地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Low-Temperature Oxidation Characteristics and Apparent Activation Energy of Pressurized Crushed Coal Under Stress Loading","authors":"Tingxiang Chu, Chunxi Wu, Boning Jiang, Tianru Zhu, Xi Zhang, Yuexia Chen, Lei Li","doi":"10.1007/s11053-024-10444-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-024-10444-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With increasing mining depth, coal is more affected by ground and mining stresses. In order to study the characteristics and activation features of coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) under different stress conditions, experiments on low-temperature oxidation under six different stress conditions were conducted using a newly developed multi-field loading and permeability experimental device for stress-loaded and crushed coal. The experimental results showed that, with increase in axial stress from 0 to 15 MPa, the amounts of CO, CO₂, C₂H₄ generated and the rate of oxygen consumption all first followed an increasing trend, reached maximum at 9 MPa, and then a decreasing trend. In three temperature stages—I (20 ℃ &lt; <i>T</i> &lt; 80 ℃), II (90 ℃ &lt; <i>T</i> &lt; 120 ℃), and III (120 ℃ &lt; <i>T</i> &lt; 150 ℃)—all under increasing axial stress from 0 to 15 MPa, the apparent activation energy (AAE) followed a decreasing and then relatively increasing trend. The AAE in all three temperature stages reached a minimum of 9.60 kJ mol⁻¹, 60.57 kJ mol⁻¹, and 19.61 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively, at 9 MPa. Combining the characteristics of gas generation, oxygen consumption, and changes in AAE during the low-temperature oxidation of stress-bearing crushed coal, it was found that stress loading to a certain extent promotes the occurrence of CSC.</p>","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal phase change of the North Atlantic Tripole Sea surface temperature predicted by air-sea coupling","authors":"Haipeng Yu, Shanling Cheng, Jianping Huang, Zeyong Hu, Haojie Wu, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00882-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00882-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The North Atlantic Tripole sea surface temperature anomaly (NAT SSTA) is critical for predicting climate in Eurasia. Predictions for summer climate anomalies currently assume the NAT SSTA phase persists from boreal winter through summer. When NAT phase switches, predictions become unreliable. However, the NAT phase sustained/reversal mechanism from boreal winter to spring remains unclear. This study demonstrates that the evolution of the NAT phase could be driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). When NAO phase persists (switches) during preceding boreal winter, the NAO-driven wind anomalies favor maintenance (transition) of NAT phase by causing sea surface heat flux anomalies. Meanwhile, NAT SSTA causes eddy-mean flow interaction by increasing atmospheric baroclinity, thereby generating positive feedback on the former NAO phase. The NAO phase change is leading 1–3 months for the NAT phase. These findings deepen our understanding of the interaction between NAO and NAT and provide implications for seasonal prediction in Eurasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing symbolic regression for earth science with a focus on evapotranspiration modeling","authors":"Qingliang Li, Cheng Zhang, Zhongwang Wei, Xiaochun Jin, Wei Shangguan, Hua Yuan, Jinlong Zhu, Lu Li, Pingping Liu, Xiao Chen, Yuguang Yan, Yongjiu Dai","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00861-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00861-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) assumes a pivotal role in Earth science, leveraging deep learning’s predictive capabilities. Despite its prevalence, the impact of AI on scientific discovery remains uncertain. In Earth sciences, the emphasis extends beyond mere accuracy, striving for groundbreaking discoveries with distinct physical properties essential for driving advancements through thorough analysis. Here, we introduce a novel knowledge-guided deep symbolic regression model (KG-DSR) incorporating prior knowledge of physical process interactions into the network. Using KG-DSR, we successfully derived the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation and generated a novel surface resistance parameterization. This new parameterization, grounded in fundamental cognitive principles, surpasses the conventional theory currently accepted in surface resistance parameterization. Importantly, the explicit physical processes generated by AI can generalize to future climate scenarios beyond the training data. Our results emphasize the role of AI in unraveling process intricacies and ushering in a new paradigm in tasks related to “AI for Land Surface Modeling.”</p>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actions before agreement","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02223-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02223-8","url":null,"abstract":"The recent COP29 barely reached a new climate finance target that leaves all parties wholeheartedly satisfied. However, even without perfect agreement, climate actions should not be delayed.