地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Tracing copper mixing in the atlantic bronze age: A bayesian interpretation of lead isotope data","authors":"Céline Tomczyk","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02327-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02327-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study re-examines metal provenance within the Atlantic Bronze Age (ca. 1300–700 BC). Despite clear typological links between objects found from Wales to Galicia, reconstructing the geochemical pathways of metal exchange has long been hindered, probably by the practice of recycling. Using a dataset of 337 copper-based artefacts and a robust set of lead isotope signatures from major Bronze Age copper-producing regions (Wales, southern Iberia, the Alps, Cyprus, and Tyrol), this paper applies a multivariate statistical model—a Bayesian mixing model implemented with the MixSIAR package—to estimate the probable contributions of various sources to each artefact. The results demonstrate that over 80% of the analysed artefacts are likely composed of copper from multiple sources. These mixtures are dominated by metals originating within the Atlantic complex itself, though contributions from Alpine and Cypriot sources are also detected. Temporal and regional variations suggest structured, rather than opportunistic, exchange dynamics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering mayors and urban carbon governance: evidence from China","authors":"Lyubing Feng,&nbsp;Shirong Zeng,&nbsp;Sai Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13021-025-00327-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-025-00327-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under China’s “dual carbon” goals, local officials bear primary responsibility for reducing carbon emissions within their jurisdictions. This paper investigates whether mayors’ professional backgrounds are associated with better performance in achieving emission reduction outcomes. Using Panel data from prefecture-level cities between 2005 and 2016, we find that mayors with engineering backgrounds significantly reduce carbon emission intensity. This effect is pronounced in in megacities, industrial hubs, eastern regions, and cities with stronger economic foundations. Mechanism analysis reveals: engineering-trained mayors possess stronger technical expertise and systematic, pragmatic thinking, enabling them to foster greater local green innovation—both in quantity and quality—and to adopt high-intensity low-carbon policies, particularly market-based instruments. These findings highlight that appropriately appointing mayors with engineering expertise represents a distinctive and effective policy instrument for achieving China’s dual-carbon goals. This also underscores the importance of incorporating technical expertise into cadre selection and evaluation systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-025-00327-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limitations of ENSO-Based Prediction of Korean Winter Temperature","authors":"Seungwoo Yoo,&nbsp;Jieun Kim,&nbsp;Jinwon Kim,&nbsp;Chang-Hoi Ho","doi":"10.1007/s13143-025-00419-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13143-025-00419-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the statistical and dynamical relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and winter surface air temperature (SAT) in Korea, using station observations and reanalysis data from 1920 to 2023. Historical SAT records are compiled from 7, 14, and 60 stations for 1920–1959, 1960–1972, and 1973–2023, respectively. Despite the statistically significant correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.28) between the Niño 3.4 index and winter SAT in Korea, ENSO alone explains only a limited amount of interannual variability. Classifying the SAT anomalies according to the ENSO phase (i.e., warm for El Niño and cold for La Niña), the Niño 3.4 index yields binary-classification accuracy of 0.68; however, about half of the correctly classified anomalies fall within ±0.5 standard deviations from the climatological mean. Also, composite circulation patterns based on ENSO phases differ structurally from those associated with actual SAT anomalies. A multiple linear regression analysis reveals that mid- to high-latitude climate variables, such as the East Asian winter monsoon, western North Pacific (WNP) sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and the Arctic Oscillation, exhibit stronger and more stable associations with Korean winter SAT than ENSO. Especially WNP SSTs show the largest standardized regression coefficients (&gt; 5.0) to indicate their dominant role. This study suggests the need for integrated forecasting approaches that consider both the tropical and extratropical influences, rather than relying solely on ENSO signals for improving the accuracy of seasonal climate predictions and supporting adaptive risk management strategies for wintertime extremes in the Korean Peninsula.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8556,"journal":{"name":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences","volume":"61 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13143-025-00419-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of amorphous precursors in reaction-induced fracturing during mineral hydration","authors":"Sarah Bonilla-Correa,&nbsp;Cristina Ruiz-Agudo,&nbsp;Pedro Alvarez-Lloret,&nbsp;Yannick Emminger,&nbsp;Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro,&nbsp;Encarnacion Ruiz-Agudo","doi":"10.1007/s00410-025-02276-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00410-025-02276-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mineral hydration has fundamental geological and technological implications. Despite extensive research, its reaction mechanism(s) and effects on the progress of key metamorphic reactions such as serpentinization, the damage of ceramics, or the setting/hardening of cements are not fully understood. Here, we studied the hydration of periclase (MgO) single crystals and powders forming brucite (Mg(OH)₂) as an analogue for key mineral hydration reactions. Our results show that hydration occurs through an intermediate amorphous phase, as in other oxide and silicate minerals, and results in an epitaxial relationship between periclase and brucite. Mg(OH)₂ precipitates on MgO despite the bulk solution remaining undersaturated with respect to both the amorphous precursor and brucite. This is related to the development of strong