{"title":"Crystal phase and band edge modulation of MA- and Br-free CsFA-based perovskite for efficient inverted solar cells and minimodules","authors":"Jiewei Yang, Qi Wang, Wei Hui, Xin Chen, Yuqi Yao, Weijian Tang, Wuke Qiu, Xiaopeng Xu, Lin Song, Yihui Wu, Qiang Peng","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05860g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05860g","url":null,"abstract":"The non-radiative voltage loss associated with traps (V_loss^(non-rad)) is the crucial factor limiting the performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, we manipulate the crystal growth and spectral response of MA-/Br-free CsFA-based perovskite to minimize the V_loss^(non-rad) by rationally introducing methyl (methylsulfinyl)methyl sulfide (MMS) into the precursor. MMS effectively inhibits the oxidation of halide and reduces the formation of δ-phase perovskite during the phase-transformation, resulting in the formation of a high-quality perovskite film with fewer defects and reduced non-radiative recombination. Notably, a 5 nm of red-shift in the band edge of perovskite is achieved, providing an additional integrated current density of 0.24 mA/cm2. Consequently, a certified efficiency of 26.01% from the reverse scan along with a quasi-steady-state output efficiency of 25.30% is achieved for the 0.09-cm2 inverted PSC, marking the highest values for inverted PSCs based on MA-/Br-free CsFA double-cation perovskite to date. The champion device exhibits a minimal V_loss^(non-rad) of 67 mV. The present stategy is also extended to a minimodule with active area of 12.96-cm2 by delivering an efficiency of 22.67% from the reverse scan. Moreover, the target devices demonstrate great thermal and operational stability. This study offers an versatile Lewis base for regulating the crystal growth and spectral response of perovskite films, and emphasizes the significance of minimizing the V_loss^(non-rad) for high-performance inverted PSCs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yufan Zhang, Chi Ho Lee, Md Zahidul Islam, Joseph Kwon, Choongho Yu
{"title":"Low-cost, Resilient, and Non-flammable Rechargeable Fe-ion Batteries with Scalable Fabrication and Long Cycle Life","authors":"Yufan Zhang, Chi Ho Lee, Md Zahidul Islam, Joseph Kwon, Choongho Yu","doi":"10.1039/d4ee03350g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03350g","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous Fe-ion batteries are largely unexplored due to their short cycle life despite the extremely low material cost. The working mechanisms are mostly undisclosed with only a few experimental studies. In this study, we demonstrate that our Fe-ion batteries can deliver an impressive specific capacity of 225 mAh/g at a relatively low 5 C rate and exhibited an extremely long cycle life of up to 27,000 cycles with a capacity retention of 82% at 15 C. Furthermore, the anode is simply a carbon steel foil (moderate purity Fe source) along with scalable cathodes and low-cost FeSO4 electrolyte, offering cost-effective solutions. Our theoretical study reveals Fe incorporation processes in the cathode and the corresponding voltage profiles during cycling, attributing mainly to the formation energy of Fe on the emptied N sites of polyaniline and structural deformations with the Fe attachment. Our batteries are shown to be free from fire and failure due to short circuits. With the manufacturing-friendly sandwich-type or 3D cylindrical cathodes eliminating multi-stack electrodes, our batteries have the potential to be cost-effective, long-lasting, and safe for stationary energy storage systems.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stabilizing aluminum metal anode with exchange current regulation","authors":"Sichen Gu, Wanli Nie, Qiao Meng, Xinming Chen, Jiameng Zhang, Yun Cao, Wei Lv","doi":"10.1039/d4ee03542a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03542a","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum-ion (Al-ion) batteries are up-and-coming batteries for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost. However, the poor cycling stability of the aluminum (Al) metal anode arising from much more severe non-planner deposition than the other metals, especially at high current densities, limits their practical applications. Herein, we use classical metal electrodeposition theory to understand the aluminum deposition behavior and show a simple and practical way, that is, regulating the exchange current density (i0)/limiting current density (iL), the descriptor for metal deposition behavior, for uniform electrodeposition of aluminum metal. The regulation is realized by an electron-insulating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating. By carefully tuning the coating thickness, we can regulate the exchange current density to optimally balance mitigating interphase reactions while maintaining efficient mass transport. As a result, a stable Al metal anode reaction over 2800 hours is obtained under the exceptionally large current density of 5 mA cm-2 and a large deposition capacity of 5 mAh cm-2. The full cell with artificial graphite cathode delivers a stable discharge capacity of 65 mAh g-1 and a high CE of 99.5 %, without apparent capacity or CE decay over the 2500 cycles. This work presents a new strategy for regulating electrodeposition for Al metal anode and demonstrates an electrodeposition principle for metal anode batteries.