Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Solid-State Hydrogen Storage in Atomic Layer Deposited α-MoO3 Thin Films","authors":"David Maria Tobaldi*,&nbsp;Salvatore Mirabella,&nbsp;Gianluca Balestra,&nbsp;Daniela Lorenzo,&nbsp;Vittorianna Tasco,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Manera,&nbsp;Adriana Passaseo,&nbsp;Marco Esposito,&nbsp;Andreea Neacsu,&nbsp;Viorel Chihaia and Massimo Cuscunà*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0115910.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01159https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01159","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen is an energy vector capable of storing and supplying large amounts of energy, maximizing the benefits of renewable and sustainable energy sources. Hydrogen is usually stored as compressed hydrogen gas or liquid hydrogen. However, the former requires high pressure and the latter cryogenic temperatures, being a huge limit to the widespread adoption of these storage methods. Thus, new materials for solid-state hydrogen storage shall be developed. Here, we show that an α–MoO₃ thin film, grown via atomic layer deposition, is a material with potential for reversibly storing hydrogen. We found that hydrogen plasma is a convenient way to hydrogenate – at room temperature and relatively low pressures (200 mTorr) – layered α–MoO₃ thin films. Density functional theory calculations of stepwise hydrogen insertion into α–MoO₃ reveal that hydrogen atoms preferentially form covalent bonds with monovalent oxygen atoms located within the van der Waals gaps separating the [010]-oriented layers. The hydrogen absorption process has been found to be totally reversible, with desorption of hydrogen effective at 350 °C/4 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, and recoverable after repeated cycles. Furthermore, a nominal 13 nm Al_<i>x</i>O_<i>y</i> capping layer, grown via atomic layer deposition, has been shown to be efficient in preventing hydrogen release. The volumetric hydrogen storage capacity of 28 kg·m^–3 achieved in our films is comparable to that of pressurized steel cylinders, highlighting their potential for practical applications. Our essay could be a starting point to a transition from conventional (gas and liquid) to more advantageous solid-state hydrogen storage materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11388–11397 11388–11397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outlook of Doping Engineering in NMC and LMNO Cathode Materials for Next-Generation Li-Ion Batteries","authors":"Prachi Kumari,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Rajen Kundu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0152710.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01527https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01527","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are vital for energy storage in devices like electric vehicles and portable electronics due to their high energy density and long cycle life. However, the performance of common cathode materials, such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP), is limited by challenges like capacity constraints, voltage fade, and structural degradation over time. Lithium manganese-rich layered oxides (LMRO) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their higher capacity potential. Still, they also face issues like voltage fade and cation mixing, which reduce long-term stability. To overcome these limitations, cationic and anionic doping strategies have been developed. Cationic doping with elements such as aluminum (Al) or titanium (Ti) improves structural stability and Li-ion diffusion, while anionic doping, replacing oxygen with elements like fluorine (F), reduces oxygen loss and voltage fade. This review explores how these doping engineering enhance cycle stability and capacity retention in NMC and LMNO cathode materials, offering pathways for next-generation LIBs with improved performance for electric vehicles and energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"10933–10966 10933–10966"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderated Molybdenum–Zeolite Interaction and Tunable Lewis–Brønsted Acid Sites’ Synergy for Efficient Kraft Lignin Depolymerization in Solvent-Donated Hydrogen","authors":"Ajibola T. Ogunbiyi,&nbsp;Wenzhi Li*,&nbsp;Leyu Zhu,&nbsp;Amir Hamza and Jingting Jin,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0104310.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01043https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01043","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Despite lignin’s massive potential for biobased clean fuel production, developing effective catalysts for selectively cleaving its interunit bonds to harness this potential continues to be challenging. In this study, an HZSM-5-supported MoO₃ catalyst was developed for a one-pot, hydrothermal kraft lignin depolymerization to maximize liquid fuel yield. A record-high 85.1% yield of petroleum ether-soluble product (a potential gasoline substitute), an unprecedented 45.3% yield of aromatic monomer, and a meager 4.9% char yield (corresponding to a 95.1% lignin conversion) were realized at 300 °C and 24 h in a catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis. The resulting liquid fuel afforded a calorific value of 35.97 MJ/kg, significantly improving over the 25.45 MJ/kg in the original kraft lignin. Catalyst characterization results showed that an optimal acidity characteristic and a suitable Mo-zeolite interaction were pivotal to the efficient cleavage of the C–O and C–C bonds in the kraft lignin. The analyses of the spent catalyst revealed that the formation of inactive Mo⁴⁺ species and carbonaceous deposits on the catalyst’s surface was responsible for the initial catalyst deactivation, but recalcination reinstated the catalyst activity. This study extends the frontiers of knowledge in rational catalyst development for lignin valorization applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11159–11172 11159–11172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption Capacity Enhancement on Coal Fly Ash for Carbon Capture in Humid Flue Gas: A Critical Review","authors":"Fan Han,&nbsp;Shao-Fei Wu*,&nbsp;Hong-Lei Ding,&nbsp;Yuan-Yuan Shen,&nbsp;Chao-Jie Wei,&nbsp;Yi-Feng Xu,&nbsp;Feng Lin and Wei-Guo Pan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0112410.