Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Kinetics Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations on the Effect of Montmorillonite on C2H6 Hydrate Formation","authors":"Haoqi Liao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jinchuan Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhouhua Wang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hanmin Tu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yun Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jinlong Zhu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bao Yuan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Songbai Han,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Peng Yuan,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03342","url":null,"abstract":"<p >C₂H₆ has a higher global warming potential than CO₂, and its release from natural gas hydrates would exacerbate climate change. However, the mechanism by which clay minerals affect hydrates remains unclear. This study focused on the effect of calcium montmorillonite (Ca-Mnt) on the nucleation and growth of C₂H₆ hydrate, using Ca-Mnt suspensions at different concentrations. Through kinetic experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, microscopic mechanisms of Ca-Mnt’s influence on C₂H₆ hydrate nucleation and growth were revealed. The key findings are as follows: Ca-Mnt has a dual effect on C₂H₆ hydrate nucleation in that it promotes nucleation by reducing the hydrogen bonding strength but inhibits nucleation due to the increase in interfacial tension, with the interfacial tension playing a dominant role. The kinetic experiments showed that 0.05 wt % Ca-Mnt shortened the induction time by 90.2%, whereas higher Ca-Mnt concentrations prolonged the induction time and reduced C₂H₆ hydrate yield. At lower Ca-Mnt concentrations, downward growth forms gas channels that disrupt the gas–liquid interface, whereas at higher concentrations, growth occurs above the interface. C₂H₆ hydrate is a structure-I hydrate, comprising empty 5¹² cages and 5¹²6² cages occupied by C₂H₆. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the heterogeneous nucleation of C₂H₆ hydrate occurred in regions away from the external surface of Ca-Mnt. Under high gas-to-water ratios, an uneven gas distribution led to bubble formation, which in turn slowed C₂H₆ hydrate growth. This study provides a scientific basis for designing environmentally sustainable hydrate reservoir management strategies and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19240–19250"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creep Response of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments during Gas Replacement: from Strain Deformation to Cementation Morphology Evolution","authors":"Yanghui Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yunhui Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lei Huang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qianyong Liang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Gaowei Hu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Peng Wu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04138","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Understanding the deformation behavior, evolution of pore and cementation structures, and permeability changes of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBSs) during the gas replacement-stress coupling process is crucial for ensuring efficient gas replacement and maintaining structural stability. In this study, multistage creep tests, continuous in situ CT imaging combined with digital rock techniques, and pore network modeling were employed to systematically elucidate the evolution mechanisms of pore structure and fluid flow capacity, as well as hydrate morphology and cementation strengthening. Key findings include: (1) under gradually increasing axial load, HBSs initially exhibit stable deformation. However, once a critical strain threshold is exceeded, accelerated strain leads to strength failure. (2) Significant changes occur in pore structure and hydrate morphology throughout the process. Extensive crushing of hydrate particles at the early stage reduces both porosity and hydrate volume ratio, followed by an interplay of compaction, spalling, and recementation that increases hydrate volume. (3) Under the combined effects of gas replacement and stress, the hydrate cementation structure undergoes a distinct damage-repair process, resulting in a strengthened cementation mechanism. (4) Permeability simulations reveal that permeability dramatically decreases from approximately 95–110 D to about 0.015 D, indicating that enhanced cementation and irreversible deformation severely impede fluid transport. These findings provide a robust framework for improving gas replacement efficiency in hydrate reservoirs and ensuring their mechanical stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19286–19297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Lewis Acidity and Metal Electronegativity in Ni/C@N Catalyst Enabling Hydrogen-Free Lignin Hydrogenolysis","authors":"Shitong Yu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hongchao Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jian Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Usmonov Botir,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shuang Liang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rui Xiao,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Luo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03643","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Self-hydrogen-supplied hydrogenolysis (SHSH) presents an atom-economical strategy for lignin depolymerization by utilizing intrinsic hydroxyl groups as internal hydrogen donors. However, the high activation energy