Biomaterials Science最新文献

{"title":"Nanomedicine in ophthalmology: conquering anatomical barriers and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.","authors":"Tonghui Wang, Yuji Wang, Shiming Li, Yixuan Wang, Xinmiao Lan","doi":"10.1039/d5bm00325c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5bm00325c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular diseases pose a significant threat to vision and even lead to irreversible blindness, severely impacting patients' quality of life. Traditional ocular therapies often fall short of providing effective treatment due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye, particularly in the penetration of eye barriers. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have demonstrated significant potential for addressing these limitations. Nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems offer unique advantages such as sustained drug release, enhanced bioavailability, and specific tissue targeting, which can effectively pass through barriers and act on the lesion site. In this review, we systematically examine the common routes for nano-ocular drug administration and highlight the advantages of nanomedicines in ocular drug delivery. We provide a comprehensive analysis of various nanomaterial platforms, including nanoparticles, nanomicelles, nanosuspensions, nano/microemulsions, nanowafers, and hydrogels. While acknowledging the remarkable potential of nanodrugs in controlled release, barrier penetration, and formulation diversity, we emphasize the need for further research into long-term biocompatibility and clinical validation of novel nanotherapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a gelatin methacryloyl double-layer membrane incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite for guided bone regeneration","authors":"Jiangyue Wang, Xinrui Zheng, Xinghai Wang, Yiruo He, Xueling Xiao, Sa Cha, Wenjie Zhang, Ding Bai and Ye Tian","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00610D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00610D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an effective technique for treating bone defects, with barrier membranes playing a critical role in preventing soft tissue invasion while supporting bone formation. However, conventional collagen GBR membranes have limitations, including poor mechanical strength, high swelling ratio, rapid biodegradation, and fragile structures. In this study, we developed a heterogeneous double-layer membrane with tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, fabricated through simple photopolymerization and lyophilization of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). By adjusting the crosslinking time, methacrylation degree, and nHA concentration, the cryogels showed porous microstructures with different pore sizes ranging from 93 to 360 μm. Compressive mechanical testing, swelling measurements, and <em>in vitro</em>/<em>in vivo</em> biodegradation assays confirmed that the methacrylation of gelatin increased the compressive modulus to 29.02 MPa (<em>p</em> = 0.0002), reduced the swelling ratio to 714% (<em>p</em> = 0.002), and slowed the degradation rate to 41.2% after 48 hours (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Incorporating nHA further enhanced the mechanical properties and extended the degradation time. GelMA and nHA–GelMA cryogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), particularly in the nHA–GelMA cryogel with large pore sizes. We selected a GelMA cryogel with the smallest pore size for optimal barrier function and an nHA–GelMA cryogel with the highest osteogenic potential to construct the double-layer GBR membrane. In a rat calvarial defect model, this novel membrane significantly enhanced bone regeneration, demonstrating markedly improved bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and bone mineral density (BMD) compared to the control group (<em>p</em> = 0.0042 and <em>p</em> = 0.0088, respectively), with efficacy comparable to that of a commercial GBR membrane. These findings demonstrate the promising potential of this simple, tunable double-layer GelMA/nHA cryogel membrane as a superior alternative for GBR applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 17","pages":" 4739-4756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances of LAPONITE®-based nanocarrier in drug delivery applications","authors":"Jude Onojah, Weldejeworgis Gebrehiwot and Dharmaraj Raghavan","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00959F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00959F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The polymer nanocomposite delivery platform has drawn a surge in interest in recent years especially in the field of pharmaceutics. Here we present an overview of a LAPONITE®-based nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS) along with LAPONITE®'s physicochemical properties, drug encapsulation efficiency, and the factors influencing drug release, biodegradability, and stability. The underlying interaction and chemistry between LAPONITE®, polymer and drug has been comprehensively covered. We present evidence of various triggering factors, such as pH, temperature, light, and magnetic fields, that facilitate the release of drugs from LAPONITE® nanocarriers. Examples