Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory potential and its impact on gut microbiota in patients with mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Jinxiu Liu, Yuping Zhang, Xiaoqi Wu, Xiuli Li, Zhaoyi Hou, Bixia Wang, Lili Chen, Fan Lin, Mingfeng Chen","doi":"10.1039/d5fo01094b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo01094b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet can regulate systemic inflammation and the composition of the gut microbiota, which may play a significant role in the development of cognitive impairment. This study aims to explore the impact of inflammatory diets on gut microbes in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to investigate the relationship between these microbes and cognitive function. Dietary inflammatory properties and gut microorganisms were analyzed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) and 16S rRNA in MCI patients. No significant differences in the diversity of the gut microbiota were observed among different E-DII groups. In the anti-inflammatory diet group, the gut microbiomes exhibited higher abundances of <i>Christensenella</i> and <i>Oribacterium</i>, while <i>Streptococcus</i>, <i>Ruthenibacterium</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, and <i>Conservatibacter</i> were significantly more prevalent in the pro-inflammatory diet group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Specific oral and gut genera were found to be associated with MoCA, AVLT-LR, and STT-A scores (<i>P</i> < 0.05). A higher dietary inflammatory index was linked to lower overall cognitive function, as well as deficits in language, attention, and executive function. Additionally, specific gut microbial compositions were associated with cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the DailyColors™ polyphenol supplement on serum proteome, cognitive function, and health in older adults at risk of cognitive and functional decline.","authors":"Mary O'Leary, Joanna L Bowtell, Megan Richards, Esra Bozbaş, Abbie Palmer, Kate Stych, Monica Meng, Adam Bloomfield, Lauren Struszczak, Jack Pritchard, Celeste Lugtmeijer, George Vere, Raif Yücel, Ana Rodriguez Mateos, Zicheng Zang, Jonathan C Y Tang, Clive Ballard, Anne Corbett","doi":"10.1039/d4fo06259k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo06259k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced mortality and cognitive decline, largely due to its polyphenol content. However, Western populations often do not meet recommended fruit and vegetable intakes. Polyphenols exert anti-inflammatory effects and may influence extracellular vesicle (EV) dynamics. DailyColors™ is a polyphenol-rich blend inspired by this dietary pattern, containing extracts from 16 fruits, vegetables, and herbs. This 60-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial involved 150 UK adults aged 50+ with a BMI ≥ 25, recruited to complete cognitive and physical fitness assessments <i>via</i> the PROTECT-UK online platform. Participants received either a medium (750 mg) or high (2000 mg) dose of DailyColors™ (∼300 mg and ∼750 mg polyphenols, respectively) or a placebo. A sub-group (<i>n</i> = 15 per group) underwent additional assessments, including blood pressure measurements, characterisation of circulating EVs and tandem-mass-tagged serum proteomics. Significant cognitive benefits were observed, with improvements in reaction time for the high-dose group and accuracy for both active supplement groups. The high-dose group also showed significant physical fitness gains on the Timed Stand test (<i>P</i> < 0.001). All groups significantly improved on the Chair Stand test. Proteomic analysis showed significantly reduced serum protein expression in immune and pre-β1-HDL pathways, suggesting anti-inflammatory effects. Pre-β1-HDL proteins are typically elevated in obesity; their reduction suggests a reversal of this effect. No significant changes were noted in EV concentration or size. DailyColors™ supplementation, may enhance cognitive function, physical fitness, and systemic health in older, overweight adults. These findings warrant further investigation in larger trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deglet Noor date derived polysaccharides lower blood glucose levels and modulate the gut microbiota in a streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic mouse model.","authors":"Hidayat Ullah, Yamina Alioui, Xiaoye Liu, Sharafat Ali, Bing Tang, Hongmei Lu, Yongdui Ruan, Xianjing Hu","doi":"10.1039/d5fo00128e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo00128e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. At present, pharmacotherapy involving synthetic diabetic agents is widely used, but it comes with side effects. In contrast, natural compounds like polysaccharides show promising anti-diabetic activity and are increasingly used alongside conventional therapies, especially in developing countries. This study investigated the effects of crude polysaccharides from Deglet Noor dates (DNP) on type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in male BALB/c mice. DNP was extracted using water, deproteinized, and precipitated with ethanol. Monosaccharide composition was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and diabetic mice received oral DNP supplementation for five weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, food and water intake, cytokine expression, histology, and gut microbiota composition were assessed. HPLC analysis identified mannose, rhamnose, glucose, and galactose as key monosaccharides in DNP. Treatment with DNP significantly reduced blood glucose levels, improved body weight, and normalized food and water intake. It enhances glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin levels while reducing serum lipids, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. DNP also improved pancreatic morphology, restoring the islet structure and increasing cellular density. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17) were reduced, while IL-10 levels increased. In the liver, DNP reduced necrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as indicated by lower SOD and MDA levels. Colon tissue showed restored goblet cells, reduced inflammation, improved crypt structure, and increased mucin-2 expression. Furthermore, DNP reversed STZ-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, increasing microbial diversity and beneficial bacteria while reducing pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, DNP alleviates diabetes by improving glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation while restoring pancreatic, liver, and gut health, highlighting its therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fish oil intervention on type 2 diabetes early risk novel biomarkers in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Zhaoyang Nian, Yuting Lin, Wei Tang, Chunxia Quan, Jing Wen, Xinqian Jin, Zheqing Zhang, Limei Mao","doi":"10.1039/d5fo01018g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo01018g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>: Recent studies on type 2 diabetes (T2D) have identified several novel biomarkers that demonstrate greater stability compared to traditional blood glucose indicators. This trial aimed to investigate the effect of fish oil intervention on these T2D early risk novel biomarkers. <i>Methods</i>: We conducted a 12-week double-blind randomized controlled trial, the healthy middle-aged and elderly participants over 40 years old were randomly divided into the control group, fish oil group 1 (FO1), fish oil group 2 (FO2), and fish oil group 3 (FO3), with each FO group receiving 0.31, 0.62, and 1.24 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. The control group abstained from consuming any fish oil supplements. At week 12, serum samples were collected and compared with the control group to explore the effects of different doses on serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and T2D early risk novel biomarkers. <i>Results</i>: A total of 240 participants were recruited into this double-blind randomized controlled trial, and 201 finally completed the intervention trial, including 57 males and 144 females. The results indicate that after controlling for relevant confounders, a 12-week fish oil intervention dose-dependently increased serum EPA and DHA, while decreasing fasting insulin (FINS), HOMA-IR index (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Concurrently, fasting blood glucose (FBG) exhibited a downward trend across all groups, with significant differences compared with the baseline (<i>P</i> < 0.01); mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1 (MASP1), UA to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (UHR) and lipid-related indices in various groups also demonstrated a decreasing trend, with significant differences compared with the baseline (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <i>Conclusion</i>: Moderate supplementation with fish oil may diminish the early risk of T2D in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults by enhancing insulin sensitivity, and maintaining insulin homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between dietary index for gut microbiota and stroke, and the mediating role of inflammation: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Min Liu, Meng Han, Yan Fu, Dan-Dan Zhang, Yong-Li Zhao, Qiong-Yao Li, Hao Hu, Hai-Hua Guo, Liang-Yu Huang, Chen-Chen Tan, Wei Xu, Lan Tan","doi":"10.1039/d5fo01041a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo01041a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: There has been a growing focus on the link between diet, gut microbiota, and stroke. The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM), a novel indicator reflecting the effect of diet on gut microbiota diversity, has not been extensively studied in relation to stroke. This study aimed to examine the association between DI-GM and stroke, and to explore the potential mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers. <i>Methods</i>: We included 124 943 participants from the UK Biobank without stroke at baseline. The DI-GM was calculated using 24-hour dietary assessments. Cox proportional hazard models were employed to analyze the longitudinal associations of DI-GM with stroke and its subtypes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and subgroup analyses were also performed. Additionally, mediation analyses were conducted to explore the potential mediating role of inflammatory biomarkers between DI-GM and stroke risk. <i>Results</i>: During a median follow-up of 11.08 years, 3741 participants experienced a stroke, including 1626 ischemic strokes and 536 hemorrhagic strokes. After adjusting for covariates in the main model, higher DI-GM was significantly associated with reduced risks of stroke (HR = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.95-0.99, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and ischemic stroke (HR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.94-0.99, <i>P</i> = 0.008), but not hemorrhagic stroke. No significant non-linear association was observed in the RCS analysis. Mediation analyses indicated that inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein, neutrophils, monocytes, leukocytes, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and INFLA-score, partially mediated the association, accounting for 2.82% to 10.40% of the total effect. <i>Conclusions</i>: Higher DI-GM was associated with a reduced risk of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. This protective association may be partially mediated by reductions in serum inflammatory biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorogenic acid and intestinal health: mechanistic insights and therapeutic applications.","authors":"Jinzhao Xu, Xiao Zhao, Shuo Yang, Mengqi Tang, Runan Zhao, Shumeng Hu","doi":"10.1039/d5fo00853k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo00853k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound found in various plant species, has shown considerable potential in the treatment and management of several diseases due to its potent bioactive properties. Increasing evidence indicates that CGA exerts significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects by modulating key signaling pathways, including MAPK, PTEN/Akt, STAT3, and NF-κB/NLRP3. Furthermore, CGA enhances intestinal barrier function and positively influences the gut microbiota composition, making it a promising natural therapeutic agent for conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colorectal cancer. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the most recent research on CGA's role in managing intestinal disorders. It first discusses CGA's chemical structure and pharmacokinetics (including absorption and metabolism), followed by an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms through which CGA mediates its therapeutic effects. These insights aim to advance our understanding of CGA's therapeutic potential in treating intestinal diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sesamin improved growth and overall health in young animals by enhancing gut-liver axis function.","authors":"Chen Chen, Min Qi, Zhiran Xu, Jincheng Wen, Wenjie Tang, Hui Diao, Zhangcheng Li, Yunyun Chu, Fu Feng, Zhiru Tang","doi":"10.1039/d4fo05933f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo05933f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immature gastrointestinal development of infants and young animals made them more vulnerable to stress-related damage, which affected the gut-liver axis and consequently impaired their health and growth. This study used weaned piglets as a model to investigate how dietary sesamin regulated the gut-liver axis and impacted young animal health. We assessed gut-liver tissue morphology, measured key indicators of intestinal barrier damage, mucosal repair, antioxidant and immune pathways in the gut-liver system and serum, and analyzed microbial composition. We further explored the interactions between sesamin and the gut-liver axis through PLS-PM and molecular docking analysis. Results showed that sesamin enhanced intestinal barrier function, reduced liver damage, decreased oxidative stress, promoted anti-inflammatory immune responses, and enriched beneficial microbes, thereby promoting overall growth. Sesamin can enhance the health of young animals by regulating the function of the gut-liver axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> BL300 alleviates DSS-induced Colitis by promoting IgA-mediated Gut Microbiota homeostasis.","authors":"Haowen Jin, Hui Wang, Xin Feng, Xin Ma, Zhengyuan Zhai, Yanling Hao","doi":"10.1039/d5fo00992h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5fo00992h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that is related to excessive inflammation and an imbalance in the gut microbiota. In this study, the effect of five <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>longum</i> strains on alleviating the colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was investigated. Disease activity index (DAI) scores combined with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analysis showed that only <i>B. longum</i> BL300 could significantly alleviate DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that the expression of the intestinal barrier-related protein ZO-1, occludin, claudin-1 and MUC2 was significantly up-regulated. Moreover, transcriptome analysis of the colon tissue combined with RT-qPCR analysis revealed that levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 level was increased after <i>B. longum</i> BL300 intervention. Notably, the IgA production immune network was activated by <i>B. longum</i> BL300, which eliminated pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Escherichia, Shigella</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i> and <i>Prosthecobacter</i>, by forming complexes. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria was significantly increased. These results highlight the anti-inflammatory effect of <i>B. longum</i> BL300 on DSS-induced colitis, indicating its use as a probiotic candidate to support recovery from ongoing colitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of fucoidan in atherosclerosis: a review.","authors":"Qiujian Feng, Jinye Ma, Xuefan Jiang, Wei Wei, Dongchen Xu, Yu Cao, Hui Pei","doi":"10.1039/d4fo05388e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo05388e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis (AS) is a slowly progressive disease that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The development of AS is closely associated with various factors, including disturbances in lipid metabolism, endothelial damage, inflammation, and the formation of unstable plaques. AS is strongly linked to diseases with high incidence and mortality, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, which pose significant economic burdens. Recent studies have focused on identifying effective treatments for preventing and reversing AS. New evidence indicates that fucoidan, a polysaccharide derived from rockweed, possesses lipid-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-protective and prebiotic properties that align with the pathophysiology of AS, making it a promising therapeutic candidate. This review systematically presents recent progress in understanding the anti-atherosclerotic effects of fucoidan, particularly its underlying mechanisms. These mechanisms involve the regulation of lipid levels, reduction of vascular inflammation, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, and protection of the vascular endothelium. These insights are essential for improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mulberry-derived postbiotics alleviate LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and modulate gut microbiota dysbiosis.","authors":"Zaheer Abbas, Baseer Ahmad, Yucui Tong, Jing Zhang, Shuang Wu, Junyong Wang, Zhenzhen Li, Tianqi Liu, Yicong Liu, Xubiao Wei, Dayong Si, Rijun Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d4fo05503a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo05503a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mulberry-derived postbiotics (MDP) have demonstrated promising bioactive properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, their specific role in modulating gut inflammation and microbiota composition remains underexplored. Given the growing interest in functional food ingredients for gut health and managing inflammatory disorders, this study aims to evaluate the effects of MDP in alleviating intestinal inflammation and altering the gut microbiota in an LPS-induced mouse model of systemic inflammation. MDP administration significantly mitigated LPS-induced pathological changes in the intestine, liver, spleen, and kidneys, thereby improving systemic health and immune function. Histological analysis revealed reduced inflammation and tissue damage in the intestinal epithelium, supporting the potential of MDP to improve gut barrier integrity. An antioxidant assay revealed that MDP decreased the malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and increased the enzymatic activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH in response to LPS administration, indicating enhanced cellular antioxidant defenses. Inflammatory cytokine analysis showed that MDP downregulated proinflammatory markers such as <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>MYD88</i>, <i>Nrf2 COX-2</i>, and <i>HO1</i>, while upregulating <i>TLR4</i>, resulting in potential anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the TLR4-NF-κb pathway. Moreover, MDP promoted beneficial alterations in gut microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, which are linked to gut health and inflammation regulation. The changes in gut microbiota composition suggest a potential mechanism by which MDP may help restore gut homeostasis and reduce systemic inflammation. These findings suggest that MDP may serve as promising functional food ingredients that support immune health, reduce inflammation, and promote gut microbiota balance, offering potential applications in fortified foods and nutraceuticals aimed at mitigating inflammatory and metabolic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}