The Science of Nature最新文献

{"title":"Selection of geographical populations suitable for artificial breeding of the Northeast China Brown Frog (Rana dybowskii)","authors":"Wanli Liu,&nbsp;Jiuchen Tao,&nbsp;Qing Yu,&nbsp;Tong Wu,&nbsp;Bojian Xing,&nbsp;Jing Bai,&nbsp;Wenge Zhao,&nbsp;Yufen Liu,&nbsp;Peng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02018-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02018-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amphibians, as a group greatly disturbed by human activities, are at increased risk of extinction. <i>Rana dybowskii</i> is an anuran species with both ecological and economic significance. Due to environmental changes and human overexploitation, it has been classified as Near-Threatened. This study integrates morphological and molecular immunological approaches to identify <i>R. dybowskii</i> populations with greater survival and disease resistance, based on 32 morphological traits and <i>MHC</i> class I and II polymorphism. Morphological results showed that compared with other populations, Yichun (YC) population had the highest fatness, the lowest IOD/HW, and the largest HW/SVL, HL/SVL, HW/HL, SL/TL. It indicates that YC population shows larger body size, wider vision and stronger jumping ability. The polymorphism of <i>MHC</i> I gene was the highest in Shangzhi (SZ) population, and the polymorphism of <i>MHC</i> II gene was the highest in YC population. Moreover, duplication, selection, and recombination occurred during evolution of <i>MHC</i> class I and II genes. Since both SZ and YC populations scored higher in this category (the variant sites, nucleotide polymorphism, amino-acid divergence/nucleotide divergence, dN/dS, Tajima’ D, etc.), they were more resistant to disease. All in all, these results indicated that YC population of the Lesser Khingan Mountains had good morphology and immune results, and <i>R. dybowskii</i> in the Lesser Khingan Mountains might be more suitable to be the original population of artificial breeding, which provided a theoretical basis for the realization of artificial breeding in the next step.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-02018-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell sequencing analysis and multiple machine learning methods identified immune-associated SERPINB1 and CPEB4 as novel biomarkers for COVID-19-induced ARDS","authors":"Hua Yang,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang,&nbsp;Junnan Huang,&nbsp;Yan Yan,&nbsp;Shan Wang,&nbsp;Qianran Shen,&nbsp;Jingjie Li,&nbsp;Tianbo Jin","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02016-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02016-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19, often resulting in respiratory failure and high mortality. Identifying effective molecular biomarkers is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and improving diagnosis and treatment strategies. We analyzed transcriptomic and single-cell RNA-seq data from public datasets (GSE172114, GSE149878, and GSE213313). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the limma package and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Single-cell analysis was used to define cell-type–specific expression. Three machine learning algorithms—LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest—were applied to identify robust hub genes. External dataset GSE213313 was used for validation. CIBERSORT was applied to estimate immune cell infiltration in ARDS tissues. We identified 915 DEGs between COVID-19-induced ARDS and controls, mainly enriched in immune receptor activity and cytokine signaling. Through integrative machine learning and validation, SERPINB1 and CPEB4 were identified as key genes, with strong diagnostic performance (AUCs: 0.940 and 0.948, respectively). Immune infiltration analysis revealed that both genes were highly correlated with neutrophils, and also associated with B memory cells, T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and mast cells. GSEA showed these genes were involved in immune and inflammatory pathways, indicating functional relevance in ARDS. SERPINB1 and CPEB4 were identified as novel immune-related biomarkers for COVID-19-induced ARDS. Their strong association with neutrophil infiltration suggests that they may play critical roles in disease progression. These findings provide new insights into immune mechanisms and offer promising targets for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in ARDS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From scorching sands to survival: adaptive tale of the genus Tribulus (T. longipetalus, T. terrestris and T. pentandrus) in desert ecosystem","authors":"Ummar Iqbal,&nbsp;Muhammad Sharif,&nbsp;Sana Abid,&nbsp;Sadaf Rafiq,&nbsp;Abdul Wahab","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02013-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02013-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Desertification poses a major ecological threat, demanding insights into plant adaptive strategies for survival in arid landscapes. <i>Tribulus</i> species, i.e., <i>T. longipetalus</i>, <i>T. terrestris</i>, and <i>T. pentandrus</i>, are drought-tolerant herbs commonly distributed across arid and semi-arid regions. Samples