Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Reduced greenhouse gas emissions from particulate organic matter degradation in iron-enriched sediments.","authors":"Giulia Kommana, Michael Hupfer, Jason Nicholas Woodhouse, Hans-Peter Grossart, Tobias Goldhammer","doi":"10.1039/d4em00185k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00185k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron (Fe) plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients in aquatic systems. Reactive Fe phases can interact with organic carbon and facilitate the removal of carbon from the biogeochemical cycle; however, this important ecosystem function is often strongly controlled by Fe availability. Due to pollution from lignite mining in the Lusatian province in Northeast Germany, large amounts of iron and sulfate are released into the fluvial-lacustrine system of the Spree River. It was hypothesized that the input of freshly precipitated iron oxyhydroxides from mining areas (<i>e.g.</i>, ferrihydrite) alter the biodegradation of particulate organic matter (POM) in downstream lacustrine sediments. To investigate the Fe-dependent degradation of POM, slurries mimicking iron-polluted sediments (85 mg Fe per g, 116 mg Fe per g, and 149 mg Fe per g dry weight) were incubated with plankton or leaf POM under anoxic and oxic headspace conditions, and CO₂ and CH₄ emissions, water chemistry, and stable isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon were measured. The experiments revealed that (i) with an increasing Fe content, the CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were gradually reduced, (ii) CO₂ and CH₄ production was higher during plankton degradation than during leaf decomposition, and (iii) under oxic conditions, CO₂ production was higher and CH₄ production was lower when compared to the treatments under anoxic conditions. These findings demonstrate that while benthic mineralization of fresh POM typically releases greenhouse gases into the water column, the availability of iron oxyhydroxides can contribute to reduced greenhouse gas emissions from sediments. This is of considerable relevance for future carbon budgets of similar mining-affected, iron-polluted fluvial-lacustrine river systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of microplastics in urban rivers of Eastern China in summer: abundance, characteristics and ecological risk assessment.","authors":"Luming Wang, Juan Huang, Ming Chen, Hui Jin, Yufeng Wu, Xuan Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4em00153b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00153b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly becoming recognized as worldwide environmental contaminants, exerting a substantial impact on the safety of city rivers. This study explored the abundance and characteristics of MPs in summer 2023, including June and August, representing plum rain and typhoon rain seasons. The Qinhuai River exhibits more spatial fluctuations in six sampling sites with average concentrations of 470 ± 119.56 items per L, and the abundance increases with the water flows in the river. Downstream had the highest MP abundance of 484 ± 121.34 items per L, which were positive with the concentration of suspended solids (SS). Transparent and green MPs were more even in the sampling sites, and the shapes of fragments were predominant in the summer. Interestingly, the proportion of fiber and small-sized (38-75 μm) microplastics was predominant in the plum rain seasons, while the percentage of large-sized (270-5000 μm) and polymers of PE occurred in the typhoon rain seasons. The index of hazard scores of plastic polymers (<i>H</i>) revealed that the studied river had a severe pollution level (IV), which was highly influenced by PVC and PC. Besides, the pollution load index PLI value of different rain seasons was slightly polluted (I), while the PLI in autumn rain seasons was relatively higher than that in other seasons due to the higher variance of MPs. Therefore, the ecological risk of microplastics of PVC and PC in the Qinhuai River during varying seasons should be seriously considered. Our research is expected to provide valuable assistance in improving the management of urban rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: nontargeted screening of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in endangered beluga whales from the St. Lawrence Estuary: beyond legacy contaminants.","authors":"Holly Barrett, Jianxian Sun, Yuhao Chen, Diwen Yang, Jonathan Verreault, Magali Houde, Frank Wania, Hui Peng","doi":"10.1039/d4em00243a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00243a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elevated concentrations of organohalogen contaminants in the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) belugas have prompted the hypothesis that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity may be a contributor towards their potential adverse effects. While indirect associations between AhR and contaminant levels have been reported in SLE beluga tissues, AhR activity was never directly measured. Using bioassays and nontargeted analysis, this