Biomaterials Science最新文献

{"title":"Biodistribution of tumor-targeted MXene-antibody conjugates.","authors":"Volodymyr Deineka, Yevheniia Husak, Marks Truhins, Anastasia Konieva, Irina Kube-Golovin, Gunther Wennemuth, Dogantan Celik, Recep Uyar, Agata Jakóbik-Kolon, Ahmet Ceylan, Ozge Ozgenc Cinar, Oleksiy Gogotsi, Błażej Anastaziak, Wojciech Simka, Veronika Zahorodna, Emerson Coy, Igor Iatsunskyi, Oksana Sulaieva, Acelya Yilmazer, Maksym Pogorielov","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00396f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00396f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The biodistribution profile is a critical determinant of the success of nanomaterial applications, governing both therapeutic efficacy and systemic safety in emerging photothermal therapy (PTT) agents. Despite the promise of PTT, the clinical translation of many nanomaterial-based photothermal agents is impeded by intrinsic toxicity and insufficient tumor specificity. Moreover, off-target biodistribution of photosensitizers after systemic administration can increase systemic exposure, reduce tumor delivery, and ultimately compromise therapeutic efficacy, underscoring the need for advanced material delivery concepts that enhance selective tumor accumulation and therapeutic outcome. Here, we present a targeted MXene-based PTT platform designed to address these challenges. Among the tested MXenes (Ti₃C₂, Nb₂C, and V₂C), Ti₃C₂ was identified as the most biocompatible and safest candidate, demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity, negligible impact on cell-cycle progression, and no significant impairment of long-term proliferative capacity. Ti₃C₂ MXene was subsequently coated with polydopamine (PDA) and conjugated to an anti-human-CEACAM1 (hCC1) antibody (Ab) to enable antigen-dependent tumor targeting. In a murine melanoma model bearing human CC1-positive (hCC1+) and CEACAM1-negative (hCC1-) tumors, we evaluated the outcomes of both intravenous (IV) and intratumoral (IT) administration of the Ti₃C₂-PDA-anti-hCC1 nanoconjugate. Quantification of titanium by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), in combination with histological analysis, revealed preferential accumulation of the targeted nanoconjugate in hCC1+ tumors compared with hCC1- controls. Notably, after IV delivery, Ti₃C₂-PDA-anti-hCC1 conjugate demonstrated enhanced deposition in the tumor and lower non-specific uptake in clearance organs, including the liver, lungs, and spleen, compared with non-antibody-functionalized MXene. Collectively, these results support the Ti₃C₂-PDA-anti-hCC1 conjugates as a tumor-selective biodistribution platform with reduced clearance-organ burden, supporting further therapeutic validation of MXene-based targeted PTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4614-4637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148454080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the coupled effects of stiffness and stretch on the trabecular meshwork cells using a hydrogel-integrated microfluidic system.","authors":"Kanghoon Choi, Minju Kim, Monika Lakk, Fiona S McDonnell, David Krizaj, Jungkyu Kim","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00705h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00705h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is characterized by progressive stiffening of the trabecular meshwork (TM), which is associated with elevated intraocular pressure and tissue dysfunction. Although substrate stiffness and mechanical stretch both regulate TM homeostasis, their combined effects remain poorly understood. Here, a hydrogel-integrated microfluidic platform is presented that enables simultaneous control of substrate stiffness, <i>via</i> tunable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, and equibiaxial quasi-static stretch, <i>via</i> hydraulic actuation. Finite element analysis validates the applied strain field, and optimized crosslinking ensures structural stability. As an initial demonstration, primary normal TM (nTM) and glaucomatous TM (gTM) cells were cultured under coupled stiffness and stretch conditions. The nTM cells modulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), myocilin (MYOC), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and collagen type I (COL1) with the imposed mechanical cues, whereas the gTM cells showed elevated α-SMA, reduced mechanical regulation of MMP2, and diminished stretch-mediated COL1 suppression, while retaining stiffness-dependent FAK phosphorylation and MYOC responses. These differences emerged primarily under combined stiff and stretched conditions, indicating that coupled mechanical cues can reveal candidate disease-relevant phenotypes not apparent under either cue alone. The platform resolves stiffness- and stretch-dependent responses in TM cells and provides a scalable basis for validating these responses across additional donors.