from natural populations were collected from diverse ecological zones of the Cholistan Desert exhibiting varying levels of drought intensity and resource availability. In the present study, structural and functional modifications in three <i>Tribulus</i> species under desert stress conditions were evaluated. It was hypothesized that each species would exhibit species-specific morphological, physiological, and anatomical adjustments to optimize survival under desert stress. All three species responded distinctly under different environmental conditions. The most notable feature in <i>T. longipetalus</i> under drier habitats was enhanced accumulation of total soluble proteins, sugars, amino acids, and thicker dermal and vascular tissues supporting stress endurance. <i>T. terrestris</i> exhibited better performance in highly stressful zones, showing increased shoot biomass, soluble osmolytes, and maximum chlorophyll content. <i>T. pentandrus</i> showed vigorous growth in less stressful habitats with highest pigment content and shoot biomass, whereas populations from dry sites displayed increased metaxylem and vascular bundle size. Structural and functional traits such as well-developed vascular bundles, Kranz-type leaf anatomy with thickened mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, and increased epidermal and sclerenchymatous tissues contributed to water retention, transport efficiency, and mechanical support. Significant variability in stomatal traits among species reflected adaptive strategies for gas exchange and water conservation. It was concluded that <i>Tribulus</i> species developed specific anatomical and physiological strategies crucial for ecological fitness, resource use efficiency, and survival under desert stress conditions. These adaptive features enhance their potential for desert reclamation and ecological restoration.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative buccopharyngeal morphology of tadpoles of Sphaenorhynchini (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae)","authors":"Pedro Henrique dos Santos Dias,&nbsp;Barbara Caroline Marcondes,&nbsp;Yhasmynn Pensee Pinheiro Campos,&nbsp;Luiz Norberto Weber,&nbsp;Caio Vinicius de Mira-Mendes,&nbsp;Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02009-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02009-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hylid tribe Sphaenorhynchini includes 15 small, greenish treefrog species within the genera <i>Sphaenorhynchus</i> and <i>Gabohyla</i>. <i>Sphaenorhynchus</i> is divided into three species groups: <i>S. lacteus</i>, <i>S. planicola</i>, and <i>S. platycephalus</i>, with <i>S. carneus</i> and <i>S. prasinus</i> remaining unassigned to any group; <i>Gabohyla</i> is monotypic. Larvae of most species have been described, except for <i>S. botocudo</i>, <i>S. cammaeus</i>, and <i>S. mirim</i>. Although larval morphology holds phylogenetic and diagnostic importance in Sphaenorhynchini, internal morphology remains largely unknown, with only the presence of a lingual papilla noted in <i>S. dorisae</i> and <i>S. lacteus</i>. To fill this gap, we describe the buccopharyngeal cavity of <i>G. pauloalvini</i>, <i>S. prasinus</i>, <i>S. dorisae</i>, <i>S. lacteus</i>, <i>S. canga</i>, and <i>S. palustris</i>. We provide a detailed description of this system for the tribe and discuss putative new larval synapomorphies. Tadpoles of Sphaenorhynchini show similarities in buccopharyngeal cavity morphology but vary in features such as prenarial arena shape, lateral ridge papillae, median ridge, and postnarial crest development. <i>Gabohyla pauloalvini</i> shows reduced lateral ridge papillae, which is an autapomorphy. Lateral roof papillae and a second pair of lateral ridge papillae are putative synapomorphies of the <i>S. platycephalus</i> group or one of its internal clades. The postnarial crest, present in all species, may be a synapomorphy of Sphaenorhynchini. These results enhance understanding of larval morphology and its systematic relevance within the tribe.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-02009-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144880852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of a nematode-induced floral gall in Bongardia chrysogonum (L.) Spach (Berberidaceae): its effects on flower structure","authors":"Najmeh Hosseini,&nbsp;Farkhondeh Rezanejad","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02008-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02008-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant galls are newly formed structures that develop due to the influence of gall-inducing organisms, providing them with shelter, protection, and nourishment. The most commonly studied galls are caused by insects. Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) induce gall formation in various parts of plants, primarily targeting the roots. Reports on their effects on aerial parts, especially flowers, are rare. In this study, floral galls induced by <i>Ditylenchus</i> sp. (Anguinidae) in <i>Bongardia chrysogonum</i> (L.) Spach (Berberidaceae) were introduced for first time. The structural traits of galls were analyzed using microscopic studies. The levels of total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Intact flowers had thin sepals and petals with 3–5 cell layers, tetrasporangiate anthers, and a thin pleated gynoecium, while the galled floral parts lacked morphological and anatomical similarity to the intact organs. These galling organisms triggered the regeneration and reorganization of floral parts, leading to abnormal and swollen growths. The number of modified floral whorls in produced gall ranged from 1 to 3, indicating that nematode infection affected some or all floral organs. Microscopic sections of all galls showed homogeneous parenchyma with large intercellular spaces, lacking a gall chamber, and containing numerous nematodes within the tissue. Galled flowers showed red–purple coloration and higher phenolic compound concentrations than normal flowers, as revealed by cytochemical and biochemical analyses. The reorganization of floral parts and the large intercellular spaces can be used for nematode survival and dispersal. High levels of phenolic compounds suggested host plant defense against the nematode.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial decomposition capacity and soil properties under moderate warming in a natural forest in the Asian monsoon region","authors":"Masahiro Nakamura,&nbsp;Chisato Terada,&nbsp;Atsushi Takaki,&nbsp;Yuri Kanno,&nbsp;TaeOh Kwon","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02015-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02015-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil warming increases carbon emissions by enhancing soil microbial activity. However, only few soil warming experiments have been conducted in the Asian monsoon region (warmer temperate regions with very high precipitation) compared with those conducted in Europe and North America. Hence, in this study, we conducted a soil warming experiment using electric heating cables and solar-powered energy systems in a natural forest in central Japan (Asian monsoon region) to determine the effects of moderate soil warming (1.2 °C increase) on soil properties and microbial decomposition capacity. EcoPlate analysis was used to assess the multifunctionality (MF) of soil microbial decomposition capacity across 31 carbon substrates. MF was significantly higher in the warming plots than in the control plots. When each carbon substrate group was evaluated separately, the MF of labile substrates, such as carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, were significantly higher in the warming plots than in the control plots. Thus, the ordination plot, which was created by performing db-RDA (Distance-based redundancy analysis, constrained ordination of the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA)) with Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, showed differences in the microbial functional composition between the warming and control plots. Moderate soil warming did not cause soil drying; however, it significantly increased soil moisture. Our experimental results demonstrated that moderate soil warming enhanced carbon substrate decomposition by microorganisms and increased soil moisture during the initial decomposition stage in the Asian monsoon region.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique pathological phalangeal fusion in the chalicothere subfamily Chalicotheriinae and the interphalangeal immobilization in chalicotheres","authors":"Panagiotis Kampouridis,&nbsp;Christina Kyriakouli,&nbsp;Gabriel de Souza Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02011-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02011-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chalicotheres are bizarre extinct herbivore mammals closely related to today’s rhinoceroses, tapirs and horses. The family Chalicotheriidae includes two subfamilies, the Chalicotheriinae and the Schizotheriinae. Some members of the schizotheriines form a duplex bone by fusing the proximal and the medial phalanges of the second digit of the hand. Here, we report the only known fused set of proximal and medial phalanges in a specimen of the subfamily Chalicotheriinae from the Late Miocene of Höwenegg in Germany. This specimen has been the center of some confusion regarding its identity and the nature of the fusion. In our study, we conduct a detailed comparison to chalicotheriines and schizotheriines, identifying the specimen as a chalicotheriine and attributing its fusion to a pathology. We additionally acquired CT scans of this specimen and two schizotheriines to compare the internal structure of the fused phalanges, which revealed great differences between the fusion in schizotheriines and the pathologically fused Höwenegg specimen. Furthermore, we found that both subfamilies show a trend towards immobilizing their digits, expressed in different ways, with chalicotheriines forming a notched-joint between the phalanges in some digits that hinders their movement and schizotheriines regularly fusing the phalanges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-02011-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do exophytic microorganisms affect in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Camellia sinensis?","authors":"Orcun Toksoz,&nbsp;Aslihan Cetinbas-Genc,&nbsp;Didem Berber,&nbsp;Denca Toker,&nbsp;Melse Su Bilgili,&nbsp;N. Cenk