Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"Oral exposure to ovalbumin alters glucose metabolism in sensitized mice: upregulation of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis.","authors":"Fangfang Min, Zhongliang Wang, Huming Shao, Shuangyan Zheng, Youdou Cheng, Wenfeng Liu, Jian Wang, Meini Wang, Yong Wu, Hongbing Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04019h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04019h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food allergies are pathological adverse reactions against harmless dietary proteins. While studies have shown the involvement of host metabolic changes (<i>e.g.</i>, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism) in the development of food allergy (FA), the adaptive changes in glucose metabolism induced by food allergen exposure remain largely unclear. In this study, BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with an ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum adjuvant, followed by oral OVA challenges to induce anaphylaxis. Increased levels of serum OVA-specific IgE and MCPT-1, and Th2 response bias were also presented in FA mice. Subsequently, the intestinal untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed the signature enrichment of glycolysis, manifested by increases in glycolytic metabolites including glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, 2-phosphoglycerate, and lactate in FA mice. Consistently, the serum lactate level was found to be significantly elevated in allergic mice. Oral administration of OVA also upregulated the expression of critical metabolic enzymes in glycolysis, namely hexokinase 2, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway was activated in FA mice, and the expression of HIF-1α, known as the upstream regulator of glycolysis, was increased after oral OVA challenges. <i>In vitro</i> inhibition of HIF-1α was found to impede mast cell inflammatory responses to allergens. In summary, this study demonstrated that OVA-induced FA exhibited a glucose metabolic feature of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis upregulation, suggesting the potential of HIF-1α/glycolysis targeted strategies in the alleviation of FA.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the dietary intake of flavonoids and the risk of albuminuria.","authors":"Feng Jiang, Tiantian Zheng, Yong Jie Li","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03589e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo03589e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Prior experimental investigations have highlighted the beneficial effects of flavonoid consumption on renal function. However, a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on modulating albuminuria risk within population-based epidemiological studies is still limited. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the correlation between flavonoid intake and albuminuria risk, while also shedding light on the potential mediating influence of inflammation in this association. <i>Methods</i>: We utilized data from 29 940 participants spanning three cycles (2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We employed rigorous analytical methods, encompassing logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and mediation analysis, to assess the link between dietary flavonoid intake and albuminuria risk. <i>Results</i>: Our findings reveal consistent negative associations between total flavonoids and specific subclasses, including flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, and catechins, and the risk of albuminuria. Specifically, after adjusting for confounding factors, each logarithmic unit increase in these flavonoid categories was associated with a decrease in albuminuria risk ranging from 3% to 12%. The mediating proportion of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the relationships between the intake of total flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, catechins, and flavan-3-ols and albuminuria risk was 7.3%, 5.6%, 2.3%, 7.7%, and 4.6%, respectively. <i>Conclusions</i>: These results indicate that increased consumption of flavonoid-rich foods contributes to a reduced risk of albuminuria.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycosylation of oyster peptides by COS ameliorates zinc deficiency-induced syndromes: intestinal inflammation and imbalance of the gut microbiota <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Xuening Yu, Guang Li, Shuling Zhou, Xiaoyang Liu, Fawen Yin, Deyang Li, Dayong Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04200j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04200j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc is essential for maintaining the integrity and repair of small intestinal epithelial cells while zinc deficiency could induce the inflammatory infiltration and imbalance of intestinal flora in the intestine. In this study, glycosylation between oyster protein hydrolysate (OPH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was conducted and used as the carrier of zinc ions (OCZn). The results of zeta potential and particle size distribution showed that the OPH-COS successfully bound to zinc ions to form OCZn with a surface zinc content of 0.56% (scanning electron microscopy). In