中国医学科学院学报最新文献

{"title":"Advances in the Correlation Between White Matter Hyperintensity and Subjective Cognitive Decline.","authors":"Zhang Jing-Shi, Liu Guo-Yun, Shi An-Qi, Yang Ze-Qiu, Mamuke Yerebake, Wang Jun, Yan Chao-Qun","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the population is aging rapidly,the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)is increasing year by year.The World Health Organization stresses that early prevention plays a key role in reducing the incidence of AD.Subjective cognitive decline(SCD)is an early window of AD development,and timely intervention can effectively slow down the progression of the disease or prevent it from developing into dementia,thus reducing the burden on the society.White matter hyperintensity(WMH)can effectively reflect white matter changes and provide strong evidence to identify SCD.In this paper,we review the recent research progress in WMH and SCD,reveal the problems in the current research on WMH,explain the correlation between WMH and SCD in terms of physiopathology and cognitive function,and put forward several suggestions for the future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Progress of 5-Methylcytosine RNA Methylation in Non-Neoplastic Kidney Diseases.","authors":"Zhang Chen, Zhao Zi-Xia, W U Si, Luan Jun-Jun, Zhou Hua","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA methylation is a key process in the epigenetic regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression.5-Methylcytosine(m⁵C)is a type of RNA methylation,commonly existing in eukaryotic mRNA and non-coding RNAs.It mainly regulates transfer RNA stability,ribosomal RNA assembly,and mRNA translation,stability,and translation.RNA methylation is dynamically reversible and regulated by methyltransferase,demethylase,and methylation recognition protein.It has been confirmed that aberrant m⁵C RNA methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of non-neoplastic kidney diseases.This article summarizes the current progress of m⁵C RNA methylation associated with non-neoplastic acute and chronic kidney diseases,aiming to provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Four-Dimensional CT in Preoperative Localization of Primary Hyperparathyroidism.","authors":"Wang Man, Wang Yun, Zhang Zhu-Hua, S U Tong, Chen Yu, Jin Zheng-Yu","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To evaluate the application value of four-dimensional CT(4D-CT)in the preoperative localization of primary hyperparathyroidism(PHPT). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data and parathyroid 4D-CT images of 63 patients who underwent PHPT surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between April 2020 and April 2023.Based on the clinical experience of the hospital's surgeons,parathyroid lesions were categorized into six anatomical regions:around the upper pole of the thyroid,posterior to the mid-thyroid,posterior to the lower pole of the thyroid and the tracheoesophageal groove,below the lower pole of the thyroid and the suprasternal fossa,retrosternal anterior mediastinum,and other rare locations.All images were independently analyzed by two experienced radiologists,with discrepancies resolved through discussion led by a senior radiologist.Using pathological results as the gold standard,the accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),Youden index,positive likelihood ratio(PLR),and negative likelihood ratio(NLR)of preoperative 4D-CT in diagnosing PHPT were calculated. Results There were no statistically significant differences between preoperative 4D-CT and surgical localization in the following regions:around the upper pole of the thyroid(<i>χ²</i>=0.500,<i>P</i>=0.480),posterior to the mid-thyroid(<i>χ²</i><0.001,<i>P</i>>0.999),posterior to the lower pole of the thyroid and the tracheoesophageal groove(<i>χ²</i>=0.571,<i>P</i>=0.450),below the lower pole of the thyroid and the suprasternal fossa(<i>χ²</i><0.001,<i>P</i>>0.999),retrosternal anterior mediastinum(<i>χ²</i><0.001,<i>P</i>>0.999),and other rare locations(<i>χ²</i><0.001,<i>P</i>>0.999).The preoperative 4D-CT diagnosis of PHPT lesions demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.09%,specificity of 97.43%,PPV of 87.30%,NPV of 96.19%,accuracy of 94.71%,Youden index of 79.52%,PLR of 31.94,and NLR of 0.18. Conclusion Parathyroid 4D-CT demonstrates good diagnostic efficacy in the preoperative localization of PHPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debate,Dilemma,and Solution of Living Will.","authors":"Chen Long","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A living will is a record of the patient's willingness to choose the medical care plan at the critical or dying stage when the patient is conscious.Due to the influences of traditional ethical ideas,policies,laws,medical service supply and other