Energy & Environmental Science最新文献

{"title":"Solvent-additive cascade engineering enables single-oriented perovskite films with facet-driven performance and stability","authors":"Bo Zhou, Pei Zhao, Junxue Guo, Shuaifeng Hu, Xin Guo, Jiewei Liu, Can Li","doi":"10.1039/d5ee04415d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee04415d","url":null,"abstract":"Facet engineering is an important strategy for enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite devices. However, the formation of high-quality, tunable crystal facets remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we employed a novel solvent-additive cascade regulation (SACR) strategy to create homogenous orientations <em>via</em> a two-step method. Mechanistic analysis reveals that solvents drive orientation <em>via</em> topochemical assembly, while additives regulate specific facet growth through differential bonding intensities with crystal nuclei. With the SACR method, we successfully obtained perovskite films with homogeneous (111) and (100)-oriented facets following the Wulff construction rule. The resulting n–i–p structured devices achieved optimal efficiencies of 23.32% and 25.33%, respectively. Notably, the (100)-oriented devices exhibited superior photoelectric performance, whereas the (111)-oriented devices demonstrated better long-term stability. This work underscores the critical role of facet engineering in tailoring the optoelectronic properties and structural stability of perovskite films, offering a viable pathway toward efficient and durable perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fullerene-Embedded Porphyrin Metallacages as Photoactive Additives for Stable Binary Organic Solar Cells with a Certificated Efficiency of 20.2%","authors":"Hairui Bai, Wenyan Su, Tengfei Li, Zeyuan Zhang, Ruijie Ma, Ze-Fan Yao, Kai Xiang, Muhammad Hamza Maqsood, Zhaozhao Bi, Han Liu, Ke Wang, Yue Wu, Bin Kan, Lihe Yan, Guanghao Lu, Zhenghui Luo, Jianhua Chen, Yuhang Liu, Mingming Zhang, Gang Li, Wei Ma, Qunping Fan","doi":"10.1039/d5ee04824a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee04824a","url":null,"abstract":"Boosting both power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) and stability are crucial for the practical applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we synergistically improve PCE and stability of OSCs using fullerene-embedded porphyrin metallacages (MC4⊃C60 and MC4⊃C70) as photoactive additives. Compared to fullerene-free porphyrin metallacage (MC4) and MC4⊃C60, MC4⊃C70 has superior photo-responsive activity, multistage crystallization, and extraordinary non-covalent interactions with both donor (PM6) and acceptor (eC9-4ClO). Therefore, the MC4⊃C70-treated active layer obtains improved photon harvesting capability and optimized blend morphology with ideal crystallinity, intermolecular π-π stacking, and phase separation, eventually diminishing trap density, facilitating exciton generation and dissociation, improving charge collection, and limiting charge recombination. As a result, the MC4⊃C70-treated OSCs provide a higher PCE of 20.42% compared to those metallacage-free (19.88%), MC4 (19.16%), and MC4⊃C60 (20.09%) treated OSCs. Notably, the champion OSCs achieve a certified PCE of 20.20%, ranking among the highest certified values for binary OSCs. Impressively, the MC4⊃C70-treated devices also offer superior long-term operation stability with a ~90% retention of the initial PCE under maximum-power-point tracking for 500 h. This work opens a new avenue of using fullerene-embedded porphyrin metallacages as photoactive additives to manipulate the optoelectronic and morphological properties for realizing efficient and stable OSCs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computationally Accelerated Discovery of Mixed Metal Compounds for Chemical Looping Combustion and Beyond","authors":"Kunran Yang, Fanxing Li","doi":"10.1039/d5ee02521d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee02521d","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to their monometallic counterparts, mixed metal compounds, such as mixed metal oxides and nitrides, are highly versatile in their compositional, structural, redox, and surface properties. This versatility unlocks exciting opportunities for applications in clean energy conversion and sustainable chemical production. However, efficiently identifying optimal compositions remains a significant challenge due to the vast and complex material design space. This perspective discusses how high-throughput computational and data science tools are transforming the rational design of mixed metal compounds for chemical looping applications beyond combustion. The specific applications covered include chemical looping air separation, redox-based CO2 and water splitting, NH3 synthesis, and redox-activated CO2 sorbents, among others. We aim to illustrate how high-throughput density functional theory (DFT) calculations, combined with machine learning and experimental validation, have accelerated material screening and optimization, enabling the efficient exploration of vast compound families. Finally, we discuss future trends aimed at improving the efficiency and accuracy of chemical looping carrier discovery.