Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Recent Advances in Flow Through Porous Media for Energy Exploitation","authors":"Jianchao Cai*,  and , Steffen Berg*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0215110.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02151https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9181–9184 9181–9184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minireview and Outlook of Carbazole and Phenothiazine-Modified Triphenylamines as Hole Transporting Materials for Enhancing Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Rachel Chetri,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Ahipa T.N*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0007610.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00076https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cell technology has experienced remarkable efficiency growth, rising from 3.8% to over 27.0%. This swift progress can be attributed to the straightforward solution process, ease of large-scale manufacturing, and low production costs of perovskite-based thin-film solar cells, which have attracted considerable research interest. Additionally, the various layers present in perovskite solar cells, such as photo absorbers, electron transport layers, and hole transport layers, play a crucial role in enhancing both efficiency and stability. This Review focuses on the current designs, electrochemical properties, thermal performance, power conversion efficiency, stability, and density functional theory of newly developed hole transport materials, specifically carbazole- and phenothiazine-bearing triphenylamines, for use in perovskite solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9232–9261 9232–9261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Brine Composition in Wormhole Formation and Carbonate Reactivity: Insights into the Role of Magnesium in Accelerated Dissolution and Dolomitization Potential","authors":"Ahmed Al-Yaseri*,&nbsp;Shanker Krishna,&nbsp;Hani Al-Mukainah,&nbsp;Ridha Al-Abdrabalnabi and Ardiansyah Koeshidayatullah,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0032710.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00327https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00327","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Deep saline aquifers are considered highly promising candidates for carbon sequestration due to their widespread availability and significant storage potential. However, the injection of CO₂ into these geological formations can significantly alter the physical and chemical properties of the reservoir rocks. These changes, driven by interactions between CO₂, brine, and the rock matrix, can influence critical factors such as porosity, permeability, and mineral stability. As such, a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of CO₂ injection on rock properties is essential to ensure the long-term stability, safety, and effectiveness of carbon sequestration efforts. This study explores the effects of CO₂-saturated brine injection on limestone, focusing on the role of brine composition in wormhole formation. Six limestone samples, each measuring 1.5 in. in diameter and 3 in. in length, were used, with an average porosity of 18% and permeability of 99 mD. Core flooding experiments were conducted under reservoir-relevant conditions, including a 1 cm³/min injection rate, 60 °C temperature, and 0.6 M brine salinity. Results demonstrate that the enhanced reactivity of MgCl₂ brine, driven by ion exchange effects, promotes extensive calcite dissolution. MgCl₂ consistently exhibited the highest wormhole volume-to-bulk volume ratio, enabling rapid development of interconnected wormhole networks. Additionally, HCl-modified MgCl₂ solutions showed increased total inorganic carbon content compared to HCl-modified CaCl₂ solutions, further highlighting magnesium’s superior reactivity with calcite formations. These findings underscore the critical influence of brine composition on carbonate reactivity and permeability, providing insights for optimizing reservoir selection and brine management strategies in CO₂ sequestration projects. Furthermore, these observations may provide insights into the long-standing “dolomite problem”, whereby magnesium-rich brines have the ability to react faster with limestone and release extensive Ca²⁺ ions into the porewaters, promoting and accelerating dolomitization processes potentially even at ambient temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9507–9515 9507–9515"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Insights into Gas Sorption Mechanisms in Multiscale Coal Nanopores via Molecular Simulation","authors":"Baisheng Nie,&nbsp;Xiyang Zhu,&nbsp;Peng Liu*,&nbsp;Dan Zhao,&nbsp;Xianfeng Liu,&nbsp;Bozhi Deng,&nbsp;Jiayun Lun,&nbsp;Mengxia Wang and Feng Qin,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0128610.