot discriminate between males’ red and black ornaments","authors":"Janka Plate, Cynthia Tedore","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01950-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01950-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physiological or genetic assays and computational modeling are valuable tools for understanding animals’ visual discrimination capabilities. Yet sometimes, the results generated by these methods appear not to jive with other aspects of an animal’s appearance or natural history, and behavioral confirmatory tests are warranted. Here we examine the peculiar case of a male jumping spider that displays red, black, white, and UV color patches during courtship despite the fact that, according to microspectrophotometry and color vision modeling, they are unlikely able to discriminate red from black. To test whether some optical or neurological component could have been missed using these methods, we conduct mate choice experiments. Some females are presented with a choice between males with their red leg coloration painted over with either red or black paint, while other females are presented with a choice between males with the same coloration painted over by either red or white paint. This latter pairing of red and white males should have been easily distinguishable to the spiders and served as a control to ensure our experimental setup was conducive to natural mating behavior. Red males were more likely to mate than white males (<i>P</i> = 0.035), whereas red and black males had identical mating success (<i>P</i> = 1.0). This suggests that previous physiological and computational work on these spiders was correct in concluding that they are unable to discriminate between red and black. Any functional significance of displaying both colors, rather than only black, remains unresolved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-024-01950-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling a novel morphometric approach in claws and canines for species discrimination and age stratification in leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) 豹（Panthera pardus fusca）爪子和犬齿形态计量学新方法在物种鉴别和年龄分层中的应用

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01957-x

Rajkumar Pavithra, Abu Muhsina Thunnisa, Dhayanithi Vasanthakumari, A. Udhayan

{"title":"Unveiling a novel morphometric approach in claws and canines for species discrimination and age stratification in leopard (Panthera pardus fusca)","authors":"Rajkumar Pavithra, Abu Muhsina Thunnisa, Dhayanithi Vasanthakumari, A. Udhayan","doi":"10.1007/s00114-024-01957-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-024-01957-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eurybiomic big cats are facing significant threats from poaching, which is driven by recreation, taxidermy and wildlife trade. Species identification and age estimation are important for effective conservation management and enforcement of wildlife protection regulations. In this study, we present novel comprehensive morphometric methods for species identification and age estimation in leopards (<i>Panthera pardus fusca</i>) using canine and claw, the major trade articles. The study included 42 canines and 135 claw samples from five known age groups collected during post-mortem examination from all over the state of Tamil Nadu in south India. The samples were visually examined, and key morphological traits were accurately examined. Radiographic assessment of canines revealed the chronological age estimation, and tooth wear observation afforded supportive insight and evidence for the standards. Micro-feature observations of canine and claw samples using a scanning electron microscope ascertained the credibility of the samples. Multi-dimensional assessment of species and age of the samples by morphometric method led to the development of a reliable and accessible tool for dealing with confiscated specimens or samples with limited DNA quality. Notably, our novel methodology demonstrates efficacy in identifying illegally traded leopard canines and claws without causing any damage to the sample, thereby fortifying legal efforts against wildlife trafficking. In conclusion, this research introduces a sophisticated framework for species discrimination and age stratification in <i>Panthera pardus fusca</i>, merging cutting-edge technologies with classical morphometric analyses. The derived insights not only advance our understanding of leopard ecology but also furnish critical tools for conservationists and law enforcement agencies combating the illicit wildlife trade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Individual identity of alarm calls in wild-living Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) 野生布氏田鼠报警叫声的个体特征

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01956-y

Ilya A. Volodin, Vadim E. Kirilyuk, Nina A. Vasilieva, Elena V. Volodina

引用次数: 0

The first fossil longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Australia 澳大利亚的第一批长角甲虫化石（鞘翅目：角甲科

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01954-0

Lachlan J. Hart, Adam Ślipiński, Michael Frese, Tara Djokic, Matthew R. McCurry

引用次数: 0