Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"Adherence to a healthy dietary pattern mitigates the detrimental associations between osteosarcopenic adiposity and both all-cause mortality and life expectancy: a cohort study†","authors":"Yixuan Ma, Hengjun Wang, Honghao Yang, Weihao Hong, Hehao Xu, Liangkai Chen, Bing Zhang, Chao Ji and Yang Xia","doi":"10.1039/D4FO03732D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO03732D","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Background and aims</em>: To determine the associations between osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) and both all-cause mortality and life expectancy, and to investigate whether adherence to a healthy diet can modify these associations. <em>Methods</em>: Utilizing data obtained from 201 223 UK Biobank participants, we assessed body composition for OSA and a healthy diet score was used to assess dietary quality. <em>Results</em>: Compared to participants with no body composition abnormality, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause mortality for those with 1, 2, and 3 (OSA) abnormalities were 1.13 (1.08, 1.18), 1.28 (1.21, 1.35), and 2.01 (1.58, 2.56) after adjustments, respectively. Compared with participants with no body composition abnormality, OSA patients with poor dietary patterns had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.96, 4.36) than those with medium (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.37) and healthy dietary patterns (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.34, 5.60). Specifically, a lower intake of fish and a higher intake of processed meat contributed to such different associations. Compared with participants without body composition abnormality, those with 1, 2, and 3 (OSA) body composition abnormalities had 0.31 (95% CI: −0.07, 0.69), 0.62 (95% CI: 0.16, 1.09) and 3.03 (95% CI: 1.05, 5.00) years of reduced life expectancy at age 45 years. <em>Conclusions</em>: Body composition abnormality, particularly OSA, is associated with both increased risk of all-cause mortality and reduced life expectancy. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that adopting a healthy dietary pattern appears to mitigate these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 4","pages":" 1360-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of a high-carbohydrate diet on the cognitive behavior of mice in a low-pressure, low-oxygen environment†","authors":"Weixuan Shang, Yali Huang, Zhiqiang Xu, Lingjin Li, Zhengbiao Gu, Li Cheng and Yan Hong","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04831H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04831H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The effectiveness of high-carbohydrate diets (HCD) on cognitive impairment is still being debated. To clarify the impact of HCD on the cognitive behavior of mice under low-pressure hypoxic conditions, we studied 24 mice in different environments while subjecting them to dietary intervention for 5 weeks, and conducting behavioral tests. Under low-pressure hypoxic conditions, HCD intervention reversed the decline in spatial learning and memory abilities in mice caused by hypoxia, ameliorated pathological brain damage, and restored the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. We also identified differences in the microbial community. Under low-pressure hypoxic conditions, the intestinal abundance of <em>Parasutterella</em> in mice decreased, the abundance of harmful bacteria such as <em>Desulfovibrio</em> increased, and apoptosis was more prevalent, possibly explaining the observed decreases in glutathione peroxidase activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the brain. HCD intervention increased the intestinal abundance of <em>Bifidobacterium</em> in hypoxic mice, reduced the abundances of <em>Desulfovibrio</em> and <em>Faecalibaculum</em>, and played antioxidant roles by lowering malondialdehyde levels and increasing superoxide dismutase activity in the brain by metabolizing amino acids and lipids. HCD also upregulated hippocampal BDNF levels and downregulated caspase 3. Collectively, these results are important because they help explain how HCD intervention can reduce hypoxia-induced damage to brain function.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 3","pages":" 1116-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The alleviation by wheat and oat dietary fiber alone or combined of T2DM symptoms in db/db mice†","authors":"Xinguo Liu, Shaojie Pang, Ge Song, Yong Wang, Wei Fang and Wentao Qi","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04037F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04037F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The effects of wheat and oat dietary fiber (DF) alone or combined on T2DM remain unclear. In this research, <em>db</em>/<em>db</em> diabetic mice were fed with diets containing 10% insoluble wheat dietary fiber (WDF), 10% insoluble oat dietary fiber (ODF), and 10% WODF (mixture of WDF and ODF, WDF : ODF = 1 : 1) for 8 weeks. The results showed that WDF, ODF, and WODF all reduced the body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) and improved oral glucose tolerance in <em>db</em>/<em>db</em> mice. WDF and ODF alone further relieved insulin resistance and decreased the levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c (GHbA1c), and glycosylated serum protein (GSP). In addition, WDF and ODF alone decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in serum. The colon function was improved and similar changes