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seenivasan Selvaraj, Sangeeta Adhikari, Amarnath T. Sivagurunathan, Do-Heyoung Kim
{"title":"Supercapttery: Unlocking the Potential of Battery-Supercapacitor Fusion","authors":"Seenivasan Selvaraj, Sangeeta Adhikari, Amarnath T. Sivagurunathan, Do-Heyoung Kim","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04348k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04348k","url":null,"abstract":"This review discusses unexplored areas associated with supercapatteries to facilitate their transition from the laboratory to commercialization. The fundamentals of supercapatteries and the need for such energy storage systems are described. We particularly focus on the qualitative and quantitative criteria required for an energy storage system to be considered as a supercapattery. Various configurations of different electrodes and electrolytes in energy storage systems have been explored to take advantage of different charge storage mechanisms. We summarize critical studies that employ in-situ and operando techniques to identify the specific charge storage mechanism in these systems and discuss the factors influencing the energy density and power density of energy storage systems and strategies to improve them. Furthermore, a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis are conducted to access the current status of these hybrid energy storage system. Finally, the practical, technical, and manufacturing challenges associated with combining the characteristics of supercapacitors and batteries in high-performance supercapatteries are outlined. The market potential of supercapatteries and their applications are also surveyed based on the market prospects of supercapacitors and batteries. Overall, this review explores the past, present, and future of supercapatteries.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"313 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Tan, Zhipeng Yu, Chenyue Zhang, Fei Lin, Shiyu Ma, Haoliang Huang, Hong Li, Dehua Xiong, Lifeng Liu
{"title":"Self-supported NiTe@NiMo electrodes enabling efficient sulfion oxidation reaction toward energy-saving and chlorine-free hybrid seawater electrolysis at high current densities","authors":"Hao Tan, Zhipeng Yu, Chenyue Zhang, Fei Lin, Shiyu Ma, Haoliang Huang, Hong Li, Dehua Xiong, Lifeng Liu","doi":"10.1039/d4ee05379f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee05379f","url":null,"abstract":"The sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) assisted seawater electrolysis has been proposed to be a potentially cost-effective approach to hydrogen production because SOR happens at an anodic potential significantly lower than that of the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the key to unleash full potential of SOR for practical seawater electrolysis is to develop highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts able to sustain in harsh seawater environment at high current densities. Herein, we report the fabrication of nickel foam supported nickel telluride nanorod arrays covered conformally with an electrodeposited amorphous nickel molybdenum layer (NiTe@NiMo/NF), which exhibit outstanding SOR performance, capable of delivering 500 mA cm−2 at only 0.55 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and operating at 500 mA cm−2 for 100 hours without degradation, in both simulated and natural seawater. Our comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the NiTe@NiMo/NF electrode undergoes a dynamic reconstruction process, and the in-situ generated [MoO4]2− moieties can modulate and stabilize the catalytically active NiTe/NiOOH, improving the SOR activity and stability. Consequently, the asymmetric membrane electrode assembly comprising NiTe@NiMo/NF as the anode can deliver a current density as large as 5.0 A cm−2 at 1.33 V in alkaline natural seawater at 70 °C and operate at 1.0 A cm−2 below 1.0 V for 334 hours, holding great potential for energy-saving and cost-competitive hydrogen production from seawater.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fumiyasu Nozaki, Shaoning Zhang, Martin Hoffman Peterson, Jinkwang Hwang, Jin Hyun Chang, Juan Maria Garcia-Lastra, Kazuhiko Matsumoto
