The Science of Nature最新文献_第2页

The left–right-handedness of the cylindrical spathe correlates with the phyllotactic spiral direction in Arisaema (Araceae) 圆柱形佛焰苞的左右手方向与天南星科植物的叶绿素螺旋方向有关

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01973-5

Tetsuya K. Matsumoto, Kodai N. Sato, Junichi Ohno, Tokiyoshi Hiramatsu, Jin Murata

{"title":"The left–right-handedness of the cylindrical spathe correlates with the phyllotactic spiral direction in Arisaema (Araceae)","authors":"Tetsuya K. Matsumoto, Kodai N. Sato, Junichi Ohno, Tokiyoshi Hiramatsu, Jin Murata","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01973-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01973-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A left–right asymmetry of plants has attracted attention in various study areas (e.g., developmental biology, ethology, and evolutionary biology); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the genus Arisaema (Araceae), each plant possesses a cylindrical spathe that exhibits the left–right-handedness in the folding direction. As the spathe is a modified leaf, a phyllotactic spiral (clockwise or counter-clockwise directions) in vegetative organs may affect this dimorphism. In this study, we aimed to examine (1) interannual changes in the spathe folding direction in the same individuals, (2) the effect of phyllotactic spirals on the left–right-handedness of the spathe, (3) the abundance ratio of left- and right-folded spathes in several Arisaema species, and (4) the relationship between the coiling direction of young folded leaves and phyllotactic spirals in other aroid genera. The spathe folding direction changed annually and was significantly related to the phyllotactic spiral direction. The left–right-handedness prevailed among the 27 tested Arisaema species, and frequencies of left- and right-folded spathes were mostly similar. In the five aroid genera, the phyllotaxis was clearly correlated with the leaf coiling direction. These results imply that the phyllotactic spiral affects the spathe folding direction of Arisaema and the leaf coiling direction of aroids. Considering developmental studies on asymmetric leaves in other taxa, the left–right-handedness of the spathe in Arisaema is possibly a consequence of the phyllotactic pattern formation.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Breeding behaviour, visual communication and male combat of Philothamnus occidentalis and Philothamnus natalensis 西褐蝽和白褐蝽的繁殖行为、视觉交流和雄性争斗

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01972-6

Kirsty J. Kyle, Colleen T. Downs

引用次数: 0

A quick and non-destructive approach to combat timber adulteration using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics 使用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱和化学计量学的快速和非破坏性的方法来打击木材掺假

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01970-8

Arti Yadav, Chongtham Nimi, Manish Kapoor, Rajinder Singh

{"title":"A quick and non-destructive approach to combat timber adulteration using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics","authors":"Arti Yadav, Chongtham Nimi, Manish Kapoor, Rajinder Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01970-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01970-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Timber adulteration, illegal harvesting, and logging of legally protected timber species are a major threat to biodiversity. Identifying and differentiating low-value timber species from high-grade ones is a prerequisite to combat timber-related crimes. Timber adulteration can be detected by techniques such as DNA barcoding. However, these techniques have some drawbacks as they are time-consuming and destructive. To address all these issues, in this study, a quick and non-destructive approach has been used to detect timber adulteration by identifying and discriminating selective timber species using vibrational spectroscopy along chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) that successfully differentiated Tectona grandis (teak) from Magnolia champaca (champ) with 96.25% accuracy, Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) from Magnolia champaca with 97.5% accuracy, and Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jack) from Mangifera indica (mango) with 100% PCA LDA training accuracies. Partial least square discriminant analysis successfully differentiated the timber species with 100% accuracy. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric tools proved to be effective in detecting timber adulteration, which will help the investigating agencies combat timber-related crimes.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effectiveness of pollinators and their foraging behavior on Neustanthus phaseoloides (Fabaceae) 花楸属植物传粉媒介的有效性及其采食行为

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01971-7

Suman Paul, Tanushree Singha, Riya Roy, Osunam Tayeng, Engchong Sangdo, Prasenjit Debbarma, Bhushan B. Dholakia, Badal Kumar Datta

