Langmuir最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced Colloidal Stability in RAFT Seeded Emulsion Polymerization.","authors":"Zongying Hu,Ruilong Zhang,Hanying Zhao","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03461","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization has been regarded as a powerful technique in particle design. In RAFT emulsion polymerization, the surface density of the polymer stabilizer decreases with the growth of latex particles, which results in a decrease in particle stability and the aggregation of particles. Therefore, a major challenge in RAFT emulsion polymerization is to improve the stability of the synthesized particles. Herein, an approach to improving particle stability in the seeded emulsion polymerization process is reported. Seed latex particles with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) shells and poly(methyl acrylate) cores are prepared through RAFT emulsion polymerization. Initiated by bromine groups at PDMA chain ends, zwitterionic poly(3-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)-ammonium propanesulfonate) (PDMAPS) blocks are synthesized on the seeds by in situ activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. The seed particles are employed in the subsequent RAFT seeded emulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate. Experimental results demonstrate particle stability in the polymerization process. Upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior and salt-responsiveness of the zwitterionic blocks on the particle surfaces are studied.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparent and Robust Superhydrophobic Coatings for High-Fidelity Signal Transmission in Atmospheric Light Detection and Ranging Windows.","authors":"Jing Chen,Fujia Wang,Xiaohan Jia,Xinxin Xiao,Sha Chen,Xiaowei Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03890","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems are crucial for environmental monitoring, especially in air quality assessment. However, water droplets or contaminants on LiDAR protective windows could severely degrade signal transmission and undermine the monitoring precision. Superhydrophobic coatings with excellent transparency, mechanochemical robustness, and weather resistance are expected to solve this issue. Here, we report the design of such an application-oriented superhydrophobic coating to ensure high-fidelity signal transmission. We used tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and carbon soot (CS) to construct a composite rough structure on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin-loaded glass while restoring transparency through high-temperature annealing. High temperature removed CS, thus inducing the rearrangement of the rough structure and forming a dense, robust, three-dimensional, cross-linked dendritic structure. 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PTES) then imparted low surface energy to the coating and reinforced the dendritic structure. Therefore, the resultant PDMS-TEOS/F-CS(O) coating shows excellent superhydrophobicity (water contact angle (WCA) = 165.04° and sliding angle (SA) = 0.47°), outstanding light transmittance (92.4%), mechanochemical robustness, and weather resistance. The coating can retain its surface properties after sandpaper abrasion (2400 cm), sand impact (1200 g), knife scratch test, and acid/alkali immersion for 120 h. Even after enduring various weatherability tests, including water flow impact (3 h), shower impact (24 h), -20 °C/50 °C exposure (40 days), intense UV radiation (60 days), and real outdoor exposure (90 days), the coating remains excellently superhydrophobic. Remarkably, when integrated into an atmospheric particulate matter LiDAR window, the coating successfully ensures high-fidelity signal transmission by preventing the window from being contaminated. Overall, this study provides new insights into the fabrication of LiDAR windows with a durable superhydrophobicity.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Initial Charge Conditions on the Slide Electrification of Droplets.","authors":"Hadrien Monluc,Delong He,Samiran Garain,Michael Kirkpatrick,Andris Šutka,Peter C Sherrell,Jinbo Bai","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02988","url":null,"abstract":"Contact electrification and electrostatic induction are the core mechanisms behind solid-liquid (SL) triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which have garnered interest for powering microscale devices. However, the fundamental understanding underpinning charge transfer within SL-TENGs remains relatively poor, limiting their optimized material selection and device design. In this study, water droplets and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) are used as a model system to examine how the initial charge conditions of either the droplet or PTFE influence contact electrification and SL-TENG output performance. PTFE films were subjected to various pretreatments, including charge neutralization by plasma, pre-triboelectrification, and cleaning with polar and nonpolar solvents. Water droplets were either electrically grounded or subjected to charge injection via plasma ions. Experimental characterization and modeling revealed that the initial charge state of PTFE films greatly affects the SL-TENG output performance. Water, and other organic liquids, could not only lead to the appearance of negative charges on PTFE (aligning with the standard liquid-solid electrification model) but also neutralize these charges. This study demonstrates the importance of controlling the initial charge conditions to improve the performance stability of SL-TENG devices.