associated with C_α–OH dehydrogenation typically requires noble-metal catalysts or harsh conditions, limiting the practical implementation of SHSH. Here, we report a nitrogen-doped, non-noble Ni/C@N catalyst that enables efficient SHSH under mild hydrothermal conditions (140 °C in water). Derived from the pyrolysis of urea-modified nickel metal–organic frameworks, the catalyst features electronegative Ni species and abundant Lewis acid sites, which work synergistically to lower the dehydrogenation barrier by facilitating O–H bond activation and hydrogen abstraction. This design achieves 97.2% dehydrogenation efficiency of C_αH–OH motifs and delivers a phenolic monomer yield of 35.9 wt % from native birch lignin. Kinetic analysis confirms C_αH–OH dehydrogenation as the rate-determining step, with an apparent activation energy of just 33.1 kJ mol^–1. The catalyst exhibits excellent recyclability and enables facile magnetic separation from products. These results establish a noble-metal-free, low-carbon route for lignin valorization and highlight a rational catalyst design strategy for overcoming key kinetic limitations in SHSH processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19322–19331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 Huff-n-Puff Process to Enhance Shale Oil Recovery via Large-Diameter Core Experiments","authors":"Feng Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yong Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mengda Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yong Kang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lian Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hanqing Shi*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yi Hu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02721","url":null,"abstract":"<p >CO₂ huff-n-puff (HnP) technology, known for its low reservoir sensitivity, is considered one of the most effective methods for enhancing oil recovery in tight reservoirs such as shales. In previous studies, most research has been conducted using standard small size (φ25 × 50 mm) shale cores, which are dense and oil-poor, differing from real reservoir conditions. In order to deeply investigate the CO₂ HnP characteristics, a series of large-diameter core (φ100 × 200 mm) experiments were conducted with recombined live oil under simulated reservoir conditions (69 °C, 19 MPa), and the CO₂ HnP performance was analyzed under various parameters. Meanwhile, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze the characteristics of oil and gas production and the short-term CO₂ sequestration potential was also assessed. The results showed that increasing injection pressure from 17 to 24 MPa enhanced oil recovery from 2.81% to 5.72%, with diminishing returns. The gas/oil ratio (GOR) remained relatively stable, while the oil recovery efficiency peaked and then declined with higher CO₂ injection volumes. The produced oil tended to become lighter. Lower production pressures and longer soaking times improved recovery and CO₂ storage efficiency but gains diminished over time. After six cycles, total recovery reached 25.40%, but per-cycle recovery decreased, GOR and gas production increased, and the CO₂ injection volume rose, reducing the overall efficiency. Under the experimental conditions, the optimal CO₂ HnP and short-term CO₂ storage efficiency were achieved with an injection pressure of 22 MPa, a production pressure of 12 MPa, a soaking time of 16 h, and 3 cycles of HnP. This study provides further support for developing accurate and efficient shale oil development strategies for the target reservoir.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19198–19209"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiMoO4/Ni Heterostructure Supported on B-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as a Robust Electrocatalyst for Efficient Alkaline Water/Seawater Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Wenting Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuzheng Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ruobing Li,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Sijia Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02928","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising green technology for hydrogen production, but its industrial application faces two major challenges: slow kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and insufficient catalyst durability. These limitations are particularly evident in corrosive seawater environments, where accelerated catalyst deactivation severely hampers practical applications. In this paper, a B-doped carbon nanotube-supported NiMoO₄/Ni heterostructure catalyst (NiMoO₄/Ni/B-CNTs) is synthesized via a hydrothermal-calcination method. The NiMoO₄/Ni/B-CNTs catalyst exhibits outstanding HER activity, showing overpotentials of 42 mV (1 M KOH) and 48 mV (alkaline seawater) at 10 mA cm^–2, respectively, comparable to that of noble metal Pt/C, indicating notable superiority in the HER field. Remarkably, the NiMoO₄/Ni/B-CNTs remain stable after 10,000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and 200 h of continuous operation in alkaline freshwater and alkaline seawater environments, with 95% current density retention, demonstrating their potential for hydrogen production on an industrial scale. The superior HER performance of NiMoO₄/Ni/B-CNTs is attributed to the interfacial effect between NiMoO₄ and Ni, and the synergistic effect between the B-CNTs supports and NiMoO₄/Ni, which collectively facilitates the HER process. This study opens a potential path for the development of nonprecious metal efficient HER electrocatalysts for alkaline freshwater/seawater electrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19388–19399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Janus