study contrasted AhR activity and agonist profiles between pooled tissue extracts of endangered SLE and non-threatened Arctic belugas. Tissue extracts of SLE belugas exhibited significantly higher overall AhR activity than that of Arctic belugas, with a 2000s SLE beluga liver extract exerting significantly higher activity than blubber extracts of SLE and Arctic belugas from the same time period. Contrary to our expectations, well-known AhR agonists detected by nontargeted analysis, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were only minor contributors to the observed AhR activity. Instead, Tox21 suspect screening identified more polar chemicals, such as dyes and natural indoles, as potential contributors. Notably, the natural product bromoindole was selectively detected in SLE beluga liver at high abundance and was further confirmed as an AhR agonist. These findings highlighted the significance of the AhR-mediated toxicity pathway in belugas and underscored the importance of novel AhR agonists, particularly polar compounds, in its induction.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubble-mediated generation of airborne nanoplastic particles.","authors":"Eva Rosendal Kjærgaard, Freja Hasager, Sarah Suda Petters, Marianne Glasius, Merete Bilde","doi":"10.1039/d4em00124a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00124a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro- and nanoplastic particles have been detected in most environmental compartments. The presence of microplastics in the remote marine atmosphere and close to large lakes suggests bubble mediated water-air transfer as a source of airborne microplastics, however, quantitative estimates of plastic emission from surface waters remain uncertain. In this work, we elucidate the emission of submicron polystyrene nanospheres by bubble bursting in a laboratory setting from low salinity waters (salinity 0-1.0 g kg^-1), polystyrene particle diameter (103, 147 and 269 nm), aqueous particle number concentrations in the range 4 × 10⁷-2 × 10⁹ cm^-3, and bubble formation rate (0.88-3.35 L min^-1 of air). Production of polystyrene aerosols was demonstrated using a scanning mobility particle sizer and confirmed by analysis of filter samples using pyrolysis gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We show that production of polystyrene aerosol particles scales linearly with the number concentration of plastic particles in the water. Our results suggest that small amounts (0.01 g kg^-1) of salt increase polystyrene particle production. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study of bubble mediated water-air transfer of plastic particles as small as 100 nm.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141416643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic study of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide radicals reacting with sulphur dioxide and their global-scale impact on sulphate formation.","authors":"Hiroo Hata, Kenichi Tonokura","doi":"10.1039/d4em00232f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00232f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isoprene is the most relevant volatile organic compound emitted during the biosynthesis of metabolism processes. The oxidation of isoprene by a hydroxy radical (OH) is one of the main consumption schemes that generate six isomers of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide radicals (ISOPOOs). In this study, the rate constants of ISOPOOs + sulphur dioxide (SO₂) reactions that eventually generate sulphur trioxide (SO₃), the precursor of sulphate aerosol (SO₄^2-(p)), are determined using microcanonical kinetic theories coupled with molecular structures and energies estimated by quantum chemical calculations. The results show that the reaction rates range from 10^-27 to 10^-20 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1, depending on the atmospheric temperature and structure of the six ISOPOO isomers. The effect of SO₃ formation from SO₂ oxidation by ISOPOOs on the atmosphere is evaluated by a global chemical transport model, along with the rate constants obtained from microcanonical kinetic theories. The results show that SO₃ formation is enhanced in regions with high SO₂ or low nitrogen oxide (NO), such as China, the Middle East, and Amazon rainforests. However, the production rates of SO₃ formation by ISOPOOs + SO₂ reactions are eight orders of magnitude lower than that from the OH + SO₂ reaction. This is indicative of SO₄^2-(p) formation from the direct oxidation of SO₂ by ISOPOOs, which is almost negligible in the atmosphere. The results of this study entail a detailed analysis of SO₃ formation from gas-phase reactions of isoprene-derived products.