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of sp2-Carbon Covalent Triazine Framework Photocatalysts for Efficient Organic Dye Degradation.","authors":"Jing Li,Ran Kan,Can Chen,Yangsong Li,Zheng Li,Fang Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03283","url":null,"abstract":"A novel sp2-carbon covalent triazine framework (sp2-CTF) was synthesized via a ternary solvent system with equimolar amounts of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4,6-tris(4-formylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine as precursors. The temporal evolution of its physicochemical properties was systematically investigated, revealing that an optimal structural configuration of sp2-CTF72 was achieved through solvothermal treatment at 120 °C for 72 h. Under visible light irradiation, sp2-CTF72 achieved 87.71% decolorization of methyl orange (MO) within 90 min using a catalyst loading of 0.3 g/L, an initial MO concentration of 10 mg/L, and pH 6.5. Notably, under comparable conditions, 99.80% of methylene blue (MB) was degraded within 30 min. This exceptional photocatalytic activity is attributed to an elongated fibrous morphology, which promotes efficient migration of photogenerated charge carriers. Intermediate products identified during MO degradation provided insight into the photocatalytic degradation pathway. Mechanistic studies revealed a synergistic effect between superoxide radicals (•O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), with •O2- serving as the predominant active species. In contrast, direct oxidation by photogenerated holes was found to inhibit catalytic activity, underscoring the crucial role of •O2--mediated pathways in the photocatalytic process.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Dealloying-Derived Porous FeCoNiMoZn High-Entropy Alloy Electrode for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting.","authors":"Longjian Li,Jilin Xu,Linwei Zhang,Yongcun Ma,Zhijing Zhao,Junming Luo,Mingshan Xue","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03606","url":null,"abstract":"The development and use of hydrogen energy are important initiatives to alleviate the global energy crisis. Bifunctional overall water splitting electrodes play an important role in the work of hydrogen production from electrocatalytic water splitting. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) prepared by transition group metals have shown very excellent performances in terms of both the OER/HER. In this paper, FeCoNiMoZn high-entropy alloys were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and then, a multilayered porous structure was constructed through chemical dealloying with hydrochloric acid to obtain an overall water splitting electrode. After 20 min of dealloying treatment, the porous FeCoNiMoZn electrode has excellent overall water splitting performance. The surface of the electrode shows an ice-crystal-like corrosion structure, which is mainly composed of FCC, BCC, and Mo phases and contains a large number of stacking faults. The elements of the electrode after dealloying exist in the form of high valence metals, which can accommodate more electrons and have more active sites. In addition, the metals in a high valence state have a stronger adsorption effect on OH- in solution and promote ion transfer. The OER and HER overpotentials of the porous electrode are 240 and 171 mV, respectively, at a current density of 100 mA cm-2, and their Tafel slopes are 36.54 and 78.57 mV dec-1. The charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of the porous FeCoNiMoZn electrode is greatly reduced after the dealloying treatment, while the electrochemically active surface area is obviously increased as well as the reaction kinetics. The porous FeCoNiMoZn electrode can achieve overall water splitting at a cell voltage of 1.79 V at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 with minimal potential change in a 230 h stability test.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Extended Phase-Field Lattice-Boltzmann Model for Multiphase Flows with Contact Angle Hysteresis on a Curved Boundary.","authors":"Wenqiang Chen,Yumei Yong,Mingfeng Li,Kang Yu,Xinpeng Nie,Kang Qin,Zhenming Li,Chao Yang","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c02877","url":null,"abstract":"The interpolation algorithms on curved solid boundaries easily result in numerical instability under some extreme contact angle conditions due to root operation. In this article, we developed an extended phase-field lattice-Boltzmann (LB) model specifically for solving the contact angle hysteresis problems on curved solid boundaries. Based on the phase-field LB model, a new improved unidirectional interpolation algorithm for wetting conditions is proposed. The new improved unidirectional interpolation does not need to distinguish whether the interpolation is performed in the x or y direction by the magnitude of the slope of the normal vector. An alternative solution is provided as a candidate that enhances the numerical stability of the interpolation algorithm. Furthermore, its corresponding contact angle hysteresis scheme is extended and incorporated into the phase-field LB model, so an extended phase-field LB model is built. We test the extended phase-field LB model by three benchmark cases, and the extended phase-field LB model may accurately capture the two-phase interface and three-phase contact angle regardless of whether or not there is hysteresis. The extended phase-field LB model is applied to investigate the droplet slipping process on the cylindrical surface with hysteresis. Four slip modes of droplet contact points under different hysteresis windows are identified. We explore the droplet slipping characteristics with hysteresis under the conditions with different surface tension, shear rate, capillary number, and viscosity ratio.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing a Built-in Electric Field of Ni2P-CeO2 Heterostructure for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.","authors":"Zhiqiang Sun,Bei Li,Hao Wu,Shiyang Fei,Yan Shang,Chunmei Zhang,Xiaofan Ye,Zhenyu Liang,Qian Zhang,Shuijian He","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03855","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we utilized a green method to prepare the material precursor (CC/CA/Ni2+-Ce3+) by using commercial cotton cloth (CC) and cellulose acetate (CA) as sources, leveraging the synergistic chelation effect of cellulose acetate and cotton cloth to coordinate nickel and cerium ions. Subsequently, precursor CF-C/Ni-CeO2 was obtained through high-temperature pyrolysis, followed by phosphidation to form the CF-C/Ni2P-CeO2 heterostructure. Within this structure, CeO2 acts as an \"electron acceptor\", enabling electron transfer from Ni2P to CeO2 and promoting rapid charge redistribution through an oxygen vacancy-mediated electron-ion cooperative transport mechanism. This process optimizes the adsorption free energy of hydrogen intermediates (ΔGH*) during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This synergistic effect of dual active sites enables the CF-C/Ni2P-CeO2-2 electrode with outstanding HER catalytic performance under alkaline conditions, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of only 102 mV and 100 mA cm-2 at 234 mV, while maintaining stability for more than 50 h at a high current of approximately 100 mA cm-2.