Antonio A. Castillo-Garcia, Jörg Haupenthal, Anna K. H. Hirsch and Katalin Barta
{"title":"Modular synthetic routes to biologically active indoles from lignin†","authors":"Antonio A. Castillo-Garcia, Jörg Haupenthal, Anna K. H. Hirsch and Katalin Barta","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01003A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5GC01003A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Diol-assisted fractionation has emerged as an important ‘lignin-first’ processing method that delivers aromatic C2-acetals with high selectivity. This contribution describes the development of an unexpectedly straightforward synthetic route to biologically active indoles from this aromatic platform chemical, boosting the scope of this unique biorefinery approach. The novel method utilizes the functionalization of C2-acetal <em>via</em> phenol alkylation and mild halogenation reactions, enabling catalytic C–N coupling with anilines and benzylamines and forging <em>ortho</em>-aminoacetal intermediates. Such derivatives are suitable for <em>in situ</em> Schiff base formation/intramolecular cyclization by acetal deprotection in a mixture of MeOH/H<small><sub>2</sub></small>O and PTSA as the catalyst, resulting in a novel library of lignin-based indoles. Evaluation of the biological activity in terms of anticancer activity using human Hep G2 cells shows promising early results.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 25","pages":" 7506-7512"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia-Zhen Zhao, Fu-Da Yu, Hai-Nan Wang, Ji-Huai Wu, Zhang Lan, Yi-Ming Xie and Lan-Fang Que
{"title":"An entropy-driven multi-anionic electrolyte for Li-ion batteries with high voltage stability and superior temperature adaptability†","authors":"Jia-Zhen Zhao, Fu-Da Yu, Hai-Nan Wang, Ji-Huai Wu, Zhang Lan, Yi-Ming Xie and Lan-Fang Que","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01658D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01658D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Simultaneously achieving high-voltage stability and low-temperature adaptation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remains a critical challenge, as conventional ether-based electrolytes suffer from insufficient oxidative stability while ester-based systems exhibit sluggish ion transport kinetics. Herein, an entropy-driven multi-anionic ether electrolyte (HE-DIG) is designed to alleviate the abovementioned problems. Theoretical computations elucidate that multi-anion coordination in HE-DIG facilitates the formation of weakened solvation structures while concurrently expanding electronic bandgaps. This synergistic modulation significantly mitigates limitations imposed by Li<small><sup>+</sup></small> desolvation kinetics at low temperatures and effectively suppresses oxidative decomposition under high-voltage conditions. As expected, LiNi<small><sub>0.52</sub></small>Co<small><sub>0.2</sub></small>Mn<small><sub>0.28</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> (NCM523) in HE-DIG exhibits higher capacity, stable median voltage and better cycling performance than commercial ester electrolytes at both 25 °C and −20 °C. The preferential decomposition of LiNO<small><sub>3</sub></small> and LiDFOB generates a cathode−electrolyte interphase (CEI) rich in inorganic species. In addition, Li<small><sub>1.2</sub></small>Ni<small><sub>0.2</sub></small>Mn<small><sub>0.6</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> (LNMO) displays superior long-term cycling stability, retaining 83.8% capacity after 1000 cycles at −20 °C in HE-DIG. Remarkably, a 12 A h pouch cell with a graphite anode, NCM523 cathode, and the HE-DIG electrolyte delivers outstanding cycling stability, maintaining 91.6% capacity after 800 cycles at a rate of 8C. This work provides a solvation-tuning strategy leveraging anion diversity for advanced battery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 25","pages":" 7704-7716"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiabao Deng, Dawei Luo, Ke Rong, Zijie Gao, Jianghua Chen, Ke Zhao and Zhongxiang Yu
{"title":"A green route for producing high-purity nano-SiO2 from silicon containing waste†","authors":"Jiabao Deng, Dawei Luo, Ke Rong, Zijie Gao, Jianghua Chen, Ke Zhao and Zhongxiang Yu","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01344E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01344E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A novel, environmentally friendly synthesis method has been developed to convert silica-rich solid wastes into high-purity SiO<small><sub>2</sub></small>. Silica fume, a by-product of industrial silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production, represents a hazardous waste with limited recycling options. In this study, sodium silicate synthesized <em>via</em> alkali dissolution was used as the starting material. High-purity silica powder was obtained by employing calcium oxide for impurity removal followed by a carbonation process. A single-factor experiment revealed that, under conditions of 60 °C, a reaction time of 3 h, and 6 g L<small><sup>−1</sup></small> calcium oxide, the removal rates of aluminum and iron were 50.2% and 91.4%, respectively. Optimization using response surface methodology enhanced aluminum removal to 53.1%, while iron removal remained at 91.5%. In the carbonation experiment, conducted at 75 °C, with a pH of 9.0, a concentration of 60 g L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, a CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> flow rate of 40 mL min<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, and a stirring speed of 300 rpm, the silica recovery rate reached 92.4%, and the agglomerate particle size was 11.38 μm. Characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XRF confirmed that the product was 99.79% pure amorphous silica. After further treatment with chelating agent purification and mixed acid leaching, the purity of the synthesized silica can reach 99.9914% (4N). This process offers significant environmental and economic benefits by recycling silicon-containing waste and reducing CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 7191-7207"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kuan Wang, Xue Jiang, Xin-Peng Li, Zhe Cao, Zhen-Hong He, Weitao Wang, Huan Wang, Xiaojuan Lai and Zhao-Tie Liu