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01286https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01286","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The sorption and diffusion dynamics of gases in nanoscale coal pores are crucial for understanding and optimizing coalbed methane recovery. This study developed four nanoscale molecular models with pore sizes of 1, 2, 5, and 10 nm, based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR) analyses of target coal samples. The research systematically explored how temperature, pressure, and moisture content affect the transport of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ in multiscale nanopores. Findings reveal that the overlapping sorption potential fields significantly enhance gas sorption on nanopore surfaces, accounting for the predominant storage of gases in these pores, and this effect weakens as pore size increases. Within the temperature range of 273.15 to 313.15 K, variations in pore size exert a more pronounced influence on gas sorption capacity than temperature itself. Furthermore, the presence of water in coal nanopores leads to capillary condensation, which obstructs pore channels and reduces gas sorption rates. This inhibitory effect is particularly significant in micropores smaller than 2 nm, while it has a minimal impact on mesopores. The study highlights that modifying nanoscale pore structures and effectively removing water from micropores could substantially enhance coalbed methane production efficiency, providing valuable insights for optimizing gas recovery strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9373–9387 9373–9387"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 to Multicarbon Products: A Review on Catalysts and System Optimization toward Industrialization","authors":"Haodong Zheng,&nbsp;Kaile Shi,&nbsp;Hongliang Dong,&nbsp;Yunjia Yang,&nbsp;Pengfei Yin,&nbsp;Boxiong Shen* and Jingjing Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0089310.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00893https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00893","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂RR) offers a viable pathway for achieving a sustainable carbon cycle, enabling the storage of renewable energy in the form of fuels or chemicals. On the path to commercializing this technology, achieving high current density, high selectivity, and long-term operational stability are core requirements, which remain challenges to overcome. This Review summarizes the state-of-the-art efficient CO₂RR catalysts for multicarbon products, including modified copper catalysts, copper-based tandem catalysts, hybrid carbon–copper materials, and copper-based alloy catalysts. It critically reviews advanced regulation strategies such as oxidation state and structure regulation, surface modification, and multiphase composites. Furthermore, the architecture optimization of gas diffusion electrodes is summarized to achieve an efficient three-phase interface, focusing on increasing catalytic active sites, improving hydrophobicity, and regulating the flow direction and concentration of intermediates. In addition to catalyst and electrode optimization, this Review also discusses the latest developments in reactor, mainly focus on the improvements for flow reactors and membrane electrode assemblies, aiming to enable better mass and charge transport and concentration control, thereby enhancing the overall reaction efficiency. The underlying mechanisms linking design strategies to CO₂RR performance are highlighted, providing direction for the future design of advanced CO₂RR systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9316–9344 9316–9344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Layout Optimization of the Dual-Horizontal Depressurization Wells for Gas Hydrate Exploitation Considering the Interwell Interferences","authors":"Xiao-Yan Li*,&nbsp;Huan-Wei Wei,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Xiao-Sen Li,&nbsp;Shi-Dong Zhou*,&nbsp;Xiao-Fang Lv,&nbsp;Yang Liu and Yong-Chao Rao,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0112810.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01128https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c01128","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Gas hydrate is viewed as a potential energy, and the multihorizontal depressurization wells are expected to achieve its commercial production. However, how to optimize the multihorizontal wells layout in hydrate reservoirs is controversial. In this research, the numerical study on the hydrate exploitation from the Shenhu Area of the South China Sea by the dual-horizontal depressurization wells (DHDW) was conducted, and the optimal spatial position of DHDW was first studied. It is realized that the optimal spatial position of DHDW for gas hydrate production should be in the center of the hydrate layer. Based on this conclusion, the influences of the well spacing between DHDW (ranging from 22 to 582 m) on hydrate exploitation were then investigated. It is found that there was a strong interference between DHDW when the well spacing was smaller, leading to the lower total produced gas volume. When the well spacing increased to a certain value, the interference disappeared, and the