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01124https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01124","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Adsorption-based carbon capture has emerged as a pivotal sustainable technology for realizing the vision of carbon neutrality owing to its low energy consumption and structurally straightforward design. However, the low adsorption capacity and high preparation costs of adsorbents have hindered scalable industrial applications. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of preparing carbon dioxide adsorbents from industrial waste for the scalable capture of carbon dioxide in humid flue gas. In this review, we focus on the utilization of coal fly ash from coal-fired power plants to fabricate adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and low cost for use in humid flue gases. We review the progress in various carbon dioxide adsorption materials derived from fly ash including metal oxides, zeolites, silica aerogels, and amine-based composite adsorbents. We envision that the preparation strategy for fly ash-derived adsorbents with high adsorption capacity will yield increasing numbers of robust structures suitable for humid flue gas conditions, and the high adsorption capacity of these challenging humid flue gases will predict long-term stable adsorption performance for application in humid air. To bring coal fly ash-based carbon capture solutions to broader markets, further research is imperative in the fields of deciphering competitive adsorption mechanisms, designing efficient adsorbents, and developing low-cost and compact adsorption-based carbon capture systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"10768–10801 10768–10801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting CO2 Solubility in Diverse Ionic Liquids: A Data-Driven Approach Using Machine Learning Algorithms","authors":"Zahra Bastami,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Sobati* and Mahdieh Amereh,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0134510.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01345https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01345","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, new machine-learning-based models have been developed for the prediction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) solubility in different Ionic Liquids (ILs). An extensive data set comprising 16,480 experimental data points of CO₂ solubility in 296 ILs, consisting of 103 different cation and 78 different anion structures, was utilized for this purpose. Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship (QSPR) models were developed using linear and nonlinear methods based on this large data set. To consider the effect of cation and anion structures on the CO₂ solubility, basic descriptors, including zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and fingerprint descriptors (a category of two-dimensional descriptors), were calculated. Subsequently, the most relevant variables were identified through the StepWise Regression (SWR), resulting in the selection of 18 categories of cationic and anionic descriptors, in addition to temperature and pressure, as inputs for nonlinear Machine Learning (ML) models such as MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Random Forest (RF), and Least-Squares Boosting (LSBoost). Internal and external validation of the models indicated that the LSBoost model displayed the highest accuracy in predicting CO₂ solubility and demonstrated superior capability in modeling complex data. <i>R</i>² and MSE values for this model were 0.9962 and 0.0070 for the training set and 0.9243 and 0.1277 for the test set, respectively. Furthermore, comparisons between the LSBoost model and the available models in the literature demonstrated that the LSBoost model surpasses the other models in performance, proving to be reliable for predicting CO₂ solubility in new ILs, thereby aiding in the design and selection of ILs for CO₂ capture.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11256–11278 11256–11278"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Transient Model and Simulating the Effects of Soil Properties on a Small Hole Leakage and Diffusion Characteristics in the Buried CO2 Pipelines","authors":"Yan Shang,&nbsp;Xiaokai Xing*,&nbsp;Xiaoling Chen,&nbsp;Ming Yang,&nbsp;Raj Kapur Shah and Xinyu Pang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0106910.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01069https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01069","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Carbon dioxide (CO₂) pipelines are subject to significant risk factors of leakage, primarily due to mechanical damages, corrosion, and third-party interference. The CO₂ pipe leakage, which involves the intricate phase of the transition processes and is characterized by the pronounced fluctuations in the pressure and temperature, creates considerable challenges to the pipeline reliability and environmental safety. