Biomaterials Science最新文献

{"title":"Optical fibre long-period grating sensors modified with antifouling bio-functional nano-brushes.","authors":"Markéta Vrabcová, Monika Spasovová, Michala Forinová, Ambra Giannetti, Milan Houska, N Scott Lynn, Francesco Baldini, Jaromír Kopeček, Francesco Chiavaioli, Hana Vaisocherová-Lísalová","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01447b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01447b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in optical sensing technologies underpin the development of high-performance, surface-sensitive analytical tools capable of reliable and precise detection of molecular targets in complex biological media in non-laboratory settings. Optical fibre sensors guide light to and from a region of interest, enabling sensitive measurements of localized environments. This positions optical fibre sensors as a highly promising technology for a wide range of biochemical and healthcare applications. However, their performance in real-world biological media is often limited by the absence of robust post-modification strategies that provide both high biorecognition and antifouling capabilities. In this study, we present the proof-of-concept antifouling and biorecognition performance of a polymer brush nano-coating synthesized at the sensing region of optical fibre long-period grating (LPG) sensors. Using a newly developed antifouling terpolymer brush (ATB) composed of carboxybetaine methacrylamide, sulfobetaine methacrylamide, and <i>N</i>-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide, we achieve state-of-the-art antifouling properties. The successful on-fibre ATB synthesis is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy, and label-free bio-detection experiments based on antibody-functionalized ATB-coated LPG optical fibres. Despite the challenges in handling optical fibres during polymerization, the resulting nano-coating retains its remarkable antifouling properties upon exposure to blood plasma and enables biorecognition element functionalization. These capabilities are demonstrated through the detection of IgG in buffer and diluted blood plasma using anti-IgG-functionalized ATB-coated sensing regions of LPG fibres in both label-based (fluorescence) and label-free real-time detection experiments. The results show the potential of ATB-coated LPG fibres for use in analytical biosensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatile carrier-free binary nanodrug based on metformin/epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles: exploring its properties and potential in cancer treatment.","authors":"Huiyu Zou, ErKang Bian, Jinyun He, Wuming Wu, Chunyan Deng","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01356e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01356e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an important active component extracted from green tea, has attracted much attention due to its multiple biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. Meanwhile, metformin (Met), a classic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, exhibits additional benefits such as hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. However, metformin often causes gastrointestinal reactions when used alone, affecting patients' quality of life. In view of this, we proposed an innovative technique for the fabrication of a carrier-free, dual-loaded nanodrug, Met-EGCG nanoparticles (Met-EGCG NPs), <i>via</i> self-assembly. The method for preparing Met-EGCG NPs is simple, rapid and cost-effective. In addition, the carrier-free Met-EGCG NPs nanodrug inherits the strong antioxidant capacity, good biocompatibility and excellent aggregation-induced fluorescence effect of EGCG, and even offer significant advantages in enhancing drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability, while effectively reducing the occurrence of side effects. Moreover, this Met-EGCG NPs nanodrug exhibits a synergistic therapeutic effect of EGCG and metformin, thereby significantly enhancing overall therapeutic efficacy, and demonstrates excellent potential in anti-cancer applications. This study not only successfully prepared Met-EGCG NPs but also experimentally verified their superior performance, opening a new path for the application of EGCG in drug therapy. This carrier-free, dual-loaded drug delivery nanosystem based on Met-EGCG NPs offers potential for drug combination therapy, promising to play a more critical role in the biomedical field and providing new insights and guidance for the development of future multidrug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezoelectric hydrogels for accelerating healing of diverse wound types.","authors":"Yanxing Wei, Qiwei Yu, Yuxi Zhan, Hao Wu, Qiang Sun","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01347f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01347f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin, as the body's largest organ, plays a crucial role in protecting against mechanical forces and infections, maintaining fluid balance, and regulating body temperature. Therefore, skin wounds can significantly