addition, OCZn was found to exhibit good intestinal digestion by <i>in vitro</i> simulated digestion microscopy, while TSQ fluorescence staining revealed the presence of free zinc ions released from OCZn in the intestinal cells. In the zinc deficiency-induced mouse model, a moderate dose of OCZn (zinc: 6.96 mg kg^-1) showed significant restorative effects on colonic inflammation (IL-1β: 28.20 pg per mg·protein, IL-6: 27.73 pg per mg·protein), protein expressions of HO-1 and ZO-1, oxidative stress (the liver and kidneys), and imbalance of the gut microbiota, increasing microbial diversity and abundance (ratio of <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroides</i>). Zinc deficiency triggered the abundance of <i>Proteobacteria</i> (risk of diseases), while the dominant bacteria were mainly restored to <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Parabacteroides</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Alloprevotella</i>, and <i>Muribaculaceae</i> following the administration of OCZn. This study provided a theoretical basis for improving the inflammatory infiltration of the colon and the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by zinc deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camel milk extracellular vesicles/exosomes: a fascinating frontier in isolation and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Abdelnaser A Badawy, Salma M El-Hofey, Amira M Shaban, Sahar E Orif, Yiğit Uyanıkgil, Mohammed A El-Magd","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04331f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04331f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Camel milk has a unique composition that sets it apart from other types of animal milk, which has captured the interest of medical and scientific communities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mainly contain exosomes (Exos, 30-200 nm) and microvesicles (MVs, 200-1000 nm). Camel milk EVs, particularly Exos, which we named EVs/Exos, have arisen as a fascinating area of scientific inquiry, holding enormous potential for the future of biomedicine due to their anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic nephropathy, and immunostimulatory impacts. Camel milk EVs/Exos affect the antioxidant status and oxidative stress differently depending on the target cells. They boosted ROS in cancer cells but improved the antioxidant state in healthy cells. Camel milk EVs/Exos have distinct exosomal lactoferrin and kappa casein mRNAs, which could be responsible for their anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Due to the high fat content of milk, there is a lack of established protocols for the precise isolation of EVs/Exos from milk, despite the increasing interest in this area of study. This review highlighted the techniques employed for milk EV/Exo isolation and characterization, acknowledging the challenges faced by researchers and the latest advancements in overcoming these hurdles. This review also detailed the potential of camel milk EVs/Exos in therapeutic applications. This comprehensive analysis positions camel milk EVs/Exos at the forefront of scientific inquiry, paving the way for groundbreaking discoveries in the years to come.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astaxanthin promotes the longevity of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans via</i> modulation of the intracellular redox status and PHA-4-mediated autophagy.","authors":"Feng Ding, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03490b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo03490b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid which has been associated with a number of health-promoting effects, including anti-aging; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, it was found that astaxanthin promoted the longevity of wild-type (N2) <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>). The lifespan-extending effect of astaxanthin was associated with a significant decrease of lipofuscin accumulation and the reduction of the age-related decline in spontaneous motility. Meanwhile, astaxanthin enhanced the oxidative stress resistance in <i>C. elegans</i>, preventing the elevation of the reactive oxygen species and alleviating juglone-induced toxicity. Further studies revealed that astaxanthin treatment induced the expression of the <i>skn-1</i> gene; besides, the lifespan-extending effect of astaxanthin relied on SKN-1. Additionally, the expression of <i>age-1</i>, a PI3K homolog gene, and <i>let-363</i>, a target of the rapamycin (TOR) homolog gene, was decreased, while the expression of PHA-4, a transcription factor negatively regulated by TOR signaling, was increased by astaxanthin treatment. PHA-4 has been demonstrated to regulate the expression of genes playing critical roles in the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). Consistently, several key genes related to ALP, including <i>lgg-1</i>, <i>atg-5</i>, <i>vps-34</i>, <i>ncr-1</i> and <i>asm-1</i> were upregulated in <i>C. elegans</i> treated with astaxanthin. Knockdown of <i>pha-4</i> expression by siRNA prevented the elevation of the above ALP-related genes, while diminishing the lifespan-extension effect of astaxanthin. Overall, these results indicated that astaxanthin prolonged the lifespan of <i>C. elegans