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis on the leakage and seepage diffusion in the buried CO₂ pipelines is essential for accurate risk assessment and decreasing the response time associated with the leak detection. This study develops a transient model to examine the small hole leakages’ behavior in the buried CO₂ pipelines. By integrating the discharge model and seepage diffusion model coupled with the thermo-fluid–solid and multiphysical fields, the study focuses on the dynamic variations in pressure, velocity, temperature, and concentration of the soil during the leakage. Additionally, this research examines the effects of soil properties, including porosity, permeability, and types with the CO₂ leakage and seepage diffusion behavior. The key indicators such as Warning Alert Time (WAT), Temperature Detection Time (TDT), and Pipeline Brittle Range (PBR) are introduced to define the hazardous boundaries, providing a systematic framework for risk assessment. The findings demonstrate that the physical properties of the soil play a crucial role in determining the leakage behavior and hazardous range of the seepage diffusion in buried CO₂ pipelines. The developed transient numerical model helps to predict the dynamic characteristics of the leakage and seepage diffusion within the soil more effectively, offering a robust theoretical foundation and technical support for assessing the consequences of the CO₂ leakage.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11229–11243 11229–11243"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Emission Characteristics of Remaining Coal under Complex Stress Conditions in Abandoned Mines","authors":"Yu Shi,&nbsp;Jiahao Shen,&nbsp;Baiquan Lin* and Ting Liu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0114610.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01146https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01146","url":null,"abstract":"<p >It is of great significance to achieve the efficient development of gas resources in the coal of abandoned mines. However, the multisource gas emission characteristics of coal under complex stress remain unclear. Therefore, in this paper, gas emission experimental platforms for the creep of triaxial coal cores and uniaxially confined coal were independently designed and built first. Then, gas emission experiments for the creep of coal cores and crushing coal under different deviatoric stresses were carried out based on the self-built experiment platform. In the gas emission experiments for the creep of the coal core, the influence of coal damage during the creep process on gas emission characteristics was analyzed in combination with the changes in axial strain, acoustic wave velocity, and gas diffusion ratio. In addition, in the gas emission experiments for the creep of crushing coal, the influence of the creep on gas emission characteristics was analyzed in combination with the changes in axial strain, porosity, fractal dimension, and gas diffusion ratio. The research results show that (1) the influence of the creep deformation of coal cores on gas emission is mainly reflected in the accelerated creep stage, rather than the decelerated creep and stable creep stages. The deviatoric stress affects the gas diffusion ratio at a certain creep time by changing the internal predamage magnitude of coal. Accelerated creep’s impact on gas emission diminishes as matrix pore pressure depletes during stable diffusion; (2) the influence of the creep deformation of crushing coal on gas emission is mainly reflected in the recrushing degree of the crushing coal during the decelerated creep stage, which in turn affects the magnitude of the gas diffusion ratio at a certain creep time. The recrushing effect of the coal particles inside the crushing coal intensifies when the deviatoric stress increases, resulting in a longer time required for the crushing coal to reach deformation equilibrium. Although the porosity decreases significantly under high deviatoric stress, the gas emission rate still shows a gradually increasing trend. Therefore, the crushing effect of the coal particle is the main controlling factor affecting the gas diffusion ratio in combination with void compaction during the creep deformation of crushing coal.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11067–11083 11067–11083"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production by a Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework Thin Film on p-Type Silicon","authors":"Nina F. Suremann,&nbsp;Francesca Greenwell,&nbsp;Anna M. Beiler and Sascha Ott*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0162810.