ACS Applied Nano Materials最新文献

{"title":"Morphology-Driven Interfacial Coupling in Monolayer MoS2 on Gold","authors":"Chan Thar Soe,&nbsp;Luka Pirker,&nbsp;Javier Varillas,&nbsp;Martin Kalbáč,&nbsp;Otakar Frank,&nbsp;Matěj Velický","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03660","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are strongly modified when interfaced with metals rather than weakly interacting substrates such as SiO₂. For monolayer MoS₂ on Au, the vibrational spectrum serves as a sensitive probe of substrate-driven charge transfer, strain, and hybridization. However, how these interactions evolve in response to roughness-induced changes in Au surface morphology remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate monolayer MoS₂ exfoliated onto Au films with varying surface roughness and show that its properties are governed by the balance between regions that conform to the underlying Au surface and regions that remain locally suspended. Correlative analyses combining atomic force microscopy, Raman/photoluminescence spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that increasing substrate roughness hinders conformal contact between MoS₂ and Au, promotes the formation of locally suspended regions, and enhances tensile strain in the monolayer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that incorporating a Pt adhesion layer yields exceptionally smooth Au surfaces, enabling efficient exfoliation even on ultrathin Au films and providing a cost-effective route toward large-area monolayer preparation. These findings establish interfacial morphology as a key parameter governing the mechanical, vibrational, and optical properties of monolayer MoS₂ and provide practical design guidelines for engineering metal−2D material interfaces for (opto)electronic, catalytic, and sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20722–20730"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-ray/Hypoxia-Activated Nanoplatform for Cascade-Amplified Combination Therapy of Orthotopic Glioblastoma","authors":"Zhinian Liu,&nbsp;Boxin Zheng,&nbsp;Runxin Hou,&nbsp;Songrun Han,&nbsp;Yue Cao,&nbsp;Shuyan Song,&nbsp;Na Yin,&nbsp;Ruijun Wang,&nbsp;Yinghui Wang,&nbsp;Hongjie Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03531","url":null,"abstract":"<p>X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT), with deep tissue penetration capability, offers a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma (GBM), but its therapeutic efficacy is limited by the poor stability of organic photosensitizers and the low radioluminescence efficiency of scintillators. To solve these issues, we constructed a nanoplatform using the organolanthanide scintillator Eu(TTA)₃phen as an X-ray energy harvester and zinc-doped CoMo-LDH (ZCM-LDH) as a photosensitizer. After further modification with lactoferrin (LF) and loading of the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH302, the resulting ZCM-LDH@Eu/T-LF efficiently inhibited GBM growth through the synergistic effect of X-PDT and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy. Benefiting from the strong X-ray absorption capacity and efficient exciton utilization of Eu(TTA)₃phen, together with the excellent photostability of the photosensitizer ZCM-LDH, ZCM-LDH@Eu/T-LF achieved highly efficient production of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) under X-ray excitation. Furthermore, the combination of X-PDT and hypoxia-activated prodrug TH302 achieved effective GBM treatment by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative membrane damage, and DNA damage, thus offering an efficient strategy for GBM therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20669–20681"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial Interaction Governs Wettability and Thermal Transport at Liquid Ga/SiC Interfaces","authors":"Yachuan Li,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Wenxi Liu,&nbsp;Yongjun Huo,&nbsp;Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c04841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04841","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In liquid-metal thermal management and SiC-based power-device packaging, the wettability and thermal transport across Ga/SiC interfaces are critical for efficient heat dissipation. However, the fundamental role of SiC crystal orientation and surface termination in governing interfacial wettability and thermal conductance remains unclear. In this study, we investigate nanoscale wetting and thermal transport of liquid Ga on SiC surfaces with different crystal planes and terminations by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that liquid Ga exhibits non-wetting behavior on ideal oxide-free SiC surfaces at 350 K. Among all considered interfaces, Si-terminated surfaces and the (111) crystal plane display stronger Ga−SiC interactions and consequently better wettability than other crystal planes. Although increasing temperature from 305 to 500 K improves liquid spreading, it does not alter the non-wetting nature of the interface. In addition, interfacial thermal conductance increases with interfacial interaction strength and wettability. The 111-Si interface exhibits the highest interfacial thermal conductance of 15.50 MW·m⁻²·K⁻¹. Vibrational density of states analysis further identifies the largest interfacial spectral overlap at 111-Si, providing complementary insight into interfacial vibrational coupling. These results demonstrate that interfacial interaction strength governs both wettability and interfacial thermal transport. This work establishes a direct correlation between interfacial structure, wettability, and heat transfer, providing atomistic guidance for applications of liquid gallium in thermal management.