Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Reversible transformations of sulfamethoxazole and its submoieties by manganese-oxidizing bacteria and biogenic manganese oxides in the presence of humic substances.","authors":"Adam Sochacki, Hana Šubrtová Salmonová, Sylwia Bajkacz, Ewa Felis, Lucie Schneider, Zdeněk Chval, Zuzana Vaňková, Martin Lexa, Michael Pohořelý, Philippe François-Xavier Corvini, Markéta Marečková","doi":"10.1039/d4em00593g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00593g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB) and biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx) play key roles in the breakdown of organic matter (including pollutants) in water and soil environments. The degradation of some organic compounds (such as sulfonamides selected in this study) by BioMnOx in the presence of active MnOB is poorly understood. Thus far, it has been shown that the transformation of sulfonamides by either BioMnOx or MnOB (but thus far not studied in a binary system) can be modulated using naturally occurring redox mediators, such as humic substances, leading to the formation of coupling products of unknown stability. The co-occurrence of sulfonamides, MnOB, BioMnOx, and humic constituents is pertinent to many natural and engineered settings. This study used syringaldehyde, which is a model humic constituent, to investigate the nature of modulation in a binary system of BioMnOx and MnOB for the first time. The MnOB strain <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> MnB6 was cultivated and used in batch degradation tests. Initial tests with eight sulfonamides showed comparably poor degradation. In the next step of this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and two SMX submoieties (sulfanilamide (SNM) and 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (ISX)) were examined. After 48-60 hours in active cultures with BioMnOx, the degradation of all the three substances was negligible. However, syringaldehyde increased the degradation efficiency by 26% for SMX, 58% for SNM, and 27% for ISX. The active culture and BioMnOx synergistically improved degradation, highlighting the importance of BioMnOx regeneration. Removal was partially reversible (10-30%) owing to the retransformation of the reaction products into parent compounds, which was induced by syringaldehyde depletion. Unstable reaction products were conjugates of SMX, SNM, and ISX with syringaldehyde or its oxidation product DMBQ (2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone). This deconjugation likely contributes to process reversibility, potentially negatively impacting the environment and the safety of water and wastewater treatment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study to assess the vascular developmental toxicity of anticarcinogen toremifene in zebrafish (Danio rerio)†","authors":"Juan Liu, Huiyun Wang, Chun Yang and Tingzhang Hu","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00614C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00614C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to the increasing burden of disease and demand for medicines, more and more pharmaceutical compounds are appearing in the environment. Toremifene (TOR), a first-line drug in the therapy of breast cancer, is widely used in the treatment of related diseases. However, the toxicity assessment of TOR is insufficient. Here, a model organism zebrafish and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of TOR on angiogenesis. The results showed that TOR exposure reduced hatching and survival rates, and increased the malformation rate. TOR inhibited angiogenesis by inducing nuclear condensation in zebrafish endothelial cells and impeding cell migration, resulting in vascular malformation in zebrafish embryos. TOR disrupted the cytoskeleton, suppressed HUVEC migration, adhesion, activity and division, induced cell cycle arrest, and accelerated apoptosis. qRT-PCR indicated that transcriptional levels of <em>Integrin β1</em>, <em>Rho</em>, <em>ROCK</em>, and <em>MLC-1</em> reduced in the TOR-exposed groups, and western blot indicated that TOR decreased the contents of Integrin β1, Rho, ROCK, MLC, and pMLC in the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. Collectively, TOR may disturb endothelial cell behaviors by disrupting the cytoskeleton <em>via</em> the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in abnormal angiogenesis. The study increases awareness of the toxicity of TOR to aquatic organisms and raises public concern about the health risks posed by anti-tumor drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1169-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur depletion through repetitive redox cycling unmasks the role of the cryptic sulfur cycle for (methyl)thioarsenate formation in paddy soils.","authors":"José M León Ninin, Carolin Lisbeth Dreher, Andreas Kappler, Britta Planer-Friedrich","doi":"10.1039/d4em00764f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00764f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inorganic and oxymethylated thioarsenates form through the reaction of arsenite and oxymethylated arsenates with reduced sulfur, mainly as sulfide (S^II-) but also as zerovalent sulfur (S⁰). In paddy soils, considered low-S systems, microbial reduction of the soil's \"primary\" sulfate pool is the principal S^II- source for As thiolation. Under anoxic conditions, this primary pool is readily consumed, and the precipitation of iron (Fe) sulfides lowers S^II- availability. Nonetheless, sulfate can be constantly replenished by the reoxidation of S^II- coupled with the reduction of Fe^III phases in the so-called cryptic S cycle (CSC). The CSC supplies a small secondary sulfate pool available for reduction and, according to previous studies, As thiolation. However, sulfate concentrations commonly found in paddy soils mask the biogeochemical processes associated with the CSC. Here, we depleted a paddy soil from excess S, Fe, and As from a paddy soil through repetitive flooding and draining (<i>e.g.