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01628https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01628","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ongoing demand to power our society dictates the need for fossil-free fuels. Herein, the metal–organic framework (MOF) catalyst Al₂(OH)₂CoTCPP was grown as a thin film on a p-type silicon semiconductor (SC) for photoelectrochemical (PEC) fuel production. The MOF@Si composite catalyzes hydrogen production under illumination at an applied potential that is 320 mV more positive than that of the same MOF on a dark conducting substrate. An interesting feature of the study relates to the product speciation, as metalloporphyrins are known to catalyze both H₂ evolution as well as CO₂ reduction. In aqueous bicarbonate electrolyte and in the presence of CO₂, hydrogen is detected as the sole product after chronoamperometry (CA). In fact, the MOF@Si composite catalyzed H₂ evolution with a faradaic efficiency of close to 100%. The role of the MOF as a catalyst could be established by comparing the current response of the MOF@Si photoelectrode with that of bare silicon, with the former showing more than 30-fold higher currents. Comprehensive characterization of the Al₂(OH)₂CoTCPP@Si composites by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy before and after PEC experiments confirms the stability of the MOF under the experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11346–11352 11346–11352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01628","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential CO2 Geological Storage in Deep Tight Sandstone Saline Aquifers of Ordos Basin in China","authors":"Gang Zhao,&nbsp;Xuan Tang*,&nbsp;Zijian Wang,&nbsp;Tieya Jing,&nbsp;Wentao Zhao,&nbsp;Juan Zhou,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Tianyi Niu and Ziheng Guan,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0157810.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01578https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01578","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Deep saline aquifers have significant potential for CO₂ geological storage. The Longdong region, a major coal-fired power base on the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, faces an urgent need for CO₂ geological storage. This study investigates the Permian (P) and Triassic (T) strata to assess the suitability and potentiality of deep, tight saline sandstone aquifers for CO₂ storage in the study region. A multilevel suitability evaluation index system consisting of 3 primary categories, 9 subcategories, and 29 parameters was established to screen favorable reservoir intervals in deep tight sandstone saline aquifers. Furthermore, the evaluation methodology for the favorable interval selection based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method (FCE) was proposed. Seven potential reservoir-caprock assemblages (units T1–T7) were identified within the Zhifang, Heshanggou, Liujiagou, and Shiqianfeng formations. The evaluation results classify two assemblages as Class I favorable reservoir intervals, two as Class II relatively favorable, and three as Class III moderately favorable. Units T4 and T5 were identified as the Class I storage targets due to their high porosity and permeability, substantial thickness, moderate burial depth, and well-developed caprock continuity. Using the mechanism-based method of CO₂ geological storage, we calculated the CO₂ storage capacity of different units was calculated. The total theoretical CO₂ storage capacity in the study region is estimated to reach as high as approximately 78 833.86 Mt with an effective storage capacity of 1892.01 Mt. Class I reservoir intervals account for 34 761.66 Mt theoretical and 834.28 Mt effective capacity, representing 44.10% of the total storage capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11292–11307 11292–11307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrate-Based CH4 Storage at Moderate Temperatures: Can Metal Packings Enhance Hydrate Kinetics under Saline Conditions?","authors":"Randeep Ravesh,&nbsp;A. A. Ansari,&nbsp;P. K. Panigrahi* and M. K. Das,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0146410.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01464https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01464","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The present study focuses on hydrate-based CH₄ storage and transportation at moderate temperatures using thermodynamic promoters such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). This work successfully demonstrates that hydrate-based storage at a moderate temperature (288.15 K) can be successfully achieved in a scaled-up 25 L reactor using metal packing-based porous media under mild saline conditions. Kinetic promoters such as amino acids and surfactants can enhance mixed CH₄–THF hydrate growth. However, chemical additives increase the operating cost of the reactor during scale-up due to reusability issues and expensive manufacturing processes. The present study utilizes the inherent characteristics of the THF–water system and capillary action during hydrate growth for scale-up by using highly porous metal packings (porosity of 0.98). The commonly available water sources for use in the hydrate formation process are generally saline. Therefore, experiments were conducted at 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 3.5 wt % NaCl concentrations to investigate whether metal packings can be effective in saline solutions. The experiments are conducted by using a temperature-controlled 25 L reactor with gas injected at an initial pressure of 75 bar. The metal packings increase the water-to-hydrate conversion and hydrate formation rate at low salinity (≤1 wt % NaCl). However, the packings reduce the hydrate kinetics at 3.5 wt % NaCl, even compared to a nonpacked-bed arrangement. There is lower hydrate growth along the reactor walls for 3.5 wt % NaCl concentration compared to 0.01 wt % concentration. Extreme saline conditions inhibit capillary action. The study has also successfully demonstrated hydrate kinetics using chemical affinity modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 23","pages":"11398–11412 11398–11412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}