Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"A rapid micro chamber method to measure SVOC emission and transport model parameters†","authors":"Chunyi Wang, Clara M. A. Eichler, Chenyang Bi, Christiaan J. E. Delmaar, Ying Xu and John C. Little","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00507G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00507G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Assessing exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that are emitted from consumer products and building materials in indoor environments is critical for reducing the associated health risks. Many modeling approaches have been developed for SVOC exposure assessment indoors, including the DustEx webtool. However, the applicability of these tools depends on the availability of model parameters such as the gas-phase concentration at equilibrium with the source material surface, <em>y</em><small>₀</small>, and the surface–air partition coefficient, <em>K</em><small>_s</small>, both of which are typically determined in chamber experiments. In this study, we compared two types of chamber design, a macro chamber, which downscaled the dimensions of a room to a smaller size with roughly the same surface-to-volume ratio, and a micro chamber, which minimized the sink-to-source surface area ratio to shorten the time required to reach steady state. The results show that the two chambers with different sink-to-source surface area ratios yield comparable steady-state gas- and surface-phase concentrations for a range of plasticizers, while the micro chamber required significantly shorter times to reach steady state. Using <em>y</em><small>₀</small> and <em>K</em><small>_s</small> measured with the micro chamber, we conducted indoor exposure assessments for di-<em>n</em>-butyl phthalate (D<em>n</em>BP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) with the updated DustEx webtool. The predicted concentration profiles correspond well with existing measurements and demonstrate the direct applicability of chamber data in exposure assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 818-831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d2em00507g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3984795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron exchange capacity of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM): complementarity of square-wave voltammetry in DMSO and mediated chronoamperometry in water†","authors":"Han Cao, Ania S. Pavitt, Jeffrey M. Hudson, Paul G. Tratnyek and Wenqing Xu","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00009E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00009E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM) is derived from black carbon, which is important in the global carbon cycle and other biogeochemical redox processes. The electron-exchange capacity (EEC) of pyDOM has been characterized in water using mediated chronoamperometry (MCA), which gives precise results under specific operational conditions, but the broader significance of these EECs is less clear. In this study, we described a novel but complementary electrochemical approach to quantify EECs of pyDOM without mediation using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Using both the SWV and MCA methods, we determined EECs for 10 pyDOMs, 6 natural organic matter (NOM) samples, and 2 model quinones. The two methods gave similar EECs for model quinones, but SWV gave larger EECs than MCA for NOM and pyDOM (by several-fold and 1–2 orders of magnitude, respectively). The differences in the EECs obtained by SWV and MCA likely are due to multiple factors, including the potential range of electrons sampled, kinetics of electron transfer from (macro)molecular structures, and coupling of electron and proton transfer steps. Comparison of the results obtained by these two methods should provide new insights into important environmental processes such as carbon-cycling, wildfire recovery, and contaminant mitigation using carbon-based amendments.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 767-780"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d3em00009e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of plug-in fragrance diffusers on residential indoor VOC concentrations†","authors":"Thomas Warburton, Stuart K. Grange, James R. Hopkins, Stephen J. Andrews, Alastair C. Lewis, Neil Owen, Caroline Jordan, Greg Adamson and Bin Xia","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00444E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00444E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plug-in fragrance diffusers are one of myriad volatile organic compound-containing consumer products that are commonly found in homes. The perturbing effects of using a commercial diffuser indoors were evaluated using a study group of 60 homes in Ashford, UK. Air samples were taken over 3 day periods with the diffuser switched on and in a parallel set of control homes where it was off. At least four measurements were taken in each home using vacuum-release into 6 L silica-coated canisters and with &gt;40 VOCs quantified using gas chromatography with FID and MS (GC-FID-QMS). Occupants self-reported their use of other VOC-containing products. The variability between homes was very high with the 72 hour sum of all measured VOCs ranging between 30 and &gt;5000 μg m<small>^?3</small>, dominated by <em>n</em>/i-butane, propane, and ethanol. For those homes in the lowest quartile of air exchange rate (identified using CO<small>₂</small> and TVOC sensors as proxies) the use of a diffuser led to a statistically significant increase (<em>p</em>-value &lt; 0.02) in the summed concentration of detectable fragrance VOCs and some individual species, <em>e.g.