</i>, redox cycling). After 10, 20, and 30 such cycles, we followed thioarsenate formation during an anoxic incubation period of 10 days. Higher S/As ratios increased As thiolation contribution to total As up to 10-fold after 30 cycles. During the anoxic incubation, the depleted soils showed a transient first phase where the reduction of the primary sulfate pool led to inorganic thioarsenate formation. In the second phase, methylthioarsenate formation correlated with partially oxidized S species (S⁰, thiosulfate), suggesting CSC-driven sulfate replenishment, re-reduction, and thiolation. Methylthioarsenates formed even as inorganic thioarsenates de-thiolated, indicating thermodynamic preference under S-limited conditions. This study highlights the role of the CSC in sustaining thioarsenate formation in low-S systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the distribution of aromatic amines between polyester, cotton, and wool textiles and air†","authors":"Özge Edebali, Anna Goellner, Marek Stiborek, Zdeněk Šimek, Melis Muz, Branislav Vrana and Lisa Melymuk","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00015G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00015G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Textiles play an important role in the accumulation of harmful chemicals and can serve as a secondary source of chemical pollutants in indoor environments, releasing these chemicals back into indoor air, as well as a vector from which indoor pollution can be released by laundering to wastewater systems. Among harmful indoor pollutants, aromatic amines (AAs) are particularly concerning due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, but have received limited attention in non-occupational indoor environments. We have characterized the distribution of 19 AAs between cotton, wool, and polyester textiles and air. Chamber exposure experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to quantify textile–air distributions of AAs and identify key parameters impacting the distribution. The mass-normalized textile/air distribution coefficients (<em>K</em><small>_TA</small>) of AAs for polyester, cotton, and wool range from 5.28 to 9.52 log units (L kg<small>⁻¹</small>). The findings suggest that cotton generally exhibits higher distribution coefficients than polyester and wool for most analytes. Overall, the results show a strong positive relationship between octanol–air distribution coefficients (<em>K</em><small>_OA</small>) and <em>K</em><small>_TA</small> values. The consistent uptake capacity of all tested textiles for AAs highlights the potential for textiles to play a key role in AA indoor distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1054-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00015g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminant bioaccessibility in abandoned mine tailings in Namibia changes along a climatic gradient†","authors":"Vojtěch Ettler, Tereza Křížová, Martin Mihaljevič, Petr Drahota, Martin Racek, Bohdan Kříbek, Aleš Vaněk, Vít Penížek, Tereza Zádorová, Ondra Sracek and Ben Mapani","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00060B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00060B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fine-grained dust from tailing storage facilities in abandoned sulfide-ore mining areas represents an important source of environmental contamination. Fine fractions (&lt;48 μm and &lt;10 μm) of tailings from three old mining sites situated along a climatic gradient from hot semiarid to cold desert conditions in Namibia were studied: Kombat (Cu–Pb–Zn; rainfall ∼500 mm), Oamites (Cu; ∼120 mm), Namib Lead &amp; Zinc (Pb–Zn; ∼0 mm). Multi-method mineralogical and geochemical investigations were adopted to assess the binding and gastric bioaccessibility of the metal(loid)s and to evaluate the associated human health risks. The total concentrations of contaminants in the tailings generally increased with the decreasing particle size (up to 134 mg As kg<small>⁻¹</small>, 14 900 mg Cu kg<small>⁻¹</small>, 8880 mg Pb kg<small>⁻¹</small>, 13 300 mg Zn kg<small>⁻¹</small>). The mean bioaccessible fractions varied substantially between the sites and were significantly higher for the tailings from the sites with a higher rainfall (73–82% <em>versus</em> 22%). The mineralogical composition of the tailings, reflecting the original mineralogy and the degree of the weathering process, is the main driver controlling the bioaccessibility of the metal(loid)s. In desert environments, metal(loid)s in tailings are bound in sulfides or sequestered in secondary Fe oxyhydroxides and/or Fe hydroxysulfates, all of which are insoluble in simulated gastric fluid. In contrast, tailings from areas with higher precipitation contain metal(loid)s hosted in carbonate phases (malachite, cerussite), which are highly soluble under gastric conditions. Based on the higher contaminant bioaccessibility, the vicinity of the settlement and farmlands, and a higher percentage of wind-erodible fine particles, a higher risk for human health has thus been identified for the Kombat site, where further remediation of the existing tailings storage facility is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1088-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00060b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungi as an emerging waterborne health concern: impact of treated wastewater discharge versus aerosolization†","authors":"Lama Ramadan and Moustapha Harb","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00020C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00020C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The