ACS Applied Bio Materials最新文献

{"title":"Engineered Probiotic Hydrogel Alleviates Vaginitis via Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Pathways.","authors":"Xuanxuan Zhang, Ruoyu Pu, Chi Zhang, Mengyi Zhan, Li Chen, Lixin Ma, Huanhuan Chen","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), primarily caused by <i>Candida albicans</i>, is a prevalent infection that presents significant clinical challenges. Current antifungal treatments have limitations, including a narrow antimicrobial spectrum and a lack of anti-inflammatory effects. To address these limitations, we genetically modified <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> to produce high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMHA) for sustained local delivery of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) and HMHA at the infection site. The engineered <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (<i>B. sub</i>@HMHA) hydrogel exhibited both antifungal and vaginal microbiome-modulating activities. Specifically, AMP effectively inhibited the growth of fungi and bacteria, while HMHA modulated local inflammatory responses, improving the vaginal microenvironment. By targeting both the infection and chronic inflammation, this probiotic hydrogel may help reduce recurrence rates and promote tissue repair, offering a promising alternative therapy for VVC.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid (Sr, Ca)CO₃ Capsules Based on Thermoresponsive Degradable Coacervation.","authors":"Syuuhei Komatsu, Yuya Mizuno, Akihiko Kikuchi","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in bone regeneration materials have focused on the development of artificial bone scaffolds incorporating bioactive ions, such as strontium ions, that promote bone formation. Incorporating drug retention and release capabilities into these materials is expected to not only improve bone regeneration efficiency but also provide additional drug-derived benefits. The aim of this study is to synthesize organic-inorganic hybrid capsules with a shell containing strontium salts that can retain and release therapeutic agents. The synthesized temperature-responsive polymer formed coacervate droplets that could encapsulate hydrophobic model drugs at temperatures above the lower critical solution concentration (LCST). After preparing Pickering emulsions by mixing calcium carbonate powder and coacervate droplets in an aqueous solution, the calcium carbonate on the surface was allowed to grow crystals under various solvent conditions to produce (Ca,Sr)CO₃ capsules. The (Ca,Sr)CO₃ capsules released Sr²⁺ ions from the shell phase and also released the encapsulated hydrophobic drug from the inner coacervate phase. In vitro studies using MC3T3-E1 cells showed that exposure to these capsules increased the expression of osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN). Combining bone regenrative activity with controlled drug loading and release capabilities, the prepared biomaterials have potential as multifunctional scaffolds for bone regeneration strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Excited States of 5-(5-Phenylthiophen-2-yl)-6-Azauridine as a Three-Pronged Agent for Skin Cancer Therapy: Photodynamic Action, Cell Imaging, and Cancer Cell Inhibition.","authors":"Sourav Kanti Seth, Chris Acquah, Liraz Levi, Steffen Jockusch, Carlos E Crespo-Hernández","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c01035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c01035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nucleoside analogs simultaneously exhibiting high fluorescence quantum yields and efficient triplet state population are rare. Such multifunctional nucleosides represent a crucial advancement for cell imaging-assisted photodynamic therapy relying on heavy-atom-free photosensitizers and hold additional promises as inhibitors of cancer cell proliferation. This study investigates the photophysical, electronic structure, excited state dynamics, and skin cancer cell photodynamic and inhibitory properties of 5-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)-6-azauridine (PTAU). PTAU absorbs up to 425 nm and demonstrates dual photophysical characteristics, with fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields of 43 ± 1% and 52 ± 2% in acetonitrile and 12 ± 1% and 33 ± 2% in aqueous buffer, respectively. Time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, complemented by quantum chemical calculations, reveal the existence of two rotameric species of PTAU in solution. Both rotamers exhibit nanosecond-scale fluorescence and intersystem crossing lifetimes, as well as microsecond-scale triplet decay lifetimes. When applied to B16F10 murine melanoma cells, PTAU localizes mostly in the cytoplasm, primarily in mitochondria, and demonstrates moderate photodynamic activity, achieving IC₅₀ values of 125 ± 5 μM and 80 ± 3 μM at photoactivation doses of 7.5 J cm^-2 and 25 J cm^-2, respectively, while exhibiting no cytotoxicity in the dark. Notably, PTAU also inhibits the cell proliferation of B16F10 murine