Journal of Materials Chemistry A最新文献

{"title":"Golden competition states in Butler–Volmer kinetics: exact asymmetry correction and a formal consistency bound","authors":"Bi-Shuang Chen,Huayang Cai","doi":"10.1039/d6ta07464b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta07464b","url":null,"abstract":"The recently proposed golden overpotential provides a characteristic reference point for symmetric Butler-Volmer (BV) kinetics, but its utility is critically limited by the assumption of a transfer coefficient α = 1/2. Deviations introduce systematic errors in exchange-current estimation and leave discrepancies beyond α-adjustment unexplained. Here, we overcome this limitation by showing that the golden reference is fundamentally geometric, not amplitude-specific. Resolving BV kinetics into positive anodic/cathodic channels recasts the golden overpotential as an invariant competition state. Kinetic asymmetry preserves this normalized state while rescaling the current magnitude, enabling exact branch-aware correction of the golden-current estimate and establishing a bounded admissibility window (0.618-1.618) for deviations solely attributable to α-asymmetry. Deviations outside this window signal additional interfacial physics or model inadequacy. This framework thus transforms the golden overpotential from a symmetric reference into a general diagnostic criterion, quantitative correction principle, and falsifiable test for electrochemical materials kinetics.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origins of NO3RR Activity and Selectivity on Cu2O-Derived Catalysts: Interplay of Oxidation States, Surface Reconstruction, and Reaction Conditions","authors":"Han Zhou,Neil Qiang Su","doi":"10.1039/d6ta07588f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta07588f","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the true active sites and structure-performance relationships of Cu-based catalysts in electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) remains challenging due to the dynamic reconstruction of copper oxides under operating conditions. Herein, density functional theory calculations combined with ab initio molecular dynamics, surface Pourbaix analysis, and microkinetic simulations were employed to systematically investigate the coupled effects of catalyst reconstruction, applied potential, and pH on NO3RR over Cu2O-derived surfaces. Progressive reduction of Cu2O induces substantial structural reconstruction and generates a series of defect-rich surfaces with distinct active-site configurations. The reconstructed surfaces exhibit markedly different NO3RR mechanisms and pathway distributions, governed by the transformation behavior of key intermediates such as *NO2 + *OH. The results reveal that deeply reduced surfaces expose pentagonal defect sites and square-step sites that serve as the primary active centers for NO3RR. Importantly, NH3 selectivity is found to be predominantly determined by the active-site configuration, while the competition between NO3RR and the hydrogen evolution reaction is mainly regulated by the applied potential and pH. Moderate cathodic potentials under acidic conditions provide the optimal balance between catalytic activity and NO3RR competitiveness. This work establishes a comprehensive framework that explicitly incorporates catalyst reconstruction and operating conditions into mechanistic analysis, offering atomic-level insight into the origin of NO3RR performance on Cu2O-derived catalysts and guiding the rational design of efficient nitrate reduction electrocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Hetero-Layered Quasi-Solid-State Electrolyte Enable Enhanced Ion Transport for Safe Sodium Metal Batteries","authors":"Kai ang Su,Xie Fei,Haocun Guan,Xiaoqian Su,Saihua Jiang,Congling Shi,Xiaodong Qian","doi":"10.1039/d6ta06891j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta06891j","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state sodium metal batteries with high energy density are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. Their bottleneck lies in the solid electrolytes, which must ensure flawless solid-solid contact and electrochemical compatibility with the Na anode and sufficient Na+ conductivity at room temperature. Herein, an in-situ polymerized hetero-layered quasi-solid-state electrolyte, denoted as PANO-SN, was developed by integrating a mechanically reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSPO) inner framework with in situ polymerized succinonitrile (SN)-based deep-eutectic interfacial layers. the resulting PANO-SN electrolyte achieves an ionic conductivity of 2.4 × 10-4 S cm-1 and an enhanced Na+ transference number of 0.61 at room temperature. When assembled Na|PANO-SN|Na symmetric cell, the batteries maintain stable Na plating/stripping for over 1200 h at 0.1 mA cm-2 with a stable polarization voltage of approximately 0.4 V. Furthermore, the Na|PANO-SN|NVP full cell delivers an excellent cyclability with 97.8% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 0.5 C. Notably, the fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) containing deep-eutectic interfacial layer facilitates the generation of a stable NaF and Na3Nrich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), restraining parasitic side reactions and homogenizing sodiumion flux. This work offers a rational strategy for developing mechanically robust, interfacially compatible, and ionically conductive quasi-solid-state electrolytes for high-performance sodium-metal batteries.