discharge of treated wastewater effluents into river-fed irrigation canals results in a de facto form of water reuse. Waterborne fungal populations in such environments pose a unique human health concern given that opportunistic fungal pathogens can be proliferated during spray irrigation of crops. In the present study, we consider two different routes (effluent discharge <em>versus</em> bioaerosols) through which wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can impact the presence and abundance of fungal communities in irrigation canals of the Rio Grande river basin in New Mexico. Site A was selected to investigate the influence of effluent discharge from a WWTP on waterborne fungal communities in a receiving irrigation canal. Site B represented an irrigation canal that was directly adjacent to a WWTP but that receives no effluent discharge (to exemplify bioaerosolization exclusively). Sampling dates were chosen to capture variations in weather and stream flow conditions at each of the two sites. Results indicated that treated wastewater discharged into the canal had a distinct impact on fungal community composition, especially under low wind and flow conditions. When stream flow was highest, variations along the canal at Site A were minimal. The highest occurrence of pathogen-associated genera was observed at Site B under high wind conditions with an average relative abundance of 20.9 ± 13.1% (peak of 39.3%) and was attributable to bioaerosol emissions from the WWTP and a nearby livestock facility. Such genera included <em>Alternaria</em>, <em>Cladosporium</em>, and <em>Cryptococcus</em>. These findings suggest that although treated effluent discharge can directly impact irrigation canal fungal community composition, bioaerosols likely have a larger overall effect on the spread of potential fungal pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1103-1119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and risk assessment of current-use pesticides in a tropical drinking water source reservoir in Hainan Province, China†","authors":"Jun Xiang, Cheng-Zhong Fu, Rong-Qin Xu, Qi-Yuan Lu, Bin Tang, Qiao Xing, Li-Cheng Wang, Qin-Wei Hao, Ling Mo and Jing Zheng","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00676C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00676C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The agricultural sector plays a pivotal role in Hainan Province, China; therefore, the utilization of pesticides is indispensable. The current ban on traditional pesticides and ongoing replacement of current-use pesticides (CUPs) have not been accompanied by extensive research on the presence of CUPs in reservoirs, which are vital centralized sources of drinking water. In this study, 26 CUPs was investigated in a drinking water source reservoir, the surrounding watershed, and the surrounding agricultural and domestic discharge water in Hainan Province. The predominant detected CUPs in the study area were clothianidin (CLO), thiamethoxam (THM), acetamiprid (ACE), imidacloprid (IMI), and dichlorvos (DCH). Neonicotinoids (NNIs) were the primary type of pesticide contamination in the study area, with a concentration ranging from not detected (n.d.) to 755 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> (median of 71.0 ng L<small>⁻¹</small>). The upstream watersheds of the reservoir were primarily contaminated due to agricultural activities, and the highest concentration of individual CUPs, ranging from 102 to 821 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> (median of 468 ng L<small>⁻¹</small>), was found in agricultural source water. Source identification analysis revealed that the presence of CUPs in the reservoir primarily stemmed from three types of activities: the cultivation of fruit trees around the reservoir, the daily activities of residents, and the agricultural practices in the upstream watershed basin. Risk assessment indicated that DCH, IMI, and THM posed moderate or high risks to aquatic organisms, with an emphasis on the effects of NNIs. The chronic cumulative risk assessment of NNIs was conducted by the relative potency factor approach, and it indicated that infants and young children were the most vulnerable groups and exhibited heightened susceptibility. The potential exposure to NNIs through drinking water was below the recommended relative chronic reference dose, thereby posing no discernible health risks. The results of this study will support the regulation of CUPs in drinking water sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1063-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00676c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplying silicon reduces cadmium accumulation in pak choi by decreasing soil Cd bioavailability and altering the microbial community†","authors":"Rui Jing, Yao Yu, Xuerong Di, Xu Qin, Lijie Zhao, Xuefeng Liang, Yuebing Sun and Qingqing Huang","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00583J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00583J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Silicon-containing materials have been widely used in Cd-contaminated soil remediation. However, the immobilization effects of sodium silicate on Cd migration and transformation in an acidic soil–vegetable system have not been thoroughly studied. Herein, a pot experiment was performed to investigate the effects of sodium silicate application on pak choi growth, oxidative status, Cd uptake and accumulation in pak choi, soil Cd bioavailability and fractions, and soil bacterial communities. The results showed that sodium silicate application significantly increased soil pH (0.29–1.61 units) and induced the transformation of the Cd fraction from an exchangeable fraction (Exc-Cd) into