via</i> modulating the intracellular redox status and promoting PHA-4-mediated autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of EPA and DHA on aging-related sarcopenia in mice and possible mechanisms involved.","authors":"Zi-Jian Wu, Ying-Chao Li, Yan Zheng, Meng-Qing Zhou, Hui Li, Shi-Xiang Wu, Xin-Yue Zhao, Yu-Hong Yang, Lei Du","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04341c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04341c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sarcopenia frequently occurs with aging and leads to major adverse impacts in elderly individuals. The protective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against aging-related sarcopenia have been demonstrated; however, the effect and underlying mechanism of EPA or DHA alone remain inconclusive. Hence, the present study was aimed to clarify the differential effects and possible mechanisms of EPA and DHA on aging-related sarcopenia. In this study, two-month-old and eighteen-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with an AIN-93M diet and an AIN-93M diet containing 1% EPA or 1% DHA for 24 weeks, respectively. The results revealed that EPA and DHA supplementation effectively alleviated the decline in grip strength, skeletal muscle mass, and myofiber cross-sectional areas in aged mice, with EPA exhibiting a better effect against aging-related sarcopenia than DHA. The ROS scavenging role of EPA in aged skeletal muscle was also superior to that of DHA. Additionally, EPA showed a stronger role in improving protein turnover and myogenesis in aged skeletal muscle, as evidenced by suppressing the activation of FoxO3a and NF-κB, blunting the expression levels of muscle atrophy markers MAFbx and MuRF1, activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and elevating MyoD expression. Moreover, EPA also revealed a better effect on inhibiting mitochondria- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in aged skeletal muscle. Furthermore, EPA manifested a more pronounced effect on improving mitochondrial damage of aged skeletal muscle than DHA, and the reason might be due to its superior capability of regulating mitochondrial quality control, as clearly shown by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through the AMPK/PGC-1α-dependent pathway, restraining the loss of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins including Opa1, Mfn2, and Fis1, and promoting mitophagy <i>via</i> the PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahydrocurcumin alleviates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and testicular toxicity in adult mice: possible involvement of adiponectin-adipoR signaling in the testis.","authors":"Choirul Anwar, Yu-Chi Chu, Mei-Ling Tsai, Chi-Tang Ho, Ching-Shu Lai","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04271a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04271a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Widespread exposure to endocrine disruptors is associated with metabolic dysfunction and reproductive toxicity. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has attracted attention as it offers protection against obesity and metabolic disorders due to its potent antioxidative and diverse biological properties but its influence and underlying mechanism of action on adipose tissue function and DEHP-induced testicular injury remain unknown. Our results showed that THC (100 mg kg^-1 day^-1) administration for 27 weeks enlarged adipocytes while attenuating macrophage infiltration and IL-6 expression in the adipose tissue of male C57BL/6J mice exposed to 5 mg kg^-1 day^-1 of DEHP. Moreover, THC ameliorated DEHP-induced deregulation of adiponectin but not leptin. DEHP caused testicular histological damage, spermatogenesis impairment, apoptosis, inflammation, and AGE, which were improved by THC. THC treatment elevated Nrf2/HO-1 and decreased Glut1 in interstitial Leydig cells, which may contribute to its beneficial effects on the testis. Our results further demonstrated that THC also ameliorated circulating adiponectin and testicular adipoR1-AMPK signaling, partially accounting for the improvement of DEHP-caused testicular dysfunction. The finding of this study revealed that THC is a promising candidate for improving adipose and testicular dysfunction caused by DEHP.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of the effect of new food prototypes based on fermented lentil and quinoa flours on the colonic microbiota of older adults through a static <i>in vitro</i> colonic fermentation model.","authors":"Elena Gomez-Gomez, Andrea Asensio-Grau, Ana Heredia, Jorge García-Hernández, Joaquim Calvo-Lerma, Ana Andrés","doi":"10.1039/d4fo03190c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo03190c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In view of the increasing demand for plant-based protein alternatives, along with the increased protein requirements of older adults, the formulation of new food concepts based on protein-rich ingredients from legumes or pseudo-cereals seems a promising approach. Previous studies have found that solid-state fermentation can improve the nutritional value and digestibility of plant-based commodities; however, scarce evidence exists regarding the effect on prebiotic potential. This study aimed to compare the