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4687-4703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13509035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148596674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered models of skin fibrosis: from biomaterial-free to biomaterial-based <i>in vitro</i> systems.","authors":"Sofia Amaral, Rafaela Presa, Rúben F Pereira","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00232c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00232c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin fibrosis is a complex and progressive disorder characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, persistent fibroblast activation and pathological tissue stiffening. Its clinical manifestations such as keloids, hypertrophic scars and systemic sclerosis, can lead to functional impairment, aesthetic disfigurement and significant psychosocial burden. Unfortunately, there are currently no efficient therapies that can halt or reverse skin fibrosis, largely due to our incomplete understanding of the dynamic molecular and cellular mechanisms driving fibrosis progression. Here, we review the advances on bioengineered models of skin fibrosis and discuss their emerging role in elucidating fibrotic pathways and enabling the identification and screening of therapeutic targets. We examine how multicellular and three-dimensional complexity, biochemical cues, mechanomodulatory biomaterials and advanced biofabrication strategies contribute to enhancing the human biomimicry of engineered models. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions for the development of next-generation <i>in vitro</i> models that better recapitulate skin fibrosis dynamics and enhance translational relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4524-4543"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-tumor-recognition trispecific T-cell nano-engager enhances effector-target conjugation and antitumor activity.","authors":"Ya-Jing Ma, Zheng Zhang, Jian-Kang Kang, Xiu-Hai Che, Jing-Yuan Tian, Yin-Yi Cai, Song Shen, Dong-Kun Zhao, Long Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00886k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00886k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T-cell engagers redirect cytotoxic lymphocytes toward malignant cells, but their efficacy in solid tumors is limited by uneven antigen expression and inefficient effector-target contact. Here, we report a modular dual-tumor-recognition trispecific T-cell nano-engager (Tri-NanoTCE) generated by Fc-mediated assembly of anti-PD-L1, anti-EGFR, and anti-CD3 IgG1 antibodies on an FcγR1-HSA/PLLA nano-adaptor. PD-L1 and EGFR provide complementary tumor recognition and anchoring, whereas CD3 recruits T cells. Tri-NanoTCE retained the binding activity of all antibodies, showed efficient antibody loading, and increased tumor-cell surface association relative to single-target nano-engagers. This dual-recognition design strengthened effector-target conjugation, enhanced CD69 expression, cytotoxic mediator release, and PBMC-mediated tumor-cell killing, and outperformed free antibody mixtures or dual-component controls. In PBMC-reconstituted MDA-MB-231 and A375 xenografts, Tri-NanoTCE prolonged intratumoral retention, increased human T-cell infiltration, and suppressed tumor growth without obvious short-term systemic toxicity. These findings support modular nanoassembly as a materials strategy for constructing trispecific T-cell engagers for antigen-heterogeneous solid tumors, particularly where target coverage and effector contact are limiting.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4653-4664"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae-based living biomaterials for immunoengineering: from biological functions to therapeutic systems.","authors":"Haishuang Zhu, Ruoxi Wang, Min Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00677a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00677a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system plays a central role in maintaining physiological homeostasis and protecting against infections, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. Immunoengineering, broadly defined as the strategic design and manipulation of immune responses, has emerged as an interdisciplinary field integrating immunology, materials science, and biomedical engineering, enabling substantial advances in the precise modulation of immune function. However, conventional immunomodulatory materials-such as synthetic polymers, nanoparticles, and biologically derived matrices-generally function as passive platforms, with limited capacity to dynamically adapt to complex and evolving pathological microenvironments. To address these limitations, living biomaterials have emerged as a transformative paradigm. Among them, microalgae represent a particularly promising and versatile platform, owing to their intrinsic photosynthetic oxygen-generating capability, diverse production of bioactive metabolites, favorable biocompatibility, scalability, and amenability to genetic engineering. Microalgae can alleviate hypoxia, modulate inflammatory signaling pathways, and produce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory metabolites as well as extracellular vesicles, thereby enabling cross-kingdom communication with host systems. Recent advances have further demonstrated their integration with polymers, nanomaterials, and microbial systems to construct multifunctional biohybrid platforms for active and adaptive immune modulation. Despite rapid progress, the field remains fragmented, and a systematic framework for translating microalgae-based living biomaterials into immunomodulatory therapies is still lacking. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microalgae-derived living biomaterials for immunoengineering, including their fundamental biological characteristics and mechanisms of immune regulation, key engineering strategies (such as encapsulation, biohybridization, and genetic engineering), and emerging therapeutic applications. In addition, current challenges and future perspectives for clinical translation are critically discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4435-4456"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailored injectable nanocomposite hydrogels for high-performance biomedical applications.","authors":"Garima Rathee, Nitesh Kumar Singh, Sahil Kohli, Khemraj Deshmukh, Jyotsna Rathee, Antonio Puertas-Segura, Pratima R Solanki, Ajeet Kaushik","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00535g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00535g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional hydrogel systems for biomedical applications face critical limitations in mechanical robustness, therapeutic functionality, and responsiveness to physiological stimuli, hindering their translation to precision medicine. The rational integration of engineered nanomaterials into injectable hydrogel matrices has emerged as a transformative strategy to overcome these constraints, enabling hierarchical, stimuli-responsive functionalities unattainable in traditional polymer networks. This review provides a mechanistic and translational analysis of injectable nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels, systematically examining how nanoparticle-polymer interfacial interactions govern gelation kinetics, mechanical properties, and controlled therapeutic release. Unlike previous reviews focused on material cataloguing, we critically evaluate the distinctive advantages of NC hydrogels over conventional dynamic hydrogels; including hierarchical drug release profiles, enhanced tumour penetration, and multiscale environmental responsiveness; whilst providing evidence-based assessment of clinical translation pathways. The strategic incorporation of metal-based nanostructures, carbon nanomaterials, lipid carriers, and black phosphorus nanosheets is analysed across four key biomedical domains: advanced drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, chronic wound healing platforms, and biosensing technologies. We provide systematic coverage of injectability parameters, smart responsive behaviours, and patient-specific customisation strategies essential for minimally invasive delivery. Critically, this review addresses the gap between preclinical promise and clinical reality by examining actual clinical trial data, regulatory challenges, and manufacturing scalability barriers. Emerging artificial intelligence and machine learning tools for accelerated NC hydrogel design, predictive modelling, and real-time therapeutic monitoring are evaluated as enabling technologies for next-generation precision biomedicine. This comprehensive roadmap equips researchers and clinicians with mechanistic frameworks and practical guidance for translating injectable NC hydrogels from laboratory innovation to clinical impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4457-4523"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone-targeted Mn₃O₄ nanozymes alleviate osteoporosis by remodeling the age-related oxidative stress microenvironment.","authors":"Mengzhen Yang, Jian Fu, Wenjing Yang, Ziye Li, Xiaosong Yang, Shuangfeng Xing, Ming An, Jinchao Zhang, Guoqiang Zhou, Kun Ge","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00719h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00719h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis has become a significant chronic disease, threatening human health as the population ages. It is characterized by oxidative stress resulting from abnormal osteoclast activity, decreased osteoblast activity, and local vascular rupture, which leads to hypoxia in the bone microenvironment. Mn₃O₄ nanozymes show superior superoxide dismutase and catalase efficiency because of the high ratio of Mn²⁺ and Mn³⁺, which allows them to scavenge ROS and alleviate hypoxia. In this study, we developed bone-targeting Mn₃O₄@ZOL nanozymes with a 6 to 8 nm particle size, demonstrating excellent antioxidant properties. These nanozymes reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, alleviate cellular hypoxia, and promote autophagy-associated osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells, restoring their ability to differentiate into osteogenic cells. Furthermore, they inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve vascularization in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. <i>In vivo</i>, the Mn₃O₄@ZOL nanozymes effectively reduce oxidative stress, promote osteogenic differentiation, facilitate angiogenesis, and inhibit osteoclast formation. Meanwhile, Mn₃O₄@ZOL nanozymes effectively promote bone remodeling and exhibit adequate biosafety. This research provides insights into the mechanisms by which Mn₃O₄@ZOL nanozymes can be utilized for osteoporosis treatment, establishing a theoretical and experimental basis for their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4638-4652"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposome-extracellular vesicle hybrid nanocarriers: design principles, interfacial properties and translational perspectives.","authors":"Jingyi Huang, Shijie Fu, Wanjiao Chen, Baojuan Li, Hang Chen, Xinmei Chen, Zhizhe Lin, Youfa Xu, Xin Wu","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00356g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00356g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liposome-extracellular vesicle (EV) hybrid nanocarriers have emerged as a versatile strategy to integrate the physicochemical tunability of synthetic liposomes with the biological functionality of EV membranes. However, a materials-oriented understanding of how membrane fusion alters supramolecular organization and interfacial behavior remains insufficient. Despite extensive reports of enhanced drug loading, cellular uptake and therapeutic efficacy, systematic understanding of