{"title":"Platinum-Supported Indium Tin Oxide Catalyst for Efficient H2O2 Production via Two-Electron Water Oxidation Reaction","authors":"Kiran Srinivasan Hamkins, Lauren Vallez, Xiaolin Zheng","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c02385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c02385","url":null,"abstract":"The two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e<sup>–</sup> WOR) has drawn growing attention as a potential method of producing hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) on-site through electrochemical water splitting. Nevertheless, despite ongoing efforts to identify more effective electrocatalysts for 2e<sup>–</sup> WOR, it remains a challenge to simultaneously achieve good activity, selectivity, and stability with a single catalyst material. In the field of thermocatalysis, metal oxide supports have been used to tune the catalytic properties of the supported metal catalysts. Inspired by this support effect, herein, we explore using the inverse structure─a metal-supported metal oxide bilayer─as the electrocatalyst for 2e<sup>–</sup> WOR. The metal underlayer modifies the top metal oxide catalytic properties by forming a Mott–Schottky junction, where the built-in potential influences the electron transport. We investigated several semiconducting metal oxide catalysts and different metal support materials and observed a strong metal substrate effect on the metal oxide catalytic activity. We found that a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) supported by a layer of platinum (Pt) shows the best catalytic ability toward 2e<sup>–</sup> WOR, which is significantly more active and stable than the unsupported ITO catalyst, and its H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production rates are also greater than most reported single component electrocatalysts in the literature. The method of metal underlayer provides a pathway to create future catalysts for this electrochemical reaction.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catalytic Tandem CO2 Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation for High-Yield Synthesis of C2+ Alcohols","authors":"Chengyang Li, Qi Liu, Dongting Huang, Jia Wang, Yongjie Xi, Zhiwei Huang, Fuwei Li","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c02559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c02559","url":null,"abstract":"CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to C<sub>2+</sub>OH is highly attractive but remains a great challenge due to low C<sub>2+</sub>OH productivity and poor catalyst stability. Herein, we report efficient CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to C<sub>2+</sub>OH over a Ni- and K-<i>co</i>-modified Fe-based catalyst (1Ni-4K/Fe), achieving a promising space-time yield (STY) of 317.0 mg/g/h and catalytic stability over 300 h. Systematic investigations reveal that the addition of Ni promotes the formation of surface alkyl intermediates, while K mitigates the undesired deep hydrogenation of these alkyl intermediates. Both effects facilitate coupling between *CO and *CH<sub><i>x</i></sub>, thereby enhancing the production of C<sub>2+</sub>OH. Moreover, the synergistic effect between K and Ni expedites the formation of Fe<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub> and the recarburization of in situ oxidized Fe species during the reaction, resulting in enhanced stability of the 1Ni-4K/Fe catalyst. Additionally, by introduction of Rh<sub>1</sub>/POP (for the hydroformylation of olefins to aldehydes) and Cu@SiO<sub>2</sub> (for the hydrogenation of aldehydes to alcohols) catalysts to establish a 1Ni-4K/Fe||Rh<sub>1</sub>/POPs||Cu@SiO<sub>2</sub> triple-tandem system, an excellent C<sub>2+</sub>OH STY of 980.5 mg/g/h can be achieved, along with a C<sub>2+</sub>OH selectivity of 55.0% and a high proportion of C<sub>3+</sub>OH (75.6%) in the alcohol products.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c01848
Chiara Daldossi, Cristiana Di Valentin, Annabella Selloni
{"title":"Pathways of Photocatalytic Oxidation of Formic Acid on Dry and Hydrated Anatase TiO2 Surfaces","authors":"Chiara Daldossi, Cristiana Di Valentin, Annabella Selloni","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c01848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c01848","url":null,"abstract":"The photocatalytic oxidation of formic acid (FA), which is one of the most abundant volatile organic compounds, is a promising air remediation technology inspired by nature. However, the detailed mechanism of this photocatalytic reaction on the surface of TiO<sub>2</sub>, a typical photocatalyst, is not yet well-understood. In this work, we present a computational mechanistic study of the thermal vs photocatalytic oxidation of FA on dry and hydrated anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> (101) surfaces, based on periodic hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in which the photo-oxidation is treated as an excited-state process in a constrained triplet spin state. We first compare the adsorption modes of FA on the anatase (101) surface in the ground and excited states, followed by identification of the corresponding reaction intermediates that lead to the formation of CO<sub>2</sub>. We unveil the pivotal role of photogenerated holes localized at surface under-coordinated oxygen sites in mediating the C–H bond cleavage, thereby promoting CO<sub>2</sub> formation through a highly stable intermediate and an exergonic reaction step. Further investigation of the effect of coadsorbed water molecules shows that hydrogen bonding with water stabilizes FA in a monodentate configuration. This is favored over the unreactive bidentate structure that is the most stable under dry conditions, thus providing insight into the experimentally observed increase of the reaction rate in the presence of water.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c06733
Xin Yuan, Kwanpyung Lee, J. R. Schmidt, Kyoung-Shin Choi
{"title":"Diastereoselectivity Controlled by the Hydrogenation Mechanisms during the Electrochemical Reduction of a Carbonyl Group","authors":"Xin Yuan, Kwanpyung Lee, J. R. Schmidt, Kyoung-Shin Choi","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.4c06733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.4c06733","url":null,"abstract":"Stereocontrol is of critical importance in organic synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate how heterogeneous electrochemical hydrogenation enables diastereocontrol simply by tuning electrochemical hydrogenation mechanisms without altering the adsorption conformation of a reactant on the electrode. We use 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone (4-OH-tetralone) as a model reactant, where diastereomers can be produced during the hydrogenation of the carbonyl group. In traditional thermocatalytic hydrogenation, H<sub>2</sub> first dissociates on the catalyst surface to form surface-adsorbed hydrogen (H*), and therefore, H* is always added to the organic reactant from the catalyst side via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). Thus, in order to flip the diastereoselectivity, the adsorbed reactant itself must be physically flipped. In contrast, electrochemical hydrogenation can occur either via HAT, where H is added from the electrode surface, or via proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), where H is added from the solution side of the adsorbed reactant. Thus, without changing the adsorption conformation of the reactant, opposite diastereomers can be obtained by switching the hydrogenation mechanism (HAT vs PCET). In this work, using a combination of experimental and computational studies, we demonstrate two examples of flipping diastereoselectivity by different electrochemical hydrogenation mechanisms. In the first case, we achieve opposite diastereoselectivities using metals that adopt different hydrogenation mechanisms (HAT vs PCET). In the second case, we flip the diastereoselectivity by varying the applied potential, which switches one hydrogenation mechanism to the other on the same metal electrode. In each case, our results offer an atomic-level understanding of the preferred hydrogenation mechanism that enables the corresponding diastereoselectivity.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c02405
Emily K. Volk, Melissa E. Kreider, Daniella M. Gibson Colón, Magdalena Müller, Svein Sunde, Shaun M. Alia, Stephanie Kwon
{"title":"Electrochemical Activation of Ni–Fe Oxides for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media","authors":"Emily K. Volk, Melissa E. Kreider, Daniella M. Gibson Colón, Magdalena Müller, Svein Sunde, Shaun M. Alia, Stephanie Kwon","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c02405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c02405","url":null,"abstract":"The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential to many key electrochemical devices, including H<sub>2</sub>O electrolyzers, CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzers, and metal–air batteries. NiFe oxides have been historically identified as active for the OER, though they have been less studied in their more commercially relevant bulk oxide forms, such as NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. Past works have demonstrated that the initial starting phase of Ni(Fe) precatalysts can influence their activation to the Ni(Fe)OOH active phase, including the rate and degree of conversion, pointing to the necessity of understanding activation protocols and in situ characteristics of catalyst materials at the device level. In this work, we investigate the characteristics of commercially relevant NiFe bulk oxides (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and a physical mixture of NiO and γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) during multiple activation procedures. Our results demonstrate that significant performance enhancement is observed for these bulk oxides regardless of the Fe incorporation in the initial form (i.e., atomically or macroscopically integrated), leading to significant performance enhancement (up to 30×) over time on stream. We hypothesize that this activation is due to the formation of NiFeOOH active sites on the surface, supported by in situ cyclic voltammetry and Raman spectroscopy results. We further show that not only the starting material but also the method of activation influences the number of Ni(Fe)OOH active sites formed and suggest that these sites can be quantified from the Ni<sup>2+</sup> to Ni<sup>3+</sup> redox transition using cyclic voltammetry. Broadly, this work demonstrates the necessity of in situ characterization of catalyst materials for cell-level design and testing.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c02785