of the use of LAPONITE®-based nanocomposites in the delivery of several types of therapeutics (anticancer, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory), macromolecules and proteins are highlighted as related to biomedical applications. Several recommendations are discussed, including the potential to develop multifunctional, stimuli-responsive LAPONITE® nanocarriers for smart and controlled delivery of drugs. Finally, we discuss future directions, emphasizing the potential of multifunctional, stimuli-responsive LAPONITE® nanocarriers to enable smart, controlled drug delivery, offering promising avenues for the treatment of chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 18","pages":" 4858-4884"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144936385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive aligned PCL/CQD/Moringa nanofiber conduits accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration: in vitro and in vivo breakthroughs in sciatic nerve repair","authors":"Samira Shariati Najafabadi, Mohsen Shie Karizmeh, Mohammad Rafienia, Mohammad Kazemi, Hajar Akbari Dastjerdi, Hamid Bahramian, Seyed Ali Poursamar, Parham Reisi, Azadeh Safaee, Noushin Amirpour and Hossein Salehi","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00588D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00588D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) represent a promising strategy to support axonal growth and orientation during peripheral nerve regeneration. Polycaprolactone (PCL) offers suitable mechanical and biodegradable properties for NGC fabrication. To enhance its functionality, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can improve physical and chemical properties, while <em>Moringa oleifera</em> extract contributes bioactive compounds that support neurogenesis and nerve repair. In this study, electrospun aligned nanofiber scaffolds composed of PCL, CQDs, and Moringa extract were fabricated and evaluated. Scaffolds containing both CQDs and Moringa showed improved mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, and degradation profile. The release of Moringa extract was quantified, and biocompatibility was confirmed <em>via</em> cell viability, adhesion, and differentiation assays using B65 and PC12 cells. These scaffolds significantly enhanced cell proliferation, neurite outgrowth, and neural differentiation, as demonstrated by DAPI staining, SEM, MTT, qRT-PCR, and immunocytochemistry. <em>In vivo</em>, a sciatic nerve transection model in rats was used to assess the regenerative potential of the conduits. After 12 weeks, improvements in sciatic functional index, electrophysiology, muscle recovery, and nerve histology were observed. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and TEM further confirmed myelin sheath regeneration and neuromuscular recovery. These findings suggest that NGCs incorporating CQDs and Moringa extract provide a synergistic platform for promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery, offering a novel and effective approach for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI).</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 18","pages":" 5071-5095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic vascular scaffolds via hybrid 3D printing-phase separation for vascularized cardiac tissue with enhanced perfusion and maturation†","authors":"Xinyao Pan, Sitian Liu, Meng Long, Ruijun Peng, Lanlan Hu, Liu Yu and Wenhua Huang","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00734H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00734H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) shows great potential for repairing chronic myocardial damage. However, inadequate vascularization in engineered myocardial constructs thicker than 200 μm limits nutrient perfusion and leads to core necrosis, restricting its clinical application. Here, we combine 3D printing with phase separation to fabricate biomimetic vascular scaffolds, polycaprolactone (PCL) tubes, exhibiting enhanced mechanical resilience and biocompatibility. The PCL-tube facilitates the self-assembly of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) into microvascular networks that recapitulate the barrier functions of native vasculature, enabling selective molecular transport while preserving structural integrity. The endothelialized PCL-tube (ECs-PCL-tube) is integrated with cardiomyocyte (CM)-loaded fibrinogen-GelMA (FG) hydrogel through modular assembly to form a multi-scale, vascularized engineered cardiac tissue. The results show that the ECs-PCL-tubes significantly improve cell viability and enhance nutrient perfusion efficiency. Furthermore, the vascularized engineered cardiac tissue exhibited superior CM sarcomere formation, gap junction expression, and contractility, promoting enhanced cell–cell communication. In summary, our study addresses the limitations of lumen collapse and nutrient diffusion in conventional hydrogel systems, offering a scalable and cost-effective solution for constructing functional, vascularized cardiac tissues. This approach holds significant potential for applications in regenerative medicine and drug screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 17","pages":" 4803-4815"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal control of autonomous adipogenesis of pre-adipocyte spheroids by bioactive nanofibers and soft hydrogel microenvironments†","authors":"Sangmin Lee, Soomi Choi, Hyunseok Kwon, Eunhyung Kim, Eunjin Lee, Sung Min Kim and Heungsoo Shin","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00901D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00901D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Despite significant clinical utility, current soft tissue reconstruction modalities employing enriched grafts or liposuction impose considerable limitations including volume reduction and donor-site morbidity. Here, we present a biomimetic approach for engineering 3D adipose tissue through strategic integration of pre-adipocyte (3T3-L1 cells)/nanofiber composite spheroids within mechanically optimized hydrogel matrices. The nanofibers (IM/F@IS) enabling the simultaneous delivery of indomethacin and insulin were prepared such that when incorporated into 3T3-L1 spheroids, they significantly enhanced adipogenic differentiation (an increase in the gene expression of FABP4 and adiponectin by 6.1 ± 0.2 and 11.2 ± 1.4 times, respectively) without exogenous differentiation supplements. Following encapsulation in UV-crosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, cells from composite spheroids exhibited robust proliferation, migration, and maturation into functional adipocytes with substantial triglyceride accumulation and homogeneous lipid droplet distribution. Notably, these engineered constructs maintained structural integrity with minimal contraction following subcutaneous implantation in mice. We also confirmed that softer hydrogels significantly enhanced cell sprouting and expression of matrix remodeling proteins, collectively improving adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells within the hydrogel. This approach addresses the critical challenge of creating physiologically relevant adipose constructs with predefined dimensions by combining pre-adipocyte spheroids incorporating adipo-inductive fibers and GelMA hydrogels.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 18","pages":" 5096-5110"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nanomicelle morphology on peptide activity and ROS generation for enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer†","authors":"Samane Maghsoudian, Saeed Shahbaz, Amir Rezaei-Aderiani, Sahra Perseh, Amir Rakhshani, Effat Nekoueifard, Esmat Sajjadi, Yousef Fatahi, Hamidreza Motasadizadeh and Rassoul Dinarvand","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00605H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00605H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In cancer research, targeting specific molecular markers that are overexpressed on the tumor cell membrane has opened up opportunities for drug delivery. Yet, current technologies face challenges in achieving effective targeting. To enhance the targeting efficiency of peptides, researchers have explored different parameters, including the size and shape of nanoparticles, as well as the engineering of peptides. This study focuses on exploring the impact of nanoparticle shape on their uptake by cells and the efficiency of peptides in targeting specific receptors. We synthesized rod-shaped polymeric micelles (AuR-PM) using biodegradable copolymers consisting of zwitterionic methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and polycaprolactone, enclosing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the core. They were compared with previously synthesized spherical nanoparticles (AuS-PM) regarding cellular uptake under <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> conditions. The synergistic effect of PMs in combination with sonodynamic therapy was analyzed. Our findings clearly show that AuR-PM achieve a 1.495 ± 0.31 fold increase in intracellular accumulation compared to AuS-PM in static cultures. Additionally, targeted AuR-PM experienced a significant 1.625 ± 0.131 fold boost in cellular uptake over their non-targeted equivalents, representing a 1.307 ± 0.057 fold increase relative to the same comparison with AuS-PM. Based on the results obtained from confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, the AuR-PM demonstrated approximately 3.25 ± 0.37 fold higher ROS production compared to AuS-PM in the MDA-MB231 cell line. AuR-PM exhibited improved effects <em>in vivo</em>, which can be attributed to their longer circulation time and greater tumor penetration. Histopathological analyses of essential tissues in mice carrying 4T1 tumors revealed minimal tissue damage following administration of DOX-loaded AuR-PM. These results highlight the importance of nanoparticle geometry in modulating cellular interactions and enhancing tumor targeting efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 18","pages":" 5017-5039"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized cell membrane-coated nanoparticles induce local immune tolerance for durable survival of allogeneic islet grafts†","authors":"Yi-Qun Sun, Ying-Li Luo, Hui-Xiao Li, Zi-Lu Wang, Wen-Qi Xu, Zi-Dong Lu and Cong-Fei Xu","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00717H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00717H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Allogeneic