{"title":"Correction: Enhanced electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to methane via synergistic Sb and F dual-doping on copper foil under pulsed potential electrolysis","authors":"Kuan Wang, Xue Jiang, Xin-Peng Li, Zhe Cao, Zhen-Hong He, Weitao Wang, Huan Wang, Xiaojuan Lai and Zhao-Tie Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5GC90105G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC90105G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Enhanced electrocatalytic CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> reduction to methane <em>via</em> synergistic Sb and F dual-doping on copper foil under pulsed potential electrolysis’ by Kuan Wang <em>et al.</em>, <em>Green Chem.</em>, 2025, <strong>27</strong>, 6027–6038, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC00648A.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 7389-7389"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d5gc90105g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pore tuning in multivariate Zr/Ce-MOFs utilizing C4 natural linkers through room-temperature synthesis for customized adsorptive separation of gases and vapours†","authors":"Bochun Zhang, Qingqing Yan and Sujing Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01697E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01697E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Multivariate metal–organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs), inspired by the sequence-controlled organization of natural systems, offer a promising platform for tailoring functional properties through precise structural modularity. However, conventional synthetic approaches for MTV-MOFs—primarily relying on thermal reactions or limited room-temperature (RT) protocols—face challenges in achieving optimal functional diversity and application-specific performance. Here, we report a green, RT synthesis strategy for MTV-MOF-801 derivatives incorporating mixed fumarate/aspartate linkers. Systematic investigations have revealed that pore architecture can be finely tuned by modulating the fumarate/aspartate ratio, enabling dynamic structural adaptability to external stimuli. Furthermore, replacing Zr<small><sub>6</sub></small> clusters with Ce<small><sub>6</sub></small> clusters in the MOF-801 framework markedly enhances its capacity to integrate flexible aspartate ligands while improving the separation efficiency for CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>/N<small><sub>2</sub></small> mixtures and C<small><sub>6</sub></small> isomers. These results underscore the synergistic role of linker composition and metal-node substitution in property optimization. The RT-driven methodology demonstrated here provides a sustainable and versatile pathway for designing advanced MTV-MOFs with enhanced functionality for gas separation and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 25","pages":" 7642-7651"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marylise Triacca, Carl D. Reens, Hamish Stephen and Kevin Lam
{"title":"eSpiro: A scalable and sustainable electrosynthetic route to spiroketals via anodic oxidation of malonic acids†","authors":"Marylise Triacca, Carl D. Reens, Hamish Stephen and Kevin Lam","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01767J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01767J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Spiroketals are important structural motifs found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. However, their synthesis often requires hazardous reagents and harsh conditions, limiting their accessibility. Here, we present eSpiro, a novel electrosynthetic method for the efficient and sustainable synthesis of spiroketals <em>via</em> anodic oxidation of malonic acids. This approach offers a metal- and mercury-free alternative to conventional acid-catalysed or transition metal-mediated cyclisations. The reaction proceeds through a sequential Hofer-Moest decarboxylation, followed by Brønsted acid-mediated cyclisation, achieving high yields with broad functional group tolerance. We further explore the reaction scope and demonstrate its scalability, achieving up to 98% yield in batch. Additionally, we investigate a flow electrolysis setup, highlighting key challenges such as substrate stability, in-line solvent system switch and gas evolution, and also demonstrating preliminary success in integrating electrochemical oxidation with downstream acid-catalysed cyclisation. This work provides a practical and eco-friendly route to spiroketals, with potential for industrial applications in organic synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 25","pages":" 7513-7517"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Bao Zhang, Wei Chen, Yong Jun Yang and Zhen Zhen Liu
