ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

Electrochemical Biosensors for Sepsis Detection in Liver Cirrhosis: Advances and Insights. 电化学生物传感器检测肝硬化脓毒症：进展和见解。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00545

Manleen Kaur, Neetu Singh

{"title":"Electrochemical Biosensors for Sepsis Detection in Liver Cirrhosis: Advances and Insights.","authors":"Manleen Kaur, Neetu Singh","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00545","url":null,"abstract":"Liver cirrhosis, a progressive disease caused by chronic liver conditions, significantly increases the risk of sepsis due to immune dysfunction. The overlapping symptoms of cirrhosis and sepsis make early diagnosis particularly challenging, emphasizing the need for reliable biomarker diagnostic tools. Conventional methods are slow and result in delayed treatment, deteriorating liver function in cirrhotic patients over time. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising solutions, offering rapid and precise detection of both host- and pathogen-related proteins. These platforms overcome many limitations of traditional diagnostic methods, providing enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the ability of the electrochemical platform to simultaneously detect multiple biomarkers has improved the sensor's reliability for comprehensive point-of-care diagnostics in clinical settings. Despite challenges, such as standardizing diagnostic thresholds and addressing operational barriers, electrochemical sensors have the potential to transform the detection and management of sepsis in liver cirrhosis. This perspective highlights the potential of the electrochemical platforms established over time to improve diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies in managing liver-related bacterial sepsis.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of i-Motif DNA-Modified Liposomes: Membrane Modulation and Drug Release Control. i-Motif dna修饰脂质体的设计：膜调节和药物释放控制。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00625

Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nozomi Morishita Watanabe, Yukihiro Okamoto, Hiroshi Umakoshi

{"title":"Design of i-Motif DNA-Modified Liposomes: Membrane Modulation and Drug Release Control.","authors":"Kazuhiro Watanabe, Nozomi Morishita Watanabe, Yukihiro Okamoto, Hiroshi Umakoshi","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00625","url":null,"abstract":"In the controlled drug release of liposomal drug delivery systems, it is important to design functionalized liposomes based on their membrane properties in response to the external stimuli. In this study, we attempt to develop liposomal-spherical nucleic acid (LSNA), which is modified with nucleic acids on the liposomes, that would cause a pH-responsive change in the platform membrane that is effective for drug delivery. pH-responsive function was induced by modifying DNA that forms i-motifs to the lipid membrane surface of liposomes. In particular, the formation of i-motifs is expected to cause perturbation on the lipid membrane and release drugs encapsulated into liposomes. The performance of drug release can be controlled by the adjustment of the i-motif formation and membrane properties. Two types of i-motifs were selected for LSNAs to investigate whether i-motif formation of intra- and intermolecular interactions causes differences in lipid membrane perturbation and its drug release performance. Based on a series of fluorescence spectroscopy, the appropriate amount of DNA modification was determined from membrane characterization. DNA-modified liposomes showed a change in membrane fluidity depending on pH, and particularly, the fluidity of the membrane decreased under the condition of intermolecular i-motif formation. From the release pattern of liposomal-encapsulated doxorubicin, a significant increase of drug release was observed under conditions where intermolecular i-motifs were formed. Precision design based on a series of membrane characterizations has enabled optimization of LSNAs with dynamic changes for demonstrating high drug release efficacy.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144582579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital Light Processing of Methacrylated Silk Fibroin Microneedles: Precision Engineering for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery and Skin Regeneration. 甲基丙烯酸丝素微针的数字光处理：增强透皮传递和皮肤再生的精密工程。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00621

Fangzheng Tong, Xuyang Zhang, Xuanwen Wang, Siying Liu, Xiaoliang Cui, Yajie Zhou, Gang Li, Jun Zhang