effect of fermented and unfermented quinoa and lentil flours on the colonic microbiota, as well as that of new food prototypes (gels and breads) made with the flours. After simulating static colonic fermentation of the substrates by using a pool faecal inoculum obtained from four older adults, the microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA, gas chromatography GC-FID) were determined. The results showed statistically significant changes in the microbiota at the genus taxonomic level in the range of -5.8% to +17.6% relative abundance. Common findings in all experiments were increased <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Acidaminococcus</i> and <i>Parabacteroides</i> and decreased <i>Asteroleplasma</i>, Oscillospiraceae UCG-002 group and <i>Alistipes</i>, as well as increased SCFA production. Overall, the food matrix (flour, gel or bread) was the variable that most affected the changes in the microbiota composition and diversity, while the impact of fermentation of the lentils or quinoa was not statistically significant for most cases. Concretely, the gel-like prototypes produced the most beneficial changes in microbiota composition, while the bread-like formulations were more favourable for increased SCFA and decreased bSCFA production. In conclusion, new food prototypes based on lentil and quinoa flour could have beneficial prebiotic potential. However, few additional advantages were observed from previous solid-state fermentation for obtaining the fermented lentils and quinoa flour.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> Y01 reduces HFD-induced obesity <i>via</i> altering gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles and modulating adipose tissue macrophage M1/M2 polarization.","authors":"Yujing Wang, Yu Xue, Huan Xu, Qian Zhu, Kaili Qin, Zhonglei He, Aixiang Huang, Min Mu, Xinrong Tao","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04301d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04301d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity-related metabolic syndrome is intimately associated with infiltrated adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders. <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> holds the potential to mitigate obesity; however, there exist strain-specific functionalities and diverse mechanisms, which deserve extensive exploration. This study aims to explore the potential of <i>P. acidilactici</i> Y01, isolated from traditional sour whey, in alleviating HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in mice and elucidating its underlying mechanism. The results showed that <i>P. acidilactici</i> Y01 could inhibit the increase of body weight gain, the deposition of fat, lipid disorders and chronic low-grade inflammation, improve glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and could reduce adipose tissue inflammation by decreasing M1-type ATMs and increasing M2-type ATMs. Meanwhile, <i>P. acidilactici</i> Y01 significantly increased the abundance of potentially beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as <i>Akkermansia</i>, <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>norank_f__Muribaculaceae</i>, and <i>Parabacteroides</i>, and partially restored the levels of metabolites, such as phosphatidylcholines, glycerophosphocholines, sphingolipids and unsaturated fatty acids. The fecal microbiota transplantation experiment demonstrated that <i>P. acidilactici</i> Y01 ameliorated obesity-related metabolic syndrome by modulating the polarization of M1/M2 ATMs mediated by gut microbiota. Overall, as a dietary supplement, <i>P. acidilactici</i> Y01 has good potential in the prevention and treatment of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of astaxanthin on the capacity of gut microbiota to produce tryptophan catabolites.","authors":"Pengfei Ren, Biqian Wei, Wanting Qin, Qingjuan Tang, Yuming Wang, Changhu Xue","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04890c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04890c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study utilized <i>in vitro</i> colonic fermentation to examine the impact of astaxanthin on the microbial catabolism of tryptophan. Astaxanthin significantly altered the gut microbiota and raised the tryptophan catabolism metabolite levels in an <i>in vitro</i> human colonic fermentation system. To eliminate the influence of substrate availability, we conducted <i>in vitro</i> colonic fermentation of the gut microbiota of astaxanthin-domesticated mice. We observed that the capacity of astaxanthin-domesticated gut microbiota to catalyze the conversion of tryptophan to indole and derivatives was considerably augmented. Astaxanthin significantly increased the relative abundance of <i>Akkermansia</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> and elevated the levels of indole-3-lactic acid and indole-3-propionic acid. These results demonstrated that astaxanthin regulates tryptophan metabolism by modifying gut microbiota and increasing the levels of indole metabolites, such as indole-3-lactic acid and indole-3-propionic acid. This study provides insights into the physiological activity of astaxanthin and sheds light on the potential for enhancing tryptophan metabolism through dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}