{"title":"Discovery and green metabolic engineering of a self-sufficient genistein pathway in Paenibacillus jilinensis†","authors":"Jia Bao Zhang, Wei Chen, Yong Jun Yang and Zhen Zhen Liu","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01323B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01323B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Genistein, a plant-derived isoflavone with pharmaceutical value, is conventionally obtained through ecologically detrimental extraction processes that rely on large-scale plant harvesting and hazardous solvents. Here, we report the discovery of native genistein biosynthesis in the <em>Paenibacillus jilinensis</em>, which inherently produces 5.7 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small> genistein <em>via</em> the phenylalanine branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway. This pathway mirrors plant flavonoid synthesis but operates through seven bacterial enzymes (<em>Pj</em>PAL, <em>Pj</em>C4H, <em>Pj</em>4CL, <em>Pj</em>CHS, <em>Pj</em>CHI, <em>Pj</em>IFS, and <em>Pj</em>HID) with about 30% sequence homology to the corresponding protein sequences in plants, suggesting evolutionary convergence. To leverage this native capability for sustainable production, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM YPG26) with 1636 reactions and 717 genes to rationally optimize carbon flux. Metabolic engineering elevated genistein titers by 9.3-fold to 52.8 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small> without introducing heterologous plant genes. Green-chemistry analysis further showed that <em>P. jilinensis</em>-ΔGLN achieves 92% less waste than soybean extraction and up to one order of magnitude better than state-of-the-art <em>E. coli</em> and yeast systems. It is crucial that this bacterial platform requires only a basic culture medium for sustained production, and eliminates dependence on medicinal plants. Our findings reveal <em>P. jilinensis</em> as a naturally gifted genistein producer and a green chassis for industrial isoflavone synthesis, aligning with green chemistry goals of waste prevention and bio-based process innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 25","pages":" 7575-7585"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel Claros, Julian Quévarec, Sara Fernández-García and Timothy Noël
{"title":"Design and application of a decatungstate-based ionic liquid photocatalyst for sustainable hydrogen atom transfer reactions†","authors":"Miguel Claros, Julian Quévarec, Sara Fernández-García and Timothy Noël","doi":"10.1039/D5GC02160J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5GC02160J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A recyclable decatungstate-based ionic liquid (DT-IL) was developed as a versatile photocatalyst for hydrogen atom transfer reactions. DT-IL exhibits broad solvent compatibility, high catalytic efficiency, and excellent recyclability. Its performance under batch and flow conditions, including in green and biphasic media, highlights its potential for sustainable photocatalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 25","pages":" 7660-7666"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aerobic alcoholization via aromatization driven C–C bond cleavage of unstrained ketones†","authors":"Renzhi Liu and Huiying Zeng","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01568E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01568E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alcohols are a crucial class of organic compounds that play pivotal roles not only in organic synthesis, materials science, and industrial production but also in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Conventional methods for synthesizing alcohols typically include olefin hydration, hydroboration followed by oxidation, and reduction reactions. In this study, we report a novel aerobic aldolization approach that employs aromatization-driven C–C bond cleavage for the deacetylation of unstrained ketones. This method enables the efficient generation of various primary and secondary alcohols using oxygen gas as an environmentally friendly oxidant and reactant. The reaction does not require the use of transition-metals, acids, or bases, demonstrating excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Notably, this method is applicable to the late-stage modification of natural products and drug molecules, highlighting its potential in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 7329-7335"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrothermal liquefaction vs. fast/flash pyrolysis for biomass-to-biofuel conversion: new insights and comparative review of liquid biofuel yield, composition, and properties†","authors":"Farid Alizad Oghyanous and Cigdem Eskicioglu","doi":"10.1039/D5GC01314C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC01314C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and fast/flash pyrolysis are thermochemical processes (TPs) with proven potential to convert biomass into liquid biofuel, which can be comparable to crude oil. HTL is generally preferred for wet biomass, while fast/flash pyrolysis is more suitable for dried biomass, as moisture content plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate conversion method. Beyond moisture content, the biochemical and elemental composition of biomass significantly impacts the physical and chemical characteristics of the resulting liquid biofuels, often increasing the need for upgrading. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of HTL and fast/flash pyrolysis for converting five biomass types—lignocellulosic biomass, microalgae, macroalgae, municipal sludge, and food waste—into liquid biofuels, highlighting the impact of biomass composition on biofuel yield and quality. By linking biomass type, process severity, and liquid biofuel quantity, this study offers a structured framework for selecting the optimal conversion process and severity range to maximize biofuel yield in large-scale applications. Additionally, this review identifies various organic compounds and their concentrations in liquid biofuels produced through HTL and fast/flash pyrolysis from different biomass sources, serving as a valuable resource for developing novel multistage and selective upgrading processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 7009-7041"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d5gc01314c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}