factors,the social implementation of living wills face great obstacles.Therefore,we should strengthen the education of citizens' view of life and death,improve the specific operation procedures of living wills,and establish a national security system for palliative care,so as to better promote the development of hospice care in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological Features and HOX Transcript Antisense RNA In Situ Hybridization Detection of Myxopapillary Ependymoma.","authors":"Zhang Yu-Han, Wang Zheng, L U Jun-Liang, Zhao Da-Chun, Huo Zhen","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To summarize the clinicopathological features,immunohistochemical characteristics,HOX transcript antisense RNA(HOTAIR)in situ hybridization status,treatment,and prognosis of myxopapillary ependymoma(MPE). Methods A total of 17 patients diagnosed with MPE based on pathological evidence in the Department of Pathology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2006 to July 2023 were selected,and the clinicopathological data of these patients were collected.Immunohistochemical staining for trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and epithelial membrane antigen(EMA)and alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff(AB-PAS)staining were performed in all the patients.Sixteen patients with spinal ependymomas were selected as the control group.Tissue microarrays were prepared from 17 MPE patients and the control group.HOTAIR ISH was performed and semi-quantitatively scored,and the scores of the two groups were compared by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results The 17 MPE patients aged 14-64 years,with the mean age of(37.48±16.10)years and the male-to-female ratio of 0.7∶1.Their clinical manifestations mainly included lumbosacral and lower limb pains.Microscopically,tumor cells were arranged in a papillary pattern around fibrovascular axis,with abundant myxoid materials,and tumor cells were arranged in a loose meshwork in some patients.The immunohistochemical staining results showed that 17(100%),10(58.82%),and 8(47.06%)patients expressed GFAP,EMA,and D2-40,respectively,and 2(11.76%)patients lacked expression of H3K27me3.AB-PAS staining showed blue myxoid materials in all the 17(100%)patients.HOTAIR was expressed in both MPE and control groups,with higher semi-quantitative score in the MPE group than in the control group(<i>P</i>=0.004).Twelve patients were followed up,with a median follow-up period of 65.50 months,during which three patients showed recurrence.Conclusions MPE exhibits typical pathological features,and the combination with immunohistochemical staining for GFAP and EMA as well as AB-PAS staining facilitates diagnosis of this disease.A small number of patients loss the expression of H3K27me3.HOTAIR is highly expressed in MPE but lacks specificity,which limits its auxiliary diagnostic value.The overall prognosis of MPE is favorable,with a few patients experiencing recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Research on Application of Quantitative CT in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis.","authors":"Ning Xia, Dong-Fa Liao, Xiang-Wei Li, Da Liu","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16035","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative CT (QCT) is a method of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of human based on a CT machine,calibrated by QCT body model and analyzed by professional software.Compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,QCT can not only assess the cortical and cancellous BMD but also exclude the influences of osteophytes and aortic/vascular calcification,thus being capable of accurately reflecting patients' bone mass.In recent years,increasing studies on QCT and osteoporosis (OP) have been carried out,and the application of QCT in the diagnosis of OP,evaluation of vertebral bone conditions,prediction of fracture risks,and assessment of anti-OP treatment is garnering increasing attention from researchers at home and abroad.This article reviews the research progress in this field,aiming to provide a reference for the research on QCT in the diagnosis and treatment of OP.