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{"title":"Lived experience and global health architecture reform: from afterthought to cornerstone.","authors":"Johanna Ralston,Lavanya Vijayasingham,Chikhulupiliro Stanley Ng'ombe,Lucia Feito Allonca,Prisca Githuka,Nupur Lalvani,Ratna Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.langlo.2026.103999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langlo.2026.103999","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"103999"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2027-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustaining progress in HIV care in Africa with a transition to enabled self-care: a modelling study.","authors":"Andrew N Phillips,Kenly Sikwese,Valentina Cambiano,Loveleen Bansi-Matharu,Jennifer Smith,Euphemia Sibanda,Cheryl Johnson,Brooke E Nichols,Edinah Mudimu,Frances M Cowan,Paul Revill","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x(26)00088-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(26)00088-4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThe funding crisis for HIV services in east, central, southern, and west Africa means that innovative strategies for continuing prevention and care for HIV are needed. One such strategy is enabled self-care: the provision of free HIV self-tests, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and antiretroviral therapy (ART) provided in local pharmacies and by community-based health workers. We modelled the introduction of a policy of transition to enabled self-care compared with continuation of current service provision.METHODSWe used an established individual-based model (HIV Synthesis) to simulate HIV epidemics in 1000 setting scenarios representing diversity in setting characteristics across east, central, southern, and west Africa, and uncertainty in parameter values. For each setting scenario, we simulated 100 000 people aged ≥15 years between 1989 and 2076. The model incorporates ART access informed by studies of barriers to accessing clinics. Our main outcomes included the number of adults testing for HIV in a 3-month period, PrEP and PEP use, coverage of people on ART, HIV-related deaths, HIV incidence, perinatal transmission, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and costs. We chose a 50-year time horizon to capture the full effects of the policies. For each setting scenario, we performed three replicate runs for each of the two policies and for each policy took the mean across the three runs.FINDINGSOur model estimated that transitioning to enabled self-care would lead to increases in testing from a median of 5·0% (90% range 2·3-11·5) of adults testing per 3 months to 12·7% (6·6-21·1), an increase in PrEP and PEP use (+0·5% of adults [0·0-2·2]), and an increase in ART coverage for people with diagnosed HIV (+1% [0-3]) with enhanced benefits in those previously without access to PrEP and testing services. Enabled self-care was predicted to result in a median 18% (90% range 4-33) fewer HIV deaths, and a relative rate of 0·73 (0·52-0·94) in terms of HIV incidence per 100 person-years over 10 years. Overall, over a 50-year time horizon, enabled self-care was predicted to cut discounted programme costs by US$6·0 million (5·6-6·5; a 7% decrease), avert 34 000 (32 200 to 36 000) DALYS, and be cost-effective (at a cost-effectiveness threshold of $300 per DALY averted) in 95% of setting scenarios. The mean undiscounted annual cost per adult in the population per year across setting scenarios was $12 (median $11 [90% range 6-22]). The higher the HIV prevalence was in a setting scenario, the more cost-effective the policy was found to be (odds ratio 1·41 [95% CI 1·25-1·60] per 1% higher HIV prevalence).INTERPRETATIONIntroduction of community access to self-tests and antiretroviral drugs through a transition to enabled self-care is very likely to be cost-effective in most settings in east, central, southern, and west Africa; enable incidence declines to be sustained at reduced cos","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"40 1","pages":"103943"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2027-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabled self-care for HIV infection: an inflection point for sustainable epidemic control.","authors":"Dvora Joseph Davey","doi":"10.1016/j.langlo.2026.103970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langlo.2026.103970","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48783,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Global Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"103970"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2027-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION FOR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION DIRECTLY FROM CRYO-EM MICROGRAPHS.","authors":"Shay Kreymer, Amit Singer, Tamir Bendory","doi":"10.3934/ipi.2026033","DOIUrl":"10.3934/ipi.2026033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) measurement, called a micrograph, consists of multiple two-dimensional tomographic projections of a three-dimensional (3-D) molecular structure at unknown locations, taken under unknown viewing directions. All existing cryo-EM algorithmic pipelines first locate and extract the projection images, and then reconstruct the structure from the extracted images. However, if the molecular structure is small, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the data is very low, making it challenging to accurately detect projection images within the micrograph. Consequently, all standard techniques fail in low-SNR regimes. To recover molecular structures from measurements of low SNR, and in particular small molecular structures, we devise an approximate expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the 3-D structure directly from the micrograph, bypassing the need to locate the projection images. We corroborate our computational scheme with numerical experiments and present successful structure recoveries from simulated noisy measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":50274,"journal":{"name":"Inverse Problems and Imaging","volume":"27 ","pages":"110-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2027-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148609636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An End-to-End Pipeline to Generate Augmented Tactile Maps from Floor Plans.","authors":"Michelle Quach, James M Coughlan, Dragan Ahmetovic, Matteo Manzoni, Sergio Mascetti, Roberto Manduchi","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-31308-9_58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-31308-9_58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an end-to-end pipeline for transforming indoor floor plans into accessible tactile maps enriched with audio annotations. The approach integrates SIM (Semantic Interior Mapology), which allows authors to trace floor plans and assign semantic labels to relevant spatial features (e.g., rooms, corridors, restrooms, and stairs), with CamIO, a camera-based web application that delivers spoken feedback when users point to interactive regions (hotspots) on a tactile graphic. A pilot study with two blind participants and a follow-up study with five additional participants showed that users could successfully complete room-finding and route-tracing tasks and appreciated the system's support for spatial understanding. Usability evaluation yielded a mean SUS score of 77, indicating good usability, while NASA-TLX results showed a relatively low perceived workload, supporting the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Results also highlighted areas for improvement, including lower latency and clearer interaction around doors and small hotspots.