threaten human health and cause a heavy economic burden on society. Recently, bioelectric fields and electrical stimulation (ES) have been recognized as a promising pathway for modulating tissue engineering and regeneration of wounded skin. However, conventional hydrogel dressing lacks electrical generation capabilities and usually requires external stimuli to initiate the cell regeneration process, and the role of ES in different stages of healing is not fully understood. Therefore, to endow hydrogel-based wound dressings with piezoelectric properties, which can accelerate wound healing and potentially suppress infection <i>via</i> introducing ES, piezoelectric hydrogels (PHs) have emerged recently, combining the advantages of both piezoelectric nanomaterials and hydrogels beneficial for wound healing. Given the scarcity of systematic literature on the application of PHs in wound healing, this paper systematically discusses the principles of the piezoelectric effects, the design and fabrication of PHs, their piezoelectric properties, the way PHs trigger ES and the mechanisms by which they promote wound healing. Additionally, it summarizes the recent applications of PHs in various types of wounds, including traumatic wounds, pressure injuries, diabetic wounds, and infected wounds. Finally, the paper proposes future directions and challenges for the development of PH wound dressings for wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive electrospun polylactic acid/chlorogenic acid-modified chitosan bilayer sponge for acute infection wound healing and rapid coagulation.","authors":"Huiling Zhong, Zhen Zhang, Mohong Wang, Yifei Fang, Ke Liu, Junqiang Yin, Jun Wu, Jianhang Du","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01388c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01388c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute severe trauma is often associated with rapid blood loss and a high risk of infection. Based on these concerns, this study successfully constructed a multifunctional dual-layer bioactive sponge PCCT with rapid hemostatic and infection-preventing ability. Its external surface is an electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber thin film layer, which ensures its high air permeability and effectively protects against external bacterial invasion. <i>In vitro</i> results showed that the film is effectively resistant to invasion by typical Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i>) and Gram-positive (<i>S. aureus</i>) bacteria. The inner sponge layer was formed by chlorogenic acid (CGA) grafted with chitosan (CS) and loaded with tranexamic acid (TA). The abundant cationic groups on the sponge interacted with negatively charged erythrocytes and achieved rapid hemostasis at the wound site under the action of TA. In addition, the high porosity and bioactivity of the CS-CGA sponge scaffold endowed the hydrogel with good water absorption, antibacterial properties and anti-inflammatory activity, which effectively accelerated the healing of acute infected wounds in rats and demonstrated favorable biosafety.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal (M = Cr, Mo, W, Re) carbonyl complexes with porphyrin and carborane isocyanide ligands: light-induced oxidation and carbon oxide release for antitumor efficacy.","authors":"Victoria M Alpatova, Minh Tuan Nguyen, Evgeny G Rys, Georgy K Liklikadze, Elena G Kononova, Alexander F Smol'yakov, Yuri A Borisov, Anton E Egorov, Alexey A Kostyukov, Anna V Shibaeva, Ivan D Burtsev, Alexander S Peregudov, Vladimir A Kuzmin, Alexander A Shtil, Alina A Markova, Valentina A Ol'shevskaya","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01293c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01293c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tetrapyrrolic macrocycle as a scaffold for various chemical modifications provides broad opportunities for the preparation of complex multifunctional conjugates suitable for binary antitumor therapies. Typically, illumination with monochromatic light triggers the photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (photodynamic effect). However, more therapeutically valuable effects can be achieved upon photoactivation of tetrapyrrole derivatives. Herein we report the novel porphyrin-based complexes of transition metals with isocyanide and carbonyl ligands. Synthesis of complexes presumed the use of 5-(<i>p</i>-isocyanophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin as a ligand in reactions with metal carbonyl complexes, M(CO)₆ (M = Cr, Mo, W), Re₂(CO)₁₀ and Re(CO)₅Cl. Based on these complexes and isocyanocarborane, the heteroleptic carbonyl complexes with porphyrin and carborane isocyanide ligands were prepared. In cell-free systems, the new compounds retained photochemical characteristics of the parental porphyrin derivative, such as triplet state formation and ROS generation, upon light-induced activation. In the cell culture, the carborane-containing derivatives demonstrated a more pronounced intracellular accumulation than their nonboronated counterparts. As expected, illumination at the Soret band (405 nm) of cells loaded with the new complexes