</em> alpha pinene rising from a median of 9 μg m<small>^?3</small> to 15 μg m<small>^?3</small> (<em>p</em>-value &lt; 0.02). The observed increments were broadly in line with model-calculated estimates based on fragrance weight loss, room sizes and air exchange rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 805-817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d2em00444e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between environmental characteristics, high-resolution indoor microbiome, metabolome and allergic and non-allergic rhinitis symptoms for junior high school students†","authors":"Xi Fu, Bingqian Du, Yi Meng, Yanling Li, Xunhua Zhu, Zheyuan Ou, Mei Zhang, Huarong Wen, Aminnuddin Ma'pol, Jamal Hisham Hashim, Zailina Hashim, Gunilla Wieslander, Qingmei Chen, Jun Jiang, Juan Wang, Dan Norbäck, Yun Xia, Qingsong Chen and Yu Sun","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00480A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00480A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rhinitis is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally. Microbiome exposure affects the occurrence of rhinitis. However, previous studies did not differentiate allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) in the microbial association analysis. In this study, we investigate 347 students in 8 junior high schools, Terengganu, Malaysia, who were categorized as healthy (70.9%), AR (13.8%) and NAR (15.3%) based on a self-administered questionnaire and skin prick tests of pollen, pet, mould and house dust mite allergens. Classroom microbial and metabolite exposure in vacuumed dust was characterized by PacBio long-read amplicon sequencing, quantitative PCR and LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Our findings indicate a similar microbial association pattern between AR and NAR. The richness in Gammaproteobacteria was negatively associated with AR and NAR symptoms, whereas total fungal richness was positively associated with AR and NAR symptoms (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>Brasilonema bromeliae</em> and <em>Aeromonas enteropelogenes</em> were negatively associated with AR and NAR, and <em>Deinococcus</em> was positively associated with AR and NAR (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Pipecolic acid was protectively associated with AR and NAR symptoms (OR = 0.06 and 0.13, <em>p</em> = 0.009 and 0.045). A neural network analysis showed that <em>B. bromeliae</em> was co-occurring with pipecolic acid, suggesting that the protective role of this species may be mediated by releasing pipecolic acid. Indoor relative humidity and the weight of vacuum dust were associated with AR and NAR, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but the health effects were mediated by two protective bacterial species, <em>Aliinostoc morphoplasticum</em> and <em>Ilumatobacter fluminis</em>. Overall, our study reported a similar microbial association pattern between AR and NAR and also revealed the complex interactions between microbial species, environmental characteristics, and rhinitis symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 791-804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-pathway exposure assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among residents in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada†","authors":"Faqiang Zhan, Abha Parajulee, Matthew J. Binnington, Anya Gawor and Frank Wania","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00526C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00526C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Due to increasing emissions from ongoing development of the oil sands in Northern Alberta, Canada, there is concern that local residents and organisms are experiencing elevated exposures to hazardous contaminants. We modified an existing human bioaccumulation model (ACC-Human) to represent the local food chain in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR), the focus of oil sands development in Alberta. We used the model to assess the potential exposure to three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among local residents that have a high intake of locally sourced traditional foods. To place these estimates into context, we complemented them with estimated PAH intake through market foods and smoking. Our approach was able to produce realistic body burdens of the PAHs in aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and in humans, both in magnitude and with respect to the relative difference between smokers and non-smokers. Over the model simulation period (1967–2009), market food was the dominant dietary exposure route for phenanthrene and pyrene, while local food, and in particular local fish, dominated the intake of benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene. Exposure to benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene therefore was also predicted to increase over time in concert with expanding oil sands operations. Those smoking at the average rate of Northern Albertans take in an additional amount of all three PAHs that is at least as large as dietary intake. Estimated daily intake rates are below toxicological reference thresholds for all three PAHs. However, daily intake of BaP in adults is only ～20 fold below those thresholds and is predicted to increase. Key uncertainties in the assessment included the effect of food preparation on the PAH content in food (<em>e.g.