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145209235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Element Composition of High-Entropy Layered Oxides: Insights on Performance Influence for Sodium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Xiangnan Li,Ziya Zhang,Xinyu Tang,Mengdan Zhang,Xiaojian Liu,Hongyu Dong,Baopeng Li,Yanhong Yin,Shu-Ting Yang","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03993","url":null,"abstract":"The application potential of layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries is expanded by the entropy stabilization strategy. However, specific research on the selection of elements and interpretation of the function of high-entropy materials are limited. In this study, we have developed several types of high-entropy materials, NaNi0.25Fe0.15Mn0.3Ti0.1Sn0.05Co0.05Li0.1O2 (HEO-TS), NaNi0.25Fe0.15Mn0.3Ti0.05Sn0.1Co0.05Li0.1O2 (HEO-ST), NaNi0.25Fe0.15Mn0.3Ti0.15Co0.05Li0.1O2 (HEO-Ti), and NaNi0.25Fe0.15Mn0.3Sn0.15Co0.05Li0.1O2 (HEO-Sn). Through the analysis of the physical and electrochemical properties, the introduction of Ti into the transition metal layer enhances air stability and rate performance. It exhibits excellent electrochemical properties under a high voltage. Furthermore, the partial introduction of Sn4+ increases the voltage difference of redox potential and electrochemical polarization. When the transition metal layer contains a large amount of Sn, the material exhibits poor electrochemical properties and struggles to form high crystallinity cathode materials. This work provides a solution for the element design of high-entropy layered oxides and investigates the relationship between the elements and electrochemical properties.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Functional Optimization via Cyano-Functionalized Fullerene Reconstruction and Hot-Pressing Treatment for Enhanced Performance of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.","authors":"Wenjun Zhang,Ying Wang,Zhenwu Zhong,Min Liu,Yan Zhang,Zhaoxiang Qi,Ying Qi,Hongyu Mi,Jian Cheng,Shu Yin,Yahong Xie","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03565","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a dual-functional interfacial engineering strategy that integrates chemical modification with hot-pressing treatment to significantly enhance the efficiency and stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs). Through rational molecular design, a novel fullerene derivative, C60-CN, was synthesized via the Prato reaction by introducing a cyano (-C≡N) functional group and enables simultaneous SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) reconstruction and perovskite crystallization guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of C60-CN effectively alleviates oxygen vacancies in SnO2 while increasing surface roughness, which improves the contact quality of perovskite films and enhances charge extraction efficiency. Moreover, the hot-pressing process optimizes the interfacial contact characteristics between the perovskite layer and the carbon electrode, promoting the recrystallization of the perovskite material and reducing defect density. As a result of these optimizations, the device achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.78%, representing a 29.34% improvement compared to the original device (from 12.20% to 15.78%). The enhanced stability can be attributed to the suppression of ion migration, the reduction of nonradiative recombination losses, and the improvement of the hydrophobic properties of the perovskite layer. Key mechanisms include Sn-N synergies at the SnO2/C60-CN interface for defect passivation, as well as the recrystallization and densification effects induced by hot-pressing on the perovskite material. These findings highlight the feasibility of fabricating high-performance, low-cost perovskite solar cells at room temperature through the combination of chemical modification and physical treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanofabrication of Silicon Gratings Enabled by Vapor-Phase, Highly Uniform Self-Assembled Monolayer Resists.","authors":"Ming Chen,Jie Zou,Jingfu Xu,Shiyang Gao,Xin Zhuang,Yunsheng Deng,Xing Cheng","doi":"10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5c03533","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging dry resists enable new avenues for advanced photoresist systems, which are pivotal to microelectronic fabrication technology. Herein, a highly uniform self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octadecyltrichlorosilane (C18H37SiCl3, OTS) is deposited from the vapor phase and employed as the dry resist material. The SAM resists are exposed to helium ion (He+) beams with a processing window of 60-200 μC cm-2, identified by the outcomes of exposure and etching characterization. Following ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) development, the patterned SAM resists are employed as a mask to etch oxide in hydrofluoric acid (HF). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals significant chemical compositional distinction on the He+/UVO-treated areas with oxygenated groups. The formation of hydrogen bonds between these hydrophilic functional groups and HF facilitates wet etching of the oxide. Finally, the patterns are transferred to the underlying silicon substrate by using the etched oxide as a hard mask, creating a grating structure with a uniform depth of 21 nm. The investigation of pattern transfer with highly uniform OTS facilitates the SAM resist and sheds light on the industrialization of dry resist technology.","PeriodicalId":50,"journal":{"name":"Langmuir","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145203725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}