islet transplantation is a promising therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, establishing durable immune tolerance to protect engrafted islets without systemic immunosuppression remains a major challenge. In this study, we develop functionalized cell membrane-coated nanoparticles to induce local immune tolerance and achieve long-term islet graft protection. These nanoparticles, termed FasL@Rapa NPs, are engineered by coating rapamycin-loaded polymeric cores with cell membranes expressing Fas ligand (FasL). Upon co-transplantation with allogeneic islets into the subrenal capsule of T1D mice, FasL@Rapa NPs promote apoptosis of autoreactive effector T cells <em>via</em> FasL-Fas interaction, and simultaneously expand the population of regulatory T cells <em>via</em> rapamycin-mediated immune regulation within the islet grafts. This dual immunomodulatory action successfully establishes local immune tolerance, enabling prolonged graft survival and sustained insulin secretion, thereby restoring normoglycemia in diabetic mice. This study presents a promising approach to prevent transplant rejection without the risks associated with systemic immunosuppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 17","pages":" 4730-4738"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered PD-L1 nanoregulators for enhanced tumor immunotherapy","authors":"Muhammad Inam, Ke Ren, Bowen Shen, Fangyu Zhou, Liya Tian, Jie Liu and Xiao Sun","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00748H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00748H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway plays a central role in enabling tumors to escape immune detection, making it a prime target for cancer immunotherapy. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown remarkable clinical success, their therapeutic potential is constrained by significant challenges. These include immune-related opposing actions, appearance of resistance mechanisms, and inconsistent patient response rates. Addressing these limitations necessitates the development of innovative approaches to enhance treatment efficacy and safety. Nanomaterials hold considerable potential in modulating PD-L1 expression, offering advantages such as enhanced targeting precision and controlled drug delivery. In this review, we explored the impact of PD-L1 in immune evasion and its relevance to cancer immunotherapy, evaluating various nanomaterial-based approaches to regulate PD-L1 within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, we summarize and explain the potential benefits of combining these nanotechnology-based strategies with existing therapies to enhance therapeutic outcomes and deliberate the future directions for advancing nanomaterial-based approaches, as supported by preclinical and clinical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 17","pages":" 4663-4680"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-optimized poly(α-amino acid)-based antimicrobial peptide mimetics with balanced bactericidal activity and biosafety for MRSA peritonitis therapy†","authors":"Hongfei Sun, Guifeng An, Sarula Bao, Wenbo Du, Ya Su, Dezhi Sun and Xiaohui Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00785B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00785B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) mimetics is a crucial approach to addressing the growing problem of bacterial resistance by inheriting the antibacterial advantages of AMPs while overcoming their inherent limitations. However, improperly controlled positive charges and hydrophobic structures in AMP mimetics can lead to strong cytotoxicity. Therefore, achieving high antibacterial efficacy while maintaining favorable biocompatibility is a crucial challenge for AMP mimetics. Herein, based on poly-α-<small>L</small>-lysine (PLL), which possesses potential for biological applications, we introduced varying numbers of aryl side chains to prepare a series of poly (α-amino acids)-based AMP mimetics. Through structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies modulating the balance between positive charge and hydrophobic units, we identified PAA-1, which exhibits a favorable balance between antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility. <em>In vitro</em> antibacterial studies demonstrated that PAA-1 exhibits potent activity against drug-resistant bacteria and biofilm compared to vancomycin, with negligible toxicity. Mechanistic studies suggested that PAA-1 inherits the membrane-damaging mechanism of AMP and shows no drug resistance after 14 consecutive passages. <em>In vivo</em> studies indicated that PAA-1 exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy against <em>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA)-induced peritonitis, providing greater survival protection compared to vancomycin, with a 7-day survival rate of 80% and demonstrating favorable biosafety. This study constructed AMP mimetics with a balanced antibacterial-biocompatibility profile by optimizing SAR. This provides a referable methodology for discovering more effective AMP mimetics and offers a preclinical research protocol for peritonitis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 16","pages":" 4555-4564"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}