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesizing Spatiotemporal Structures of the North Atlantic Tripole","authors":"Kandaga Pujiana, Shenfu Dong, Denis Volkov, Gustavo Goni","doi":"10.1029/2024gl108711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl108711","url":null,"abstract":"The interannual-to-decadal variability of sea surface temperature and height in the North Atlantic exhibits a tripolar pattern. Here, we explore the spatiotemporal structure, including the vertical, of the North Atlantic tripole using observations and reanalysis data in 1993–2021. For the first time, we demonstrate that the tripole's vertical structure across the Mid-Atlantic Bight continental shelf and slope differs from that in the ocean interior. The tripole strongly projects in the Slope Water north of the Gulf Stream mean path, marked with temperature changes across the water column not maintained by air-sea heat flux. Over the shelf, the tripole-associated sea level, temperature, and ocean current are weak. In the ocean interior, the tripole temperature variability is apparent in the upper 100 m in the tropics and three times as deep in the subtropics. The tripole imprints resemble those of the North Atlantic Oscillation, peaking after the dominant atmospheric mode's winter maximum.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diving Deeper: Leveraging the Chondrichthyan Fossil Record to Investigate Environmental, Ecological, and Biological Change","authors":"Sora L. Kim, Meghan A. Balk, Elizabeth C. Sibert, Lisa Whitenack","doi":"10.1146/annurev-earth-040523-010455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040523-010455","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive chondrichthyan fossil record spans 400+ million years and has a global distribution. Paleontological studies provide a foundation of description and taxonomy to support deeper forays into ecology and evolution considering geographic, morphologic, and functional changes through time with nonanalog species and climate states. Although chondrichthyan teeth are most studied, analyses of dermal denticle metrics and soft tissue imprints are increasing. Recent methodological advances in morphology and geochemistry are elucidating fine-scale details, whereas large datasets and ecological modeling are broadening taxonomic, temporal, and geographic perspectives. The combination of ecological metrics and modeling with environmental reconstruction and climate simulations is opening new horizons to explore form and function, demographic dynamics, and food web structure in ancient marine ecosystems. Ultimately, the traits and taxa that endured or perished during the many catastrophic upheaval events in Earth's history contribute to conservation paleobiology, which is a much-needed perspective for extant chondrichthyans. <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> The longevity and abundance of the chondrichthyan fossil record elucidates facets of ecological, evolutionary, and environmental histories. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Though lacking postcranial, mineralized skeletons, dental enameloid and dermal denticles exquisitely preserve morphology and geochemistry. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Technical advances in imaging, geochemistry, and modeling clarify the linkages between form and function with respect to physiology, diet, and environment. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Conservation efforts can benefit from the temporal and spatial perspective of chondrichthyan persistence through past global change events. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":8034,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat heterogeneity over multiple scales supports dense and diverse megafaunal communities on a northeast Pacific ridge","authors":"Fanny Girard, David W. Caress, Jennifer B. Paduan, Linda A. Kuhnz, Steven Y. Litvin, Emma Flattery, Amanda S. Kahn, Andrew DeVogelaere, Erica J. Burton, Christopher Lovera, Eric J. Martin, James P. Barry","doi":"10.1002/lno.12766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12766","url":null,"abstract":"Marine environments are highly heterogeneous, varying across scales of a few meters to entire ocean basins. Understanding the relationship between environmental variability and species distribution is essential for area‐based management and conservation. However, this requires a precise alignment of seabed mapping with environmental and biological sampling, which is often difficult to achieve in the deep sea. There is thus an urgent need to tackle this challenge to effectively manage high‐diversity habitats such as deep‐sea coral and sponge aggregations. Relying on multiple subsea platforms, seafloor mapping, and imaging techniques, we mapped the distribution of megafaunal communities at Sur Ridge (780–1525‐m depth; off central California) across multiple spatial scales. First, remotely operated vehicle video transects were conducted to characterize community distribution along the ridge in relation to substratum type, environmental conditions, and 1‐m resolution bathymetry. Five