melanoma and A431 human epidermoid carcinoma by more than 95% at a concentration of 250 μM in the dark. Therefore, this proof-of-concept study reveals PTAU as the first example of a nucleoside analog with potential multifunctional applications, including photodynamic action, bioimaging, and the inhibition of skin cancer cell proliferation. These findings pave the way for further developing next-generation modified 6-azauridine analogs absorbing visible to near-infrared light for their use as cell imaging-assisted PDT agents and cancer cell inhibitors, targeting potential deep-tissue cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuBTTri MOF-Functionalized Hyaluronic Acid-Polydopamine Composite Coating for Selective Endothelialization and Enhanced Hemocompatibility on Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces.","authors":"Aiqing Li, Jun Sun, Denghai Sheng, Shengen Gu, Mengying Zhan, Xiaoli Liu, Hong Chen","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood-contacting materials are frequently challenged by endothelial damage, thrombosis, and intimal hyperplasia, significantly limiting their long-term efficacy. To mitigate these issues, a composite coating was developed by integrating nitric oxide (NO)-releasing CuBTTri with hyaluronic acid (HA) on a polydimethylsiloxane surface. To combine the cell adhesion property of polydopamine coatings, the hydrophilic and antifouling properties of HA, and the ability of CuBTTri to catalyze NO release, a polydopamine-polyethylenimine layer was deposited to enhance surface adhesion, followed by the covalent attachment of CuBTTri-loaded hyaluronic acid, forming hyaluronic acid-polydopamine composite coatings (PHMn). Among these, the PHM2 coating (200 μg/mL CuBTTri, obtained by dispersing 1 mg CuBTTri in 5 mL HA solution) demonstrated superior performance, efficiently catalyzing NO release from endogenous donors. This process selectively inhibited smooth muscle cell (HUVSMC) adhesion and proliferation while fostering endothelial cell (HUVEC) growth, achieving a HUVEC-to-HUVSMC density ratio of approximately 1.9. Furthermore, HUVECs on PHM2 exhibited high viability (∼97%) and increased CD31 expression, reflecting favorable endothelialization. The coating also displayed remarkable hemocompatibility, as evidenced by extended plasma recalcification time and a reduced hemolysis rate. The NO-releasing capability of CuBTTri, in conjunction with the hydrophilic and antifouling characteristics of hyaluronic acid, constitutes an effective strategy for fabricating blood-contacting materials with selective endothelialization and sustained hemocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Polysaccharide-Stabilized Selenium Disulfide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Applications in Dermatology.","authors":"Shiqiong Wang, Yu Zhong, Jiayi Huang, Yidan Ma, Shanyu Li, Yufeng Zeng, Haoran Fan, Qiuxing He","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium disulfide (SeS₂) is a promising therapeutic agent for dermatological conditions, including dandruff and pruritus, but its clinical application is limited by poor solubility and stability. To address these challenges, we developed selenium disulfide nanoparticles stabilized by polysaccharides from <i>Radix saposhnikoviae</i> (SPS-SeS₂NPs) for enhanced aqueous dispersion and evaluated their antioxidant properties, antibacterial efficacy, and dermal safety. The synthesized SPS-SeS₂NPs exhibited an average hydrodynamic diameter of 115.54 ± 2.3 nm, with a true particle size of approximately 60 nm, as confirmed by electron microscopy. The nanoparticles demonstrated excellent stability, with minimal changes in particle size after 28 days of storage at 4 °C. Furthermore, SPS-SeS₂NPs displayed significant antioxidant activity and potent antibacterial effects against <i>Malassezia furfur</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, two pathogens commonly associated with skin disorders. Importantly, the nanoparticles showed no significant irritant effects on the skin, indicating their potential for safe dermatological use. This study provides a foundation for developing SPS-SeS₂NPs as a novel nanomaterial-based therapeutic strategy for treating skin infections and oxidative stress-related dermatological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternized Chitosan-Coated Nano-MOFs as Antigen Nanocarriers with Enhanced Stability and Immunogenicity.","authors":"Haiquan Gu, Jianxu Zhang, Shiyao Xu, Yujie Yang, Yang Li, Yubiao Xie, Zhuo Hao, Nan Li, Yawei Li, Wenhe Zhu, Yafeng Li, Kai Wang, Qianxue Li","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.5c00618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccines are among the greatest achievements of modern medicine, and have saved countless lives. Subunit vaccines are vaccines made from specific parts (subunits) of a pathogen. Compared other types of vaccines, such as inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines, they are generally safer and more suitable for individuals with weakened immune systems. However, their immunogenicity is typically lower, which is why adjuvants are often required to enhance the immune response. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), exemplified by zeolitic imidazole framework-90 (ZIF-90), represent an emerging class of porous materials noted for their substantial pore dimensions, freely adjustable particle sizes, excellent chemical stability, biocompatibility, and pH sensitivity of coordination framework dissociation. These features present significant potential for development in the field of vaccine delivery carriers. Chitosan quaternary ammonium salts have good biosafety and can improve immunogenicity. This study successfully encapsulated ovalbumin (OVA) within ZIF-90 using a one-step stirring method to form OVA@ZIF-90 (ZO). Subsequently, the quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan was added to modify ZO through adsorption, resulting in ZIF-90@OVA@HACC (ZOH), which increased the stability and immunogenicity of OVA. Compared with free OVA, ZO and ZOH enhanced the immunogenicity of OVA, promoting the cellular uptake of antigens and escape from lysosomes, activating dendritic cells, stimulating the secretion of cytokines, forming an antigen reservoir to encourage the production of antibodies, and activating CD4⁺ T and CD8⁺ T cells to increase the generation of memory T cells. This study underscores the importance of ZIF-90 and chitosan quaternary ammonium salts in improving the stability and immunogenicity of antigens, which has considerable reference value for the development of subsequent immunizing vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144688291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-Responsive Nanosuspension Based on an Orthoester for Synergistic Chemodynamic and Photothermal Therapy in Localized Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Junjie Hu, Chi Zhang, Hao Xu, Yingda Wan, Xin Wang, Rupei Tang","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00578","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to develop a pH-responsive nanosuspension for localized cancer therapy by integrating photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Initially, we synthesized a compound containing two five-membered cyclic orthoester bonds (OE) as a liquid pharmaceutical excipient. This OE was subsequently coloaded with the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG) and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄), forming a stable nanosuspension (OE/ICG/Fe₃O₄). OE exhibits acid-sensitive degradation, enabling controlled drug release in the tumor microenvironment. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction, which synergizes effectively with the photothermal effect of ICG. Additionally, the OE/ICG/Fe₃O₄ formulation prolongs drug retention in tumor tissues and enhances drug penetration. Furthermore, the formulation induces immune modulation via Fe₃O₄, thereby enhancing the overall therapeutic efficacy. Under 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation, a tumor suppression rate of 84.6% was achieved through the combination of photothermal and chemodynamic therapies and immunotherapy. This study highlights the potential of OE-based nanosuspensions for localized cancer treatment, offering a multifunctional strategy to improve treatment outcomes while minimizing systemic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"5854-5868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indolo-[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinoxaline: A Core for the Stabilization of Room Temperature Liquid Crystalline Self-Assembly, Aggregation-Induced Emission, and Bioimaging Applications.","authors":"Rahul Ahmed, Vinay Sharma, Shweta Thakar, Paresh Kumar Behera, Praveen Kandpal, Doddamane Sreenivasamurthy Shankar Rao, Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00762","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) is a significant property that enables the translation of the fluorescence emission of chromophores in solution to the solid state. In recent years, the development of AIE-active liquid crystals has garnered considerable interest. In this context, we introduce a class of indolo[2,3-<i>b</i>]quinoxaline (<b>IQ</b>) based luminescent liquid crystals, demonstrating excellent solubility and thermal stability. The efficient space-filling interactions in compounds with seven and ten peripheral <i>N</i>-alkoxy chains (<b>IQ3</b> and <b>IQ4</b>) stabilize a columnar liquid crystalline phase at room temperature. Interestingly, these compounds exhibit tunable luminescence and liquid crystalline self-assembly in addition to technologically important AIE properties, in contrast to the commonly observed aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in the case of discotic liquid crystals (DLC). Compound <b>IQ4</b> was selected for bioimaging studies due to its robust fluorescence behavior and AIE-active properties, facilitating uniform staining throughout the nematode cell body. Under aggregated conditions, visualization of the nematode body was significantly