{"title":"PEGylated ATP-Independent Luciferins for Noninvasive High-Sensitivity High-Speed Bioluminescence Imaging.","authors":"Xiaodong Tian, Yiyu Zhang, Hui-Wang Ai","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.4c00601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful, noninvasive imaging method for animal studies. NanoLuc luciferase and its derivatives are attractive bioluminescent reporters recognized for their efficient photon production and ATP independence. However, utilizing them for animal imaging poses notable challenges. Low substrate solubility has been a prominent problem, limiting <i>in vivo</i> brightness, while the susceptibility of luciferins to auto-oxidation by molecular oxygen in air increases handling complexity and poses an obstacle to obtaining consistent results. To address these issues, we developed a range of caged PEGylated luciferins with increased auto-oxidation resistance and water solubility of up to 25 mM, resulting in substantial <i>in vivo</i> bioluminescence increases in mouse models. This advancement has created the brightest and most sensitive luciferase-luciferin combination, enabling high-speed video-rate imaging of freely moving mice with brain-expressed luciferase. These innovative substrates offer new possibilities for investigating a wide range of biological processes and are poised to become invaluable resources for chemical, biological, and biomedical fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Farshineh Saei, Vladislavs Baskevics, Martins Katkevics, Eriks Rozners
{"title":"Recognition of Noncanonical RNA Base Pairs Using Triplex-Forming Peptide Nucleic Acids.","authors":"Sara Farshineh Saei, Vladislavs Baskevics, Martins Katkevics, Eriks Rozners","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.4c00662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noncanonical base pairs play an important role in enabling the structural and functional complexity of RNA. Molecular recognition of such motifs is challenging because of their diversity, significant deviation from the Watson-Crick structures, and dynamic behavior, resulting in alternative conformations of similar stability. Triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have emerged as excellent ligands for the recognition of Watson-Crick base-paired double helical RNA. The present study extends the recognition potential of PNA to RNA helices having noncanonical GoU, AoC, and tandem GoA/AoG base pairs. The purines of the noncanonical base pairs formed M<sup>+</sup>·GoU, T·AoC, M<sup>+</sup>·GoA, and T·AoG Hoogsteen triples of similar or slightly reduced stability compared to the canonical M<sup>+</sup>·G-C and T·A-U triples. Recognition of pyrimidines was more challenging. While the P·CoA triple was only slightly less stable than P·C-G, the E nucleobase did not form a stable triple with U of the UoG wobble pair. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested the formation of expected Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds for all of the stable triples. Collectively, these results expand the scope of triple helical recognition to noncanonical structures and sequence motifs common in biologically relevant RNAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breaking the Myth of Enzymatic Azoreduction.","authors":"Yu-Ju Peng, Bing Xu, Steven E Rokita","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.4c00779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavin-dependent azoreductases have been applied to a wide range of tasks from decolorizing numerous azo dyes to releasing azo-conjugated prodrugs. A general narrative reiterated in much of the literature suggests that this enzyme promotes sequential reduction of both the azo-containing substrate and its corresponding hydrazo product to release the aryl amine components while consuming two equivalents of NAD(P)H. Indeed, such aryl amines can be formed by incubation of certain azo compounds with azoreductases, but the nature of the substrates capable of this apparent azo bond lysis remained unknown. We have now prepared a set of azobenzene derivatives and characterized their turnover and products after treatment with azoreductase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> to discover the structural basis regulating aryl amine formation. Without resonance donation by aryl substituents, reduction ceases at the hydrazo product. This indicates that azoreductases do not act on the hydrazo bond. Instead, aryl amine formation depends on a spontaneous hydrazo bond lysis that is promoted by resonance stabilization and subsequent reduction of the quinone-like intermediate by azoreductase. Experimental and computational approaches confirm the substituent dependence of this process. With knowledge of this requirement, full release of aryl amines from azo-conjugates can now be designed and applied with confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengyang Chang, Hang Xu, Yue Dong, Giri Gnawali, Fangchao Bi, Wei Wang
{"title":"Dual-Performing Vinyltetrazine for Rapid, Selective Bioconjugation and Functionalization of Cysteine Proteins.","authors":"Mengyang Chang, Hang Xu, Yue Dong, Giri Gnawali, Fangchao Bi, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.4c00610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although methods for Cys-specific bioconjugation and functionalization of proteins have been developed and widely utilized in biomolecule engineering and therapeutic development, reagents for this purpose are generally designed to accomplish bioconjugation only. Consequently, additional clickable groups must be attached to these reagents to accomplish functionalization. Herein, we describe a new, simple, dual-performing bioconjugation-functionalization reagent, VMeTz, which possesses an electron-withdrawing tetrazine (Tz) substituted vinyl (V) moiety to serve as both a Michael receptor for selective conjugation with Cys and a site for click with TCO derivatives to introduce functionality. Critically, VMeTz contains a