</em>, smoking of fish), the limited availability of market food contamination data specific to Canada, and the PAH content of the vapor phase of first-hand cigarette smoke. Considering the satisfactory model evaluation, ACC-Human AOSR should be suited to making predictions of future contaminant exposure based on development scenarios in the AOSR or in response to potential emission reduction efforts. It should also be applicable to other organic contaminants of concern released by oil sands operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 755-766"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d2em00526c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and latitudinal variability in the atmospheric concentrations of cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in the Northern Hemisphere†","authors":"Frank Wania, Nicholas A. Warner, Michael S. McLachlan, Jeremy Durham, Merete Miøen, Ying Duan Lei and Shihe Xu","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00467D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00467D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Field data from two latitudinal transects in Europe and Canada were gathered to better characterize the atmospheric fate of three cyclic methylsiloxanes (cVMSs), <em>i.e.</em>, octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6). During a year-long, seasonally resolved outdoor air sampling campaign, passive samplers with an ultra-clean sorbent were deployed at 15 sampling sites covering latitudes ranging from the source regions (43.7–50.7 °N) to the Arctic (79–82.5 °N). For each site, one of two passive samplers and one of two field blanks were separately extracted and analyzed for the cVMSs at two different laboratories using gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Whereas the use of a particular batch of sorbent and the applied cleaning procedure to a large extent controlled the levels of cVMS in field blanks, and therefore also the method detection and quantification limits, minor site-specific differences in field blank contamination were apparent. Excellent agreement between duplicates was obtained, with 95% of the concentrations reported by the two laboratories falling within a factor of 1.6 of each other. Nearly all data show a monotonic relationship between the concentration and distance from the major source regions. Concentrations in source regions were comparatively constant throughout the year, while the concentration gradient towards remote regions became steeper during summer when removal <em>via</em> OH radicals is at its maximum. Concentrations of the different cVMS oligomers were highly correlated within a given transect. Changes in relative abundance of cVMS oligomers along the transect were in agreement with relative atmospheric degradation rates <em>via</em> OH radicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 3","pages":" 496-506"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d2em00467d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3750418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research status of volatile organic compound (VOC) removal technology and prospect of new strategies: a review","authors":"Siwen Li, Yingzi Lin, Gen Liu and Chunyan Shi","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00436D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00436D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As an important component of air pollution, the efficient removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is one of the most important challenges in the world. VOCs are harmful to the environment and human health. This review systematically introduced the main VOC control technologies and research hotspots in recent years, and expanded the description of electrocatalytic oxidation technology and bimetallic catalytic removal technology. Based on a three-dimensional electrode reactor, the theoretical design of a VOC removal control technology using bimetallic three-dimensional particle electrode electrocatalytic oxidation was proposed for the first time. The future research focus of this method was analyzed, and the importance of in-depth exploration of the catalytic performance of particle electrodes and the system reaction mechanism was emphasized. This review provides a new idea for using clean and efficient methods to remove VOCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 727-740"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An amended in vitro–in vivo extrapolation model that accounts for first pass clearance effects on chemical bioaccumulation in fish†","authors":"Leslie J. Saunders, John W. Nichols, Jon A. Arnot, James M. Armitage and Frank Wania","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00522K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00522K","url":null,"abstract":"Measured