Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts in 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/D4EM90024C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM90024C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of <em>Environmental Science: Processes &amp; Impacts</em>’ reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <em>Environmental Science: Processes &amp; Impacts</em> in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1267-1267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of toxic effects of thallium on the earthworm Eisenia fetida using the biomarker response index†","authors":"Shuai Li, Zhifeng Wang, Nan Gao, Xiaoyu Niu, Benteng Zhu, Lusheng Xu and Weina Xue","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00253A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00253A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Thallium (Tl), though not essential for biological systems, is widely used in industrial activities, resulting in soil pollution and adverse effects on soil biota. Systematic toxicological studies on Tl, especially concerning soil organisms, are relatively rare. This research evaluates the toxic effects of Tl on earthworms by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and by assessing the expression of functional genes, such as <em>heat shock protein 70</em> (<em>Hsp70</em>), <em>metallothionein</em> (<em>MT</em>), and <em>annetocin</em> (<em>ANN</em>). Additionally, this study employs the Biomarker Response Index (BRI) and two-way ANOVA to comprehensively assess the cumulative toxicity of Tl in earthworms. The findings indicate that Tl exposure significantly exacerbates oxidative stress and cellular damage in earthworms, particularly under conditions of high concentration and prolonged exposure. BRI results demonstrate a continuous decline in the physiological state of earthworms with increasing Tl concentration and exposure duration. Two-way ANOVA reveals significant dose-responsive increases in SOD and CAT activities, as well as in <em>ANN</em> gene expression. Apart from GST activity, other biomarkers significantly increased over time, and the changes in biomarkers such as SOD, CAT, MDA, and 8-OHdG were significantly influenced by dose and time. LSD <em>post hoc</em> tests show significant effects of dose, time, and their interactions on all biomarkers except for GST. These findings are valuable for gaining a deeper understanding of the ecological risks of Tl in soil environments and its potential threats to soil biota, aiding in the management of ecological risks associated with Tl-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1405-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141557397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: preferential adsorption and coprecipitation of permafrost organic matter with poorly crystalline iron minerals†","authors":"Eva Voggenreiter, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Laurel ThomasArrigo, Casey Bryce, Andreas Kappler and Prachi Joshi","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00241E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00241E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Future permafrost thaw will likely lead to substantial release of greenhouse gases due to thawing of previously unavailable organic carbon (OC). Accurate predictions of this release are limited by poor knowledge of the bioavailability of mobilized OC during thaw. Organic carbon bioavailability decreases due to adsorption to, or coprecipitation with, poorly crystalline ferric iron (Fe(<small>III</small>)) (oxyhydr)oxide minerals but the maximum binding extent and binding selectivity of permafrost OC to these minerals is unknown. We therefore utilized water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from soils across a permafrost thaw gradient to quantify adsorption and coprecipitation processes with poorly crystalline Fe(<small>III</small>) (oxyhydr)oxides. We found that the maximum adsorption capacity of WEOM from intact and partly thawed permafrost soils was similar (204 and 226 mg C g<small>⁻¹</small> ferrihydrite, respectively) but decreased to 81 mg C g<small>⁻¹</small> ferrihydrite for WEOM from the fully thawed site. In comparison, coprecipitation of WEOM from intact and partly thawed soils with Fe immobilized up to 925 and 1532 mg C g<small>⁻¹</small> Fe respectively due to formation of precipitated Fe(<small>III</small>)–OC phases. Analysis of the OC composition before and after adsorption/coprecipitation revealed that high molecular weight, oxygen-rich, carboxylic- and aromatic-rich OC was preferentially bound to Fe(<small>III</small>) minerals relative to low molecular weight, aliphatic-rich compounds which may be more bioavailable. This selective binding effect was stronger after adsorption than coprecipitation. Our results suggest that OC binding by Fe(<small>III</small>) (oxyhydr)oxides sharply decreases under fully thawed conditions and that small, aliphatic OC molecules that may be readily bioavailable are less protected across all thaw stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1322-1335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/em/d4em00241e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141573388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porphyrin metabolism and carbon fixation response of Skeletonema costatum at different growth phases to mixed emerging PFASs at environmental concentrations†","authors":"Xiaofeng Li, Yongzheng Ma, Ying Zhang, Xiaohan Zhang, Hongyu Li, Yueling Sun and Zhiguang Niu","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00137K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00137K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), especially as emerging compounds, have been widely detected in coastal seawater. However, the awareness of the interaction between PFASs at environmental concentrations and marine diatoms is still limited. In this study, <em>Skeletonema costatum</em> was exposed to three co-existing PFASs, namely hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), 6 : 2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFAES), and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS) (15–300 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> in total), for 14 days. In the 300 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> test group, the significant down-regulation of