</p>","PeriodicalId":90476,"journal":{"name":"Computers helping people with special needs : ... International Conference, ICCHP ... : proceedings. International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs","volume":"16867 ","pages":"485-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2027-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study on fertility preferences and barriers to fertility autonomy in rural Uganda among women with an unmet need for family planning.","authors":"Rebecca L Luttinen, Christine Muhumuza, Susan M Kiene, Rhoda K Wanyenze, Trace S Kershaw, Haruna Lule, Samuel Sekamette, Katelyn M Sileo","doi":"10.1080/17441692.2026.2635898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2026.2635898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women's autonomy in fertility decision-making is essential for improved health and social outcomes. Guided by the social-ecological model, this investigation explores multilevel influences on the fertility autonomy of women with an unmet need for family planning in rural Uganda. We conducted four focus groups with men and women (<i>n</i> = 26), and 15 key informant interviews with community leaders and individuals involved in the provision of family planning. The data were analyzed thematically. The results highlight how community-level norms reinforce gender inequalities in decision-making and underpin beliefs to not limit men's number of children. Religious norms and polygamy practices were shown to influence attitudes towards family size and family planning, as well as shape relationship dynamics related to fertility. Concerns about poverty were identified as a driver of shifting preferences and increasing acceptance of family planning. Results showcase how health system weaknesses limit women's access to family planning services, contribute to mistrust of health systems and drive misinformation about contraceptives, especially among men. This study underscores the need for multifaceted gender transformative interventions to increase women's fertility autonomy. This study also highlights health system strengthening, religious leader endorsement and male engagement as approaches to increase women's autonomous use of family planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":12735,"journal":{"name":"Global Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"2635898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147304604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota and hypertension: role of exercise training.","authors":"Meng Zhao, Qi Liu, Na-Jie Shi, Ying Li, Hong-Bao Li","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2025.2608905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641963.2025.2608905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regular exercise training can significantly improve the gut environment and influence the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota. These changes promote the production of beneficial metabolites, which may modulate blood pressure regulation through multiple mechanisms. The beneficial microbial species including <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp., <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp., <i>Roseburia</i> spp.,and <i>Bacteroides</i> spp. These beneficial microbes produce various metabolites during metabolism, including short-chain fatty acids, vitamins, lactic acid, bileacids, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. These metabolites are not only essential for maintaining gut health but also positively influence hypertension by modulating the nervous system, immune system, and improving metabolic function. This review aims to elucidate the complex interactions among exercise training, gut microbiota, and hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":10333,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension","volume":"48 1","pages":"2608905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute phenylcapsaicin supplementation improves CrossFit® performance: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Alejandro R Triviño, Carlos Díaz-Romero, Juan J Martin-Olmedo, Pablo Jimenez-Martinez, Carlos Alix-Fages, Magdalena Cwiklinska, Daniela Pérez, David Funes Pol, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli","doi":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2615274","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15502783.2026.2615274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenylcapsaicin (PC) may enhance high-intensity exercise performance by reducing perceived exertion, increasing mechanical output, and limiting muscle damage, making it potentially beneficial for CrossFit^® (CF) athletes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the acute effects of PC supplementation on performance, recovery, and metabolic responses during a CF session.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study had a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Fifty CF-trained athletes (50% women) ingested either 2.5 mg of PC or a placebo (PLA) 45 minutes before a standardized CF session, including a warm-up, weightlifting block, and WOD. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was assessed 24- and 48-hours post-session. Countermovement jump (CMJ) was evaluated pre- and post-session, while a deep squat at 70% 1RM was performed post-session. Throughout the session, heart rate, capillary lactate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and perceived recovery status (PRS) were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to PLA, PC improved squat performance at 70% 1RM in both load and repetitions (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.035), attenuated the decline in CMJ (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and maintained weightlifting performance over time (<i>P</i> interaction = 0.011), with significantly higher load in round 9 (<i>P</i> = 0.030). No differences were observed during the WOD (<i>P</i> interaction ≥ 0.826). DOMS was significantly lower in the PC group at both 24 h and 48 h (<i>P</i> = 0.030), while no group differences were found for lactate, RPE, PRS, or heart rate (<i>P</i> interaction ≥ 0.340). Analysis stratified by sex showed that PC reduced CMJ loss in men (<i>P</i> = 0.043) and increased squat load in women (<i>P</i> = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, acute PC supplementation enhances performance and recovery in CF athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17400,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition","volume":"23 1","pages":"2615274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12810409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue modelling and policy integration: A necessary step toward sustainable epidemic control.","authors":"Mukhamad Zulianto","doi":"10.1080/17441692.2026.2631237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2026.2631237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12735,"journal":{"name":"Global Public Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"2631237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146179120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral hypertensive retinopathy (grade 4): Case report and review of the literature on intravitreal injection anti-VEGF therapy.","authors":"Yang Jianjun","doi":"10.1080/10641963.2025.2604831","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10641963.2025.2604831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To introduce bilateral hypertensive retinopathy (HR) (grade 4) complicated with macular edema (ME) patients with binocular intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three cases of hypertensive retinopathy were observed. The fundus examination was consistent with HR (grade 4). The patients received anti-VEGF intraocular injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient's ME and optic nerve edema were significantly reduced, visual acuity was significantly improved, and a case of secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the fundus of HR (grade 4) was also noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in stage IV hypertensive retinopathy appears satisfactory but not perfect. In severe cases with vitreous hemorrhage, early injection avoids vitrectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10333,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Hypertension","volume":"48 1","pages":"2604831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145818438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}