were observed in the gut microbiota structure and abundance in all the DF groups. The change of gut microbiota mainly manifested as reducing F/B ratio at the phylum level, while at the genus level as decreasing <em>Enterococcus</em>, <em>Escherichia</em>–<em>Shigella</em>, <em>Erysipelatoclostridium</em>, and <em>unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae</em> and increase of <em>norank_f_Muribaculaceae</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, and <em>Alistipes</em>. Further testing of colonic bile acids (BAs) revealed that WDF, ODF, and WODF all significantly changed the composition of BAs, mainly reducing the levels of UDCA, HDCA, and 3β-UDCA. WODF further decreased DCA and increased β-MCA, LCA-3S, and 12-KCDCA. Importantly, WODF reduced the values of 12-OH-BAs/non-12-OH-BAs. Moreover, the TGR5 level was up-regulated in both the liver and colon, and the FXR level was up-regulated in the liver while down-regulated in the colon in all the DF groups. Furthermore, for the protein level, IRS-1, p-PI3K/PI3K, and AKT were up-regulated in the liver in all the DF groups, while for the mRNA expression level, GLUT4 was up-regulated, and FOXO1, GSK3β, PEPCK, and PGC-1α were down-regulated. WDF and WODF further up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of GYS and down-regulated that of G6Pase. These results suggested that WDF, ODF, and WODF all can alleviate T2DM through the gutmicrobiota-BAs-TGR5/FXR axis and liver IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway in <em>db</em>/<em>db</em> mice. WDF and ODF alone are beneficial for improving glucose metabolism and inflammation indicators, while WODF helps improve BAs’ profile more in the colon.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 3","pages":" 1142-1156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of collagen types and mineral contents in fish skin and collagen-containing skin-derived protein hydrolysates before and after in vitro simulated digestion","authors":"Min Wang, Yixuan Liu, Noelia Pallarés, Zouhir el Marsni, Katerina Kousoulaki and Francisco J. Barba","doi":"10.1039/D4FO03137G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO03137G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An <em>in vitro</em> digestion model was established to characterize the types of collagens in skin of cod, white fish, and salmon as well as their collagen-containing skin-derived protein hydrolysates (CSPH) before and after digestion. Moreover, the mineral content and their bioaccessibility were evaluated. Finally, the presence of heavy metals was evaluated to assess the safety of these products. The results showed that white fish protein exhibited a high digestibility, reaching up to 92%. Among the collagen products, salmon collagen had the highest digestibility (∼73%). Protein identification revealed that the emPAI of type I collagen in digested skin and CSPH was higher than that of undigested samples. In addition, raw skins had higher contents of P, K, Ca and Mg, and the mineral content of CSPH was lower than that of unprocessed skins. Among the minerals studied, Ca and Cu showed the highest bioaccessibility in raw skin cod, being 32% and 26%, respectively. The bioaccessibility of Cu in raw skin salmon was also higher (∼34%). Moreover, in CSPH, Mg, K and Cu can be easily digested and absorbed. Regarding heavy metals, As and Pb were below the respective safe limits in all raw skins and CSPH, while Hg and Cd were not detected in the fish CSPH. Fish-derived collagen has gained significant attention due to its numerous health benefits, high bioavailability, and superior sustainability compared to animal collagen. Moreover, different types of collagens offer distance roles and advantages in the body. However, there are limited reports on how collagen structure and type may change during the digestive process. This study seeks to deepen our understanding of the economic value of fish collagen, as well as the mechanisms of its absorption and digestion. By investigating processes, the research aims to provide a clearer insight into the physiological effects of fish-derived collagen, which can inform the development of tailored collagen supplementation programs based on specific health needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 3","pages":" 1032-1040"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fo/d4fo03137g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary polyphenols for tumor therapy: bioactivities, nano-therapeutic systems and delivery strategies†","authors":"Minglu Wang, Ying Wang and Hongyan Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04715J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04715J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Various dietary polyphenols have demonstrated potent anti-tumor properties and are being evaluated as potential adjuncts in cancer treatment. Although several reviews have offered extensive insights into the anti-tumor activities of dietary polyphenols, they frequently lack a detailed discussion on the design of therapeutic protocols and targeted delivery strategies of these compounds, which impedes the translation of their biological activity into clinical practice. This article aims to deliver a comprehensive review of the anti-tumor properties of dietary polyphenols, while also examining the design and implementation of nanotherapy systems based on these compounds. Additionally, given the challenges of low water solubility and stability of dietary polyphenols, this article outlines the current methodologies for