methyl group that prevents the formation of multiple Tz-containing Cys-adducts. Reactions of VMeTz with Cys-containing peptides and proteins both in vitro and in live cells produce single stable Michael adducts with high selectivity. Moreover, the Cys-VMeTz peptide and protein conjugates undergo facile click reactions with TCO-functionalized reagents for labeling and protein profiling. Furthermore, VMeTz selectively activates and delivers the TCO-caged toxic substances Dox and PROTAC ARV-771 to cancer cells to produce therapeutic effects that are comparable to those of the parent drugs. Collectively, the studies demonstrate that VMeTz is a useful reagent for therapeutically significant Cys-specific protein bioconjugation and functionalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoresponsive Adenosine Derivatives for the Optical Control of Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors in Living Cells.","authors":"Harufumi Suzuki, Tomohiro Doura, Yuya Matsuba, Yuma Matsuoka, Tsuyoshi Araya, Hidetsugu Asada, So Iwata, Shigeki Kiyonaka","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00583","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of photoresponsive ligands to optically control proteins of interest, known as photopharmacology, is a powerful technique for elucidating cellular function in living cells and animals with a high spatiotemporal resolution. The adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>R) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in various tissues; its dysregulation is implicated in severe diseases such as insomnia and Parkinson's disease. A detailed elucidation of the physiological function of A<sub>2A</sub>R is, therefore, highly desirable. In the present study, we developed two photoswitchable ligands, photoAd(blue) and photoAd(vio), that target A<sub>2A</sub>R. Using photoAd(vio), we successfully demonstrated the selective activation of A<sub>2A</sub>R in living cells by violet-light irradiation with high spatiotemporal resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2494-2501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Chemical BiologyPub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00248
Raymundo Nuñez, Paul F W Sidlowski, Erica A Steen, Sarah L Wynia-Smith, Daniel J Sprague, Robert F Keyes, Brian C Smith
{"title":"The TRIM33 Bromodomain Recognizes Histone Lysine Lactylation.","authors":"Raymundo Nuñez, Paul F W Sidlowski, Erica A Steen, Sarah L Wynia-Smith, Daniel J Sprague, Robert F Keyes, Brian C Smith","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00248","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histone lysine lactylation (Kla) regulates inflammatory gene expression in activated macrophages and mediates the polarization of inflammatory (M1) to reparative (M2) macrophages. However, the molecular mechanisms and key protein players involved in Kla-mediated transcriptional changes are unknown. As Kla is structurally similar to lysine acetylation (Kac), which is bound by bromodomains, we hypothesized that bromodomain-containing proteins bind histone Kla. Here, we screened 28 recombinantly expressed bromodomains for binding to histone Kla peptides via AlphaScreen assays. TRIM33 was the sole bromodomain tested that bound histone Kla peptides. TRIM33 attenuates inflammatory genes during late-stage macrophage activation; thus, TRIM33 provides a potential link between histone Kla and macrophage polarization. Orthogonal biophysical techniques, including isothermal titration calorimetry and protein-detected nuclear magnetic resonance, confirmed the submicromolar binding affinity of the TRIM33 bromodomain to both Kla and Kac histone post-translational modifications. Sequence alignments of human bromodomains revealed a unique glutamic acid residue within the TRIM33 binding pocket that we found confers TRIM33 specificity for binding Kla compared with other bromodomains. Molecular modeling of interactions of Kla with the TRIM33 bromodomain binding pocket and site-directed mutagenesis of glutamic acid confirmed the critical role of this residue in the selective recognition of Kla by TRIM33. Collectively, our findings implicate TRIM33, a bromodomain-containing protein, as a novel reader of histone Kla, potentially bridging the gap between histone Kla and macrophage polarization. This study enhances our understanding of the regulatory role of histone Kla in macrophage-mediated inflammation and offers insights into the underlying structural and biophysical mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2418-2428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Chemical BiologyPub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00536
Mohammad Faysal Al Mazid, Olha Shkel, Eunteg Ryu, Jiwon Kim, Kyung Ho Shin, Yun Kyung Kim, Hyun Suk Lim, Jun-Seok Lee
{"title":"Aptamer and N-Degron Ensemble (AptaGron) as a Target Protein Degradation Strategy.","authors":"Mohammad Faysal Al Mazid, Olha Shkel, Eunteg Ryu, Jiwon Kim, Kyung Ho Shin, Yun Kyung Kim, Hyun Suk Lim, Jun-Seok Lee","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00536","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Target protein degradation (TPD) is a promising strategy for catalytic downregulation of target proteins through various cellular proteolytic pathways. Despite numerous reports on novel TPD mechanisms, the discovery of target-specific ligands remains a major challenge. Unlike small-molecule ligands, aptamers offer significant advantages, owing to their SELEX-based systematic screening method. To fully utilize aptamers for TPD, we designed an aptamer and N-degron ensemble system (AptaGron) that circumvents the need for synthetic conjugations between aptamers and proteolysis-recruiting units. In our AptaGron system, a peptide nucleic acid containing an N-degron peptide and a sequence complementary to the aptamer was designed. Using this system, we successfully degraded three target proteins, tau, nucleolin, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which lack specific small-molecule ligands. Our results highlight the potential of the AptaGron approach as a robust platform for targeted protein degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2462-2468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Chemical BiologyPub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00518