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting but Not Idle: Unveiling Mechanistic Origins of Resting Losses for Zinc Anodes","authors":"John F Koons, Ashutosh Rana, Md. Arif Faisal, James Nguyen, Saptarshi Paul, Jeremy H. Lawrence, Jeffrey E Dick","doi":"10.1039/d5ee05063d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee05063d","url":null,"abstract":"Resting losses in aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) can exceed over 15% of anode capacity within hours; severe enough to cripple grid-scale deployment. These losses are reported to occur regardless of electrolyte (ZnSO₄, Zn(OTf)₂, ZnCl₂), current collector (Cu, Ti, Ni, C, stainless steel, Pt), temperature, or other conditions. This is widely attributed to the thermodynamic advantage of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, 0 V vs. SHE) over Zn/Zn²⁺ (–0.76 V vs. SHE), driving rapid dissolution of plated Zn on the current collector with spontaneous H₂ release. By contrast, analogous non-aqueous Li and Na systems show only a fraction of such losses, highlighting corrosion mechanisms unique to Zn. Understanding the mechanistic origins of capacity fading under resting conditions remains a major barrier and must be addressed to establish the design principles needed to mitigate high resting losses in AZMBs. In this work, we use fluorescence microscopy to reveal lateral propagation of cathodic current across current collectors, showing that spontaneous electron exchange occurs not only on deposited Zn but also on the current collector itself, substantially accelerating corrosion. Applying mixed potential theory, we show that electron transfer kinetics, thermodynamic reduction potentials, and concentration polarization collectively govern corrosion rates. We apply in-situ operando electrochemical mass spectrometry to precisely quantify resting corrosion rates and faradaic efficiencies, and our results clearly show that these rates vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the HER kinetics of the current collector. Mechanistically, our results show that galvanic corrosion extends beyond just the anode active materials, to the current collector and other coin cell components, including casings, spacers, and springs; whose catalytic activity toward HER exacerbates irreversible consumption of active Zn. We show that these hidden corrosion pathways operate under both resting and cycling conditions, explaining paradoxical HER observations during Zn stripping. By systematically linking deposited Zn, electrolytes, current collectors, and non-electrode components, this study unifies prior observations of resting corrosion, provides a mechanistic understanding of capacity fading origins, and establishes design principles to mitigate losses.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145288783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for ground-up life cycle assessment of novel, carbon-storing building materials","authors":"Seth Kane, Baishakhi Bose, Jin Fan, Thomas Hendrickson, Sarah Nordahl, Corinne D. Scown, Sabbie Miller","doi":"10.1039/d5ee02728d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee02728d","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, materials production of materials is responsible for over 25% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, due to their long-lived nature and enormous scale of production, some building materials offer a potential means for atmospheric carbon storage. Accurate emissions accounting is key to understanding this potential, yet life-cycle inventory (LCI) databases struggle to keep up with the wide array of novel materials and provide the data to accurately characterize their effect on net carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions and uptake. To this end, we offer a framework for developing LCIs from the ground up using thermodynamic first principles and provide guidance on alternative approaches to characterize material LCIs from limited data when first principles approaches are not feasible. This framework provides a generalizable methodology to develop and compare LCIs of novel material production. To ensure the accuracy of this framework and provide step-by-step examples of its application, we consider the following mineral-based and bio-based building materials: Portland cement, low-carbon steel, gypsum board, and cross-laminated timber from yellow poplar and from eastern hemlock, showing good agreement with existing LCIs. This framework is developed with a particular focus on describing CO2e emissions and energy consumption of material production, but it could be extended to other environmental impacts or applications. Grounding initial LCIs in first principles can guide the early-stage design of novel materials and processes to minimize CO2e emissions or improve the carbon sequestration potential of critical materials across sectors.