the formulation and delivery of nano-preparations to enhance tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review aspires to deepen our understanding of the operational mechanisms of dietary polyphenols and expand their clinical applications, thereby facilitating the development of polyphenol-based dietary supplements and food additives, and promoting the progress of dietary polyphenol-related nanomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 3","pages":" 853-866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginger leaf polyphenols mitigate β-amyloid toxicity via JNK/FOXO pathway activation in Caenorhabditis elegans†","authors":"Tao Gao, Ningning Yan, Yaying Pu, Zhonghao Zhang, Zhihao Duan, Zizhong Tang, Daojian Huang, Yanger Chen, Shu Yuan, Xiaorong Yan and Ming Yuan","doi":"10.1039/D4FO03238A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO03238A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >β-Amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is the major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in oxidative stress and further exacerbating Aβ aggregation. Ginger leaf polyphenols (GLP) have been found to possess antioxidant activity, evidencing their potential in addressing AD. GLP is mainly composed of 12 polyphenols, 8 organic acids, and 6 glycosides, of which polyphenols are predominantly composed of apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin derivatives. Moreover, GLP alleviates reproductive toxicity, longevity toxicity, and neurotoxicity induced by Aβ <em>via</em> regulating the antioxidase system in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. As shown by the network pharmacology results, GLP might activate the JNK/Foxo signaling pathway to regulate the antioxidase system, which was evidenced by the up-regulation of gene expression levels of <em>jnk-1</em>, <em>daf-16</em>, <em>sod-3</em>, and <em>hsp-16.2</em>. Overall, GLP might be a potential antioxidant for combating AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 3","pages":" 1072-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of action of indole-3-propionic acid on bone metabolism","authors":"Huimin Xu, Yingzhe Luo, Yi An and Xi Wu","doi":"10.1039/D4FO03783A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO03783A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut microbiota through tryptophan metabolism, has recently been identified as playing a pivotal role in bone metabolism. IPA promotes osteoblast differentiation by upregulating mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), contributing to increased bone density and supporting bone repair. Simultaneously, it inhibits the formation and activity of osteoclasts, reducing bone resorption, possibly through modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and downregulation of osteoclast-associated factors, thereby maintaining bone structural integrity. Additionally, IPA provides indirect protection to bone health by regulating host immune responses and inflammation <em>via</em> activation of receptors such as the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR). This review summarizes the roles and signaling pathways of IPA in bone metabolism and its impact on various bone metabolic disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential and limitations of IPA in treating bone metabolic diseases, aiming to offer novel strategies for clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 2","pages":" 406-421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monascus pilosus SWM-008 red mold rice and its components, monascinol and monascin, reduce obesity in a high-fat diet-induced rat model through synergistic modulation of gut microbiota and anti-lipogenesis","authors":"Chin-Feng Liu, Hui-Tzu Chuang, Chia-Shu Wang, Ya-Wen Hsu, Tzu-Ming Pan and Chun-Lin Lee","doi":"10.1039/D4FO05435K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO05435K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study is the first to explore the effects of the novel yellow pigment monascinol (Msol) from red mold rice (RMR) on reducing body fat and to compare its effects with those of monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK). In a high-fat diet-induced rat model, different doses of RMR fermented rice (RL, RM, RH) and purified Msol, MS, and AK were administered over an 8-week period. The results showed that all treatment groups significantly reduced body weight and fat mass. Msol, in particular, activated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and reducing triglyceride accumulation. All treatments suppressed the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPα, as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In the liver, RL, RM, RH, MS, and AK enhanced the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), ACC, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (CPT-1α), thereby promoting fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, RMR and its active components, MS and Msol, reduced body fat by modulating gut microbiota. These compounds significantly decreased the abundance of bacteria associated with fat storage, such as Oliverpabstia intestinalis, while increasing the abundance of bacteria linked to energy expenditure and lipid breakdown, such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Ruminococcus callidus. Moreover, MS and Msol upregulated proteins involved in fat degradation, such as UCP1, thereby enhancing fat burning and reducing fat accumulation. These regulatory effects suggest that Monascus and its components