Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"High flavonoid diet alleviates chronic stress in cancer patients by optimization of the gut microbiota.","authors":"Yue Li, Jiaqi Dong, Shuai Wang, Renhui Xiong, Xinmei Kang","doi":"10.1039/d5fo02560e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo02560e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Scope</i>: Cancer patients face long-term psychological stress due to the fear of death, economic burden, and pain caused by the disease. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of flavonoid diets on chronic stress in cancer patients. <i>Methods and results</i>: In this study, cancer patients were subjected to a high flavonoid diet (<i>n</i> = 15) or normal diet (<i>n</i> = 15). Their chronic stress status, quality of life and immune function were evaluated at the beginning and end of a 12-week diet intervention. The high flavonoid diet significantly alleviated anxiety, depression, and perceived stress in cancer patients (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The stress indicators in their plasma and saliva also decreased after the flavonoid diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The anxiety and depression behaviors of mice improved after receiving fecal microbiota transplantation from cancer patients receiving a high flavonoid diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The distribution of the gut microbiota changed, and butyric acid levels increased significantly in the FMT mice from the high flavonoid group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The selected components of flavonoid (quercetin) caused similar changes in the behavioral experiments and gut microbiota of chronic stress mice. <i>Conclusion</i>: High levels of flavonoid intake can significantly improve the chronic stress status and quality of life of cancer patients, and the effects may be mediated by the optimization of the gut microbiota and their metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145204966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the Maillard reaction products of oyster peptides and chitosan oligosaccharide in chelation with zinc: restoring testicular injury and the testosterone synthesis pathway.","authors":"Xuening Yu, Shijie Dou, Rui Liu, Xiaoyang Liu, Yoshimasa Nakamura, Dayong Zhou","doi":"10.1039/d5fo01313e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo01313e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, an oyster peptide-chitosan oligosaccharide complex (MOC) was prepared <i>via</i> the Maillard reaction (1.2 : 1, 90 °C, 5 h), followed by zinc chelation (30 °C, 30 min) to form MOCZn, achieving 84.5% zinc-binding capacity. Characterization revealed that MOCZn had a compact secondary structure, increased particle size (1338-1971 nm), improved thermal stability, and attenuated zinc crystal peaks. <i>In vitro</i> digestion showed high stability (soluble zinc: 2.17 mg L^-1). In zinc-deficient mice, MOCZn increased body weight, restored organ indices, and elevated serum zinc. A medium dose normalized oxidative stress markers (AKP: 0.16 King units per gprot; CAT: 1.79 U per mgprot; GSH: 43.07 μmol L^-1; MDA: 0.72 nmol per mgprot; NO: 9.12 μmol L^-1; SOD: 105.60 U per mgprot) and reduced inflammatory gene expression (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). MOCZn also reversed zinc deficiency-induced dysregulation of testosterone synthesis genes (downregulated P450SCC, StARD7, HSD17B3; upregulated StAR), mitigating testicular damage (testosterone levels).</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> fecal fermentation characteristics and impact on gut microbiota abundance and metabolism of <i>Brassica rapa</i> L. polysaccharides extracted using natural deep eutectic solvents <i>vs.</i> hot water.","authors":"Dongdong Guo, He Qian, Xiaoxiao Li, Hanyi Hua","doi":"10.1039/d5fo02830b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo02830b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a continuous <i>in vitro</i> fermentation model was employed to systematically compare the structural and functional characteristics of <i>Brassica rapa</i> L. polysaccharides extracted using hot water extraction (HWE) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). After 48 h of fermentation, BRL-E1 exhibited markedly lower molecular weight (1941 Da (BRL-E1) <i>vs.