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":" ","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing-Assisted Diagnosis of Japanese Spotted Fever: Report of One Case.","authors":"Ruan Yong-Chun, Zhou Yi-Qing, Zhang Hai-Wang, Zhou Jie, Duan Jin-Nan, Zhang Xiao-Jing, L I Ming-Hui","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese spotted fever(JSF)is an infectious disease caused by <i>Rickettsia japonica</i>,with nonspecific clinical symptoms and a high risk of misdiagnosis.We reported a case of JSF,in which <i>Rickettsia japonica</i> was detected in blood cells by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.The patient recovered after treatment with doxycycline.This report provides a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of JSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress in Copper Homeostasis and Diseases.","authors":"Qiu Shu-Ting, Tan Xiao-Hua, Shao Shi-Han, L I Yu, Zhang Ying-Ying, Cao Yue-Jia, D I Chun-Hong","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an indispensable trace element in the human body,copper plays an important role in various physiological and biochemical reactions.The dyshomeostasis of copper leads to the disorder of copper metabolism and the occurrence of related diseases.Cuproptosis,a newly proposed regulatory cell death mode,is different from the known apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis.Recent studies have found that the dyshomeostasis of copper has been observed in a variety of cancers.Therefore,targeting copper for disease treatment may become a new strategy and a new idea.This article systematically summarizes the fundamental properties of copper,copper dyshomeostasis-related diseases (Menkes syndrome,Wilson's disease,and cancer) and their treatment,and reviews the research progress in cuproptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"102-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Relapsed and Refractory Malignant Gonadal Germ Cell Tumors.","authors":"Zhang Tian-Yu, Yang Jia-Xin","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Germ cell tumors typically occur in the gonadal regions,characterized by high malignancy and rapid progression.Due to their high sensitivity to chemotherapy,the cure rate is generally high.However,a portion of patients still succumb to chemotherapy resistance and disease progression.The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has significantly improved the prognosis for various solid tumors,while the immune mechanisms and efficacy of immunotherapy in germ cell tumors remain understudied.Whether relapsed and refractory germ cell tumors can benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors remains to be investigated.In this review,we summarize the immune-related mechanisms,case reports,and clinical trials of immunotherapy in germ cell tumors to assess the effectiveness of this therapy,providing a reference for future basic research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":"47 1","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Multi-Model Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-Veo in Ultra-Low Dose Chest CT Examination of Children in Plateau Area.","authors":"Xian-Tao Wang, Rui-Ting Bai, Cidanwangjiu, Suolangnima, Nimazhuoga, Bai-Yan Su","doi":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16068","DOIUrl":"10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.16068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective To explore the application value of multi-model adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-Veo (ASiR-V) in ultra-low dose chest CT examination of children in the plateau area. Methods The children who underwent chest CT examination in Xizang Autonomous Region People's Hospital were enrolled in this study and assigned into two groups according to the scanning conditions.Group A underwent scanning at a tube voltage of 100 kV and ASiR-V 50% reconstruction,and group B underwent scanning at a tube voltage of 80 kV and ASiR-V 0 (Group B1) and ASiR-V 50% (Group B2) reconstruction.The image quality of each group was evaluated objectively and subjectively.The radiation dose and image quality were compared between groups. Results Groups A and B showed the volume CT dose indexes of (2.33±0.62) mGy and (0.86±0.01) mGy and the dose length products of (65.01±25.12) mGy·cm and (23.55±3.38) mGy·cm,respectively,which presented differences between groups (both <i>P</i><0.001).The image noise in the bilateral upper and middle lung areas in group B2 was lower than that in group B1 but higher than that in group A (all <i>P</i><0.001).There was no significant difference in image quality score of the lung window among groups (all <i>P</i>>0.05).Groups A,B1,and B2 had no significant differences in ascending aorta (<i>P</i>=0.538) or liver CT value (<i>P</i>=0.175) in the mediastinal window.The signal-to-noise ratios and contrast-to-noise ratios of ascending aorta and liver in group B2 were higher than those in group B1 (all <i>P</i><0.001) and lower than those in group A (all <i>P</i><0.05).The image quality score of the mediastinal window followed a descending order of group A>group B2>group B1 (all <i>P</i><0.001)。Conclusion ASiR-V combined with low tube voltage can effectively reduce the radiation dose and guarantee the image quality of chest CT of children in the plateau area.</p>","PeriodicalId":6919,"journal":{"name":"中国医学科学院学报","volume":" ","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}