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141295144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate esters uptake, translocation and accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Impacts of lipid transporters and chemical properties","authors":"Wenxuan Wang, Haiou Wang, Xiaoyu Ren, Wenxiao Zhang, Qian Li","doi":"10.1039/d4em00132j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00132j","url":null,"abstract":"To explore key factors involving organophosphate esters (OPEs) uptake, translocation and accumulation, computer simulation analysis and hydroponic experiment were executed. The lipid transporters with stocky-like active (SAC) cavities usually owned stronger binding affinities with OPEs. The binding affinity and gene expression of lipid transporters and log Kow of OPEs could charge to OPEs’ uptake, translocation and accumulation, but their role existed in tissue specificity. The effect of gene expression and binding affinity were over log Kow in roots, and the result was contrary in shoots. Transporters OsTIL and OsLTPL1 could play key roles in transporter-mediated OPEs uptake, translocation and accumulation in roots and shoots. OsMLP could be involved in the bidirected vertical translocation of OPEs. OsLTP2 and OsLTP4 mainly acted as a transporter of OPEs in roots.","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular composition of fresh and aged aerosols from residential wood combustion and gasoline car with modern emission mitigation technology.","authors":"Eric Schneider, Hendryk Czech, Anni Hartikainen, Helly J Hansen, Nadine Gawlitta, Mika Ihalainen, Pasi Yli-Pirilä, Markus Somero, Miika Kortelainen, Juho Louhisalmi, Jürgen Orasche, Zheng Fang, Yinon Rudich, Olli Sippula, Christopher P Rüger, Ralf Zimmermann","doi":"10.1039/d4em00106k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00106k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emissions from road traffic and residential heating contribute to urban air pollution. Advances in emission reduction technologies may alter the composition of emissions and affect their fate during atmospheric processing. Here, emissions of a gasoline car and a wood stove, both equipped with modern emission mitigation technology, were photochemically aged in an oxidation flow reactor to the equivalent of one to five days of photochemical aging. Fresh and aged exhausts were analyzed by ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. The gasoline car equipped with a three-way catalyst and a gasoline particle filter emitted minor primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5), but aging led to formation of particulate low-volatile, oxygenated and highly nitrogen-containing compounds, formed from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and gases incl. NO_x, SO₂, and NH₃. Reduction of the particle concentration was also observed for the application of an electrostatic precipitator with residential wood combustion but with no significant effect on the chemical composition of PM2.5. Comparing the effect of short and medium photochemical exposures on PM2.5 of both emission sources indicates a similar trend for formation of new organic compounds with increased carbon oxidation state and nitrogen content. The overall bulk compositions of the studied emission exhausts became more similar by aging, with many newly formed elemental compositions being shared. However, the presence of particulate matter in wood combustion results in differences in the molecular properties of secondary particles, as some compounds were preserved during aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Burning and Photochemical Degradation of Macondo Surrogate Oil on its Composition and Toxicity","authors":"Pamela P Benz, Phoebe Zito, Ed Osborn, Aleksandar I. Goranov, Patrick Hatcher, Matthew D Seivert, Wade H. Jeffrey","doi":"10.1039/d4em00023d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00023d","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum products in the environment can produce significant toxicity through photochemically driven processes. Burning surface oil and photochemical degradation were two mechanisms for oil removal after the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. After burning, residual oil remains in the environment and may undergo further weathering, a poorly understood fate. Although photochemistry was a major degradation pathway of the DWH oil, its effect on burned oil residue in the environment is under studied. Here, we ignited Macondo surrogate crude oil and allowed it to burn to exhaustion. Water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of the burn residue were created in full sunlight to determine the effects of photochemical weathering on the burned oil residue. Our findings show that increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations (DOC) for the light unburned and light burned after sunlight exposure positively correlated to decreased microbial growth and production inhibition (i.e. more toxic) when compared to the dark controls. Optical and molecular analytical techniques were used to identify the classes of compounds contributing to the toxicity in the dark and light burned and dark and light unburned WAFs. After light exposure, the optical composition between the light unburned and light burned differed significantly (p&lt; 0.05), revealing key fluorescence signatures commonly identified as crude oil degradation products. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis showed more condensed aromatic, reduced oxygenated compounds present in the light burned than in the light unburned. FT-ICR MS also showed an increase in the percent relative abundance of carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) like compounds in the light burned compared to light unburned. The increase in CRAM suggests that the composition of the light burned is more photorefractory, i.e., reduced, explaining the residual toxicity observed in microbial activity. Overall, these data indicate burning removes some but not all toxic compounds, leaving behind compounds which retain considerable toxicity. This study shows that burn oil residues are photolabile breaking down further into complex reduced compounds.","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of acyclic terpenes in an oxidation flow reactor.","authors":"Shan Gu, Farzaneh Khalaj, Veronique Perraud, Celia L Faiola","doi":"10.1039/d4em00063c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00063c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One major challenge in predicting secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere is incomplete representation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted from plants, particularly those that are emitted as a result of stress - a condition that is becoming more frequent in a rapidly changing climate. One of the most common types of BVOCs emitted by plants in response to environmental stress are acyclic terpenes. In this work, SOA is generated from the photooxidation of acyclic terpenes in an oxidation flow reactor and compared to SOA production from a reference cyclic terpene - α-pinene. The acyclic terpenes used as SOA precursors included β-myrcene, β-ocimene, and linalool. Results showed that oxidation of all acyclic terpenes had lower SOA yields measured after 4 days photochemical age, in comparison to α-pinene. However, there was also evidence that the condensed organic products that formed, while a smaller amount overall, had a higher oligomeric content. In particular, β-ocimene SOA had higher oligomeric content than all the other chemical systems studied. SOA composition data from ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) was combined with mechanistic modeling using the Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere (GECKO-A) to explore chemical mechanisms that could lead to this oligomer formation. Calculations based on composition data suggested that β-ocimene SOA was more viscous with a higher glass transition temperature than other SOA generated from acyclic terpene oxidation. This was attributed to a higher oligomeric content compared to other SOA systems studied. These results contribute to novel chemical insights about SOA formation from acyclic terpenes and relevant chemistry processes, highlighting the importance of improving underrepresented biogenic SOA formation in chemical transport models.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of nTiO₂ and GO (graphene oxide), and their combinations, on freshwater <i>Chlorella</i> sp.: a comparative study in lake water and BG-11 media.","authors":"Camil Rex M, Abhrajit Debroy, Amitava Mukherjee","doi":"10.1039/d4em00041b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em00041b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO₂) and graphene oxide (GO) are extensively used nanomaterials in various products and applications. Freshwater ecosystems are a crucial sink for these pollutants, posing severe threats to aquatic organisms. Although multiple studies have investigated the pristine toxicity of nTiO₂ and GO in freshwater organisms, the combined toxicity of these materials remains unexplored. Interaction media is a crucial factor in evaluating toxicity nanomaterial toxicity towards algae. In this study, we have investigated the comparative effect of sterilized and filtered freshwater and BG-11 medium on the pristine and combined toxicity of nTiO₂ and GO on freshwater algae <i>Chlorella</i> sp. Results indicated that the combination of nTiO₂ and GO showed more toxicity when compared to their respective pristine forms. This could be due to the additive effect exhibited by nTiO₂ and GO on <i>Chlorella</i> sp. The enhanced growth inhibition for the combined toxicity was in the order of 1 mg L^-1 nTiO₂ + 1 mg L^-1 GO > 1 mg L^-1 nTiO₂ + 0.1 mg L^-1 GO > 0.1 mg L^-1 nTiO₂ + 1 mg L^-1 GO > 0.1 mg L^-1 nTiO₂ + 0.1 mg L^-1 GO. All test groups that interacted in BG-11 media exhibited less toxicity when compared to corresponding groups in the lake water medium. This could be attributed to the cushioning effect of BG-11 medium, providing supplementary nutrition to the algal cells. This signifies that the environmentally relevant conditions could be more detrimental than the laboratory conditions. This study elucidates valuable insights into the potential detrimental effects associated with the combination of nTiO₂ and GO on freshwater algae. Furthermore, we have evaluated the growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and photosynthetic activity of <i>Chlorella</i> sp. in both environmentally relevant interaction medium and well-defined culture medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}