concentration gradients at the periclase-solution interface. Remarkably, the transformation of the amorphous precursor into brucite within periclase etch pits and precritical microcracks generates enough supersaturation and crystallization pressure to fracture MgO crystals, enabling further progress of the hydration reaction. This previously unrecognized mechanism for reaction-induced fracturing has relevant natural and technological implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":526,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"180 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of deep mantle thermal conductivity on the thermochemical evolution of Earth's mantle and core","authors":"Jiacheng Tian,&nbsp;Diogo L. Lourenço,&nbsp;Paul J. Tackley","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent mineral physics studies of lower mantle thermal conductivity predict substantially different values of thermal conductivity under core-mantle boundary (CMB) conditions, which might be expected to result in different CMB heat fluxes and thermal histories of Earth's mantle and core. We test this prediction using mantle convection simulations coupled with a parameterised core evolution model. Our results demonstrate that differences in lower mantle thermal conductivity do not lead to proportional changes in CMB heat flux. Instead, there is a self-regulation of CMB heat flux that results in similar present-day values: higher thermal conductivity results in more rapid core cooling, reducing the temperature drop across the CMB thermal boundary layer; and also promotes the formation of larger basaltic piles above the CMB, which further lower the local and global CMB heat flux. The upper and lower mantle follow different thermal evolution paths due to partial layering caused by the “basalt barrier” at the mantle transition zone. The modelled mantle temperatures at 4.5 Gyr are similar across models with different lower mantle thermal conductivity. The upper mantle thermal evolution is broadly consistent with petrological constraints. These findings highlight the importance of considering thermochemical feedback mechanisms when modelling Earth's thermal evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"672 ","pages":"Article 119695"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The glass assemblage from San Pietro in Castello: tracing glass technology and innovations in the Venetian lagoon","authors":"Elisabetta Gliozzo,&nbsp;Margherita Ferri,&nbsp;Eleonora Braschi","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02317-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02317-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the results of a comprehensive archaeometric investigation of a glass assemblage from the early medieval levels of San Pietro in Castello (Olivolo, Venice), a site of strategic importance during the formative stages of the city. A total of 45 samples, including finished vessels, architectural glass, production waste and a crucible, were analysed using SEM-EDS, EMPA, and LA-ICP-MS. As for glassmaking technology, the results reveal various colouring and opacification strategies, including the use of metallurgical by-products such as cobalt-bearing slag and the co-occurrence of calcium antimonates and lead stannates for the realization of decorative threads. Furthermore, the analysis of the steatite crucible and adhering glass provides insight into contamination processes and their implications for provenance studies. As for glass provenance, the chemical composition shows a near-equal distribution of Levantine and Egyptian natron glass, though differently distributed from a chronological standpoint (Levantine only in later phases). Of particular interest is also the finding of two plant-ash based glass samples, with the earliest one dating to the 8^th century and attributed to Syro-Levantine production. Overall, the findings highlight Venice’s early involvement in the technological transition from natron- to plant ash-based glass and suggest that the San Pietro in Castello site may have played a pivotal role in the distribution and reworking of imported raw materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02317-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary zoning of the territory of Ukraine based on the geothermal play types","authors":"Anastasiia Barylo,&nbsp;Hanna Liventseva","doi":"10.1186/s40517-025-00364-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40517-025-00364-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geothermal zoning is an important tool for systematizing geological data and assessing resource potential. In Ukraine, geothermal research has been conducted since the mid-twentieth century, but by various institutions using different approaches. The application of a modern classification based on geothermal play types makes it possible to integrate existing results into a unified system aligned with international practice, which will contribute to the further development of geothermal energy. The advantage of this approach lies in the ability to systematize information in the form of geothermal catalogs, which can be supplemented with new data obtained at subsequent stages of research. The classification of geothermal resources by geothermal play types has been applied to the main geological structures of Ukraine, enabling territorial zoning based on geothermal conditions. Six promising regions (structures) have been identified and thoroughly characterized; each assigned a corresponding Moeck index. In addition, new subtypes adapted to the specific geothermal conditions of Ukraine have been proposed. The next stage of research involves zoning based on lower-order structures, assessing their geothermal reserves, and selecting the most promising sites for implementing geothermal energy projects. Particular attention should be paid to clarify the terminology of “resources” and “reserves”: the former is recommended for use in a generalized or qualitative sense, while the latter should denote quantitatively defined characteristics. This approach helps avoid terminological confusion, as the terms themselves clearly reflect the research focus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-025-00364-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview Over Formation Mechanisms, Structural Domains and Petroleum Systems Implications for Palaeozoic Depocenters of the Norwegian North Sea","authors":"Norman Urrez,&nbsp;Alejandro Escalona,&nbsp;Carita Augustsson","doi":"10.1111/bre.