{"title":"Digital Light Processing of Methacrylated Silk Fibroin Microneedles: Precision Engineering for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery and Skin Regeneration.","authors":"Fangzheng Tong, Xuyang Zhang, Xuanwen Wang, Siying Liu, Xiaoliang Cui, Yajie Zhou, Gang Li, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00621","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the promising potential of digital light processing (DLP)─fabricated silk fibroin (SF) microneedles (MNs) in transdermal applications, their clinical translation faces two major challenges: insufficient manufacturing precision to achieve architectural resolution and inadequate mechanical strength to penetrate the epidermis effectively. To overcome these critical barriers, we developed a methacrylated silk fibroin (Sil-MA) bioink that combines high biocompatibility with enhanced printability. By systematically optimizing material formulation, printing parameters and MN geometry, we successfully fabricated DLP-printed Sil-MA MNs with precise architecture control and superior mechanical performance. These MNs demonstrated no cytotoxicity and enabled efficient transdermal delivery of three distinct dermatological therapeutics. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assessments indicated that the DLP-printed Sil-MA MNs also acted as mechanical stimulators, significantly promoting epidermal keratinocyte proliferation. This engineered platform offers a versatile strategy for developing multifunctional MN systems for therapeutic delivery and tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NIR-Responsive Carbon Dots Functionalized with AS1411 Aptamer: A Dual-Mode Approach to Enhanced Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy. AS1411适体功能化nir响应碳点：一种增强光热和光动力治疗的双模式方法。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00775

Kanchan Negi, Sushmita Patra, Ashok Kumar, Sujit Kumar Bhutia, Sumanta Kumar Sahu

{"title":"NIR-Responsive Carbon Dots Functionalized with AS1411 Aptamer: A Dual-Mode Approach to Enhanced Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Kanchan Negi, Sushmita Patra, Ashok Kumar, Sujit Kumar Bhutia, Sumanta Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00775","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in light-based treatments, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), present promising alternatives to conventional cancer treatments. Moreover, combination therapy employing multiple therapeutic approaches has become a cornerstone of modern oncology, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy and overcome resistance mechanisms. This study presents an approach to enhance the effectiveness of PDT and PTT in cancer treatment by synthesizing carbon dots from the organic dye IR-820 and citric acid. The IR820-based carbon dots (IRCDs) were synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal process, inheriting the near-infrared fluorescence properties of IR-820. To facilitate targeted delivery to cancer cells, AS1411 aptamers were conjugated to the surface of IRCDs via EDC/NHS chemistry, forming IRCDs@AS1411. This transformation of IR-820 into carbon dots not only preserved its NIR fluorescence and therapeutic functionalities but also significantly enhanced the chemical stability, photostability, and resistance to photobleaching of the resulting nanomaterials. Notably, IRCDs@AS1411 exhibited a photothermal conversion efficiency approximately 35% higher than that of free IR-820. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IRCDs@AS1411 served as effective agents for bioimaging, PDT, and PTT, overcoming the limitations of traditional organic dyes and efficiently eradicating tumor cells under 808 nm laser irradiation. These findings suggest that IRCDs@AS1411 hold significant promise for advanced cancer therapy and provide a versatile platform for developing other functional nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

pH-Responsive Peptide-Polymer Hydrogel for Biofilm Disruption. ph响应肽-聚合物水凝胶用于生物膜破坏。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-06 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00897

Haritha Asokan-Sheeja, Debdatta Das, Jenny N Nguyen, Jiazhu Xu, Md Tareque Hassan Mukut, Tung H Chau, Joseph A Buonomo, Yi Hong, He Dong

{"title":"pH-Responsive Peptide-Polymer Hydrogel for Biofilm Disruption.","authors":"Haritha Asokan-Sheeja, Debdatta Das, Jenny N Nguyen, Jiazhu Xu, Md Tareque Hassan Mukut, Tung H Chau, Joseph A Buonomo, Yi Hong, He Dong","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00897","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilm formation presents a significant challenge in chronic infections as it enables bacteria to resist conventional antibiotics and thrive in various areas of the body. The treatment is further hurdled by the acidic environment of biofilms due to anaerobic glycolysis of bacteria and the accumulation of acidic byproducts. Therefore, there is a need for the development of antimicrobial materials that can selectively and preferentially eradicate biofilms in the acidic environment. Toward this aim, this study explores the use of acid-responsive double-network peptide-polymer hydrogels encapsulated with antimicrobial peptides to effectively target and disrupt biofilms. The hydrogel consists of two essential components: a self-assembling peptide nanofiber containing a non-natural ionic amino acid, which imparts pH responsiveness in the weakly acidic range, and a 4-arm PEG polymer that forms covalent bonds with the peptide nanofiber, enhancing the hydrogel's mechanical strength. Upon acidification, peptide nanofibers disassemble, causing an increased pore size of the hydrogel and release of encapsulated antimicrobials to the biofilm site. We expect that, by leveraging the unique properties of the double network self-assembled peptide-PEG hydrogels and the pH-triggered release mechanism, this innovative hydrogel approach may offer a more targeted, effective, and safer treatment option against biofilm-associated infections.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Tailored Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Biomedical Applications. 定制碳量子点的合成及其生物医学应用研究进展。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00491