{"title":"The effectiveness of pollinators and their foraging behavior on Neustanthus phaseoloides (Fabaceae)","authors":"Suman Paul, Tanushree Singha, Riya Roy, Osunam Tayeng, Engchong Sangdo, Prasenjit Debbarma, Bhushan B. Dholakia, Badal Kumar Datta","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01971-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01971-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Insect pollination is critical for the reproduction of crops and wild plants, yet the efficiency of pollinators varies widely across species. Hence, it is essential to study the visitation behavior and pollination effectiveness of the floral visitors. Neustanthus phaseoloides is an agro-ecologically and medicinally important plant occurring in Tripura, Northeast India. We selected it for the present investigation as its distinct floral morphology might impact the pollinator visitation behaviors and subsequent pollination success. A total of 12 insect foragers visited the flowers of N. phaseoloides. Among them, 10 generalist pollinators were observed depositing conspecific pollen along with some amount of heterospecific pollen grains on the stigma. Although the pollen deposition efficiency varied significantly among pollinator species, the bees were the most effective in pollen deposition and subsequent reproductive outputs. All pollinators contributed to the fruit and seed production at varying degrees, indicating their effectiveness in reproductive success. The mating system studies indicated that the species was self-compatible and dependent on pollinators for increased reproductive success. Furthermore, some degree of pollination deficit was detected in our study population, suggesting that the increased visitation of effective pollinators might enhance the reproductive outputs. Overall, this first report on the pollination effectiveness of N. phaseoloides will improve our understanding of the reproductive success in a medicinally useful wild plant.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-01971-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: The long proboscis of the aphid Stomaphis yanonis (Aphididae Lachninae) is advantageous for avoiding predation by tending ants 更正：长鼻的Stomaphis yanonis （Aphididae Lachninae）有利于避免被蚂蚁捕食

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01969-1

Takumi Matsuura, Shunsuke Nakamura, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Tsubasa Toji, Takao Itino

引用次数: 0

Innate floral object identification in a solitary pollinator employs a combination of both visual and olfactory cues 单独传粉者的先天花物识别采用视觉和嗅觉线索的结合

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01965-5

Aditi Mishra, Anupreksha Jain, Padmapriya S. Iyer, Ashwin Suryanarayanan, Karin Nordström, Shannon B. Olsson

{"title":"Innate floral object identification in a solitary pollinator employs a combination of both visual and olfactory cues","authors":"Aditi Mishra, Anupreksha Jain, Padmapriya S. Iyer, Ashwin Suryanarayanan, Karin Nordström, Shannon B. Olsson","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01965-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01965-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Object identification is fundamental to animal behaviour and identifying nutritive objects is key for survival. Solitary insects emerging far from food sources and without access to social learning must therefore employ innate identification of food cues to locate relevant nutritive objects from a distance. Such innate preferences for food cues should be both specific enough to allow discrimination between food and non-food objects and general enough to allow for the variety of food objects relevant to the insect species. Here, we examined innate floral object identification behaviour in solitary generalist insect pollinator Eristalinus aeneus using an artificial floral object with both visual and olfactory cues previously found to be attractive to several hoverfly species across multiple environments. We used a subtractive two choice assay to present flower-naïve E. aeneus with a choice between this object and a similar object that differed in either a single visual or olfactory cue. We found that innate floral choices of the hoverfly E. aeneus are a product of broad, plant-based olfactory cues and visual cues, where a combination of radial symmetry and reflectance in the 300–400 nm and 500–700 nm wavelength range was particularly important for innate floral object preference. Our study, therefore, shows how solitary animals without prior experience can efficiently employ multimodal cues to identify multiple relevant nutritive objects.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-01965-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unsuspected diversity and multiple origins of the frog legs imported to Switzerland for human consumption, as determined by DNA barcoding and morphology 通过 DNA 条形码和形态学确定瑞士进口供人类食用的蛙腿的未知多样性和多重来源

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01968-2

Sylvain Dubey, Sébastien Pellaud, Samuel Furrer, Christophe Dufresnes

{"title":"Unsuspected diversity and multiple origins of the frog legs imported to Switzerland for human consumption, as determined by DNA barcoding and morphology","authors":"Sylvain Dubey, Sébastien Pellaud, Samuel Furrer, Christophe Dufresnes","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01968-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01968-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The frog leg industry relies on a global, largely underregulated market with potentially important ecological impact such as the uncontrolled harvest of declining wild populations and the introduction of invasive species. Here, we inferred the taxonomic nature and geographic origins of frog legs imported to Switzerland by DNA barcoding. Out of 34 samples, we retrieved eight distinct lineages attributed to five species from four genera, namely Hoplobatrachus rugulosus from Vietnam, Fejervarya cancrivora from Indonesia (invasive on several Pacific islands), two phylogeographic lineages of Limnonectes macrodon from Western and Central Java, L. kadarsani from eastern Indonesia, and three phylogeographic lineages of Pelophylax ridibundus from northern and central southern Turkey (invasive in Western Europe). Only the first two species were correctly declared, which is particularly problematic to track down harvests of the declining and geographically restricted Limnonectes taxa. In this respect, we show that the three Asian genera can be reliably distinguished by basic measurements of the frog legs, which could be used in future forensic controls. Our study calls for more stringent international regulations of the frog trade, including shipment monitoring to document the relative abundance of harvested species and ensure the sustainability of their wild populations.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-01968-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the morphology and taphonomy of Archaeoniscus brodiei—a gregarious, Early Cretaceous isopod 早白垩世群居类等足类始祖猿布罗迪伊的形态与地学研究