how membrane fusion alters interfacial properties and subsequent biological responses remains limited. Fusion-induced changes in lipid organization, membrane rigidity and protein distribution may significantly affect colloidal stability, receptor-mediated interactions and immune compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary engineering strategies for liposome-EV hybrid systems, emphasizing the core design principles that govern their structural integrity, functional performance, and safety. By correlating membrane architecture with nano-bio interfacial dynamics, we propose a multidimensional evaluation framework that bridges physicochemical characteristics with biological outcomes. Ultimately, this analysis seeks to provide a roadmap for the rational engineering of hybrid vesicles, ensuring their enhanced clinical and translational relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4544-4566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards ischemic tissue regeneration and protection: design of a drug-loaded multilayered cardiac patch with synergistic degradation and release.","authors":"Dawid Rossino, Cheherazade Trouki, Niccoletta Barbani, Massimiliano Labardi, Federica Aiello, Margherita Musetti, Carlotta Rosso, Roberto Vanni, Nourhan Al-Mawed, Raffaella Rastaldo, Claudia Giachino, Elpidio Tombari, Caterina Cristallini","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00437g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00437g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction remains a global health challenge, necessitating advanced therapeutic strategies to address both acute injury and chronic ventricular remodeling. This study presents an innovative tri-layered bioartificial patch engineered to modulate degradation kinetics and drug release for prolonged cardiac regeneration. By integrating a slower-degrading polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatine-based inner layer into a microstructured polylactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid (PLGA) and gelatine architecture, we developed a system with a highly controlled biphasic degradation profile. Hydrolytic degradation tests revealed that while the external PLGA-based layers undergo bulk degradation and complete dissolution by 60 to 90 days, the internal PCL-based membrane successfully retains its structural integrity and biomimetic micropatterning for up to 90 days. This structural stability also enabled a tailored dual-release of bioactive molecules: a rapid 50-70% burst release of the cardioprotective agent adenosine within the first 5 hours to target acute reperfusion injury, paired with a restricted about 6% release of the antifibrotic drug pirfenidone over 7 days, effectively preserving it for the later stages of tissue healing. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Fmoc-FF peptide conferred a stable electrical conductivity of 4.6 µS cm^-1 at 1 Hz without compromising the matrix structure. <i>In vitro</i> biological assessments confirmed excellent cytocompatibility across all layers, supporting an H9c2 cardiomyoblast viability of roughly 90% after 72 hours. Human iPSC-CMs cultured on the patch maintained spontaneous and synchronous beating activity. Moreover, the patch loaded with PIR exhibited significant antifibrotic activity, confirming that the released drug remained biologically active. Ultimately, this multi-layered design provides a promising and functionally active platform for counteracting pathological remodeling and restoring myocardial tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4733-4757"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive mass-transport kinetics in phase-programmed silicate glass-ceramics for controlled microenvironmental engineering.","authors":"Andualem Belachew Workie, Mannie Belay Taye, Ferry P W Melchels, Melaku Dereje Mamo","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00997b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6bm00997b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The temporal regulation of local microenvironments is a critical challenge in bone tissue engineering. Conventional silicate-based bioceramics frequently exhibit rapid hydrolytic degradation, leading to localized alkaline shifts that compromise osteoblast viability. In this study, we propose a predictive approach for regulating dissolution through thermal phase partitioning in aerosol-derived calcium-magnesium-silicate matrices. By systematically modulating the ratio of the amorphous glass network to crystalline lattices <i>via</i> sintering (700 °C-1100 °C), degradation rates were controlled. Longitudinal immersion data revealed a phase-dependent divergence in mass-transport phenomena. Fitting the dissolution data to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model differentiated a rapid, quasi-Fickian dissolution in amorphous-rich variants (<i>n</i> = 0.25) from a diffusion-governed mechanism in highly crystalline matrices (<i>n</i> = 0.58). This diffusion-mediated pathway resulted in a controlled mass loss of 2.59% over 21 days. Consequently, the localized interfacial pH was maintained within a physiological range (7.4-8.0), suppressing alkaline-induced cytotoxicity and sustaining MC3T3-E1 metabolic activity (≈300%). Deciphering the dissolution kinetics of these matrices establishes a quantitative, predictive framework that enables <i>a priori</i> estimation of degradation profiles based solely on thermal processing history and phase composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":"4714-4723"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}