Deepshikha Karki, Yub Narayan Thapa, Bimal Rajchal, Rameshwar Adhikari

{"title":"Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Tailored Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Deepshikha Karki, Yub Narayan Thapa, Bimal Rajchal, Rameshwar Adhikari","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00491","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are zero-dimensional nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 10 nm and are distinguished by their excellent luminescence, high photostability, and good biocompatibility. The wide range of their applications includes bioimaging and biosensing, drug delivery, energy storage, environmental remediation, and catalysis. The CQDs can be synthesized through two main approaches: the top-down method, which includes techniques such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical processes, and acid-reflux, and the bottom-up method, which encompasses microwave, hydrothermal, and pyrolysis techniques. This review provides a brief discussion of the optical properties, electrochemiluminescence, biocompatibility, and toxicity profile of CQDs, their source-based synthesis approaches, and various structural and functional ways of modifying CQDs to alter their optical properties, stability, water solubility, and biocompatibility. Bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery applications of CQDs have also been elaborated with relevant research studies. The current challenges and opportunities in tailoring CQD synthesis and providing insights into potential areas of improvement and innovation are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supramolecular Gelators Derived from Fmoc-Amino Acid Conjugates of Mafenide for Treating Melanoma: Toward Developing Vehicle-Free Drug Delivery. 由fmoc -氨基酸偶联物衍生的用于治疗黑色素瘤的超分子凝胶：开发无载体给药。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00614

Nabanita Roy, Subhajit Ghosh, Parthasarathi Dastidar

{"title":"Supramolecular Gelators Derived from Fmoc-Amino Acid Conjugates of Mafenide for Treating Melanoma: Toward Developing Vehicle-Free Drug Delivery.","authors":"Nabanita Roy, Subhajit Ghosh, Parthasarathi Dastidar","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00614","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the development of supramolecular topical gels derived from Fmoc-amino acid conjugates of mafenide, a sulfonamide-containing drug, for plausible vehicle-free drug delivery (VFDD) against melanoma. Four conjugates─FmocV-M, FmocL-M, FmocI-M, and FmocF-M─were synthesized to balance hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, promoting gelation via directional hydrogen bonding. These conjugates formed gels in DMSO/water and organic solvents such as methyl salicylate. Biological evaluations using MTT and scratch assays on B16-F10 melanoma cells identified FmocL-M as the most effective, with an IC50 of 25 μg/mL, reducing cell migration speed to 2.8 μm/h (9-fold slower than control's 25.3 μm/h). FmocL-M induced apoptosis, evidenced by increased early (32.9 vs 8.5% control) and late (8.8 vs 1.4% control) apoptotic cell populations, and caused mitochondrial membrane depolarization (50% green fluorescence vs 25.7% control in flow cytometry and CLSM under various staining conditions). It also disrupted 3D B16-F10 spheroids within 10 days. Rheological studies confirmed rheoreversibility and moldability, which are ideal for topical application. Although the results indicated a plausible VFDD application using the topical gel of FmocL-M, which eliminates the need for a gel matrix, bypassing challenges like cytotoxicity and drug release, it remains to be evaluated the effect of gel itself in treating melanoma.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-Time Monitoring of Mitochondrial pH in HeLa Cells, Drosophila melanogaster, and Zebrafish Larvae Using BODIPY-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes. 利用基于bodipi的比例荧光探针实时监测HeLa细胞、黑腹果蝇和斑马鱼幼虫线粒体pH值

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00978

Ishana Kathuria, Subash Pandey, Ronald J Schwandt, Peter Agyemang, Dilka Liyana Arachchige, Sushil K Dwivedi, Henry Lanquaye, Haiying Liu, Rudy L Luck