Bharath Raj Madhanagopal, Hannah Talbot, Arlin Rodriguez, Arun Richard Chandrasekaran
{"title":"Switchback RNA.","authors":"Bharath Raj Madhanagopal, Hannah Talbot, Arlin Rodriguez, Arun Richard Chandrasekaran","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00518","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intricately designed DNA and RNA motifs guide the assembly of robust and functional nucleic acid nanostructures. In this work, we present a globally left-handed RNA motif with two parallel strands called switchback RNA and report its assembly, biophysical, and biochemical characterization. Switchback RNA can be assembled in buffers without Mg<sup>2+</sup>, with improved thermal stability in buffers containing Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, or K<sup>+</sup>. Differences in the binding of small molecules to switchback RNA and conventional RNA indicate design-based approaches for small molecule loading on RNA nanostructures. Further, the differential affinity of the two component strands in switchback or conventional duplex conformations allows for toehold-less strand displacement. Enzyme studies showed that the switchback and conventional RNA structures have similar levels of nuclease resistance. These results provide insights for employing switchback RNA as a structural motif in RNA nanotechnology. Our observation that RNA strands with switchback complementarity can form stable complexes at low magnesium concentrations encourages studies into the potential occurrence of switchback RNA in nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2394-2398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Chemical BiologyPub Date : 2024-12-20Epub Date: 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00548
Marie Klimontova, Kimberley Chung Kim Chung, Han Zhang, Tony Kouzarides, Andrew J Bannister, Ryan Hili
{"title":"PhOxi-seq Detects Enzyme-Dependent m<sup>2</sup>G in Multiple RNA Types.","authors":"Marie Klimontova, Kimberley Chung Kim Chung, Han Zhang, Tony Kouzarides, Andrew J Bannister, Ryan Hili","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00548","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, RNA-modifying enzymes have gained significant attention due to their impact on critical RNA-based processes and, consequently, human pathology. However, identifying sites of modifications throughout the transcriptome remains challenging largely due to the lack of accurate and sensitive detection technologies. Recently, we described PhOxi-seq as a method capable of confirming known sites of m<sup>2</sup>G within abundant classes of RNA, namely, purified rRNA and purified tRNA. Here, we further explore the selectivity of PhOxi-seq and describe an optimized PhOxi-seq workflow, coupled to a novel bioinformatic pipeline, that is capable of detecting enzyme-dependent m<sup>2</sup>G sites throughout the transcriptome. In this way, we generated a database of potential THUMPD3-dependent m<sup>2</sup>G sites in multiple RNA classes within a human cancer cell line and further identify potential non-THUMPD3 controlled m<sup>2</sup>G sites. These potential sites should serve as the basis for further confirmation studies for m<sup>2</sup>G within the human transcriptome.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2399-2405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142749413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biosynthetic Incorporation of Non-native Aryl Acid Building Blocks into Peptide Products Using Engineered Adenylation Domains.","authors":"Fumihiro Ishikawa, Maya Nohara, Akimasa Miyanaga, Satoki Kuramoto, Natsuki Miyano, Shumpei Asamizu, Fumitaka Kudo, Hiroyasu Onaka, Tadashi Eguchi, Genzoh Tanabe","doi":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00663","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acschembio.4c00663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), one of the most widespread secondary metabolites in nature, with therapeutically significant activities, are biosynthesized by modular nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). Aryl acids contribute to the structural diversity of NRPs as well as nonproteinogenic amino acids and keto acids. We previously confirmed that a single Asn-to-Gly substitution in the 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid-activating adenylation (A) domain EntE involved in enterobactin biosynthesis accepts monosubstituted benzoic acid derivatives with nitro, cyano, bromo, and iodo functionalities at the 2 or 3 positions. Here, we showed that the mutant EntE (N235G) accommodates various disubstituted benzoic acid derivatives with halogen, methyl, methoxy, nitro, and cyano functionalities at the 2 and 3 positions and monosubstituted benzoic acid with an alkyne at the 3 position. Structural analysis of the mutant EntE (N235G) with nonhydrolyzable aryl-AMP analogues using 3-chloro-2-methylbenzoic acid and 3-prop-2-ynoxybenzoic acid revealed how bulky 3-chloro-2-methylbenzoic acid and clickable 3-prop-2-ynoxybenzoic acid are recognized by enlarging the substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme. When engineered EntE mutants were coupled with enterobactin and vibriobactin biosynthetic enzymes, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid-, salicylic acid-, and 3-bromo-2-fluorobenzoic acid-containing peptides were produced as early stage intermediates, highlighting the potential of NRP biosynthetic pathway engineering for constructing diverse aryl acid-containing metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":11,"journal":{"name":"ACS Chemical Biology","volume":" ","pages":"2569-2579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}