Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Formation and Blockage Mechanisms of NGH in Deepwater Undulating Pipelines under Multiple Factors","authors":"Haitao Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhaolong Ge,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Na Wei,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xuefei Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lin Jiang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jianyong Feng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shouwei Zhou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bjørn Kvamme,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Richard Banks Coffin,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03846","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To mitigate severe risks posed by hydrate blockages in deepwater oil and gas operations, this study investigates the formation and blockage mechanisms of natural gas hydrate (NGH) in undulating subsea pipelines. Through large-scale flow experiments, we quantitatively analyzed the impacts of subcooling, the gas–liquid ratio, and the pipeline inclination angle. Key findings reveal that increased subcooling markedly accelerates hydrate formation, reducing the blockage time to approximately 97 min at 6 K subcooling. Although a high gas–liquid ratio (6000:1) promotes hydrate generation, stronger hydrodynamic shear under such conditions delays particle deposition, extending full blockage time to around 150 min. Furthermore, steeper inclinations significantly elevate the blockage risk, with the 60° inclined pipe exhibiting the earliest blockage. This study provides some references for researching the deposition patterns of hydrate formation in complex pipelines and theoretical guidance for flow assurance in deepwater operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18791–18801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ PVDF-Derived LiF-Rich Interphase Enables Air-Stable, High-Voltage Layered Ni-Rich Oxide Cathodes","authors":"Leiying Zeng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qiulong Tang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ying Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xueyi Guo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Long Jiang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hui Tong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jilu Zhao*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hui Shao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yanbin Shen,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Gaoqiang Mao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04268","url":null,"abstract":"<p >High-nickel layered cathode materials (LiNi_<i>x</i>Mn_<i>y</i>Co_<i>z</i>O₂, <i>x</i> + <i>y</i> + <i>z</i> = 1, <i>x</i> ≥ 0.8) have garnered significant attention for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to their outstanding energy density. However, increasing the nickel content leads to deteriorated air stability and poor cycling performance at high cutoff voltages, primarily due to interfacial chemical instability and electrochemical degradation. Herein, we report a facile and effective surface modification strategy for LiNi_0.83Co_0.12Mn_0.05O₂ (NCM811), leveraging surface residual alkaline lithium compounds as a lithium source to enable <i>in situ</i> transformation and the concurrent formation of a LiF-rich protective layer. The modified material, referred to as PT-NCM811, exhibits markedly reduced surface impurities after 7 days of air exposure, demonstrating excellent air stability. Furthermore, in a baseline ester-based electrolyte without any additives, PT-NCM811 delivers a capacity retention of 79.2% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C under a high cutoff voltage of 4.4 V vs Li⁺/Li, substantially outperforming the pristine NCM811 counterpart. This work offers a promising avenue for interfacial engineering of high-nickel cathodes and paves the way toward their practical deployment in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"19033–19041"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multistage Triaxial Shear Behavior of Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sands: Insights from the Discrete Element Method","authors":"Zeshao You,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Aowang Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Junxiao Jia,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Liang Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tao Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiang Sun*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yanghui Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02826","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Natural gas hydrate (NGH), recognized as a potential clean energy resource, poses significant geomechanical challenges during exploitation. A triaxial shear test serves as a critical tool for evaluating the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS) to ensure safe exploitation. This study employs the discrete element method (DEM) to compare the mechanical behaviors of HBS subjected to multistage and single-stage triaxial loading conditions. Key findings reveal that (1) shear-induced volumetric dilation exhibits a positive correlation with hydrate saturation but an inverse relationship with confining pressure; (2) multistage tests yield comparable failure strength to single-stage tests yet exhibit a reduced elastic modulus due to the irreversible structural damage accumulated in prior loading stages; (3) at elevated hydrate saturations (&gt;35.5%), pronounced particle slip occurs following stage II loading, suggesting premature shear band formation prior to complete reconsolidation; (4) force chain analysis at σ_c′ = 3 MP and ε_a = 20% indicates analogous contact force distributions between multistage and single-stage specimens, despite their different loading histories. A multistage triaxial test offers an efficient approach for characterizing strength and dilatancy properties of HBS, though its applicability for stiffness evaluation remains limited due to progressive structural damage effects. The findings provide fundamental insights for optimizing NGH exploitation strategies while mitigating geomechanical risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18831–18844"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and Modeling of Secondary Fe(OH)3 Phases in Stimulated Shale","authors":"Qingyun Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Cynthia M. Ross*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zuhao Kou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Vladimir Alvarado,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Saman A. Aryana,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02785","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of