chlorophyllide a in porphyrin metabolism, light-harvesting capacity and carbon fixation were the main inhibitory mechanisms of photosynthesis by emerging PFASs at the 14th day compared to the 8th day, which indicated that they may have a shading effect on <em>S. costatum</em>. Additionally, mixed PFASs could also activate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase by up-regulating gene <em>gp91</em> and down-regulating genes <em>CaM4</em> and <em>NDPK2</em> to generate excessive ROS. This resulted in a decrease in the algal biomass, which would further weaken the primary productivity of <em>S. costatum</em>. Our findings illustrated that mixed emerging PFASs at environmental concentrations may interfere with the carbon balance of marine diatoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 9","pages":" 1465-1475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-aging of brominated epoxy microplastics in water under simulated solar irradiation†","authors":"Xuefeng Hu, Hao Xie, Yujie Li and Chao Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00208C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00208C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics have become an increasingly concerning pollutant in aquatic environments, and photodegradation is their main degradation pathway in water. Gaining insight into the transformation process of microplastics will enhance our understanding of their behavior and destiny in natural environments. This paper studied the aging process of BER microplastics in aquatic environments under simulated sunlight and investigated the changes in the physical and chemical properties of microplastics and the changes in the leachate. During the photodegradation process, BER-MPs underwent extensive oxidation and reduction in particle size, and the originally smooth surface developed numerous voids, accompanied by yellowing. Introduction of O atoms in the molecular chains increased their hydrophilicity, resulting in the polymer chains breaking away from the plastic particles and dissolving in water. Also, once BER was excited by light, environmentally persistent free radicals are produced on its surface. Moreover, the breaking of C–Br bonds occurred during the photodegradation process of BER-MPs, which suggested that tetrabromobisphenol A would be transformed during the photoaging process of BER even if it was covalently bound to BER.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1380-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A CFD study on the effect of portable air cleaner placement on airborne infection control in a classroom†","authors":"Gen Pei, Parham Azimi, Donghyun Rim and Joseph G. Allen","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00114A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00114A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The utilization of portable air cleaners (PACs) is a recommended supplemental approach to help remove airborne pathogens and mitigate disease transmission in learning environments. To improve PAC effectiveness, science-based information is needed to optimize their implementation strategies such as the deployment location, height, and number of PACs. In this study, we developed a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to assess how PACs perform in occupied classrooms equipped with displacement and mixing ventilation systems. The results show that PACs with a flow rate of 2.6 h<small>⁻¹</small> reduce the mean aerosol intake of all students by up to 66%. A key benefit of using PACs is to facilitate air mixing and movement in indoor environments with inadequate ventilation, thereby effectively reducing high aerosol concentrations near the infector. Furthermore, our results highlight the impact of PAC location on its performance. PACs achieve the best effectiveness when placed closed to the infector (within a distance &lt;3 m). In the absence of knowing who is infected, deploying a PAC at the center of the room is recommended. Moreover, adjusting PAC flow discharge height to the breathing height of occupants (<em>e.g.</em>, 0.9–1.2 m for seated people) can enhance their effectiveness in spaces with poor air mixing.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 9","pages":" 1476-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insight into the spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the Minjiang and Tuojiang rivers: perspective of watershed landscape patterns†","authors":"Weike Zhao, Peilin Li and Bo Yang","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00052H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00052H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study evaluated the pollution characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological risks of eight endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the Minjiang and Tuojiang rivers. Utilizing 3S technology (ArcGIS, remote sensing, GPS) and Fragstats, the research calculated eight landscape pattern indices related to land use types along the Minjiang river and established correlations between landscape factors and EDC distribution through stepwise multiple regression. The results indicated that bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) were the most concerning EDCs, with detection frequencies of 97–100% and peak concentrations up to 63.35 ng L<small>⁻¹</small>, primarily located in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang river and the upper reaches of the Tuojiang river. There was a significant correlation between the spatial distribution of pollutants and landscape patterns, where increased fragmentation, a higher number of patches, and complex patch shapes within a 10-kilometer buffer zone were associated with elevated levels of river pollution. By integrating four classical mathematical models to fit curves for acute and chronic toxicity data of BPA and NP, the findings suggested that BPA posed a higher ecological risk. This interdisciplinary research provided essential theoretical insights for investigating river pollution and its influencing factors, offering a new perspective on simultaneous river pollution control, urban functional zoning, and adjustment of watershed landscape spatial patterns from an urban planning standpoint.