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20980–20989"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid, Temperature-Failsafe Magnetic Induction Processing of Adhesives Using Coprecipitation-Synthesized Mn−Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles","authors":"Jiaojiao Wang,&nbsp;Anshul Baral,&nbsp;Muralidhar Yadav,&nbsp;Terry W.J. Steele,&nbsp;Raju V. Ramanujan","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetic induction heating of Curie nanoparticles (CNPs), termed “Spinheat”, offers a rapid, temperature-failsafe alternative to conventional curing of adhesives, which consumes substantial energy and requires prolonged heating. Mn−Zn ferrite CNPs combine tunable Curie temperatures (<em>T</em>_c) with heat generation under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), making them suitable transducers. An aqueous coprecipitation route was developed to prepare Mn−Zn ferrite (Mn_<em>x</em>Zn_{1−<em>x</em>}Fe₂O₄, 0 ≤ <em>x</em> ≤ 1) CNPs, achieving a recovered-mass yield of ∼98%. Across the series of Mn−Zn ferrites, <em>T</em>_c was tuned from 107 to 334 °C, and the dry-state specific absorption rate (SAR) was correlated with composition, structure, particle and crystallite sizes, and magnetic properties. As-synthesized Mn_0.9Zn_0.1Fe₂O₄ (particle size ∼12 nm) exhibited the highest dry-powder SAR of 11 W/g at 140 Oe and 400 kHz (intrinsic loss power of 0.22 nH·m²/kg), exceeding prior dry-powder reports by more than tenfold. Annealing increased saturation magnetization but markedly reduced the SAR in the Mn-rich compositions, accompanied by particle growth from ∼5−15 nm to 300−400 nm. CNPs with <em>T</em>_c near 190 °C enabled 5 min induction curing of a commercial epoxy adhesive, achieving ∼19 MPa lap-shear strength (vs ∼15 MPa for oven curing), no discoloration, and ∼1.6% of the oven energy. These findings highlight the potential of Mn−Zn ferrite CNPs prepared <em>via</em> coprecipitation for rapid, energy-efficient adhesive and resin processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20610–20623"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silica Monoliths with Embedded Silver Nanoparticles for Safe Point-of-Use Water Disinfection that Avoids Nanopollution","authors":"Pietro Grisoli,&nbsp;Azhar Mahmood,&nbsp;Mohammadsadegh Tavakkolian Akbari,&nbsp;Giacomo Dacarro,&nbsp;Yuri Antonio Diaz Fernandez,&nbsp;Lavinia Rita Doveri,&nbsp;Daniele Merli,&nbsp;Chiara Milanese,&nbsp;Angelo Taglietti,&nbsp;Andrea Falqui,&nbsp;Alberto Casu,&nbsp;Francesca Ridi,&nbsp;Piersandro Pallavicini","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c04889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c04889","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macroscopic silica monoliths, AgNP/SiO₂ (<em>d</em> ∼ 1 cm, mass ∼ 100 mg), were synthesized with embedded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, <em>d</em> = 36 nm). Differently from the published materials based on AgNPs intended for disinfecting water, in AgNP/SiO₂, the AgNPs are not on the material surface but incorporated in the body of the monoliths, with the aim of avoiding the possible release to water even under mechanical solicitations. However, the synthesized silica materials are sufficiently porous to allow the diffusion of H₂O, O₂, and H⁺, obtaining the slow, sustained oxidation of the AgNPs and the release of trace quantities of Ag⁺. 1×, 10×, and 100× AgNP/SiO₂ monoliths were prepared, corresponding to 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0% w/w Ag content, which release Ag⁺ in the 0.008−0.064 ppm range (after 24 h, 20 °C) when the monoliths are immersed in water. Increased Ag⁺ release is observed at 37 °C (0.17 ppm, 24 h) and in acidic-buffered pH, with 0.62 ppm at pH 4.0 after 24 h and 0.12 ppm at pH 5.5 after 24 h. The microbicidal effect of the monoliths was verified by immersion in planktonic suspensions of <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Reduction of cell viability was observed after 5 h, which significantly increased at 24 h, correlating with the Ag concentration in the monoliths: 98.88, 99.61, and 99.78% viability reduction was found in the case of <em>S. aureus</em> with monoliths at 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 % w/w Ag, respectively, and 99.96, 99.98, and 99.99% viability reduction in the case of <em>E. coli</em> with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0% w/w Ag, respectively. Moreover, the AgNP/SiO₂ monoliths also displayed similar antibacterial efficacy when sealed in small paper sachets, suggesting their use as handy point-of-use immersion devices, similar to tea bags.