</i> 13 941 Da (BRL-1)), viscosity, and structural complexity compared to BRL-1. Morphological analysis revealed that both polysaccharides underwent progressive depolymerization from their initial honeycomb-like (BRL) and aggregated-cluster (BRL-E) architectures into more uniform, fragmented forms. Importantly, dynamic fermentation parameters, including total sugar concentration, pH, and enzymatic activity, showed significant variation over time for both BRLs, indicating distinct fermentation behaviors. Functionally, both polysaccharides enhanced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, but elicited divergent microbial modulation patterns. Specifically, BRL acted synergistically with the positive control (POS) to selectively enrich SCFA-producing and anti-inflammatory genera, including <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium</i>. In contrast, BRL-E demonstrated a unique prebiotic profile, significantly promoting the proliferation of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> species. Metabolomic profiling further revealed that both BRLs significantly upregulated a range of host-microbiota co-metabolites, including spermidine, indole derivatives (3-indolealdehyde and 3-indoleacetic acid), taurocholic acid, and vitamin B₂. These metabolites are involved in key metabolic pathways-such as purine metabolism, tryptophan/phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism, the arginine-proline cycle, and glutathione-mediated redox homeostasis-together contributing to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the extraction method significantly influences the structural properties and fermentation dynamics of BRLs, which in turn shape their functional capacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternative proteins support somatic and muscular development while remodeling the microbiome in zebrafish.","authors":"Christina A Nykyforuk, Laurel A Ford, Emilie C Torwalt, Morgan V Steffler, Anwyn F Neraasen, Joshua C Lind, Connor B Stewart, Aaron Boyd, Arash Shahriari, David C Madsen, Keith B Tierney","doi":"10.1039/d5fo01990g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo01990g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein intake is fundamental to growth, well-being and long-term health. Unfortunately, many diets rely upon animal-based proteins, which are environmentally costly. To feed a growing population, alternative protein sources will be necessary. To determine the health implications of switching entirely away from animal-based diets, we fed alternative proteins to a model vertebrate during development. Zebrafish were fed diets including protein from fishmeal, pea, milk and whey, and their growth and health were monitored. Most diets supported growth, with the exception of those high in whey and milk protein, which resulted in fish that were ∼10% shorter in body length and had muscle fibers ∼30% smaller than control. Of interest, genes associated with insulin sensitivity and fat storage were upregulated in some diets (<i>lepr</i>, 2 to 3.5 fold, and <i>fasn</i>, 2.5 to 4 fold, respectively). The microbiome changed dramatically between animal and alternative proteins, shifting from Fusobacteriota to Proteobacteria dominance, with <i>Cetobacterium</i> positively affecting health, and <i>Aeromonas</i> doing the opposite. Our findings indicate that more environmentally friendly diets can lead to healthy outcomes, but that the protein source is critically important.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in mining hypolipidemic bioactive compounds from animal-derived foods.","authors":"Jieying Ou, Yuzhuo Wang, Yuxin Li, Simiao Liu, Xinfang Kou, Fazheng Ren, Xuemei Wang, Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5fo02817e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo02817e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperlipidemia, a prevalent chronic condition, significantly threatens human health. Growing evidence indicates that bioactive components from animal-derived foods exhibit promising hypolipidemic potential. However, their role in hyperlipidemia management has not been fully recognized. This review systematically compiles the latest findings on mining hypolipidemic bioactive compounds through the valorization of animal-derived foods. It emphasizes innovative extraction techniques and summarizes the hypolipidemic properties and molecular targets of different compounds. Their mechanisms of action are explored, encompassing both direct involvement in lipid metabolism (such as the regulation of fat, cholesterol, and bile acid metabolism) and indirect modulation (such as the impact on the gut microbiota, glucose metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress). Lastly, future research directions are proposed, including by-product utilization, virtual screening, system construction, multi-target and biomarker mining, and clinical research promotion. This review aims to promote the high-value utilization of animal-derived foods and contribute towards the development of more targeted hypolipidemic functional foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amelioration effects of <i>Cajanus cajan</i> extracts and the active ingredient pinostrobin on hyperuricemia and related kidney injury.","authors":"Xiancai Li, Wanjie Yu, Liyuan Yao, Fen Liu, Yongqing Li, Binghong Xiong, Jin Xie, Sheng-Xiang Qiu","doi":"10.1039/d5fo01806d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo01806d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of hyperuricemia-related diseases. <i>Cajanus cajan</i> (L.) Millsp. (pigeon pea) is a traditional medicine and food homologous plant. Here, we found that the EtOAc extract of pigeon pea (EEP) and the active ingredient pinostrobin (PSB) showed strong XO inhibitory effects with IC₅₀ = 72.83 μg mL^-1 and 16.07 μM, respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that PSB is a reversible competitive inhibitor. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to explore the mechanisms of inhibitory activity difference against XO between PSB and its structural analogue naringenin-7,4'-dimethyl ether (NDE). Finally, we demonstrated in mice that EEP and PSB possess urate-lowering and renal protective activities, including organ coefficient assessment, transcriptome profiling, metabolomic profiling, kidney histological section evaluation, and analysis of fibrosis- and inflammation-related gene expression. Conclusively, these findings suggest that pigeon pea and PSB are promising anti-hyperuricemia agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resveratrol attenuates <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i>-infected colitis by remodeling the gut microbiota structure and inhibiting CD4⁺ cell activation in mice.","authors":"Junzhu Li, Xin Feng, Yizhi Jing, Haidong Qian, Yun Ji, Yanling Hao, Zhengyuan Zhai","doi":"10.1039/d5fo02302e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo02302e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious enteritis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestine, mainly characterized by immune cell infiltration and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol compound from grapes, berries and peanuts, is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the effects of resveratrol in a murine model of <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i>-induced colitis. Resveratrol ameliorated disease symptoms, body weight loss, colon shortening, and increased intestinal permeability. Histological and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that resveratrol improved intestinal barrier integrity by increasing goblet cells, upregulating MUC-2 expression, reducing crypt hyperplasia, and suppressing epithelial cell apoptosis. Resveratrol significantly decreased the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-22 (IL-22), while restoring the percentage of CD4⁺ cells to normal levels. It also attenuated oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Furthermore, resveratrol reshaped the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of obligate anaerobes <i>Clostridium</i> and decreasing the abundance of facultative anaerobes Enterobacteriaceae. The abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and <i>Dubosiella</i> was also significantly increased by resveratrol. In summary, these findings demonstrate that resveratrol supplementation may serve as a promising nutritional strategy to ameliorate <i>C. rodentium</i> colitis by inhibiting CD4⁺ cell activation and remodeling the gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> fermented hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>) seeds modulate the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways to alleviate autoimmune inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis mice.","authors":"Lingyue Shan, Ramachandran Chelliah, Sejin Park, Yewon Lee, Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi, Deoghwan Oh","doi":"10.1039/d5fo00818b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo00818b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that severely affects patients' quality of life. Growing evidence links the gut microbiota, metabolism, and immune regulation to RA, driving interest in gut-targeted therapies. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i>-fermented hemp seeds (FHS) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse models. FHS intervention significantly reduced joint swelling, cartilage and synovial damage, and systemic inflammation while restoring mobility and balancing CD4⁺ T cell differentiation. Compared to <i>L. plantarum</i> alone, FHS demonstrated superior efficacy. Additionally, FHS modulated RA-associated gut bacteria, including <i>Clostridium disporicum</i>, <i>Duncaniella dubosii</i>, <i>Eisenbergiella massiliensis</i>, <i>Waltera intestinalis</i>, and <i>Muribaculum gordoncarteri</i>, while restoring RA-suppressed species like <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, <i>Konateibacter massiliensis</i>, <i>Lactobacillus johnsonii</i>, <i>Ruminococcus champanellensis</i>, and <i>Phocaeicola vulgatus</i>. FHS also influenced key metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, stearic acid, oleic acid, taurine, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, linoleic acid, and L-tyrosine, impacting metabolic