Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Experimental assessment of low temperature plasma devices for bacterial aerosol inactivation in the air duct of HVAC systems","authors":"Yang Lv, Xiaodong Wang, Beibei Wang and Wenjie Yuan","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00158C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00158C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In light of growing concerns about indoor air quality and the transmission of pathogens, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of low temperature plasma (LTP) devices in inactivating bacterial aerosols in the air duct of HVAC systems, exploring methods to enhance air purification efficiency. This research employed experimental methods to explore the deactivation effects of LTP on common bacteria such as <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, focusing on the role of air parameters such as the airflow rate, relative humidity, and temperature in influencing the device's performance. Notably, the study determined that an operational voltage of 3000 V for the LTP device, combined with conditions of low airflow, low humidity, and high temperature, significantly enhances the inactivation of bacterial aerosols, achieving an 82% inactivation rate at a negative ion concentration of 2.4 × 10<small>¹¹</small> ions per m<small>³</small> and a wind speed of 3 m s<small>⁻¹</small>. Despite the generation of ozone and ultraviolet light as by-products, their concentrations were found to be within safe limits for human exposure. In addition, this study identified an effective inactivation range, alongside an optimal arrangement for the airflow direction within ducts, to maximize the sterilization efficiency of the LTP device. Given these promising results, the study advocates for the integration of LTP technology into the air duct of HVAC systems of public buildings to improve air quality and reduce the risk of airborne disease transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 10","pages":" 1836-1846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal diversity and key functional gene abundance in Iowa bioretention cells: implications for stormwater remediation potential†","authors":"Erica A. Wiener, Jessica M. Ewald and Gregory H. LeFevre","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00275J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00275J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Stormwater bioretention cells are green stormwater infrastructure systems that can help mitigate flooding and remove contaminants. Plants and bacteria improve nutrient removal and degrade organic contaminants; however, the roles of fungi in bioretention cells are less known. Although mycorrhizal fungi aid in plant growth/improve nutrient uptake, there is a notable lack of research investigating fungal diversity in bioretention cells. Other types of fungi could benefit bioretention cells (<em>e.g.</em>, white rot fungi degrade recalcitrant contaminants). This study addresses the knowledge gap of fungal function and diversity within stormwater bioretention cells. We collected multiple soil samples from 27 different bioretention cells in temperate-climate eastern Iowa USA, characterized soil physicochemical parameters, sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon to identify fungal taxa from extracted DNA, and measured functional gene abundances for two fungal laccases (<em>Cu1</em>, <em>Cu1A</em>) and a fungal nitrite reductase gene (<em>nirKf</em>). Fungal biodegradation functional genes were present in bioretention soils (mean copies per g: 7.4 × 10<small>⁵</small><em>nirKf</em>, 3.2 × 10<small>⁶</small><em>Cu1</em>, 4.0 × 10<small>⁸</small><em>Cu1A</em>), with abundance of fungal laccase and fungal nitrite reductase genes significantly positively correlated with soil pH and organic matter (Pearson's <em>R</em>: &gt;0.39; rho &lt; 0.05). PERMANOVA analysis determined soil characteristics were not significant explanatory variables for community composition (beta diversity). In contrast, planting specifications significantly impacted fungal diversity; the presence/absence of a few planting types and predominant vegetation type in the cell explained 89% of variation in fungal diversity. These findings further emphasize the importance of plants and media as key design parameters for bioretention cells, with implications for fungal bioremediation of captured stormwater contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 10","pages":" 1796-1810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/em/d4em00275j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: in-depth chemical profiling of tire and artificial turf crumb rubber: aging, transformation products, and transport pathways†","authors":"Madison H. McMinn, Ximin Hu, Katherine Poisson, Phillip Berger, Paola Pimentel, Xinwen Zhang, Pranali Ashara, Ella L. Greenfield, Jessica Eig and Zhenyu Tian","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00326H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00326H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Crumb rubber generated from end-of-life tires (ELTs) poses a threat to environmental and human health based on its widespread use. Of particular concern is the use of