rates of in vitro intrinsic clearance for fish may be extrapolated to the whole animal as a means of estimating a whole-body biotransformation rate constant (kB; d-1). This estimate of kB can then be used as an input to existing bioaccumulation prediction models. Most in vitro-in vivo extrapolation/bioaccumulation (IVIVE/B) modeling efforts to date have focused on predicting the chemical bioconcentration in fish (aqueous only exposure), with less attention paid to dietary exposures. Following dietary uptake, biotransformation in the gut lumen, intestinal epithelia, and liver can reduce chemical accumulation; however, current IVIVE/B models do not consider these first pass clearance effects on dietary uptake. Here we present an amended IVIVE/B model that accounts for first pass clearance. The model is then used to examine how biotransformation in the liver and intestinal epithelia (alone or combined) may impact chemical accumulation that occurs during dietary exposure. First pass clearance by the liver can greatly reduce dietary uptake of contaminants, but these effects are only apparent at rapid rates of in vitro biotransformation (first order depletion rate constant kDEP ≥ 10 h-1). The impact of first pass clearance becomes more pronounced when biotransformation in the intestinal epithelia is included in the model. Modelled results suggest that biotransformation in the liver and intestinal epithelia cannot entirely explain reduced dietary uptake reported in several in vivo bioaccumulation tests. This unexplained reduction in dietary uptake is attributed to chemical degradation in the gut lumen. These findings underscore the need for research to directly investigate luminal biotransformation in fish.","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 741-754"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indexical and statistical approaches to investigate the integrated origins of elements in the sediment of Teesta River, Bangladesh: sediment quality and ecological risk assessment†","authors":"Rahat Khan, Shabiha Hossain, Amit Hasan Anik, Khamphe Phoungthong, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Narottam Saha, Abubakr M. Idris and Mahbub Alam","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00475E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00475E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study investigates ecological consequences from the combined provenance (natural and manmade) of fifteen metal(oid)s (Na, Al, K, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, As, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ba, Th, and U) from a major Indo-Bangla transboundary river (Teesta). Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been performed to calculate the elemental concentration for a total of thirty sediment samples which accumulated from the upper, middle and downstream section of the Teesta River. In comparison with the crustal origin Rb, Th, and U were 1.5–2.8 times elevated. Elements from upstream and midstream sediments showed greater spatial variability than those from downstream sediments in terms of Na, Rb, Sb, Th, and U. Statistical approaches suggested the dominance of geogenic sources (Na, K, Al, Ti, Co, and Ba) of elements over anthropogenic sources (Cr and Zn). Alkali feldspar and aluminosilicates release lithophilic minerals into the sediments under the redox condition (U/Th = 0.18). Site-specific ecotoxicological indices advocated that some specific locations are highly hazardous relative to Cr and Zn. From SQG-based guidelines, Cr showed higher potential toxicity in some upstream locations relative to Zn, Mn, and As. In order to attain the knowledge limitation of northern transboundary rivers from Bangladesh, this study of origin and relative environmental impact will be beneficial for policy makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 832-849"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3984796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight loss and abnormal lung inflammation in mice chronically exposed to secondary organic aerosols","authors":"Tanguy Déméautis, Alexandra Bouyssi, Alain Geloen, Christian George, Jean Menotti, Olivier Glehen, Gilles Devouassoux and Abderrazzak Bentaher","doi":"10.1039/D2EM00423B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EM00423B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have emerged recently as a major component of fine particulate matter. Cell culture studies revealed a role for SOAs in cell oxidative stress, toxicity and inflammation and only a few studies investigated short-term SOA exposure in animal models. Here, mice were chronically exposed to naphthalene-derived SOAs for one and two months. Weight monitoring indicated a marked mass loss, especially in females, following chronic exposure to SOAs. Significantly, a cytokine antibody microarray approach revealed SOA-induced abnormal lung inflammation similar to that seen in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This <em>in vivo</em> study testifies to the pathogenic role of sub-chronic SOA exposure on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 3","pages":" 382-388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3667647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}