Nanoparticles from Waste Plastic for Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Foam Stabilization","authors":"Sehoon Chang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Nermeen Saadoun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Woud Alsadoun,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Wei Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02543","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The research presents a novel sustainable method for producing Janus carbon nanofluids from waste plastics, which shows great promise as highly effective agents for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO₂ foam stabilization. A cost-effective scalable synthesis process, combining pyrolysis, chemical functionalization, and pulverization, has been developed to generate Janus carbon nanoparticles (JC-NPs) from waste plastics on an industrial scale. These JC-NPs, when formulated as nanofluids in a brine suspension, can be applied at rock-fluid or water/oil interfaces. The JC-NPs notably alter the wettability of the rock surface, and interfacial tension (IFT) measurements indicate their ability to reduce the IFT between brine and crude oil under simulated reservoir conditions. EOR performance tests using a “reservoir-on-a-chip” microfluidic system demonstrated that Janus nanofluids, even at ultralow concentrations (0.001 wt %) in combination with a EOR surfactant, can significantly enhance oil displacement in simulated carbonate reservoirs. Additionally, the JC-NPs exhibited potential for maintaining CO₂ foam stability, which is highly beneficial for CO₂ injectivity in both CO₂ EOR and CO₂ geological sequestration. This innovative approach of converting waste plastics into valuable nanomaterials has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint and promote a more resource-efficient chemical industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19380–19387"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Flooding in Fractured Reservoirs: Insights from Microfluidic and Simulation Studies","authors":"Shuyue Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kairui Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jinlong Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jiang Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qi Gao,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xingguang Xu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02945","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polymer flooding is one of the most commonly used techniques for enhancing oil recovery (EOR). However, current research remains insufficient in fully elucidating the microscopic displacement mechanisms of polymer flooding in fractured heterogeneous reservoirs. The present study established an integrated experimental–numerical framework combining microfluidic experiments with numerical simulations to systematically investigate the polymer flow in complex pore–fracture networks. In the numerical simulations, shear-thinning behavior was incorporated to characterize the non-Newtonian properties of the polymer solution. Rheological data obtained from experiments were fitted to a power-law model and incorporated into the simulation, yielding exceptional agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Comparative analysis of the global velocity streamline fields revealed that polymer flooding effectively mitigated the “bundled” aggregation of streamlines observed during the water flooding, resulting in more uniform velocity distribution. Furthermore, four idealized pore structure models (H-type, corner-type blind-end, and Y-type bifurcation channel) were constructed and analyzed in conjunction with the residual oil distribution from microfluidic experiments. The results indicated that polymer flooding significantly promoted the pressure gradient between the inlet and outlet compared to water flooding, and the simulated pressure fields clearly illustrated the process by which polymer solution mobilized the residual oil through overcoming the capillary resistance. Additionally, to identify the governing factors of polymer flooding in fractured heterogeneous reservoirs, four-factor three-level orthogonal experimental design was employed to conduct sensitivity analysis. The simulation results showed that the degree of influence on oil recovery was as follows: oil viscosity &gt; injection rate &gt; wettability &gt; interfacial tension, which might provide enlightening insights for the design and employment of industrial polymer flooding. In all, this study not only deepens the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms of polymer flooding but also may offer theoretical guidance for optimizing the operational parameters of polymer flooding in fractured heterogeneous reservoirs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19130–19143"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cardanol Branched Block Polyethers as Demulsifiers for Heavy Oil Emulsion","authors":"Zhengfu Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hao Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chengyu Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ziqiang Wan,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yebang Tan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c03864","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy oil demulsification usually has the problem of a large dosage of the demulsifier and a long time to break the emulsion. To resolve the hard demulsification of heavy oil BH-A with an ultrahigh viscosity of 1,463,000 mPa·s at room temperature, cardanol linear block polyethers (CLBP) were synthesized utilizing the natural phenol cardanol as the initiator and propylene oxide (PO) and ethylene oxide (EO) as raw materials in a stainless autoclave at a temperature of 115 °C and a pressure of 0.2–0.4 MPa. To further improve the demulsification performance, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (PAPI) was employed to modify CLBP to give a cardanol branched block polyether (CBBP) demulsifier. Their aggregation behavior was investigated by the cloud point, hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) value, surface activity, and interfacial activity. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature, concentration, and PAPI dosage on the demulsification were explored by a bottle test. To research the demulsification mechanism, rheological methods, water droplet size, and stability analyses were performed. Heavy oil emulsion BH-A was employed to evaluate the demulsification performance. At 80 °C within 1 h, the maximum dehydration ratio of CBBP4 with a concentration of 250 mg·L^–1 reached 98.64%. It can be concluded that the CBBP with a branched structure is effective in breaking the heavy oil emulsions at low concentration within a short time. This is due to the long-chain alkyl and benzene ring structures of CBBP4 molecules, which can interact with the natural surfactant components in heavy oil emulsions, destroy the original stable oil–water interface, and then achieve the separation of the oil and water phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19171–19183"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Low-Field NMR for CO2 Geo-Sequestration: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives","authors":"Yanbin Yao*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Sun,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c04433","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) has emerged as a robust, nondestructive diagnostic tool for advancing CO₂ geo-sequestration in hydrocarbon reservoirs. This review synthesizes recent progress in its application to characterizing key reservoir and caprock properties, including pore structure heterogeneity, pore size distributions, and wettability dynamics. LF-NMR enables quantitative evaluation of petrophysical parameters essential for storage integrity, injectivity, and long-term containment. Customized systems further allow real-time monitoring of multiphase fluid interactions during CO₂ injection, with applications ranging from tracking CH₄–CO₂ competitive displacement to elucidating pore-scale oil mobilization during miscible and immiscible flooding. These insights highlight how CO₂ exposure alters fluid accessibility and interfacial interactions, directly influencing trapping efficiency and hydrocarbon recovery. Nonetheless, LF-NMR faces limitations, particularly in resolving nanopore systems and the absence of standardized testing protocols. Future directions include integrating artificial intelligence to interpret complex multidimensional data and developing universal experimental frameworks. Addressing these challenges will help translate LF-NMR from laboratory research to field-scale deployment, enhancing predictive capabilities for climate-safe carbon management.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19111–19129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Ranking of 30 Clathrate Hydrate Crystal Growth Inhibitors Using the Unidirectional Growth Method","authors":"Michihiro Muraoka*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Malcolm A. Kelland,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Yamamoto,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Kiyofumi Suzuki,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02766","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Numerous research groups have reported on their performance since the first-generation Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) were discovered over 30 years ago. However, experimental setup and performance metrics variations have made direct comparisons challenging. As a result, researchers should exercise caution when comparing and interpreting KHI performance data across different studies. Our group proposed a simple and consistent method for evaluating hydrate crystal growth inhibitor (HCGI) performance to address this. This approach uses a unidirectional crystal growth apparatus with a stoichiometric tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water solution containing various HCGIs. In this study, we evaluated 30 different HCGIs using this method and established a performance ranking to serve as a unified index. All tests were conducted at a fixed HCGI concentration of 0.5 wt % and crystal growth velocities (<i>V</i>) of 1, 5, and 10 μm s^–1. Among the compounds tested, 1,6-bis-tributylaminohexane bis-oxide (1,6-TriBAHO) demonstrated the highest inhibitory performance across all velocities, better than any polymer tested. This high performance may come from the fact that the 1,6 spacing between its amine oxide groups closely matches the center-to-center distance between adjacent open L cages in structure II hydrate. Interestingly, 1,6-TriBAHO is an excellent THF hydrate crystal growth inhibitor but is less effective for gas hydrate. A strategy to apply this powerful effect to gas hydrates was discussed. Other top-performing HCGIs included a series of poly(vinylcaprolactam) (PVCap) compounds. These results were interpreted in the light of a promising hypothesis on the HCGI inhibition mechanism, supported by previous molecular dynamics (MD) studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35,"journal":{"name":"Energy & Fuels","volume":"39 40","pages":"19184–19197"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5c02766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145242084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}