{"title":"Oxygen-Powered Sustainable FePO4 Preparation Routines for Sodium Metal Batteries with Li Acetate Recovery","authors":"Fumiyasu Nozaki, Shaoning Zhang, Martin Hoffman Peterson, Jinkwang Hwang, Jin Hyun Chang, Juan Maria Garcia-Lastra, Kazuhiko Matsumoto","doi":"10.1039/d4ee03951c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee03951c","url":null,"abstract":"Triphylite NaFePO4 emerges as a promising solution for sodium secondary batteries due to its abundant constituent elements and high energy density, making it attractive for sustainable energy storage applications. However, the direct synthesis of triphylite NaFePO4 is hindered by its thermal metastability. In this study, we propose an oxygen-powered sustainable production method for heterosite FePO4, the desodiated form of triphylite NaFePO4, derived from LiFePO4. Oxygen gas serves as the oxidizing agent for delithiating LiFePO4, and a closed-loop process has been successfully established to enable lithium recycling, which is essential for achieving cost-effective FePO4 production. Furthermore, we propose a high energy density metal cell configuration that utilizes the charged state of sodium metal batteries (Na/FePO4 configuration), aiming to improve the cyclability of Na-metal-free cells while maintaining the high energy density, thereby addressing a significant challenge in sodium metal battery technology.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Mo, Wang Zhou, Kexuan Wang, Wenwen Yang, Zixu Liu, Shi Chen, Peng Gao, Jilei Liu
{"title":"Uncovering the Role of Organic Species in SEI on graphite Towards Fast K+ Transport and Long-life Potassium-ion Batteries","authors":"Ying Mo, Wang Zhou, Kexuan Wang, Wenwen Yang, Zixu Liu, Shi Chen, Peng Gao, Jilei Liu","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04698f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04698f","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of potassium ion batteries (PIBs) using graphite anode is highly dependent on the composition of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that include both organic and inorganic species. Currently, most researches focus on constructing an inorganic-rich SEI, whereas the critical role of organic components is barely understood and thus hinders the rational regulation of SEI chemistry. Herein, tailored SEI composition with controllable organic/inorganic ratios on graphite surface has been obtained through simply adjusting the temperatures, and a series of experiments have been conducted to understand their ionic transport capabilities and stability using Prussian white/graphite full cells. The organic component is identified crucial in enhancing the kinetics. Consequently, the full cell with organic-rich SEI (such as -(CH2CH2O)n-) exhibits good rate capability, whereas the full cell with inorganic-rich SEI (such as KF) demonstrates excellent cycling performance. In contrast, the full cell with an organic-inorganic balanced SEI can provide fast K+ transport capabilities and good mechanical stability synergistically, thereby achieving good rate performance and cycling stability. Our research reveals the critical role of organic components in SEI to optimize K+ storage performance, which provides valuable guidance for the rational design of SEI and offers significant potential for the development of high performance PIBs.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defect-enabled local high-temperature field within carbon to promote in-plane integration of an electrocatalyst for CO2-to-CO conversion","authors":"Yafang Zhang, Chang Yu, Xuedan Song, Xinyi Tan, Wenbin Li, Shuo Liu, Xiuqing Zhu, Song Cui, Yuanyang Xie, Jieshan Qiu","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04511d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04511d","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient coupling of metal-containing complexes with carbon supports is a preferred method to maximize their intrinsic electrocatalytic activity. Herein, a defect-enabled local high-temperature field was precisely induced <em>via</em> microwave irradiation, allowing the in-plane integration of metal-containing complexes and carbon supports. In particular, under an energetic microwave input, <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylformamide was ingeniously used to preset defect placeholders <em>via</em> the adsorption/anchoring of nitrogen species. Next, the created defects triggered concentrated electromagnetic wave attenuation, which further converted into Joule heating. Finally, these