Sesal","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02014-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02014-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since tea is an economically valuable medicinal plant, pollen germination and pollen tube elongation are important for seed yield and quality. Therefore, strategies to increase pollen tube elongation for tea production are developing and especially the use of beneficial microorganisms is gaining importance. We aimed to investigate the potential activities of <i>Streptomyces albidoflavus</i>, <i>Streptomyces indigoferus</i>, <i>Streptomyces nanhaiensis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, <i>Paenibacillus xylanilyticus</i>, and <i>Paenibacillus alginolyticus</i> on pollen germination and pollen tube length of <i>Camellia sinensis</i>. The amount of reducing sugars was determined by DNS method, and heat map analyses were performed to evaluate pollen germination, pollen tube length, and RS content. The tested bacteria were grown on pollen germination medium for 3, 6, and 24 h, after which the aforementioned parameters were analyzed. No statistically significant effect of treatments with tested bacteria was found in terms of pollen germination. However, especially in pollen samples treated with <i>P. alginolyticus</i> at 6 and 24 h, pollen tube length was found to be the most effective with an increase of 28.6 and 13.87%. Reducing sugar content was found to be the highest in <i>S. indigoferus</i> + pollen and <i>P. alginolyticus</i> + pollen groups at 24 h. According to heat map analyses, <i>P. alginolyticus</i> maintained consistently high values for pollen germination, tube elongation, RS content and showed the strongest positive effect. In conclusion, <i>P. alginolyticus</i> significantly increased pollen tube elongation and RS levels, suggesting its potential role in plant development and pollination. These findings indicate that such rhizosphere bacteria may act as biostimulants to enhance fertilization and support sustainable tea cultivation.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cajanus cajan pods assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and assessment of their cytotoxicity","authors":"Shriniwas P. Patil,&nbsp;Rajesh Y. Chaudhari,&nbsp;Mahesh S. Nemade","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02006-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02006-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays, the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) is receiving considerable attention due to their wide range of applications in various domains. The green approach to synthesizing Ag NPs is cost-effective and ecologically safe, as it does not involve any sophisticated instruments or hazardous chemicals. <i>Cajanus cajan</i> (CC, Pigeon pea) is a plant belonging to the family Fabaceae. So far, only pigeon pea leaves and seeds have been used in the synthesis of NPs. After the removal of edible seeds, pods are fed to cattle as fodder. The pods contain different flavonoids, iridoids, and other miscellaneous compounds. The present research focuses on the use of <i>C. cajan</i> pods in the fabrication of Ag NPs and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity against normal and breast cancer cells. On characterization, Ag NPs were found to be oval in shape, crystalline in nature, and capped with phytochemicals present in CC. The results of the MTT assay revealed that Ag NPs are cytotoxic to breast cancer cells. It can be concluded that phytochemicals present in<i> C</i>. <i>cajan</i> pods reduced the precursor into Ag NPs, which were significantly biologically active.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of green lacewings indicate the diversity of Mesypochrysa (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China","authors":"Yong-Fei Wang,&nbsp;Chao-Fan Shi,&nbsp;Dong Ren,&nbsp;Qiang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02007-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02007-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three new species of <i>Mesypochrysa</i> Martynov, 1927: <i>Mesypochrysa paucinervis</i> sp. nov., <i>Mesypochrysa angusta</i> sp. nov. and <i>Mesypochrysa paradoxica</i> sp. nov., are described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The three species are assigned to <i>Mesypochrysa</i> based on the following characters: costal crossveins simple; two gradate series of crossveins present; MA and MP distally bifurcated; CuA with three to five pectinate branches; CuP distally bifurcated. <i>Mesypochrysa paucinervis</i> sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of <i>Mesypochrysa</i> by nine RP branches and simple A1. <i>Mesypochrysa angusta</i> sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by 16 RP branches and five CuA branches. <i>Mesypochrysa paradoxica</i> sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by the distal position of 2m-cu. In addition, the position of 2m-cu in forewings of Limaiinae and distinguish characters of <i>Mesypochrysa</i> are discussed. The discovery of new fossil species enriches the species diversity of this taxon in the Jurassic, while also providing new evidence for the early evolution of chrysopids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}