pathways linked to RA progression. Notably, indolelactic acid, homovanillic acid, and bioactive peptides in FHS were absorbed into the bloodstream, exerting direct anti-inflammatory effects. These findings underscore FHS's potential as a therapeutic functional ingredient for RA, offering insights into its mechanisms through gut microbiota modulation and metabolic regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing cognitive memory function using <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> polysaccharides <i>via</i> modulating autophagy and reshaping the gut microbiota.","authors":"Jia-De Chen, Sheng-Yi Chen, Chia-Chien Liao, Cheng-Yu Fang, Gow-Chin Yen","doi":"10.1039/d5fo03048j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo03048j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque buildup, Tau hyperphosphorylation, and gut microbiota imbalance. Natural polysaccharides have been shown to mitigate cognitive decline by regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis and autophagy, inhibiting neuroinflammation, enhancing Aβ efflux, and facilitating the clearance of Tau protein. <i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> polysaccharides (PEP) exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota-modulating properties in colitis and obese mice. However, the potential of PEP in AD prevention remains unclear, prompting the need to investigate the underlying mechanisms of PEP in AD prevention. Physicochemical analysis characterized PEP (MW: 1.182 × 10³ kDa) as a non-crystalline, heat-stable α-acidic pyran heteropolysaccharide composed of galactose and arabinose monosaccharides. <i>In vivo</i> results showed that PEP administration significantly alleviated cognitive decline by reducing neuroinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and MDA levels while increasing anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4 and IL-10) and antioxidants (SOD, catalase, and GPx) in AlCl₃-treated rats. Mechanistically, PEP upregulated autophagy-related proteins (Atg5, Beclin1, and LC3B) and LRP1 expression while downregulating AD-related proteins (BACE1, APP, Aβ, and phospho-Tau^Ser404). Additionally, PEP treatment elevated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and SCFA-producing bacteria, particularly the <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>. In summary, PEP demonstrated preventive effects by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, autophagy-inducing, AD-related protein-suppressing, and microbiota-modulating properties, alleviating cognitive impairment in rats subjected to AlCl₃ treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multi-omics and machine learning approach reveals the mechanism of nicotinamide alleviating PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity.","authors":"Yadong Zhang, Siqi Zhu, Jingyi Ren, Huanting Pei, Rui Wen, Chongyue Zhang, Xiaoya Sun, Weijie Yang, Yuxia Ma","doi":"10.1039/d5fo02955d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo02955d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) is a persistent environmental contaminant with well-documented hepatotoxic properties. Nicotinamide, the amide derivative of vitamin B3, is widely utilized as a nutritional supplement and exerts multiple biological benefits. Nonetheless, its potential protective effects against PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity have not yet been reported. <i>Methods</i>: Male mice were administered PFOS (10 mg kg^-1) or vehicle by gavage for 28 days. Transcriptomics, proteomics, machine learning, and network topology algorithms were integrated to identify candidate biomarkers. Up- and down-regulated proteins were queried against the Connectivity Map (CMap) database to predict therapeutic nutrients. <i>In vitro</i>, AML12 cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of nicotinamide and subjected to PFOS-induced injury. The binding of nicotinamide to target proteins was assessed by molecular docking, and its protective effects were validated experimentally. <i>Results</i>: <i>In vivo</i>, PFOS exposure induced marked histological damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the mouse liver tissue. Integrated multi-omics analysis identified nucleophosmin (Npm1) as a potential biomarker of PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity. CMap analysis predicted nicotinamide as a candidate therapeutic nutrient. Molecular docking indicated strong binding affinity between nicotinamide and Npm1. <i>In vitro</i>, nicotinamide pretreatment enhanced cell viability and reduced Npm1 protein expression in PFOS-injured AML12 cells. <i>Conclusion</i>: Npm1 may serve as a critical biomarker of PFOS-induced liver injury. Nicotinamide exerts hepatoprotective effects by downregulating Npm1, supporting its potential as a nutritional intervention against PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}