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bottom-up carbon material synthesis from Ni-porphyrin with thermally polymerizable functional groups: Influence of carbon supports and application as CORR electrocatalysts","authors":"Yuki Sano,Haruko Moteki,Miyu Tanaka,Ryojun Toyoda,Tomoki Tateishi,Shinya Takaishi,Kazuyuki Iwase,Yuta Nishina,Ryota Sakamoto","doi":"10.1039/d6ta05221e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta05221e","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has been widely regarded as a promising approach to address environmental issues associated with rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Recently we have reported a bottom-up synthesis of carbon materials by solid-phase polymerization using functional molecules with thermopolymerizable groups as precursors. Here, by utilizing the technique, ethynyl-functionalized nickel porphyrin was employed as a molecular precursor to synthesize carbon-based catalysts, whose eCO2RR performance was systematically evaluated. Using three different carbon supports, catalysts retaining the Ni-N4 coordination structure were successfully obtained in all cases. Notably, the use of a mesoporous carbon support (CNovel® 010-00) enabled high CO selectivity and suppressed hydrogen evolution over a wide current density range of 10-100 mA cm⁻². These results demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy for enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of metal porphyrin-based catalysts and highlight its potential for further improvement through precursor design and support optimization.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"p-Block metal-induced p–d orbital hybridization enhances the oxygen reduction performance of an Fe–N–C catalyst in zinc–air batteries","authors":"Xiaogeng Feng,Xiaotong Jing,Haiying Dong,Junhao Liu,Ruize Yin,Weijun Shan,Ying Xiong","doi":"10.1039/d6ta06630e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta06630e","url":null,"abstract":"Novel catalysts featuring a metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) structure have demonstrated significant application potential in the field of oxygen reduction electrocatalysis, offering broad prospects for advancing energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. A dual-metal iron–indium catalyst (FeIn/NC) was successfully prepared by a controlled pyrolysis strategy using a polydopamine-coated metal–organic framework (MOF) as the precursor in this study. This catalyst shows excellent oxygen reduction activity in alkaline solution (E1/2: 0.863 V; JL: 6.84 mA cm−2), matching the catalytic level of commercial Pt/C. Theoretical calculations further indicate that strong p–d orbital hybridization occurs between the Fe 3d orbitals and the In 5p orbitals. This electronic coupling effectively modulates the electronic structure of the catalyst and the position of the d-band center, optimizing the adsorption energies of ORR intermediates and thereby enhancing the intrinsic ORR activity. Furthermore, excellent performance is observed for the zinc–air battery (ZAB) constructed with FeIn/NC, which shows a power density of up to 119.34 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 794 mA h g−1. This research confirms that the p–d orbital hybridization strategy can enhance catalytic performance and provides a crucial experimental basis and design ideas toward the exploitation of innovative high-activity oxygen electrocatalytic materials.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrooxidation of Ammonia to Nitrate on Magnetite via Slow Dehydrogenation and Nitric Oxide Formation","authors":"Hirak Kumar Basak,Pandiyan Sivasakthi,Deepak Kumar Sahu,Asit Dutta,Pralok K. Samanta,Biswarup Chakraborty","doi":"10.1039/d6ta06280f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta06280f","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) to nitrogen oxyanion products, [NO2]-, and/or [NO3]- is, although a sustainable alternative to the Ostwald process, scrambling of NOx products is often observed due to sluggish reaction kinetics of the multistep proton-coupled-electron-transfer pathway. Herein, oxygen vacancy-rich cubic-phase ~37 (±10) nm Fe3O4 particles are prepared, and their surface and bulk characteristics are analyzed through various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The anode made of Fe3O4 on carbon paper (CP) delivers a limiting current near 