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1360-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and cognitive performance in older adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2011–2014†","authors":"Zerong Guan, Xueqiong Weng, Ligang Zhang and Peiran Feng","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00290C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00290C","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Background</em>: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are classified as neurotoxins, but the relationship between exposure to PAHs and cognition in adults is unclear, and their non-linear and mixed exposure association hasn't been explored. <em>Objective</em>: to evaluate the non-linear and joint association between co-exposure to PAHs and multiple cognitive tests in U.S. older people. <em>Methods</em>: restricted cubic spline (RCS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were conducted to evaluate the non-linear and mixed exposure association, based on the cross-sectional data from NHANES 2011–2014: 772 participants over 60 years old, 4 cognitive test scores, including the Immediate Recall Test (IRT), Delayed Recall Test (DRT), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST), and 5 urinary PAH metabolites. <em>Results</em>: a V-shaped nonlinear relationship was found between 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-FLUO), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FLUO), and DRT. Negative trends between mixed PAH exposure and IRT, DRT, and DSST scores were observed. 2-FLUO contributed the most to the negative association of multiple PAHs with IRT and DRT scores and 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP) played the most important role in the decreasing relationship between mixed PAH exposure and DSST scores. <em>Conclusion</em>: our study suggested that PAH exposure in the U.S. elderly might be related to their poor performances in IRT, DRT and DSST. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the association.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1348-1359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141490041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chemical assessment of surfaces and air (CASA) study: using chemical and physical perturbations in a test house to investigate indoor processes.","authors":"Delphine K Farmer, Marina E Vance, Dustin Poppendieck, Jon Abbatt, Michael R Alves, Karen C Dannemiller, Cholaphan Deeleepojananan, Jenna Ditto, Brian Dougherty, Olivia R Farinas, Allen H Goldstein, Vicki H Grassian, Han Huynh, Deborah Kim, Jon C King, Jesse Kroll, Jienan Li, Michael F Link, Liora Mael, Kathryn Mayer, Andrew B Martin, Glenn Morrison, Rachel O'Brien, Shubhrangshu Pandit, Barbara J Turpin, Marc Webb, Jie Yu, Stephen M Zimmerman","doi":"10.1039/d4em00209a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4em00209a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chemical Assessment of Surfaces and Air (CASA) study aimed to understand how chemicals transform in the indoor environment using perturbations (<i>e.g.</i>, cooking, cleaning) or additions of indoor and outdoor pollutants in a well-controlled test house. Chemical additions ranged from individual compounds (<i>e.g.</i>, gaseous ammonia or ozone) to more complex mixtures (<i>e.g.</i>, a wildfire smoke proxy and a commercial pesticide). Physical perturbations included varying temperature, ventilation rates, and relative humidity. The objectives for CASA included understanding (i) how outdoor air pollution impacts indoor air chemistry, (ii) how wildfire smoke transports and transforms indoors, (iii) how gases and particles interact with building surfaces, and (iv) how indoor environmental conditions impact indoor chemistry. Further, the combined measurements under unperturbed and experimental conditions enable investigation of mitigation strategies following outdoor and indoor air pollution events. A comprehensive suite of instruments measured different chemical components in the gas, particle, and surface phases throughout the study. We provide an overview of the test house, instrumentation, experimental design, and initial observations - including the role of humidity in controlling the air concentrations of many semi-volatile organic compounds, the potential for ozone to generate indoor nitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅), the differences in microbial composition between the test house and other occupied buildings, and the complexity of deposited particles and gases on different indoor surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria for distinguishing heterogeneous from homogeneous conditions for aromatic diisocyanates in water†","authors":"Patrick M. Plehiers, Hans-Georg Pirkl, Lauren Ward and Christian Bögi","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00200H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00200H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Environmental fate and toxicity testing typically requires knowledge of the water solubility of the test substances. Determining the solubility of aromatic diisocyanates in water poses great challenges because of their hydrophobic nature and water-reactivity. The reactive dissolution process is dynamic and the establishment of a steady-state equilibrium cannot readily be observed. In preparation of experimental work, computer simulation was used to derive and evaluate criteria that enable distinguishing homogeneous (<em>i.e.</em>, substances would be fully dissolved in water) from heterogeneous (<em>i.e.</em>, a separate organic phase would be present) conditions. The simulation utilized available kinetic information and models representing the main physical and chemical processes taking place. It was found that the transition to heterogeneous conditions (<em>i.e.</em>, the exceedance of the solubility limit with increasing loading) can be identified by observing either a rapid decline in ultimate yield of the diamine hydrolysis product from near-stoichiometric to much lower values, or a decrease in rate of formation of the diamine hydrolysis product relative to its ultimate yield. The latter criterion is expected to be the more powerful indicator. These criteria can be used in future work to define and interpret an experimental program for determining solubility limits for aromatic diisocyanates or other poorly-soluble, water-reactive substances.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1373-1379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}