{"title":"Real-Time Monitoring of Mitochondrial pH in HeLa Cells, Drosophila melanogaster, and Zebrafish Larvae Using BODIPY-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes.","authors":"Ishana Kathuria, Subash Pandey, Ronald J Schwandt, Peter Agyemang, Dilka Liyana Arachchige, Sushil K Dwivedi, Henry Lanquaye, Haiying Liu, Rudy L Luck","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00978","url":null,"abstract":"Three BODIPY-based fluorescent probes, AH+, BH+, and CH+, were synthesized for ratiometric pH sensing in living cells, fruit flies, and zebrafish larvae. These probes were designed to target mitochondrial environments by functionalizing the BODIPY core with various substituent groups that tune the pH sensitivity. The probes exhibited strong ratiometric fluorescence changes with pKa values (AH+, 7.3; BH+, 7.5; CH+, 7.2) suitable for mitochondrial pH detection. Theoretical calculations supported these findings by establishing the geometries and electronic transitions and also resulted in the derivation of their pKa values. Confocal imaging confirmed mitochondrial accumulation of these probes in HeLa cells, facilitating broad-range pH monitoring across a wide pH spectrum (3.5 to 9.1). These ratiometric pH sensors display good reversibility and response times under varying pH conditions. In application, the probe AH+ was employed to monitor pH fluctuations under conditions of oxidative stress and nutrient deprivation. Dual-channel cell imaging revealed a pH-dependent fluorescence shift with precise transitions, demonstrating the feasibility of real-time monitoring of the mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells. Furthermore, the probe AH+ effectively visualized pH changes in Drosophila melanogaster and zebrafish larvae, further supporting its applicability across diverse biological systems. We demonstrate that a fluorescence ratiometric intensity graph for probe AH+ can be effectively employed to determine pH values within the mitochondria of HeLa cells.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Soft Tissue Integration of Acrylic Resin by Compositing with Bioactive Glass. 生物活性玻璃复合材料改善丙烯酸树脂的软组织整合。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00655

Baokui Li, Jilin Wu, Yanmei Dong, Dong Qiu

引用次数: 0

Morin-Loaded Nanoalloy-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoplatforms for Synergetic Chemotherapy to Target Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. 莫里素负载纳米合金-还原氧化石墨烯纳米平台协同化疗靶向转移性三阴性乳腺癌。

IF 4.6

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.5c00382

Prabu Kumar Seetharaman, Bo Liu, Ananth Sivapunniyam, Karthik Raja Ramalingam, Parthasarathy Ramalingam, Sathan Raj Natarajan

{"title":"Morin-Loaded Nanoalloy-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoplatforms for Synergetic Chemotherapy to Target Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Prabu Kumar Seetharaman, Bo Liu, Ananth Sivapunniyam, Karthik Raja Ramalingam, Parthasarathy Ramalingam, Sathan Raj Natarajan","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00382","url":null,"abstract":"Morin (Mrn), a bioflavonoid, is renowned for its numerous health benefits, particularly its potent anticancer and anticarcinogenic properties. Extensive research has been conducted on this compound as a therapeutic agent, but its low solubility and poor bioavailability limit its effectiveness in clinical settings. Graphene-based nanohybrids (GBNHs) have emerged as a promising strategy for efficiently administering Mrn in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study presents a rapid and facile one-step synthesis of specially developed GBNHs. The purity of the NHs was confirmed using several characterization techniques. The loading efficiency of Mrn in the nanohybrids ranged from 85 to 95%, as quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All nanohybrids exhibited excellent hemocompatibility with hemolysis rates below 2.63% and showed minimal cytotoxicity against normal fibroblast (3T3-L1) cells at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL. Among the tested nanohybrids, Mrn@Au/Ag-rGO demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, with an IC50 of 31.97 μg/mL, which is significantly lower than that of Mrn (61.73 μg/mL), Mrn@rGO (42.01 μg/mL), Mrn@Ag-rGO (46.85 μg/mL), and Mrn@Au-rGO (54.35 μg/mL). The anticancer activity of the NHs was attributed to metabolic reprogramming, G1 phase cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell migration, modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and upregulation of apoptotic regulators such as p53, p-p53, and Bax at both gene and protein levels. These findings suggested that NHs may hold potential as a viable candidate for the treatment of TNBC.","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0