caused photodynamic cell damage. In contrast, illumination at 530 nm instead initiated the release of carbon oxide (CO) followed by cell death independently of the photodynamic effect. Light-induced CO release was analyzed using second derivatives of UV-Vis spectra and our originally developed <b>S</b>pectrophotometric elimi<b>NA</b>tion of <b>P</b>hotoinduced <b>S</b>ide reactions (SNAPS) method. The yield of CO release decreased in the raw depending on metals in the carbonyl moiety: Mo ≥ Cr > W > Re ≥ Re₂. Overall, our novel metal carbonyl complexes with porphyrin and carborane isocyanide ligands emerge as potent bi-functional conjugates for combined photodynamic and photoinducible CO-releasing antitumor agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-inspired anti-swelling amyloid-fiber lysozyme adhesive for rapid wound closure and hemostasis.","authors":"Tingwu Liu, Zilin Wang, Xu Zhang, Donghua Xu, Qiuyan Yan, Yuanwei Chen, Shifang Luan","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01494d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01494d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Instant adhesion to wet biological surfaces and reduced swelling of tissue adhesives are crucial for rapid wound closure and hemostasis. However, previous strategies to reduce swelling were always accompanied by a decrease in the tissue bonding strength of the adhesive. Moreover, the irreducibility of the covalent bonds in currently reported adhesives results in the adhesives losing their tissue adhesive ability. To tackle the challenge, a superior anti-swelling coacervate adhesive possessing fast self-healing properties through physical interactions (electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding) and chemical crosslinking (Schiff base reaction) was obtained with aldehyde-modified γ-PGA (γ-PGA-CHO), a natural lysozyme (LZM) and an amyloid fiber reduced lysozyme (RLZM). The instant shear adhesion strength and burst pressure tolerance of the adhesive on wet pig intestine reached 50.8 kPa (2.6 times that of CA glue) and 142.5 mmHg (5.9 times that of CA glue), and it maintained an adhesion strength of 37.4 kPa after exposure to the physical environment for 12 h and the swelling rate was only 34.0% underwater. The <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments provided the coacervate adhesive with potential applicability for emergency rescue and wound care scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A flexible, water anchoring, and colorimetric ionogel for sweat monitoring.","authors":"Hui Zhi, Yingxi Qin, Yang Li, Fengya Wang, Liang Feng","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01482k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01482k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As water-saturated polymer networks, the easy water loss of hydrogels directly affects their end-use applications. Minimizing the ratio of free water and increasing the ratio of bound water in the gel system has become key to extending the service life. In this work, an ionogel is prepared that effectively regulates the proportion of free water and bound water through the formation of wrinkle angles by the hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains in the gel system and the non-volatile nature of the ionic liquid. Acrylamide and <i>N</i>-acryloyl phenylalanine are used as free radical comonomers, and phenol red is used as an acid-base indicator. The ionic liquid is used as a dispersant to stabilize the whole framework. Due to the hydrogen bonding interactions, electrostatic interactions, and ion-ion interactions, the ionogel exhibits good stretchability, adhesion, pH sensitivity, and stability. The ionogel can be stretched in multiple directions without cracking and can be bent 180° after being left in air for 45 days. Assembling the ionogel into a wearable device can effectively monitor the pH value of sweat during exercise. The detection results are displayed in the form of RGB values, providing a preliminary diagnosis of the health of the human body.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming drug delivery challenges with lipid-based nanofibers for enhanced wound repair.","authors":"Aaqib Javaid, Krishana Kumar Sharma, Prakhar Varshney, Anurag Verma, Shyam Lal Mudavath","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01536c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01536c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing is a dynamic, multi-phase process that includes haemostasis, tissue regeneration, cellular proliferation, and matrix modification. Traditional wound care procedures frequently encounter complications such as delayed healing and infection, demanding new therapeutic approaches. In this context, nanomaterial-based devices provide considerable benefits due to their capacity to improve medication delivery and tissue healing. We suggest a lipid-based nanofiber formulation for wound treatment that overcomes the restricted skin penetration of hydrophilic niacin, a strong wound healing agent. Niacin-loaded nanofibers (NLNFs) were manufactured utilizing glyceryl monostearate (GMS) by a self-assembly