an iron and manganese oxide-bound fraction (OX-Cd) and organic matter-bound fraction (OM-Cd), decreasing Cd bioavailability by 13.7–20.8% in Cd-contaminated acidic soil. As a result, sodium silicate application significantly alleviated Cd toxicity, enhanced pak choi growth, and reduced Cd concentration in roots by 23.5–89.0% and in shoots by 58.5–81.0%, with Cd concentration in the edible part at a Si application rate equal to or greater than 0.4 g Si per kg soil falling below the safety limits for Cd as defined in China's food safety standard (GB 2762-2022). In addition, sodium silicate application significantly increased soil bacterial richness (Ace index and Chao1) and diversity (Shannon and Simpson index) and altered the soil microbial structure. These findings suggested that sodium silicate has great potential as an environmentally friendly amendment to immobilize Cd-contaminated acidic soil and reduce Cd accumulation in vegetables.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1145-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00583j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting aquatic toxicity of anionic hydrocarbon and perfluorinated surfactants using membrane-water partition coefficients from coarse-grained simulations†","authors":"Andrea Gredelj, Jayne Roberts, Eoin M. Kearney, Elin L. Barrett, Nicola Haywood, David Sheffield, Geoff Hodges and Mark A. Miller","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00649F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00649F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anionic surfactants are widely used in commercial and industrial applications. For assessment of their environmental fate and effects, it is highly desirable to quantify the membrane-water partition/distribution coefficient (<em>K</em><small>_mw</small>/<em>D</em><small>_mw</small>). Here, we further develop a computational route to <em>D</em><small>_mw</small> for anionic surfactants based on coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, validating it against new and existing experimental measurements. Having parameterised molecular fragments for the coarse-grained models, the simulations are used to predict <em>D</em><small>_mw</small> for molecules where no experimental values are available. This expanded set of simulated <em>D</em><small>_mw</small> values is then used to derive QSARs for acute toxicity of mono-constituent anionic surfactants in daphnids and fish, allowing for extrapolation to similar compounds without experimental <em>D</em><small>_mw</small> values. For this study, we have selected hydrocarbon-based (HC) surfactants because of their widespread use, and perfluorinated (FC) surfactants as a challenging case study. Separate daphnid and fish QSARs demonstrate good fits, robustness and predictivity, and highlight differing toxicity relationships for HC and FC surfactants in daphnids. Overall, the combined use of simulated <em>D</em><small>_mw</small> and derived QSARs is a promising approach for ecotoxicity screening of surfactants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1131-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00649f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination of surface waters by historic landfills via groundwater plumes: ecosystem exposure and downstream mass loading†","authors":"J. W. Roy, V. R. Propp, T. Hua, S. J. Brown, C. Brinovcar, J. E. Smith and A. O. De Silva","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00612G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00612G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Many historic landfill sites have groundwater plumes that discharge to nearby surface waters. Recent research indicates that leachate of historic landfills can contain elevated concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS), but there is limited data on resulting PFAS inputs to aquatic ecosystems as might inform on this potential environmental threat. The objective of this study was to evaluate PFAS exposure in three ecological zones and PFAS mass loading downstream, over 1 year, at two historic landfill sites where landfill plumes discharge to nearby surface waters (1 pond with outlet stream, called HB site; 1 urban stream, called DC site). The three zones experienced different magnitudes and patterns of PFAS concentration exposure (<em>i.e.</em>, contaminant presence in the zone). The endobenthic zone of the sediments receiving the landfill plumes experienced the highest concentrations (∑PFAS &gt;4000 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> (HB) and &gt;20 000 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> (DC)), often year-round and over a substantial area at each site. Dilution of landfill PFAS in surface waters was observed though concentrations were still elevated (∑PFAS: &gt;120 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> (HB) and &gt;60 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> (DC)), with evidence of year-round pelagic zone exposure. PFAS concentrations in the epibenthic zones could vary between that of the endobenthic and pelagic zones, sometimes with daily, event-based, and longer-term patterns. Together these findings suggest historic landfill plumes can lead to substantial PFAS exposure to a variety of aquatic life. Downstream PFAS mass loadings during base flows were relatively small individually (15 (HB) and 36 (DC) g per year (∑PFAS)); however, collective loadings from the numerous historic landfills in a watershed could contribute to increasing PFAS concentrations of connected water bodies, with implications for ecological health, drinking water sources, and fisheries.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 1074-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00612g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}