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20990–21001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Metal-Support Interactions over Ni/ZrO2 Nano-Catalysts via Tuning ZrO2 Morphology for CO2 Methanation","authors":"Ziping Huang,&nbsp;Hao Deng,&nbsp;Shiquan Huang,&nbsp;Shuwen Yu,&nbsp;Qing Liu,&nbsp;Rongbin Zhang,&nbsp;Tongtong Wang,&nbsp;Gang Feng,&nbsp;Runping Ye","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03433","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nickel-based catalysts are low-cost non-precious metal alternatives for CO₂ methanation, yet their practical industrial applications are severely limited by the sluggish kinetic performance of low-temperature reactions and the high-temperature sintering of active nickel nanoparticles. Nanoparticles metal-support interaction (MSI) is regarded as a pivotal strategy to modulate and enhance the comprehensive catalytic performance of such catalysts. In this study, ZrO₂ supports with four distinct nanoscale morphologies were fabricated successfully via hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis routes, and a series of 10 wt.% Ni/ZrO₂ catalysts were subsequently prepared through the impregnation method. The varied morphological structures of ZrO₂ can effectively regulate the MSI to an optimal extent, which significantly promotes the distribution of metallic Ni active sites, and meanwhile enriches surface basic sites and nanoscale oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface. These advantageous structural and surface modifications greatly accelerate the activation and conversion of CO₂ via CO intermediate and formate reaction pathways. This study systematically clarifies the morphology-dependent regulation mechanism of MSI, providing a credible and facile strategy for the design and preparation of high-efficiency nickel-based nanocatalysts for CO₂ methanation.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20656–20668"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure Gradient-Induced Precursor Film Transition Bridges Dynamic Wetting and Interfacial Thermal Transport for Electronics Cooling","authors":"Kai Meng,&nbsp;Guorui Zhao,&nbsp;Liu Cui,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;Meng An,&nbsp;Lin Chen","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03603","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As heat flux densities in electronic devices continue to increase, dynamic liquid spreading and solid−liquid interfacial thermal transport have become critical to cooling performance, yet the intrinsic coupling between these two processes remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a pressure gradient-induced precursor film transition establishes a molecular-scale connection between dynamic wetting and interfacial thermal transport. During droplet spreading, a confined near-wall water layer spontaneously separates from the bulk droplet and evolves into a precursor film. We establish a geometric criterion to quantitatively identify the onset of this transition and reveal that the localized pressure buildup arising from near-wall molecular accumulation drives the outward migration of the interfacial water layer. The resulting precursor film further reconstructs the interfacial water network, establishes a continuous solid−liquid contact pathway, and strengthens low-frequency vibrational coupling. These synergistic changes collectively reduce the interfacial thermal resistance by approximately 38.8%. These results identify precursor film formation as a distinct nonequilibrium interfacial transition and establish a unified molecular mechanism linking dynamic wetting, interfacial restructuring, and thermal transport, providing molecular-level guidance for liquid-based cooling of high-heat-flux electronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20528–20537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual “Click-On” Phage Display for Nanoscaffolds with Discretely Tunable Lateral Display Density","authors":"Klemen Gnidovec,&nbsp;Liza Ulčakar,&nbsp;Krištof Bozovičar,&nbsp;Rok Romih,&nbsp;Ajasja Ljubetič,&nbsp;Tomaž Bratkovič","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c02379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c02379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Filamentous bacteriophages are monodisperse, high-aspect-ratio protein nanofibers that provide a scalable and genetically addressable platform for biohybrid nanomaterials. However, direct fusion of heterologous proteins to capsid proteins often disrupts assembly and limits high-density functionalization to short peptides. Here, we report a dual-display “type 388” phage vector enabling orthogonal and adjustable surface functionalization. SnoopTag was fused to the minor