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01962-8

Russell D. C. Bicknell, Adiël A. Klompmaker, Patrick M. Smith, Thomas A. Hegna

{"title":"Exploring the morphology and taphonomy of Archaeoniscus brodiei—a gregarious, Early Cretaceous isopod","authors":"Russell D. C. Bicknell, Adiël A. Klompmaker, Patrick M. Smith, Thomas A. Hegna","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01962-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01962-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Marine isopod fossils represent a small component of the crustacean fossil record, contrasting the exceptional modern diversity of marine representatives of Isopoda. Examination of previously documented isopod species therefore presents an opportunity to derive additional paleobiological and taphonomic insight of these rare fossils. Here we consider two clusters of Archaeoniscus brodiei from the Lower Cretaceous (middle to upper Berriasian) Intermarine Member of the Durlston Formation, England. The individuals within the clusters are mostly complete, of similar size ranges, and are preserved on two different bedding planes. After examining these individuals, we illustrate, for the first time, appendages and eyes of A. brodiei. The appendage morphology supports the interpretation of A. brodiei as an isopod adapted to a benthic lifestyle. We propose that isopods from the Durlston Formation follow similar taphonomic pathways to arthropods preserved within plattenkalk-like deposits, resulting in enrichment in calcium carbonate and phosphate. Finally, the clusters reflect gregarious activities that were preserved during hypoxic events brought on by concurrent decay of algal blooms.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-025-01962-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143373241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation between pollen morphology, karyotype, floral pigments, and scent components and morphological classification of 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L 丁香15种及杂交种花粉形态、核型、花色素和气味成分的相关性及形态分类

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01967-3

Feng Qian, Xiaoou Zhai, Ziyin Cheng, Zhenyu Yu, Guoqiang Chen, Yan Gao, Liwei Sun, Li Fang, Shumin Yang, Shaoqi Xu, Huimin Liu

{"title":"Correlation between pollen morphology, karyotype, floral pigments, and scent components and morphological classification of 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L","authors":"Feng Qian, Xiaoou Zhai, Ziyin Cheng, Zhenyu Yu, Guoqiang Chen, Yan Gao, Liwei Sun, Li Fang, Shumin Yang, Shaoqi Xu, Huimin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01967-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01967-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In this paper, the pollen morphology characteristics, chromosome karyotype characteristics, floral pigments, and scents components of 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L. were obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy, root tips quash method, HPLC–MS, and GC–MS, and the 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L. were clustered separately with each index. Results show that the 15 species and hybrids of Syringa L. are clustered into four different groups separately by each index. In morphological taxonomy, S. microphylla Diels and S. microphylla ‘ShuangJi’, which belong to the Ser. Pubescentes family, original and hybrid species, most varieties of Ser. Syraega are basically cluster into the same group, which is consistent with morphological taxonomy. The findings indicate that the aforementioned four indicators are significantly related to the morphological classification of Syringa L. Among them, the clustering results of pollen morphology were the most consistent with morphological classification. The relationship between the above four aspects and the morphological classification of Syringa L. groups has not been reported in previous related researches, especially indicating the relationship between microscopic morphological indicators, specific physiological components and Syringa morphological classification. The research results have novelty, scientificity and comprehensiveness.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct repeats found in the vicinity of intron splice sites 在内含子剪接位点附近发现直接重复序列。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

The Science of Nature Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-025-01966-4

Scott O. Rogers, Arnold J. Bendich

{"title":"Direct repeats found in the vicinity of intron splice sites","authors":"Scott O. Rogers, Arnold J. Bendich","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-01966-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-01966-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Four main classes of introns (group I, group II, spliceosomal, and archaeal) have been reported for all major types of RNA from nuclei and organelles of a wide range of taxa. When and how introns inserted within the genic regions of genomes, however, is often unclear. Introns were examined from Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Up to 80 bp surrounding each of the 5' and 3' intron/exon borders were compared to search for direct repeats (DRs). For each of the 213 introns examined, DNA sequence analysis revealed DRs at or near the intron/exon borders, ranging from 4 to 30 bp in length, with a mean of 11.4 bp. More than 80% of the repeats were within 10 bp of the intron/exon borders. The numbers of DRs 6–30 bp in length were greater than expected by chance. When a DNA segment moves into a new genomic location, the insertion involves a double-strand DNA break that must be repaired to maintain genome stability and often results in a pair of DRs that now flank the insert. This insertion process applies to both mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as transposons, and to introns as reported here. The DNA break at the insertion site may be caused by transposon-like events or recombination. Thus, introns and transposons appear to be members of a group of parasitic MGEs that secondarily may benefit their host cell and have expanded greatly in eukaryotes from their prokaryotic ancestors.</div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0