large volumes of water-based fluids into shale formations to create complex fracture networks, leading to opportunities for chemical interactions between shale and injectates. This study examines the mineralogical alterations resulting from the interaction between acidic stimulation fluids and a shale core using experimental and modeling approaches, focusing on secondary precipitation of ferric (hydr)oxides, Fe(OH)₃. Two experimental conditions were used: a brine-only case, where the shale was reacted with formation brine throughout, and a B + S case, where stimulation fluid was introduced midway to mix with the reacting brine. Focused ion beam-equipped scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and SEM provided the morphology and spatial distribution of minor secondary Fe(OH)₃ phases in shale. Two phases of secondary Fe(OH)₃ were revealed: (1) one phase replaced pyrite while preserving its framboidal structure (spherical clusters of microcrystalline pyrite), and (2) the other formed loosely clustered aggregates in secondary pores generated by ankerite dissolution. Both secondary phases of Fe(OH)₃ precipitated within nanoscale spaces. Following solid-phase characterization, a reactive transport model was developed based on the experimental setup to explore the key factors controlling secondary Fe(OH)₃ distribution within the shale matrix. Calibration against experimental observations suggested that (i) both secondary Fe(OH)₃ phases exhibited similar solubilities; (ii) pyrite-replacing Fe(OH)₃ had a lower reaction rate; and (iii) the distribution of secondary Fe(OH)₃ was influenced by the experimental design. Findings from this study provide a framework for interpreting experimental results within the context of the experimental design. Additionally, they contribute to a better understanding of secondary Fe(OH)₃ formation in shale and its potential impact on transport processes within shale matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18821–18830"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoelectrical Evaluation of CO2 Storage in Carbonate Aquifers Using Carbonated Water Injection","authors":"Maryana Emad Helmi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Isah Mohammed,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Abdulrauf R. Adebayo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Khaled Z. Abdelgawad,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mahmoud*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03952","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere and its role in global climate change have necessitated the development of effective carbon storage strategies. Geological storage of CO₂ in saline aquifers is a viable method to reduce CO₂ emissions due to its extensive size. However, mineral trapping, where CO₂ interacts with aquifer minerals or cations in the brine and converts the injected CO₂ into stable carbonates, is one of the most secure carbon storage mechanisms, contributing to the long-term retention of CO₂. Nevertheless, the dynamic processes governing mineral trapping, especially under different temperature conditions, remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study employs real-time electrical resistivity measurements to examine the geochemical interactions and their impact following carbonated water injection. Additionally, the study assesses changes in pore structure, pore connectivity, mineral dissolution, and precipitation behavior through microcomputed tomography scans, effluent fluid analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Results revealed a notable reduction in electrical resistivity after carbonated water injection, attributed to increased ionic strength, highlighting the effectiveness of resistivity logging for real-time monitoring of CO₂ injection. Furthermore, temperature was found to significantly influence wormhole formation, a key outcome of rock dissolution. While dissolution was less evident at 30 °C, a temperature of 50 °C promoted widespread wormhole formation due to enhanced mineral dissolution. However, at 70 °C, mineral dissolution was limited owing to decreased CO₂ solubility at higher temperatures. These findings suggest that 50 °C provides the optimal conditions for long-term CO₂ storage via carbonated water injection in carbonate aquifers, balancing pore structure enhancement with stable mineral trapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18969–18979"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Facile Process to Synthesize Porous Adsorbents from Clays for CO2 Capture","authors":"Pratibha Sharma,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Raju Kumar Gupta*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Himanshu Sharma*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03768","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anthropogenic CO₂ emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels contribute significantly to climate change. In this study, we examined the feasibility of employing low-cost, abundant, and environmentally friendly materials, such as kaolinite and bentonite clays, to synthesize solid adsorbents for CO₂ capture. The synthesis method involved subjecting the clay to thermal treatment and then alkaline treatment via a hydrothermal method to enhance the textural properties such as porosity and specific surface area. This pretreated clay was then functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to prepare porous adsorbents suitable for CO₂ capture. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), N₂ physisorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FESEM revealed the fibrous morphology of the alkaline-treated adsorbents. The loading of APTES on the surface of the adsorbent was confirmed by FTIR. The porosity and specific surface area of both kaolinite and bentonite increased after the alkaline treatment. TGA analysis confirmed that the synthesized adsorbents exhibited thermal stability up to 150 °C. The CO₂ adsorption capacity of these adsorbents under a simulated flue gas atmosphere, comprising of 15 vol % CO₂ in N₂, was determined using TGA. The CO₂ adsorption capacities of both untreated kaolinite and bentonite were found to be negligible at 35 °C but increased to 6.11 and 10.56 mg/g, respectively, after alkaline treatment. With APTES functionalization, their CO₂ adsorption capacities further increased to 20.69 and 25.96 mg/g at 35 °C, respectively. Moreover, the CO₂ adsorption capacity of APTES functionalized adsorbents was found to increase with an increase in temperature (from 35 to 75 °C). The maximum CO₂ adsorption capacities for kaolinite and bentonite-based adsorbents were found to be 30.36 and 38.72 mg/g, respectively, at the optimal temperature of 75 °C. Furthermore, TGA and a fixed-bed setup were employed to study CO₂ adsorption–desorption over multiple cycles at 75 °C. The adsorption capacity of these adsorbents was found to be stable over 5 cycles, making them promising in practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18946–18958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial Material in Water-in-Oil Emulsions Characterized by ESI(−) FT-ICR MS: Evaluation of the Influence of Centrifugation Conditions","authors":"Luciara C. Souza,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lindamara M. Souza,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Eliane V. Barros,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Emily A. Carvalho,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marcos H. O. Petroni,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Gabriely S. Folli,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Cristina M. S. Sad,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Danielle M. M. Franco,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Gabriel H. M. Dufrayer,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Boniek G. Vaz,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marcio N. Souza,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Osvaldo Karnitz Jr.,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Luiz S. Chinelatto Jr.,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marcia C. K. Oliveira,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Valdemar Lacerda Jr.,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Wanderson Romão*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03699","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Emulsion represents a major challenge in the petroleum industry due to its stabilization promoted by polar fractions. In this study, interfacial material (IM) residues were isolated from a naturally emulsified crude oil using a centrifugation-based methodology under different times and temperature conditions. The recovered interfacial materials were characterized by negative-ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(−) FT-ICR MS). Results showed that longer centrifugation times and higher temperatures reduced the abundance of nitrogen species while enriching oxygenated classes, particularly naphthenic acids and mixed heteroatomic species. Highly aromatic compounds migrated into NO₂[H] and NO₃[H] classes, whereas both linear and aromatic naphthenic acids, O₂[H] class, became more prominent. Van Krevelen diagrams confirmed the increase in aromaticity of the IMR compared with the original emulsion. These findings highlight the role of centrifugation parameters in modulating the composition of IM and provide new insights into the molecular species responsible for emulsion stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18773–18790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Hydrogen-Induced Transformations in Dolomite: Unlocking Natural Hydrogen Exploration and Subsurface Storage in Carbonates”","authors":"Krista Davies*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lionel Esteban,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Joel Sarout,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Alireza Keshavarz,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Stefan Iglauer,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"19060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment and Optimization Analysis of the Hydrogen-Integrated Industrial Park Energy System","authors":"Xin Weng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yu Guo,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02003","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen energy is a rapidly growing source of clean energy, and it has now become an important part of the sustainable energy system. This study focuses on the full life cycle environmental benefits and optimization path of hydrogen energy in industrial parks, and innovatively constructs a full chain integration model of hydrogen energy. Based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, the energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions of the system are quantified by analyzing manufacturer data and the Ecoinvent database. LCA allowed a systematic assessment of the environmental footprint and economic viability of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and utilization. The results show that the EPBT and GPBT of the hydrogen-integrated industrial park energy system are 11.9 and 7.1 years, respectively. Based on the results of the life cycle assessment, optimization strategies to further reduce carbon emissions are proposed. This study breaks through the limitations of the traditional single-link analysis method and establishes a decision-support framework that combines carbon reduction strategies with infrastructure optimization. The results of the study provide feasible insights for advancing the energy transition of cities and towns.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18980–18994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Green Methanol Production: Technologies, Economic Evaluation, and Carbon Emission Analysis","authors":"Wen Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chengyan Wen*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xinghua Zhang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lungang Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Longlong Ma,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03278","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Green methanol is a low-carbon and environmentally friendly methanol produced from renewable energy or biomass resources. As a leading alternative clean fuel, it can make it possible to achieve zero carbon emissions. Presently, the mainstream technology for the green methanol production includes CO₂ capture coupled with green hydrogen (G-H₂) to methanol, biomass gasification to methanol, and biomass gasification coupled with G-H₂ to methanol. Although there have been many reports on the technical advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned processes, there is still a lack of relevant guiding strategies on how to select the appropriate technical processes for large-scale production based on local conditions. To this end, the study establishes a three-dimensional “Technology-Economy-Environment” evaluation system and a full-chain carbon emission model covering “material production-synthesis-transportation-utilization” to summarize the technological developments, production costs, and carbon emission reduction potential across various methanol production pathways in detail. This work aims to provide a theoretical reference for optimizing industrial layouts and enhancing green methanol’s role in the global energy transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 39","pages":"18733–18750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}