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{"title":"Fabrication of PBAT/lignin composite foam materials with excellent foaming performance and mechanical properties via grafting esterification and twin-screw melting free radical polymerization","authors":"Hongsen Xu,&nbsp;Jingwen Shaoyu,&nbsp;Junyang Jin,&nbsp;Ming Li,&nbsp;Lei Ji,&nbsp;Wei Zhuang,&nbsp;Chenglun Tang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Chang,&nbsp;Hanjie Ying,&nbsp;Chenjie Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s42825-024-00177-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42825-024-00177-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As one of the mainstream biodegradable materials, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) foams offer a sustainable alternative to traditional plastic foams, effectively reducing environmental pollution. However, the high cost and poor mechanical performance of PBAT foams impede their practical application. Herein, the glycidyl methacrylate-grafted biomass lignin (GML) was used to produce a PBAT/GML composite foam with good foaming performance and mechanical properties at high lignin-filling amounts by twin-screw melting free radical polymerization and supercritical CO₂ foaming process. The compatibility of GML in the PBAT matrix was improved due to the formation of ester bonds in modified lignin, endowing the PBAT/GML (PGML) composite foam with exceptional foaming performance. Additionally, the mechanical properties of PGML composite foam were remarkably enhanced due to the introduction of the abundant aromatic structures of GML and the construction of a stable covalent crosslinking network. The compressive strengths and compression modulus of the PGML foam were improved by 2.53 times and 2.47 times, while its bending strength and bending modulus were improved by 1.27 times and 3.92 times compared to the neat PBAT. This research affords a new strategy for developing low-cost biodegradable biomass PBAT/lignin composite foam materials with good foaming performance and mechanical properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leather Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://JLSE.SpringerOpen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42825-024-00177-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics aggravate zinc deficiency-induced inhibition of physiological-biochemical characteristics in apple rootstock Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Both microplastic (MP) pollution and zinc (Zn) deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants. However, the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored. In this study, a pot-culture experiment and ¹³C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth, photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in <em>Malus hupehensis</em> (Pamp.) Rehd seedlings. The results revealed significant reductions in biomass, gas exchange parameters, carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities, and photosynthetic parameters including <em>F</em>_v/<em>F</em>_m, ΦPSII, ETR and <em>q</em>_p in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group. Notably, the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass (RR = −0.42) compared to the single Zn deficiency (RR = −0.37) and MP (RR = −0.26) treatments. Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (37.5 %) had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings, followed by ¹³C accumulation in various organs (26.7 %). MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis (Pn and Gs) under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (<em>F</em>_v/<em>F</em>_m and ΦPSII), further reducing ¹³C accumulation in roots. In conclusion, the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency, weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves, and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots, thereby further inhibiting root growth. This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants, deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks, and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Copper-loaded microplastics unleash endoplasmic reticulum stress-driven liver apoptosis in fish Channa punctatus”","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of plastics has led to significant microplastic pollution, posing threats to environmental and human health. Concerns are growing about the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and their ability to adsorb contaminants like Copper (Cu²⁺). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-MPs and Copper, both individually and together, with a particular focus on triggering Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-driven apoptosis in the liver of <em>Channa punctatus.</em> Well-habituated fish were organized into four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs), Group III (0.85 mg/L Copper), and Group IV (0.5 mg/L PVC-MPs + 0.85 mg/L Copper). The treatment period was 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Various liver parameters were assessed according to standard protocols to understand the repercussions of intoxication. A significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) increment in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) pointed to a substantial rise in oxidative stress. Enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) elevated extents while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) dropped in a duration-dependent pattern. Additionally, lipid peroxidation (LPO) activities surged significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and notable hepato-structural disruptions were observed. The evidence of liver damage was further verified by a significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) rise in concentrations of hepatic biomarkers viz. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, ER-stress was validated through the increased intracellular calcium levels along with the heightened expression of <em>grp78, chop, atf4, perk, eIF2α,</em> and <em>gadd34</em> in exposed groups. This intricate cascade subsequently elicited the activation of <em>bax, caspase-3, caspase-9</em>, and <em>apaf-1</em>, while modulation of <em>bcl-2</em>, thereby driving hepatocyte-apoptosis via ER-stress response in <em>C. punctatus</em>, a widely consumed food-fish. Our findings underscore the toxic threats of Copper-laden PVC-MPs to aquatic life and potentially the broader ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Collagenases: Structures, Functions, and Emerging Therapeutic Horizons.","authors":"Zhen-Zhen Wang, Kang Wang, Ling-Feng Xu, Chang Su, Jin-Song Gong, Jin-Song Shi, Xu-Dong Ma, Nan Xie, Jian-Ying Qian","doi":"10.34133/bdr.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/bdr.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Collagenases, a class of enzymes that are specifically responsible for collagen degradation, have garnered substantial attention because of their pivotal roles in tissue repair, remodeling, and medical interventions. This comprehensive review investigates the diversity, structures, and mechanisms of collagenases and highlights their therapeutic potential. First, it provides an overview of the biochemical properties of collagen and highlights its importance in extracellular matrix function. Subsequently, it meticulously analyzes the sources of collagenases and their applications in tissue engineering and food processing. Notably, this review emphasizes the predominant role played by microbial collagenases in commercial settings while discussing their production and screening methods. Furthermore, this study elucidates the methodology employed for determining collagenase activity and underscores the importance of an accurate evaluation for both research purposes and clinical applications. Finally, this review highlights the future research prospects for collagenases, with a particular focus on promoting wound healing and treating scar tissue formation and fibrotic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":56832,"journal":{"name":"生物设计研究(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visitors' consistent stay behavior patterns within free-roaming scenic architectural complexes: Considering impacts of temporal, spatial, and environmental factors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GPS positioning data are increasingly utilized in environmental behavior studies to explore the spatial-temporal behavioral patterns of individuals. However, individuals' stay behavioral pattern and its influencing factors, which are particularly significant for the design and management of scenic architectural complexes, have not been thoroughly examined. Using GPS trajectory data collected from the Palace Museum in Beijing (China), this paper investigated the visitors' stay behavior patterns associated with temporal, spatial, and environmental influencing factors. Types of stay behavior and characteristics of stay in main stay areas were automatically recognized using Python algorithms for further and quantitative analysis. Results showed that visitors' stay time exhibited a consistent pattern regarding psychological time allocation, a relatively unsignificant pattern regarding lunch hour, and no clear pattern regarding fatigue feature. Grouped regression analysis showed positive linear relationships with similar slopes between the average stay length and the number of stay occurrences in each type of stay area. Partial correlation analysis revealed the underlying connection between the impact of seats and greenery on stay behavior. Individually, each of the two environmental elements showed limited effect on stay frequency and stay length, while incorporating greenery into seating areas would notably increase both stay frequency and stay length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How urban environments affect public sentiment and physical activity using a cognitive computing framework","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Location-based social media data provides a new perspective for understanding the relationship between human behavior and urban environments. However, further research is needed to determine the application of cognitive computing in urban environments and physical activities. This study proposes a cognitive computing framework for urban environments and human activities that extracts knowledge from structured and unstructured data through natural language processing and computer vision techniques. This paper utilizes a Naive Bayes Model constructed based on random reviews, as well as semantic segmentation and instant segmentation algorithms based on convolutional neural networks to obtain information about urban environments and human behavior from social media data and other geospatial resources. This study examines the relationship between the urban environment and residents' activity, including spatiotemporal behavior, public sentiment, and physical activity. The study found statistically significant results in subgroup analyses regarding the effects of urban environments on sentiment and physical activity, which also exhibited a strong social gradient consistent with traditional findings. This study validates the feasibility of using cognitive computing based on social media data to explore environmental behaviors, providing technical support for updating health promotion policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the crosslinking of collagen casing and glutaraldehyde by facilitating the formation of conjugate structure via pH","authors":"Zhe Yu,&nbsp;Jingmin Wu,&nbsp;Ting Zhang,&nbsp;Chi Chen,&nbsp;Yun Ma,&nbsp;Hongxiang Liu,&nbsp;Bor-Sen Chiou,&nbsp;Fei Liu,&nbsp;Jian Li","doi":"10.1186/s42825-024-00172-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s42825-024-00172-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glutaraldehyde (GTA) crosslinking is commonly used to improve the thermal stability and mechanical strength of collagen casings. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal pH of the crosslinking between GTA and collagen as well as the crosslinking mechanisms. The weakly alkaline environment could facilitate the generation of GTA polymerization through the rapid generation of -C = C-C = O and -N = C-C = C- conjugated structures, and enhance the crosslinking reaction of GTA polymers with collagen amino groups. In the pH range of 8–10, the fibril diameter and d-space value declined significantly in the self-assembled collagen fibril-GTA system. Meanwhile, collagen casing films crosslinked with GTA in weakly alkaline conditions exhibited higher mechanical strength and thermal stability. These results suggest that the crosslinking of collagen casings and GTA can be improved by adjusting the pH. Possible crosslinking mechanisms related to the formation of conjugated long chains have also been proposed. This study could provide guidance on the appropriate use of GTA in the production process of collagen casings.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":640,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Leather Science and Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://JLSE.SpringerOpen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42825-024-00172-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study of the emotion cognition based on visual experience: A case study of roadside buildings in the Orio-Hibikino area","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this research is to explore how the design of buildings and spaces affects our comfort. The study examines how our visual surroundings and emotional responses are connected. The hypothesis is that people's emotions are influenced by what they see in the buildings, spaces, and furniture around them. Each personality type may have a unique emotional response to their surroundings. The study has three main goals: to analyze the built environment, to assess psychological well-being, and to conduct neuroscience analysis. The built environment analysis is divided into two groups: architecture design analysis and street view design analysis. The psychological well-being analysis identifies three key factors. The neuroscience analysis shows that rectangular shapes combined with linear ornamentation and calming colors create the most comforting building design. The most comfortable street view includes an abundance of greenery with sun-shading effects. In conclusion, the study confirms that architecture affects our emotions. The factors that contribute to our comfort are stored in our mind and body over time. Our mood and emotional state are influenced by what we see in our surroundings. The questionnaire and experiment results support these conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal migrations as phenomenon of social mobility and territorial experience among architecture students, University of Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internal migration motivated by access to higher education is a relatively unexplored topic in Colombia, leading to a lack of data on its dimensions, characteristics, and impacts on urban space and the emotional conditions of migrants. For this reason, an academic program of architecture in a public university was selected to comprehend the internal migrations of students, exploring their territorial experiences, living conditions, and social mobility capacity. An exploratory methodology was designed to recognize the phenomenon through a descriptive analysis, utilizing institutional data, surveys, and interviews. The research identifies the primary reasons, barriers, and impacts experienced by the migrant population in Ibagué, Colombia. The study concludes with recommendations pertaining to both institutional and urban planning to address these identified challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of wind-driven rain absorption ratio of building exterior finishing materials based on field measurements","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foar.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wind-driven rain (WDR) constitutes a significant source of moisture for building facades, which poses considerable challenges to both the thermal insulation performance and long-term durability of walls. Prior studies have contributed significantly to the understanding of fluid behavior and moisture response of WDR upon impacting walls. However, the quantification of absorbed rainwater by the wall remains elusive. To address this gap, this study focuses on comprehending the dynamic WDR absorption behavior of various exterior finishing materials. Specifically, nine types of finishing materials were selected as research objects and conducted field measurements. The findings reveal that WDR absorption ratio is influenced by physical parameters of materials, surface waterproofing and the cumulative WDR. Leveraging multiple regression fittings, we established an empirical WDR absorption ratio calculation mode. This model serves as a valuable reference for determining building simulation parameters regarding dynamic moisture boundary conditions on the exterior surfaces of walls. By providing empirical insights into WDR absorption, our research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of moisture behavior in building envelopes, thereby aiding in the development of effective strategies for enhancing building performance and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51662,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Architectural Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}