total produced gas volume reached the maximum. On this basis, a new method to calculate the optimal well spacing (<i>d</i>_o) between DHDW was proposed. According to the calculation, when the exploitation period was 10 years, the <i>d</i>_o between the DHDW values was 73.06 m. Finally, the influences of the permeability (<i>k</i>) in the hydrate layer (2.9–145 mD) and the exploitation period (<i>t</i>) of gas hydrate (5–30 years) on the <i>d</i>_o were further studied. The function relations of <i>d</i>_o and <i>k</i>, and <i>d</i>_o and <i>t</i> were obtained, respectively. Furthermore, the implications for the optimal layout of multihorizontal depressurization wells in hydrate reservoirs were discussed. This study could provide guidance for the efficient exploitation of gas hydrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9435–9450 9435–9450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Adjustable CeO2 Morphology on the Performance of Ambient Hole Transport Layer-Free Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Shubhranshu Bhandari*,&nbsp;Sreeram Valsalakumar*,&nbsp;Mir Sahidul Ali,&nbsp;Tapas K. Mallick,&nbsp;Justin Hinshelwood and Senthilarasu Sundaram,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0051810.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00518https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00518","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The combined effect of TiO₂ and CeO₂ as the electron transport layer (ETL) in the hole transport layer (HTL)-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) to enhance performance characteristics is a less explored research area. In this context, we investigated the effect of morphology-tuned CeO₂ in combination with TiO₂ in the C-PSCs. Considering the light scattering effect in C-PSCs and the property of extending the light-traveling distance across the photoelectrode, we synthesized rod and cubic CeO₂ nanostructures. The synthesized nanoparticles were used over the TiO₂ layer, and their photovoltaic performance was compared to that of the TiO₂-only C-PSC and analyzed by using impedance and quantum efficiency studies. The light-scattering effect on the C-PSCs, investigated with the diffused reflectance study, found that the rod structure of CeO₂ provides better light travel toward the photosensitizer, and the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of nearly 12.5% was recorded for the rod-shaped CeO₂ in the HTL-free C-PSC, which is 24% higher compared to a pristine TiO₂-based C-PSC. Moreover, the devices with rod-shaped CeO₂ demonstrated suitable charge transport properties along the perovskite layer and a lower charge recombination rate when compared with the cube structure. This work demonstrates a major breakthrough in the performance enhancement of HTL-free C-PSCs by nanomaterial morphology alteration and fabrication engineering, which can significantly influence future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9566–9575 9566–9575"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Accumulation Mechanism of Biogenic Methane Reservoirs in the Quaternary Mudstone of the Qaidam Basin in China","authors":"Guohui Long,&nbsp;Zeqing Guo*,&nbsp;Jixian Tian,&nbsp;Weihong Liu and Li Tang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0073410.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00734https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00734","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Three Quaternary biogenic methane fields in the Sanhu depression of the Qaidam Basin in northwest China have yielded industrial gas flows from mudstones in recent years. These discoveries confirm the exploration potential of these mudstones, and considerable reserves likely remain to be discovered in the mudstones in the three gas fields. This paper uses core sampling, thin section identification, physical property testing, and measurements of pore diameter, displacement pressure, and diffusion coefficients to show that the mudstones in this area are neither tight rock nor shale but rather can form “conventional gas reservoirs” under appropriate conditions. A geological model of thin sand–mudstone interbedding is established to clarify the biogenic methane accumulation process, further confirming the process of reservoir formation by digital simulation. This simulation clarifies that with persistent tectonic activity, free-phase methane in the Sanhu depression likely first accumulated in the sandstone reservoir due to the buoyancy effect, encountering minimum capillary resistance. When the sandstone reservoir was saturated with natural gas, the silty dolomite, silty mudstone, and mudstone likely took on natural gas from subsequent gas migration, albeit with gas saturation lower than that of the sandstone reservoir. As it is difficult to form mudstone reservoirs in slope and sag areas, the formation of mudstone reservoirs in this area requires a structural trap. Therefore, natural gas exploration in this area may benefit from exploration concepts other than those developed for shale gas and tight