1.1 V (vs Hg/HgO) at low NH3 concentration in 0.5 M Na2SO4 while showing a catalytic current at high NH3 concentration, exhibiting AOR and a linear dependence of ja on NH3. AOR in different chronoamperometric (CA) conditions reveals 1.0 V (vs Hg/HgO) as an optimum potential to obtain [NO3]- selectively, while at higher potentials various parallel AOR products, including O2 from the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are formed. Rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) reveals 2.0 (± 0.5) electron transfer with an apparent rate constant (kapp) of 2.1 (±1.3) × 10−3 cm s−1, indicating the first two-electron oxidation of ammonia as a kinetically controlled step, while the variable-temperature AOR studies provide an activation energy of 46- 65 kJ mol-1. The D-labelling study depicts almost 10-fold suppression of the AOR rate, giving a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) value of 7.4, inferring the cumulative contribution of multiple oxidative dehydrogenation steps as the rate-limiting. In situ infrared (IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) trapping of AOR intermediates confirm [NO] as one of the key intermediates. In silico study of AOR on the (001) surface of oxygen vacancy-rich Fe3O4 surface further validates that the dehydrogenation of *NH to *N and “N-O” bond formation have the highest energy barrier at anodic potentials, leading to a *[NO] intermediate formation as an energetically favourable process. A relatively less energy This study thereby demonstrates Fe3O4 as a robust catalyst for selective oxidation of NH3 to [NO3]- and provides a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the AOR pathway.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processing-enabled functional differentiation in spray-pyrolysed bilayer air electrodes for durable solid oxide cells","authors":"Víctor Zapata-Ramírez,Glenn C. Mather,Domingo Pérez-Coll","doi":"10.1039/d6ta06384e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta06384e","url":null,"abstract":"Bilayer air electrodes offer a route to overcome the activity–stability trade-off that limits intermediate-temperature solid oxide cells, but their performance depends critically on how the individual layers are processed and integrated. Here, spray pyrolysis was used to fabricate compositionally differentiated air electrodes comprising an interfacial SrFe0.9Mo0.1O3−δ layer and an outer SrCo0.95Mo0.05O3−δ layer on Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ electrolyte. The resulting porous, well-adhered bilayer exhibited an area-specific polarisation resistance of 0.06 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, lower than either single-layer electrode. Impedance analysis supports complementary functional roles, with the SrCo0.95Mo0.05O3−δ-rich outer layer governing the more active oxygen-reduction response and the SrFe0.9Mo0.1O3−δ interlayer stabilising the electrode–electrolyte interface. The bilayer retained its performance during 100 h of ageing and ten thermal cycles more effectively than single-layer SCM. Importantly, spray pyrolysis reduced the polarisation resistance by more than 50% relative to an analogous slurry-coated bilayer, demonstrating that electrode architecture and fabrication route act cooperatively rather than independently. A Ni–Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ-supported cell delivered maximum power densities of 0.48, 0.66 and 0.94 W cm−2 at 650, 700 and 750 °C, respectively, including an approximately 78% improvement over a comparable SrFe0.9Mo0.1O3−δ cell at 650 °C. These results establish processing-enabled functional differentiation as an effective strategy for combining fast oxygen reduction with enhanced interfacial stability in cobalt-lean, rare-earth-free perovskite air electrodes.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking cathode porous transport layer degradation in PEM water electrolysis: a mechanism and a carbon-coating solution","authors":"Chen Ju,Congcong Yao,Huimin Sun,Runhao Zhang,Yixuan Ma,Chang Liu,Yang Liu,Ke Zhang,Tianrang Yang,Aidong Tan,Jianguo Liu","doi":"10.1039/d6ta07215a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta07215a","url":null,"abstract":"Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a cornerstone technology for green H2, where the Ti porous transport layer (Ti-PTL) is indispensable for sustaining mechanical integrity in high-pressure stacks. Yet, cathode Ti-PTL degradation remains contentiously attributed to hydrogen embrittlement, a hypothesis inherited from bulk-metal corrosion literature but rarely substantiated at realistic cathodic potentials. By decoupling anode and cathode contributions through an asymmetric Pt-coated-anode/uncoated-cathode configuration, we demonstrate that cathode degradation in PEMWE is governed not by hydride formation but by a previously overlooked “oxidative cathode” paradox, in which the Ti surface undergoes net anodic oxidation even under H2-evolving