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145295113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designer diffusion media microstructures enhance polymer electrolyte fuel cell performance","authors":"Rens J. Horst, Ralph van der Linde, Rémy R. Jacquemond, Baichen Liu, Antoni Forner-Cuenca","doi":"10.1039/d5ee03633j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee03633j","url":null,"abstract":"Gas diffusion media are essential components in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and a broad range of electrochemical technologies, enabling efficient mass transport of gas and liquid, electronic and thermal conductivity, and structural integrity under compression. Conventional diffusion media, typically made from carbon fiber substrates with microporous layers, have been extensively post-treated to enhance performance; however, these approaches offer limited control over three-dimensional microstructure, particularly for advanced architectures with bimodal or gradient porosity – which can facilitate multiphase gas and liquid mass transport – and often rely on complex, multi-step processes. These limitations underscore the need for scalable, cost-effective fabrication methods capable of producing much broader geometrical features. Here, we introduce a scalable, bottom-up fabrication method based on non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) to produce carbon-based diffusion media with finely tunable microstructures. By systematically varying processing parameters, we generate thin, mechanically robust diffusion media with tailored in-plane and through-plane porosity, including isoporous and bimodal structures. Using microscopy, porosimetry, and electrochemical diagnostics, we correlate microstructural features with single-cell fuel cell performance, revealing their impact on water management and gas transport. We further demonstrate post-treatment strategies to enhance mass transport properties and benchmark the cost and scalability of NIPS fabrication against conventional carbon fiber-based diffusion media via technoeconomic analysis. Our findings highlight the potential of NIPS as a versatile and industrially relevant pathway for next-generation diffusion media, offering new design freedoms to optimize fuel cell performance and reduce system-level costs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecule-regulating membrane-driven interphase stabilization of electrodes for Li||NCM811 cells under practical operating conditions","authors":"Soojin Park, Dong-Yeob Han, Jiyoon Lee, Youmin Bang, Sangwon Lee, Hyeongseok Shim, Yubhin Cho, Gyujin Song, Tae Kyung Lee","doi":"10.1039/d5ee04968g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee04968g","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving durable, high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) remains a major challenge under practical conditions such as elevated temperatures, lean electrolyte content, and low negative-to-positive capacity ratios. Here, we report a molecularly functionalized separator incorporating polar fluorine and oxygen groups that concurrently stabilize lithium metal anodes and Ni-rich cathodes by spatially modulating interfacial reactions. This functional membrane facilitates uniform lithium fluoride formation at the anode and suppresses hydrofluoric acid generation at the cathode, thereby mitigating dendritic growth, structural degradation, and chemical crosstalk. Advanced synchrotron-based nano-computed tomography and scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the separator markedly suppresses intergranular cracking and layered-to-rock-salt phase transitions in Ni-rich cathodes, while density functional theory calculations elucidate the molecular-level mechanisms of LiF promotion and PF 5 stabilization. Full cells using conventional carbonate-based electrolytes, high-loading cathodes (5.3 mAh cm -2 ) and thin lithium anodes (40 μm) demonstrate 80% capacity retention after 208 cycles at 55 o C. Notably, a pouch-type bi-cell operating under stringent low N/P ratio and lean electrolyte achieves exceptional energy densities of 385.1 Wh kg cell -1 and 1135.6 Wh L cell -1 , including packaging. These findings highlight a scalable, materials-based strategy for overcoming interfacial instability, offering a promising route toward practical deployment of next-generation LMBs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial solar evaporation-driven lithium extraction from saltlake brines for battery-grade Li 2 CO 3 production","authors":"Wenqian Xing, Deyu Wang, Kai Feng, Shihao Ding, Xinle Zhang, Haolan