process, which included high-pressure homogenization and probe sonication for optimum nanostructure creation. The NLNFs were physicochemically characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface profilometry to determine their morphology and homogeneity, and a drop shape analyser was used to determine hydrophobicity. <i>In vitro</i> tests revealed prolonged drug release, great cytocompatibility, and strong antioxidant activity, indicating superior free radical scavenging capacity. <i>Ex vivo</i> tests, such as the Draize skin irritation test, skin permeation test, and drug retention assays, revealed low skin irritation, increased permeability, and efficient drug retention in skin layers. <i>In vivo</i> experiments showed rapid wound closure and positive histological results, which were backed by hemocompatibility tests such as hemolysis and whole blood clot analysis, validating the formulation's safety. ELISA results indicated that the NLNF-treated group had higher levels of critical wound-healing indicators than the controls. Overall, our findings suggest that NLNFs have tremendous potential as a unique and effective treatment alternative for controlling and improving wound healing processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pericardial bioscaffold coated with ECM gels and urothelial cells for the repair of a rabbit urinary bladder defect.","authors":"Guadalupe H Luevano-Colmenero, Rosalinda Rocha-Juache, Juan Vargas-Mancilla, Jorge M Flores-Moreno, Francisco J Rojo, Gustavo V Guinea, Birzabith Mendoza-Novelo","doi":"10.1039/d4bm00846d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm00846d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repair of damaged or faulty complex modular organs such as the urinary bladder is a current clinical challenge. The design of constructs for reconstructive urological surgery can draw advantage from the bioactivity of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds, as well as the activity provided by cells seeded into constructs. Considering these benefits, this work compares the performance of pericardial ECM bioscaffolds and constructs seeded with gel-supported urothelial cells in the repair of urinary bladder defects in rabbits. The bioscaffolds considered in this study are of porcine (pM) and bovine (bM) origin and exhibited a residual composition that confers bioactivity in mesh presentation. Coating an ECM gel on the bioscaffolds promoted the adhesion and viability of urothelial cells. Repairing a full-thickness urinary bladder defect in a rabbit model with the bioscaffolds and constructs resulted in the integration with the host bladder; meanwhile, bladder volumetric capacity was promoted using bM and constructs. Although no contribution of gel/cell seeding to the failure of mechanical properties of the urinary neobladder was observed, this seeding technique is suitable for integration with different strategies to engineer constructs for urinary bladder reconstructive surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic conductive scaffolds for post-infarction cardiac repair.","authors":"Shimin Li, Wenming Yin, Yali Liu, Chang Yang, Zitong Zhai, Mingxiang Xie, Ziyi Ye, Xiaoping Song","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01109k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01109k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the most common and lethal cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), leading to the deterioration of cardiac function due to myocardial cell necrosis and fibrous scar tissue formation. Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the most common and lethal cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), leading to the deterioration of cardiac function due to myocardial cell necrosis and fibrous scar tissue formation. After MI, the anisotropic structural properties of myocardial tissue are destroyed, and its mechanical and electrical microenvironment also undergoes a series of pathological changes, such as ventricular wall stiffness, abnormal contraction, conduction network disruption, and irregular electrical signal propagation, which may further induce myocardial remodeling and even lead to heart failure. Therefore, bionic reconstruction of the anisotropic structural-mechanical-electrical microenvironment of the infarct area is key to repairing damaged myocardium. This article first summarizes the pathological changes in muscle fibre structure and conductive microenvironment after cardiac injury, and focuses on the classification and preparation methods of anisotropic conductive materials. In addition, the effects of these anisotropic conductive materials on the behavior of cardiac resident cells after myocardial infarction, such as directional growth, maturation, proliferation and migration, and the differentiation fate of stem cells and the possible molecular mechanisms involved are summarized. The design strategies for anisotropic conductive scaffolds for myocardial repair in future clinical research are also discussed, with the aim of providing new insights for researchers in related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}