Hansaem Jang, Ciarán O’Brien, Nathaniel J. D. Hill, Adrian M. Gardner, Ivan Scivetti, Gilberto Teobaldi, Alexander J. Cowan
{"title":"Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction on Gold without Metal or Organic Cations","authors":"Hansaem Jang, Ciarán O’Brien, Nathaniel J. D. Hill, Adrian M. Gardner, Ivan Scivetti, Gilberto Teobaldi, Alexander J. Cowan","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c02785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c02785","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive research efforts have been concentrated into the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals as it provides a route to a circular carbon economy. Electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> on Au surfaces allows for the selective transformation of CO<sub>2</sub> into CO via carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR), and the catalytic activity depends on the concentration and identity of cations present at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Experimental reports performed under typical CO<sub>2</sub>RR-operating conditions have widely shown that the CO<sub>2</sub>RR is enabled by the presence of metal or organic cations in the cathodic interfacial microenvironment. A remaining question is to address if CO<sub>2</sub>RR can occur in the absence of metal or organic cations and, if so, what the mechanism may be. Here, we show that CO<sub>2</sub> can be electrochemically reduced to CO on Au in acidic electrolytes rigorously controlled to avoid the presence of metal and organic cations and systematically suggest the important contributions allowing this reaction to proceed. The formation of CO is confirmed by both qualitative and quantitative methods using potentiodynamic CO-stripping scans and chromatography-assisted constant potential electrolysis. Calculations indicate that H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> is able to stabilize the formation of *CO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>, albeit at more negative potentials than when an alkali metal cation is present. Spectroelectrochemical experiments show that the electric field at the interface is reduced when metal cations are not added, indicating that the decreased field stabilization of intermediates could play an important role in increased overpotential required for the CO<sub>2</sub>RR to occur.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c01592
Yuqi Yang, Anders Hellman, Henrik Grönbeck
{"title":"Kinetic Monte Carlo-Based Reactor Model Including Catalyst Shape Changes","authors":"Yuqi Yang, Anders Hellman, Henrik Grönbeck","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c01592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c01592","url":null,"abstract":"The dynamic character of heterogeneous catalyst particles makes direct comparisons between first-principles kinetics and experimental results obtained for technical catalysts challenging. First-principles kinetics is commonly based on a single model structure and constant reaction conditions, whereas experiments are performed over a particle distribution with shapes that respond to the reaction conditions. Here, we develop a framework for particle-shape adaptive kinetic Monte Carlo simulations in a reactor model (PAKS-R), which integrates first-principles-based kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations with a reactor model. The framework bridges the gap between the experimental situation by allowing for (i) particle size distributions, (ii) reaction conditions that change along the reactor, and (iii) dynamic shape changes of the NPs as a response to the coverages. The method is applied to ammonia synthesis over Ru NPs, reproducing the previous experimental reaction kinetics. The results show that the activity depends sensitively on the particle size and reaction conditions. The effect of dynamical shape changes is, on average, limited but strongly particle dependent. The PAKS-R approach is robust and general and can be used to explore the reaction kinetics of complex, technical catalysts for a range of reactions.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c03134
Elliot S. Silk, Haozhe Zhu, Alexander G. Shtukenberg, Tianning Diao