Xu, Jiang Gong, Jinping Qu, Ran Niu","doi":"10.1039/d5ee04165a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee04165a","url":null,"abstract":"The rising demand for lithium, essential for energy storage, has heightened the need for efficient extraction methods from salt-lake brines, as current techniques are inefficient and energy-intensive. Here we present a facile, durable and energyefficient approach for lithium extraction using a solar evaporation-driven ion pump. The evaporation system, composed of a porous hydrogel matrix embedded with lithium-ion sieves and featuring directional salt crystallization function, effectively separates lithium ion from other cations and accelerates lithium diffusion toward adsorption sites. Consequently, lithium adsorption kinetics (saturation time decreased from 8 h to 5 h), selectivity (from 65 to 413) and capacity (from 10.7 to 24.7 mg g -1 in salt-lake brine) are all significantly enhanced. Additionally, the designed evaporator enables zero-liquid discharge brine evaporation, ensuring long-term stable performance for freshwater production, which is used for subsequent lithium elution and battery grade Li 2 CO 3 production. Thus, a closed-loop system is achieved, enabling sustainable cycles of lithium extraction, freshwater generation, lithium elution, absorbent regeneration, and water reuse.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Class of Carbonate-Oxychloride Solid Electrolytes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion All-Solid-State Batteries","authors":"Xinmiao Wang, Simeng Zhang, Junyi Yue, Xingyu Wang, Yang Xu, Yue Gong, Liyu Zhou, Changtai Zhao, Jianwen Liang, Xiangzhen Zhu, Han Wu, Xiaolong Yan, Biwei Xiao, Meng Li, Chenxiang Li, Shuo Wang, Xueliang Sun, Xiaona Li","doi":"10.1039/d5ee03490f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee03490f","url":null,"abstract":"As a key component of sodium-ion all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with promising high safety and energy density, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) play a critical role in determining electrochemical performance. However, current synthesis methods for high-performance SSEs still leave room for improvement. This study introduces a series of novel amorphous sodium-ion SSEs (MCly-xNa2CO3, M = Ta, Nb, Hf, Zr, and Al) synthesized efficiently via high-energy ball milling. We obtained the TaCl5-1.2Na2CO3 SSE with an impressive room temperature (RT) ionic conductivity of 1.11 mS cm-1 in just 10 minutes. Furthermore, the optimal Na+ conductivity of TaCl5-0.5Na2CO3 (TC-NCO) can reach 5.01 mS cm-1. Local structure features Ta-centered polyhedra, either isolated or connected by bridging oxygens, dispersed within a disordered amorphous matrix that facilitates Na+ transport. TC-NCO SSE exhibits high-voltage stability (4.24 V vs. Na15Sn4) and compatibility with various cathodes in ASSBs. When paired with an O3-type oxide cathode, it retains 92% capacity after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. The findings enable the rapid synthesis of high-performance sodium-ion SSEs, contributing to the advancement of ASSBs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation Phenomena in PEMWE Revealed by Correlative Electrochemical and Nanostructure Analysis","authors":"Selina Finger, Birk Fritsch, Mingjian Wu, Leopold Lahn, Darius Hoffmeister, Johannes Will, Olga Kasian, Erdmann Spiecker, Simon Thiele, Anna T. S. Freiberg, Andreas Hutzler","doi":"10.1039/d5ee03712c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ee03712c","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding degradation mechanisms in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is critical for advancing the long-term durability of the technology. In this study, we investigate degradation induced by four distinct accelerated stress test protocols through a combination of electrochemical diagnostics and quantitative ex situ characterization techniques. We identify multiple interconnected degradation pathways that strongly depend on the operational mode. A key finding is the dissolution of Pt-coating from the anode porous transport layer (PTL), which alters the interface between the PTL and catalyst layer and leads to Pt deposition within the membrane. This process potentially increases the risk of radical formation and chemical membrane degradation. Although Pt coatings on Ti-based PTLs are commonly used to prevent passivation and reduce contact resistance, their role in degradation has been largely overlooked, underscoring the need to assess PTL stability alongside that of the catalyst layers. Additionally, changes in the oxidation state of the Ir-based anode catalyst affect both activity and conductivity. Notably, a higher degree of oxidation is reached when cycling through redox transients compared to operation in steady oxidative regime.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}