polarization. Quasi-in situ XPS and in situ Raman spectroscopy resolve the surface evolution at operating cathodic potentials (−0.1 V vs. RHE), identifying sub-stoichiometric, hydroxylated TiOx species that are thermodynamically unstable in the acidic cathodic environment, while ruling out Ti0 and TiHx. The latter species emerge only at potentials (≤−1.0 V) far beyond practical PEMWE cathodes, indicating that hydrogen embrittlement is not the operative mechanism. This unstable oxide thickens, increasing interfacial contact resistance, and dissolves, releasing Ti ions that poison Pt active sites in the cathode catalyst layer. Guided by this mechanism, a magnetron-sputtered carbon coating suppresses both degradation pathways, reducing the electrolyzer degradation rate from 31.9 to 1.9 µV h−1 over 1040 h at 2.0 A cm−2 and enabling operation of a differential-pressure stack at 3.0 MPa. This work redefines the dominant degradation pathway of cathode Ti-PTLs and establishes a mechanistically guided, PGM-free, and cost-effective PTL coating strategy for high-pressure PEMWE stacks.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect-Free Low-Fluorine MXenes (Nb2CTx/V2CTx) via Time-Optimized HF Etching: Achieving Superior Conductivity and Ultrahigh Capacitance for Supercapacitors","authors":"Bin Deng,Mingyue Gao,Donglong Bai,Ao Huang,Yun Zhao,Chuyi Xie,Jianguang Xu,Chi Chen,W Yao","doi":"10.1039/d6ta05373d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta05373d","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes hold exceptional promise for supercapacitors owing to their high conductivity and 2D layered structure. However, the unavoidable fluorine terminations and structural defects in MXenes synthesized via conventional hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching critically undermine their theoretical energy storage potential. Here, we propose a time-optimized HF etching strategy to synthesize defect-free, low-fluorine MXenes (Nb2CTx and V2CTx) by precisely regulating the interaction dynamics between HF and large-particle MAX precursors. Mechanistic studies reveal that prolonged etching time significantly increases the content of -F functional groups while simultaneously exacerbating the cleavage of Nb-C bonds, whereas controlled termination of the etching process suppresses these effects while ensuring complete Al removal. This approach not only achieves a 60% yield of few-layer MXenes but also eliminates structural damage, resulting in record-breaking electrical conductivity of 5530 S m-1 for Nb2CTx and ultrahigh volumetric capacitance of 1989.57 F cm-3 at 2 mV s-1. The synergy between minimized -F content and intact 2D morphology enables efficient ion diffusion and charge transfer, as evidenced by stable cycling performance, showing 79.55% capacitance retention after 15,000 cycles. Our work establishes a universal paradigm for tailoring MXene surface chemistry and microstructure, paving the way for high-performance energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the selective synthesis of siliceous zeolite encaged metal particles","authors":"Zixuan Han,Samuel J. Page,Simon Kenneth Beaumont","doi":"10.1039/d6ta06266k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ta06266k","url":null,"abstract":"Encapsulating metals within silica \"nanoboxes\" offers unique opportunities for controlling catalytic reactions through nanoscale diffusion effects. Here, we systematically investigated the synthesis parameters governing the formation of metalencaged hollow silicalite-1, examining the influence of hydrothermal treatment time, synthesis conditions, additives, metal precursor identity, and turbulence. Statistical analysis of hollow structure-types from large-scale TEM datasets enabled robust quantification of structural distributions, revealing selectivities (often overlooked in the literature but critical for catalytic application). Optimisation of synthesis conditions enabled the preparation of both multihollow (MH) \"sponge-like\" structures and single-hollow (SH) nanoboxes with selectivities of up to 84% and 72%, respectively. Nitrogen physisorption and solid-state NMR provided complementary signatures of these different hollow architectures: SH-rich samples exhibited a characteristic low-pressure hysteresis loop and lower Q³/Q⁴ ratios, the latter consistent with reduced framework defect concentrations, whereas \"sponge-like\" MH-rich samples displayed pronounced mesoporosity centred at 5-6 nm. Finally, vapour-phase furfural hydrogenation was used as a test reaction to demonstrate that hollow-structure morphology influences catalytic selectivity, highlighting the role of architecture-dependent diffusion effects and providing a foundation for the rational use of encaged metal particles in catalysis.","PeriodicalId":82,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry A","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149218207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}