local high-temperature fields favored the spatial interlocking and topological conversion of Fe-macrocycles, as confirmed by multiscale spectroscopy, finite element analysis, and density functional theory. The compact in-plane microstructure endowed this electrocatalyst with a superior high turnover frequency of 241 000 h<small><sup>−1</sup></small> for CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>-to-CO conversion. Moreover, the reaction could be operated in a scaled-up membrane electrode assembly with an effective electrode area of 5 × 5 cm<small><sup>2</sup></small> at a total current density of 200 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>. This work provides a novel path for the precise fabrication of well-defined materials with excellent electrocatalytic activity.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"259 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuejiao Wu, Jonathan Van Waeyenberg, Dario Vangestel, Bert Sels
{"title":"The Overlooked Solvent Effects: Reconsider the Paradigm in Semiconductor Photocatalysis","authors":"Xuejiao Wu, Jonathan Van Waeyenberg, Dario Vangestel, Bert Sels","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04157g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04157g","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor photocatalysis has seen decades of development, with most attention focused on two key elements: semiconductors Semiconductor photocatalysis has seen decades of development, with most attention focused on two key elements: semiconductors and solutes. However, the third “S” — solvents — which play a crucial role in condensed-phase reactions, has been surprisingly largely overlooked in this field. Despite its significant impact on chemical reactions, solvents have not received the attention they deserve in semiconductor photocatalysis. By reviewing the historical development of this area, we argue that the limitations on solvent selection are becoming increasingly impractical. We explore the fundamental effects solvents have on semiconductor photocatalysis, breaking down their complex influence into three areas: semiconductor properties, interfacial charge transfer, and chemical reactions in the solution. This perspective highlights the urgent need for more comprehensive and systematic research on solvent effects. Although not often the main focus of many studies, several examples are provided to demonstrate the importance of solvent effects. Future research directions are also discussed. Ultimately, this review calls for a rethinking of the current approach to semiconductor photocatalysis, stressing the critical role of solvents.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duo Qu, Chuanzhen Shang, Xiaoyu Yang, Chenyun Wang, Bin Zhou, Qichao Qin, Lei Gao, Jingyuan Qiao, Qiang Guo, Wenqiang Yang, Kai Wang, Rui Zhu, Yongguang Tu, Wei Huang
{"title":"Phase homogeneity mediated charge-carrier balance in two-step-method halide perovskite photovoltaics","authors":"Duo Qu, Chuanzhen Shang, Xiaoyu Yang, Chenyun Wang, Bin Zhou, Qichao Qin, Lei Gao, Jingyuan Qiao, Qiang Guo, Wenqiang Yang, Kai Wang, Rui Zhu, Yongguang Tu, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1039/d4ee04419c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ee04419c","url":null,"abstract":"The multi-scale chemical phase heterogeneity of halide perovskites seriously affects the physical functional integrity of semiconductors and the performance of photovoltaic devices. However, the phase homogeneity in two-step-method perovskites (TSPs) has rarely been investigated. Here, we elaborate on the severe heterogeneity of the FAMA-based TSP film and found that residual PbI<small><sub>2</sub></small> crystallites and Pb<small><sup>0</sup></small> species accumulate at the top while a Cl/MA-rich interface is present at the bottom, impeding carrier nonequilibrium transport in the vertical direction. The homogeneity of the TSP film is reinforced by chemical tailoring with 4-methoxyphenethyl ammonium chloride, thus achieving superior structural stability and a charge carrier balance dynamic process. The target TSP p–i–n device achieves a recorded power conversion efficiency of 25.12% under 1-sun illumination (certified at 24.01%). This study uncovers the hidden physicochemical properties of the TSP film, guiding the understanding of microscopic homogeneity and functional integrity and the design of efficient two-step-method inverted perovskite solar cells.","PeriodicalId":72,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Environmental Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":32.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142841657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}