ELT crumb rubber as infill for artificial turf fields, as people are unknowingly exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals when playing on these fields. Additionally, there is concern regarding transport of rubber-related chemicals from artificial turf into the environment. However, existing knowledge does not fully elucidate the chemical profile, transformation products, and transport pathways of artificial turf crumb rubber across different ages. To address these knowledge gaps, we utilized a multi-faceted approach that consisted of targeted quantitation, chemical profiling, and suspect screening <em>via</em> ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). We collected and processed 3 tire and 11 artificial turf crumb rubber samples <em>via</em> solvent extraction, leaching, and a bioaccessibility-based extraction. Nineteen rubber-derived chemicals were quantified using parallel reaction monitoring and isotope dilution techniques. In solvent extracts, the most abundant analytes were 1,3-diphenylguanidine (0.18–1200 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>), <em>N</em>-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>′-phenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (6PPD, 0.16–720 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (0.47–140 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>), and benzothiazole (0.84–150 μg g<small>⁻¹</small>). Chemical profiling assessed changes in sample diversity, abundance, polarity, and molecular mass. Suspect screening identified 81 compounds with different confidence levels (16 at level 1, 53 with level 2, 7 at level 3, and 5 at level 4). The formation rate of transformation products and clustering analysis results identified time-based trends in artificial turf field samples. We found that the first two years of aging may be critical for the potential environmental impact of artificial turf fields. Our analysis provides insight into the chemical complexity of artificial turf crumb rubber samples ranging from 0–14 years in age.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 10","pages":" 1703-1715"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/em/d4em00326h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142034564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion of rigid plastics in turbid (sandy) water: quantitative assessment for marine environments and formation of microplastics†","authors":"Ali Al-Darraji, Ibukun Oluwoye, Christopher Lagat, Shuhei Tanaka and Ahmed Barifcani","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00122B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00122B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Mechanical degradation (erosion) of plastics in the marine environment has been reported in many literature studies but without quantitative information. This type of degradation is crucial as it accounts for most of the initial microplastic products, in marine environments (<em>e.g.</em>, rivers and oceans). Here, we quantify the erosion of plastics by water-borne sediments under typical perpendicular water velocities and sand loads of turbid rivers and coastal oceans. Polypropylene (PP) shows the highest response to water-borne erosion, with a surface degradation rate of 5160 μm per year (4.44 mg per mm<small>²</small> per year), compared with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a degradation rate of 1874 μm per year (1.79 mg per mm<small>²</small> per year), resulting in the formation of microplastics (MPs). The rate of formation of such microplastic particles (&gt;10 μm), as characterised by a laser direct infrared (LDIR) chemical imaging system, amounts to 669 particles per mm<small>²</small> per year for PP and 187 particles per mm<small>²</small> per year for HDPE, exhibiting average particle sizes of 60 μm and 23 μm in the same order. Furthermore, surface microscopy provided valuable insights into the dominant erosion mechanisms, revealing three distinct zones and the surface features reveal the brittle erosion behaviours. These results will enable a better assessment of degradation and lifetime prediction of plastics in turbid rivers and coastal oceans, allowing precise estimation of the rate of formation of MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 10","pages":" 1847-1858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for <i>Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts</i> in 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/d4em90024c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4em90024c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of <i>Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts</i>' reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <i>Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts</i> in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":"26 8","pages":"1267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between traffic-related air pollution and allergic rhinitis outpatient visits in three cities of Gansu Province†","authors":"Hongran Ma, Furong Qu, Jiyuan Dong and Jiancheng Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00234B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00234B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Emerging evidence indicates an increasing prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), potentially linked to air quality. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) and outpatient visits for AR. Daily outpatient data for AR, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological data were collected from January 2018 to December 2020 in Dingxi, Longnan, and Tianshui. Utilizing a Quasi-Poisson distribution, a generalized additive model (GAM) was employed in conjunction with distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) to explore the association and lag effects of TRAPs on AR outpatient visits across the three cities. Stratified analyses based on gender, age, and season were conducted. A total of 11 106 outpatient visits for AR were recorded in the three cities. For an increase of 10 μg m<small>⁻³</small> in PM<small>_2.5</small>, the effect estimates in Dingxi, Longnan, and Tianshui reached their maximum at lag04, lag06, and lag07, respectively, with relative risk (RR) values of 4.696 (95% CI: 1.890, 11.614), 2.842 (95% CI: 2.102, 4.922), and 1.102 (95% CI: 1.066, 1.140). For NO<small>₂</small>, the highest associations were exhibited in Dingxi (RR = 1.262, 95% CI: 1.081, 1.473) at lag07, in Longnan (RR = 2.554, 95% CI: 2.100, 4.805) at lag06, and in Tianshui (RR = 1.158, 95% CI: 1.106, 1.213) at lag07. Meanwhile, the strongest effects observed for a 1 mg m<small>⁻³</small> increase in CO were 2.786 (95% CI: 1.467, 5.291) for Dingxi at lag07, 1.502 (95% CI: 1.096, 2.059) for Longnan at lag05, and 1.385 (95% CI: 1.137, 1.686) for Tianshui at lag04. Adults aged 15–64 years appeared to be more susceptible to TRAPs, and the associations were stronger in the cold season. The results of the present study indicate that exposure to TRAPs was positively correlated with outpatient visits for AR.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 9","pages":" 1618-1628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141896134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: predicted losses of sulfur and selenium in european soils using machine learning: a call for prudent model interrogation and selection†","authors":"Gerrad D. Jones, Logan Insinga, Boris Droz, Aryeh Feinberg, Andrea Stenke, Jo Smith, Pete Smith and Lenny H. E. Winkel","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00338A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00338A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Reductions in sulfur (S) atmospheric deposition in recent decades have been attributed to S deficiencies in crops. Similarly, global soil selenium (Se) concentrations were predicted to drop, particularly in Europe, due to increases in leaching attributed to increases in aridity. Given its international importance in agriculture, reductions of essential elements, including S and Se, in European soils could have important impacts on nutrition and human health. Our objectives were to model current soil S and Se levels in Europe and predict concentration changes for the 21st century. We interrogated four machine-learning (ML) techniques, but after critical evaluation, only outputs for linear support vector regression (Lin-SVR) models for S and Se and the multilayer perceptron model (MLP) for Se were consistent with known mechanisms reported in literature. Other models exhibited overfitting even when differences in training and testing performance were low or non-existent. Furthermore, our results highlight that similarly performing models based on RMSE or <em>R</em><small>²</small> can lead to drastically different predictions and conclusions, thus highlighting the need to interrogate machine learning models and to ensure they are consistent with known mechanisms reported in the literature. Both elements exhibited similar spatial patterns with predicted gains in Scandinavia <em>versus</em> losses in the central and Mediterranean regions of Europe, respectively, by the end of the 21st century for an extreme climate scenario. The median change was −5.5% for S (Lin-SVR) and −3.5% (MLP) and −4.0% (Lin-SVR) for Se. For both elements, modeled losses were driven by decreases in soil organic carbon, S and Se atmospheric deposition, and gains were driven by increases in evapotranspiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 9","pages":" 1503-1515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying initial transformation products during chlorination of the indole moiety and unveiling their formation mechanisms†","authors":"MengXue Huan, Yong Dong Liu and Rugang Zhong","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00196F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00196F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To identify toxicity drivers within poorly characterized high-molar-weight disinfection by-products (DBPs), relatively stable high-yield initial transformation products generated from aromatic amino acids and peptides and humic substances have drawn much attention. In this study, initial transformation products in chlorination of the indole moiety in tryptophan (<strong>Trp</strong>) are proposed and their formation mechanisms were investigated using a quantum chemical computational method. The results indicate that <strong>3-Cl-Trp<small>⁺</small></strong> is initially formed