gas. The next step in the exploration of mudstone gas reservoirs focuses mainly on exploiting potentials in the three gas fields, while the exploration of the conventional sandstone gas reservoirs focuses mainly on continuously searching for low-amplitude structural traps and lithologic traps in slope or sag areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9469–9486 9469–9486"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State-of-the-Art Membrane Solutions for Direct Air Carbon Capture (DACC): An Overview on the Current Status and Future Directions","authors":"Syed Awais Ali*,&nbsp;Syed Nasir Shah,&nbsp;Malik Abdul Karim,&nbsp;Syed Abdul Moiz Hashmi,&nbsp;Farooq Ahmad,&nbsp;Khairul Habib,&nbsp;Abdul Sami and Muhammad Abdullah,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0079310.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00793https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00793","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Most efforts for carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission reduction are focused on sequestering CO₂ from large point sources such as power plants and the process industries. However, a quarter of global CO₂ emissions (nearly 8 billion tons) emanate from small-point sources such as agriculture, waste management, domestic sector, and land use. These sources are distributed over vast areas and individually so small that conventional capture processes cannot filter the CO₂ out, yet they still require active decarbonization. A solution to this problem is to pull CO₂ directly from the free air. The UK Parliament’s climate change committee suggests that direct air carbon capture (DACC) could remove 1 billion tons of CO₂ globally. The same report raises concerns over the inflated costs of CO₂ removal associated with DACC (£250–400/ton of CO₂). Indeed, the highly diluted concentration of CO₂ in air (0.04%) imposes a high energy penalty and increases processing costs. The current state-of-the-art DACC involves an adsorption process that uses an amine adsorbent to remove CO₂ from the air. The literature review reveals very few investigations reported on membranes for DACC until recently. Theoretically, membrane-based CO₂ removal presents several advantages over conventional sorbent methods, including higher energy efficiency and lower operational costs. This Review summarizes recent advancements in membrane-based CO₂ capture, focusing on innovations in structure and materials for improved direct air carbon capture (m-DACC). In addition, it systematically links membrane performance metrics with economic feasibility and scalability, providing a comparative framework for assessing industrial potential. Furthermore, it explores emerging trends in m-DACC applications, identifying key process optimizations and challenges that influence large-scale deployment. By synthesizing recent breakthroughs, this Review serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and industry stakeholders seeking to advance the field of m-DACC.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9285–9315 9285–9315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Oxygen Reduction on Hemin-Derived Fe–N Codoped Hierarchically Porous Carbon for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells","authors":"Jiaqing Zhao,&nbsp;Jie Guo,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Xian Wei,&nbsp;Jiahao Lu,&nbsp;Chaojie Ren,&nbsp;Jiao Wu*,&nbsp;Yu Xin* and Ruizhi Yang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c0052210.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00522https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c00522","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although Pt-based catalysts demonstrate superior activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), their exorbitant cost and scarcity hinder large-scale commercialization. Therefore, it is crucial to develop inexpensive and high-performance ORR catalysts to replace Pt-based catalysts. Herein, Fe–N codoped hierarchically ordered porous carbon catalysts (Fe–N–HOPC) are fabricated using Hemin as a precursor and three-dimensionally ordered SiO₂ nanoparticles as a hard template. The incorporation of the hard template not only increases the specific surface area of the catalyst (124.8 m² g^–1) but also effectively prevents the formation of agglomerated Fe nanoparticles during the carbonization process. The as-fabricated Fe–N–HOPC exhibits excellent ORR catalytic activity under acidic conditions with a half-wave potential (<i>E</i>_1/2) of 0.74 V, high selectivity of nearly four-electron transfer, and appreciable stability. As a cathode catalyst in a PEMFC, a peak power density of 405.3 mW cm^–2 is delivered and a current density retention of 93.4% after 10 h of operation is achieved. This work provides a facile template-assisted method for designing and tuning of highly active Fe–N–C nonprecious metal catalysts toward practical ORR in PEMFC.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 20","pages":"9576–9584 9576–9584"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}