have potential in managing metabolic health and reducing obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 3","pages":" 966-985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihypertensive effects of rice peptides involve intestinal microbiome alterations and intestinal inflammation alleviation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.","authors":"Juan Li, Wei Wei, Xiaomin Ma, Jing Ji, Xiaomeng Ling, Zhuyan Xu, Yutong Guan, Leyan Zhou, Qiming Wu, Wenhua Huang, Fuguo Liu, Min Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d4fo04251d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo04251d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut dysbiosis serves as an underlying risk factor for the development of hypertension. The resolution of this dysbiosis has emerged as a promising strategy in improving hypertension. Food-derived bioactive protein peptides have become increasingly more attractive in ameliorating hypertension, primarily due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. However, the regulatory mechanisms linking rice peptides (RP), gut dysbiosis, and hypertension remain to be fully elucidated. In our study, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed with chow diet and concomitantly treated with ddH₂O (Ctrl) or varying doses of rice peptides (20, 100, or 500 mg (kg bw day)^-1 designated as low-dose RP, LRP; medium-dose RP, MRP; high-dose RP, HAP) or captopril (Cap) by intragastric administration. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats served as the normotensive control group and were orally administered with ddH₂O. We observed beneficial effects of RP in lowering blood pressure and ameliorating cardiovascular risk profiles, as evidenced by improvements in glucolipid metabolic disorders, hepatic and renal damage, left ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive rats. More importantly, we found that RP attenuated intestinal pathological damage, improved impaired intestinal barrier, and reduced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Notably, multi-omics integrative analyses have revealed that RP altered the composition and function of the gut microbiota. This is exemplified by the observed enrichment of beneficial bacterial constituents, such as <i>g_Lactobacillus</i>, <i>g_Lactococcus</i>, <i>s_Lactobacillus_intestinalis</i>, and <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>, and elevated production of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid metabolites. Collectively, these studies suggest that the hypotensive effects of RP may be associated with modulation of the gut microbiota and its short-chain fatty acids metabolites. This implicates the microbiota-gut-HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB axis as a novel venue for the amelioration of hypertension and its complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142925875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum iron status and gout: results from the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study†","authors":"Canya Fu, Bin Liu, Weiwei Chen, Yu Qiu, Canjie Zheng, Yingying Mao, Zhiying Yin and Ding Ye","doi":"10.1039/D4FO00294F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO00294F","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Aims</em>. Previous observational studies have provided inconsistent evidence for the association between serum iron status and the risk of gout. Moreover, it remains uncertain whether the observed association is causal or due to confounding or reverse causality. This research aimed to investigate the association of serum iron status indicators with the risk of gout and to further examine the causal relationship by the Mendelian randomization (MR) method. <em>Methods.</em> We first conducted a cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018, including a total of 4635 participants. The association of serum iron status indicators with gout risk was evaluated using a multivariable logistic regression model. Furthermore, a two-sample MR study using genetic data from large-scale genome-wide association studies of serum iron status indicators (246 139 individuals) and gout (discovery: 13 179 cases and 75 0634 controls; replication: 5292 cases and 368 788 controls; 2115 cases and 67 259 controls) was conducted to infer causality. Inverse-variance-weighting (IVW) was applied as the main method of MR analysis. A series of sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the robustness of their relationship. <em>Results.</em> In the cross-sectional study, there was no significant relationship between serum iron status indicators and gout risk. However, IVW results showed that genetically predicted serum iron and transferrin saturation (TSAT) were significantly associated with the increased risk of gout in the discovery analysis [odds ratio (OR): 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.32; <em>P</em> = 9.80 × 10<small>⁻⁵</small> for serum iron and OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.08–1.25; <em>P</em> = 7.14 × 10<small>⁻⁵</small> for TSAT]. The replication analysis provided similar results compared with the discovery analysis. <em>Conclusion.</em> Our study provides support for potential causal associations between serum iron and the altered risk of gout. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the biological processes through which iron influences susceptibility to gout.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 2","pages":" 707-719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}