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Upper Palaeozoic basins in the Norwegian North Sea remain among the least understood exploration targets on northwestern Europe's cratonic margins, underscoring the need to refine exploration models. Knowledge of Devonian–Permian stratigraphy and structure in this sector is constrained by sparse well data, poor seismic resolution, deep burial and limited exploration success, despite well-established southern North Sea petroleum systems. This study addresses these gaps by investigating Palaeozoic basin formation mechanisms and their petroleum system implications. By integrating well and seismic data, we have identified four Devonian–Permian tectonosequences and defined three structural domains based on fault architecture. In the Northern Domain, a southwest–northeast-striking Devonian depocenter is interpreted as a pull-apart basin featuring folded Devonian deposits separated by an intra-Devonian unconformity. These characteristics indicate transtensional basin development followed by dextral transpression linked to the Highland Boundary and Southern Uplands faults. The Central and Southern domains formed a Carboniferous backbulge basin north of the Variscan Orogen, where the Mid North Sea–Ringkøbing–Fyn High may have acted as a forebulge. Late Carboniferous–Permian volcanism likely added flexural loading, followed by tectonic quiescence and thermal subsidence recorded in the Rotliegend Group. We infer two distinct petroleum system types: The Northern Domain may host potential Devonian lacustrine source rocks with Devonian–Permian reservoirs, whereas the Central and Southern domains may host Carboniferous coaly source rocks with Carboniferous–Permian reservoirs that resemble Variscan-related systems of the southern North Sea and northwestern Europe. The link of these Palaeozoic domains with orogenic phases and plate-tectonic evolution stresses the need to understand the overall tectonic framework when interpreting basin evolution near ancient plate boundaries. This perspective can help guide exploration efforts where presalt successions remain poorly imaged or largely unexplored.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145341891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QDeepGR4J: Quantile-based ensemble of deep learning and GR4J hybrid rainfall-runoff models for extreme flow prediction with uncertainty quantification","authors":"Arpit Kapoor,&nbsp;Rohitash Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conceptual rainfall-runoff models aid hydrologists and climate scientists in modelling streamflow to inform water management practices. Recent advances in deep learning have unravelled the potential for combining hydrological models with deep learning models for better interpretability and improved predictive performance. In our previous work, we introduced DeepGR4J, which enhanced the GR4J conceptual rainfall-runoff model using a deep learning model to serve as a surrogate for the routing component. DeepGR4J had an improved rainfall-runoff prediction accuracy, particularly in arid catchments. Quantile regression models have been extensively used for quantifying uncertainty while aiding extreme value forecasting. In this paper, we extend DeepGR4J using a quantile regression-based ensemble learning framework to quantify uncertainty in streamflow prediction. We also leverage the uncertainty bounds to identify extreme flow events potentially leading to flooding. We further extend the model to multi-step streamflow predictions for uncertainty bounds. We design experiments for a detailed evaluation of the proposed framework using the CAMELS-Aus dataset. The results show that our proposed Quantile DeepGR4J framework improves the predictive accuracy and uncertainty interval quality (interval score) compared to baseline deep learning models. Furthermore, we carry out flood risk evaluation using Quantile DeepGR4J, and the results demonstrate its suitability as an early warning system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 134434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145340259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformed by fire: a ritual practice dating back to the Early Neolithic in Italy. Interdisciplinary analysis of burnt bone remains in Lugo di Grezzana (Veneto), 5000 − 4850 cal BCE","authors":"Omar Larentis,&nbsp;Giacomo Capuzzo,&nbsp;Angela Maccarinelli,&nbsp;Stefano Marconi,&nbsp;Ilaria Gorini,&nbsp;Annaluisa Pedrotti","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02326-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02326-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of fire for the treatment of human remains in funerary rituals characterises Italian prehistory since the Neolithic, being the dominant funerary practice from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Roman period, with regional differences. New osteoarchaeological and radiometric data allow us to confirm the occasional use of fire as a transformative element for the body already in the Early Neolithic. During the excavation of the Early Neolithic settlement of Lugo di Grezzana in 2003 and 2005 (Fiorano Culture – province of Verona, Veneto, northeastern Italy), five pits were discovered, each containing burnt osteological remains. One pit, interpreted as an oven (ES 541 sector XVI), yielded numerous bones intermingled with abundant fragments of pottery and flint. Most of the bones were identified as non-human remains. However, the morphological examination revealed fragments of diaphyses with characteristics consistent with human bone. Subsequent histomorphological analysis confirmed the taxonomic identification of these fragments as belonging to the genus <i>Homo</i> and provided insights into the age distribution, indicating that they belonged to individuals spanning different age groups. The ¹⁴C analysis of charcoal and bones suggests that the use of ovens dates from 5400 to 5000 cal BCE. A new radiocarbon date of a calcined human bone fragment has been placed between 5024 and 4845 cal BCE, indicating that the oven was likely reused as funerary structure during the final phase of the site use. This discovery has increased the number of recent findings of burnt human bones within Neolithic contexts in Italy, prompting us to reflect on the significance of their presence as possible early evidence of fire rituals involving the treatment of human remains in the Italian Peninsula.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02326-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}