coat protein p3 for low-valency tip display, while SpyTag variants were displayed on the major coat protein p8 for sidewall presentation. Using fluorescent and immunochemical methods, and high-resolution microscopy techniques, we show that the lateral display density on p8 can be discretely adjusted by selecting distinct signal sequence-SpyTag combinations that modulate the efficiency of bacterial inner membrane integration and capsid incorporation. Replacement of the native p8 signal sequence with a signal recognition particle-compatible counterpart enhances functional display, enabling adjustable multivalent patterning. Orthogonal Tag/Catcher pairs and post-assembly cargo conjugation together establish a plug-and-play, anisotropic nanoscaffold for precision biofunctionalization. As a proof of concept, the phage nanotemplate was functionalized with targeting and reporter modules to generate an antibody-mimetic probe for analyte detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20543–20553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Large-Area Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: From Epitaxial Growth to Frontier Applications","authors":"Jialong Wang,&nbsp;Yuxue Zhou,&nbsp;Haoxuan Ding,&nbsp;Yanfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c03633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03633","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wafer-scale, high-quality, thickness- and stacking configuration-tunable two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (STMDCs) hold great potential to serve as channel materials in complementary field effect transistors (CFETs) at the sub-nanometer technology node, thus further extending the logic technology roadmap. Epitaxial growth of 2D STMDCs on industrial-compatible substrates should be the first step. In this perspective, we present an overview of recent advances in the epitaxial mechanism explorations and wafer-scale growth of monolayer STMDC films or single crystals <em>via</em> substrate surface modulations and growth methodology optimizations. The applications of 2D STMDC wafers in high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices are reviewed. Challenges and prospects are also highlighted, especially regarding the 12-inch-scale preparations of monolayer STMDC films and functional device integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20476–20482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Polymer Composite Electrodes, for Triboelectric Energy Harvesting","authors":"Austin D. Prowse,&nbsp;Monica F. Craciun,&nbsp;Mi Tian,&nbsp;Evgeniya Kovalska","doi":"10.1021/acsanm.6c02722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c02722","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable distributed energy technologies are increasingly in demand to power the growing ecosystem of low-power electronics and sensors without frequent battery replacement, and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising route for harvesting abundant mechanical energy. However, challenges persist in scalable, low-cost and eco-friendly electrode fabrication with balanced electrical performance, film integrity, and triboelectric efficiency. This study develops graphene-polymer composite electrodes via liquid-phase shear-force exfoliation of expanded graphite in isopropanol (IPA)/water mixtures, followed by vacuum filtration onto polyethylene (PE) films. Multilayer graphene (MLG) suspensions were optimized at shear speeds of 5000−7000 rpm for 1 h and volumes of 10−40 mL, with 7000 rpm and 40 mL yielding the best electrical performance due to reduced flake size and improved film continuity. Different additives were incorporated directly during film formation to enhance properties such as electrical conductivity and film integrity. The inclusion of 1% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) improved adhesion and flexibility, albeit at the expense of electrical conductivity, while 1.3% poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) enhanced film continuity and exhibited the lowest sheet resistance but introduced brittleness and agglomeration. In contact-separation TENGs, operated at 1 Hz and 40 N, pristine MLG electrodes on PE paired with polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE )achieved superior electrical outputs, namely ∼90 V peak voltage, ∼1.1 μA current, ∼32 nC charge. Although polymer additives lowered triboelectric output, PEDOT:PSS produced the maximum power density of 0.45 W m⁻² at ∼0.4 GΩ. These findings establish a low-cost, rapid and surfactant-free method for producing tunable graphene-enabled electrodes on industrial PE substrates, while highlighting the trade-off between sheet resistance, film integrity, and triboelectric performance in flexible energy harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":6,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Nano Materials","volume":"9 44","pages":"20567–20579"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149330388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}