after the Cl<small>⁺</small> of HOCl attacks the indole moiety, and nucleophilic addition with nucleophilic agents (H<small>₂</small>O and OCl<small>⁻</small>) is thermodynamically preferred over deprotonation to generate <strong>2-X-3-Cl-indoline</strong> moiety (X = OH and OCl), which is in contrast to indole. Over 25 types of initial transformation products are proposed from the <strong>2-X-3-Cl-indoline</strong> moiety and two ring opening pathways were found at N1–C2 and C2–C3 bonds. Significantly, most structures of initial transformation products proposed based on experimental detection <em>m/z</em> values were confirmed using quantum chemical calculations and some new products are proposed in this work. The results are helpful to expand our understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of aromatic ring towards chlorination by hypochlorous acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 9","pages":" 1629-1640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141872817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vehicular pollution as the primary source of oxidative potential of PM2.5 in Bhubaneswar, a non-attainment city in eastern India†","authors":"Subhasmita Panda, Chinmay Mallik, S. Suresh Babu, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Tuhin Kumar Mandal, Trupti Das and R. Boopathy","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00150H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00150H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We assessed the oxidative potential (OP) of PM<small>_2.5</small> (<em>n</em> = 230) using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay to identify the major emission sources in Bhubaneswar (20.20°N, 85.80°E), one of the non-attainment cities under the National Clean Air Program, situated on the eastern coast of India. Continuous day and night PM<small>_2.5</small> samples were collected during periods influenced by marine airmass (MAM; April–May 2019) as well as continental airmass (CAM; October 2019–December 2019). Volume normalized DTT (DDTv) activities were approximately two times higher during CAM compared to MAM periods. In contrast, mass normalized DTT activity (DDTm) showed insignificant variations between CAM and MAM periods. This might be due to particulate organic matter, which accounted for more than one-fifth of the PM<small>_2.5</small> mass loading and remained surprisingly invariant during the study periods. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified secondary aerosols (MAM: 26% and CAM: 33%) as dominant contributors to PM<small>_2.5</small> mass in both periods. OP, is, however, dominated by vehicular emissions (21%) as identified through multiple linear regression. Conditional Bivariate Probability Function (CBPF) analysis indicated that local sources were the primary drivers for the catalytic activity of PM<small>_2.5</small> in the study region. Additionally, stagnant meteorological conditions, combined with the chemical aging of species during regional transport of pollutants, likely enhanced redox activity of PM<small>_2.5</small> during the CAM period. The study highlights that increasing traffic congestion is primarily responsible for adverse health outcomes in the region. Therefore, it is important to regulate mobility and vehicular movement to mitigate the hazardous impact of PM<small>_2.5</small> in Bhubaneswar.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 10","pages":" 1716-1735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characteristics of organic matter derived from sulfonated biochar†","authors":"Zhengfeng Jiang, Chen He, Fei Gao, Quan Shi, Yang Chen, Haimeng Yu, Zhimao Zhou and Ruoxin Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00233D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00233D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sulfonated biochar (SBC), as a functional carbon-based material, has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent adsorption properties. The composition of biochar-derived organic matter (B-DOM) is a key factor influencing the migration and transformation of soil elements and pollutants. However, molecular characteristics of sulfonated biochar-derived organic matter (SBC-DOM) are still unclear. In this study, the molecular composition of derived organic matter (DOM) from SBC prepared <em>via</em> one-step carbonization-sulfonation techniques was investigated by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and then compared with those of DOMs from rice husk (RH), pyrochar (PYC), and hydrochar (HYC). The results show that the CHOS- and CHONS-containing formulae are predominant in SBC-DOM, accounting for 85% of the total molecular formula number, while DOMs from RH, PYC, and HYC are dominated by CHO-containing formulae. Compared to PYC-DOM and HYC-DOM, SBC-DOM has more unsaturated aliphatic compounds, which make it more labile and easily biodegraded. Additionally, SBC-DOM has higher O/C, (N + O)/C ratios and sulfur-containing compounds. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further research on the application of sulfonated biochar in soil improvement and remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 9","pages":" 1641-1650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}