enhanced. Additionally, <b>IQ4</b> was explored as a fluorescent probe for staining MCF7 cancer cells, where cellular uptake and localization studies revealed its exceptional fluorescence intensity and remarkable ability to target and visualize cancer cells. Its ability to stain individual cancer cells enabled high-contrast imaging with striking fluorescence signals, while its precise localization illuminated distinct cellular structures, thereby enhancing the resolution of bioimaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"6278-6290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Selective Electrochemical Detection of Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone) in Simulated Blood Serum Using Bimetallic Cu/Ni-MOF Decorated CNT Composite on Nickel Foam.","authors":"Manaswini Ravipati, Simran Moorjani, Divyasri Ramasamy, Sushmee Badhulika","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00325","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phylloquinone (Vitamin K) is a vital vitamin for humans since it plays a critical role in blood clotting by enabling the synthesis of proteins required for coagulation. The physiological and therapeutic significance of Vitamin K (VIT K) necessitates the development of precise techniques for its accurate quantification. In this study, we report the electrochemical detection of Vitamin K in simulated blood serum using a bimetallic CuNi-MOF/CNT (copper/nickel metal-organic framework decorated carbon nanotube) composite on nickel foam (NF) via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The CuNi-MOF/CNT composite is synthesized using a one-pot solvothermal method, embedding Cu/Ni-MOF with CNTs to form a porous structure with enhanced electrical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the presence of bimetallic MOFs with granular and cubical morphologies along with well-dispersed CNT structures; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirm functional group interactions and crystallinity of the CuNi-MOF/CNT composite. The CuNi-MOF/CNT composite, drop-casted (0.5 wt %) on a Ni foam electrode, exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a wide linear detection range from 30 nM to 10 μM, a high sensitivity of 1.97 mA μM^-1 cm^-2, and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.03 nM. The sensor displays commendable selectivity, as it maintains its activity even when it is subjected to potentially interfering species like DA, AA, UA, and H₂O₂. The composite demonstrates excellent stability and reproducibility (tested using four electrodes). The superior performance of the sensor can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the bimetallic Cu/Ni-MOF and CNTs, which enhances electron transfer, increases surface area, and improves conductivity. The unique structural and electronic properties of the composite contribute to the enhanced electrocatalytic activity, demonstrating its potential for advanced biosensing applications in clinical diagnostics and next-generation wearable health monitoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"5670-5679"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144292976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable Drug Release through Varying Drug Affinities for Ocular Chronic Disease.","authors":"Hyeonah Lee, Serim Byun, Moonyoung Kim, Hyeokjung Kim, Hyeran Noh","doi":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00425","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsabm.5c00425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective drug delivery is critical for the management of chronic diseases such as glaucoma, where sustained therapeutic levels can significantly enhance treatment outcomes. In this study, we present a Particles-on-a-Gel (PoG) system that leverages differential nanocarrier affinities to modulate drug release kinetics. By integrating poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanogels (pNIPAM) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the PoG platform enables both controlled initial release and prolonged drug delivery. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was employed to quantitatively characterize the thermodynamic interactions between timolol maleate and the nanocarriers, revealing distinct binding modalities─hydrophobic interactions with pNIPAM and chemically driven binding with AgNPs. These findings underscore the role of thermodynamic tuning in optimizing drug-carrier interactions to enhance release profiles and retention. Furthermore, incorporation of the PoG system into a contact lens-based drug delivery platform demonstrated its translational potential, maintaining optical transparency while enabling sustained drug release. Overall, this work highlights the promise of thermodynamically guided nanocarrier design in developing patient-centric drug delivery systems for chronic disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":2,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Bio Materials","volume":" ","pages":"5732-5742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}