{"title":"Imine-Oxazoline (ImOx): A C1-Symmetric N,N-Bidentate Ligand for Asymmetric Catalysis","authors":"Elliot S. Silk, Haozhe Zhu, Alexander G. Shtukenberg, Tianning Diao","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c03134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c03134","url":null,"abstract":"Asymmetric catalysis relies on the design of chiral ligands, but the variety of nitrogen-based ligands remains limited. To address this gap, we have developed a class of <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-symmetric <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-bidentate ligands, imine-oxazoline (ImOx), derived from amino acids through a four-step synthesis. ImOx features an imine moiety conjugated with a chiral oxazoline ring as a hybrid of α-diimine (ADI) and pyridine oxazoline (PyOx) ligands. Its low symmetry allows for independent optimization at both coordination sites. ImOx improves the enantioselectivity of palladium-catalyzed conjugate addition reactions, demonstrating a strong correlation between ee and the steric effects on both the imine and oxazoline sites. Studies on well-defined organopalladium intermediates reveal that the steric bulk of ImOx necessitates a cationic pathway to promote alkene insertion. Structural characterization of ImOx suggests a stronger <i>trans</i>-influence compared to PyOx. Moreover, ImOx demonstrates versatile redox activity, promoting the reduction of nickel complexes and stabilizing nickel radical complexes. We anticipate that ImOx will expand the toolkit of chiral N-ligands for asymmetric catalysis.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c02421
Uttam Dutta, Bernhard Breit
{"title":"Light-Mediated Photoredox/Cobalt Dual Catalysis for Multisubstituted Enal Synthesis from Alkyne Feedstock","authors":"Uttam Dutta, Bernhard Breit","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c02421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c02421","url":null,"abstract":"<i>α,β</i>-Unsaturated aldehydes are important structural motifs in organic synthesis and have wide applications in the synthesis of olfactory compounds, agrochemicals, and drugs. While the traditional synthesis of <i>α,β</i>-unsaturated aldehydes requires harsh reaction conditions involving multistep processes, we have developed a unique one-step synthesis utilizing an ene–yne coupling reaction, an efficient process to build the linear carbon chain in an atom-economic way. The traditional reductive ene–yne coupling reaction requires (super)stoichiometric metal, Grignard reagent, borane, or silane as a reductant. The present method describes an alternative route using Hantzsch ester as an organic reductant under Co–Ir dual catalysis. Importantly, the specific choice of the alkene, i.e., vinylene carbonate, was key to obtaining the <i>α,β</i>-unsaturated aldehydes following a reaction sequence of reductive ene–yne coupling, β-oxygen elimination, decarboxylation, and enol–enal tautomerization. The developed reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and display broad substrate scope.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS Catalysis Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5c02124
Xuefen Song, Haoren Zheng, Jie Zhang, Xuejiang Zhang, Jian Cui, Muhammad Ayyob, Chuangwei Liu, Panpan Su, Zhongwei Chen
{"title":"Lanthanide–O–Ru on RuO2 Mediates the Binding Behavior of OH, Enabling Efficient and Stable Water Oxidation in Acidic Solution","authors":"Xuefen Song, Haoren Zheng, Jie Zhang, Xuejiang Zhang, Jian Cui, Muhammad Ayyob, Chuangwei Liu, Panpan Su, Zhongwei Chen","doi":"10.1021/acscatal.5c02124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c02124","url":null,"abstract":"The development of Ru-based electrocatalysts with superior activity and stability for proton exchange membrane water oxidation remains a significant challenge. A key strategy is the precise engineering of the lanthanide–O–Ru structure to tailor surface species and continuously modulate Ru–O covalency, thereby optimizing the adsorption energy of intermediate species for enhanced catalytic performance. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that incorporating the late lanthanides (Tm–O–Ru) into the RuO<sub>2</sub> structure significantly enhances the density of states near the Fermi level to a greater extent than the middle lanthanide (Gd–O–Ru). This leads to a lower energy barrier for *OOH as the rate-determining step of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Additionally, the strength of *OH adsorption follows the Tm–O–Ru > Gd–O–Ru > RuO<sub>2</sub> trend. Experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions: Tm–O–Ru structure enhances the Ru–O covalency, tunes the electronic structure of Ru, and optimizes *OH adsorption. These modifications result in good OER performance with an overpotential of 201 mV and robust stability over 1000 h at 10 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>. Furthermore, a Tm–RuO<sub>2</sub>-based PEMWE device stably operates at 100 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> for 200 h with a low degradation rate of 0.195 mV h<sup>–1</sup>, outperforming most Ru-based catalysts reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":9,"journal":{"name":"ACS Catalysis ","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}