distinct communities, located in specific areas of the ridge, were identified. These communities were primarily structured by depth, availability of hard substrata, and terrain complexity (slope and rugosity). Indicator taxa were identified for each community and their distributions were characterized at the centimeter scale from coregistered 5‐mm resolution photomosaic and 5‐cm lateral resolution bathymetry produced during low altitude remotely operated vehicle surveys. High‐resolution mapping allowed the identification of associations between deep‐sea coral and sponge and other benthic taxa and showed that, even at these small scales, different taxa associate with distinct microhabitats. These results highlight the importance of accounting for habitat heterogeneity, and its role in supporting biodiversity when designing management and conservation strategies.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear Interactions of Planetary-Scale Waves in Mesospheric Winds Observed at 52°N Latitude and Two Longitudes","authors":"Maosheng He, Jeffrey M. Forbes, Gunter Stober, Christoph Jacobi, Guozhu Li, Libo Liu, Jiyao Xu","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110629","url":null,"abstract":"Nine-years of mesospheric wind measurements, from two meteor radars at 52°N latitude, were analyzed to study planetary waves (PWs) and tides through estimating their zonal wavenumbers. The analysis reveals that multi-day oscillations are predominantly driven by PW normal modes (NMs), which exhibit distinct seasonal variations and statistical association with Sudden Stratospheric Warming events. Specifically, a prominent 6-day NM emerges in April, followed by dominant 4- and 2-day NMs persisting until June, with subsequent peaks of 2-, 4-, and 6-day NMs extending from July to October. Furthermore, this study presents the first observational verification of the frequencies and zonal wavenumbers of over 10 secondary waves, arising from nonlinear interactions among planetary-scale waves. A notable finding is the prevalence of non-migrating components in the winter 24-hr and summer 8-hr tides, phenomena attributed to the nonlinear interactions. Our findings highlight the complexity of atmospheric nonlinear dynamics in generating diverse planetary-scale periodic oscillations.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coccoliths as Recorders of Paleoceanography and Paleoclimate over the Past 66 Million Years","authors":"Clara T. Bolton, Heather M. Stoll","doi":"10.1146/annurev-earth-040623-103211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040623-103211","url":null,"abstract":"Coccolithophores are a major group of oceanic calcifying phytoplankton, and their calcite skeletal remains, termed calcareous nannofossils, are a major component of deep-sea sediments accumulating since the Jurassic. Coccolithophores play a role in both the biological pump and the carbonate pump, exporting organic and inorganic carbon, respectively, out of the surface ocean. This means that they are key responders to and recorders of ocean carbon cycle and climate changes over geological and shorter timescales, and studying these responses can help elucidate the uncertain fate of calcifying phytoplankton under projected climate change scenarios. Here, we review established and emerging approaches for reconstructing (<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) mixed-layer ocean temperature, (<jats:italic>b</jats:italic>) marine productivity, and (<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>) aspects of the ocean carbon cycle, using calcareous nannofossils from deep-sea sediments. For each parameter, we discuss the different proxies that have been proposed, based on abundance or species composition, inorganic geochemistry, and/or coccolith morphology, and explore their applications and limitations in Cenozoic paleoceanography. <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Calcareous nannofossils can be used to reconstruct upper ocean conditions and changes over centennial to million-year timescales. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Key coccolith-based proxies for temperature, productivity, and the carbon cycle are reviewed. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Approaches based on assemblages, geochemistry, and morphology provide novel insights into the evolution and adaptation of coccolithophores and past climate. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":8034,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowdsourced Data Reveal Shortcomings in Precipitation Phase Products for Rain and Snow Partitioning","authors":"Guo Yu, Keith S. Jennings, Benjamin J. Hatchett, Anne W. Nolin, Nayoung Hur, Meghan Collins, Anne Heggli, Sonia Tonino, Monica M. Arienzo","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112853","url":null,"abstract":"Reanalysis products support our understanding of how the precipitation phase influences hydrology across scales. However, a lack of validation data hinders the evaluation of a reanalysis-estimated precipitation phase. In this study, we used a novel dataset from the Mountain Rain or Snow (MRoS) citizen science project to compare 39,680 MRoS observations from January 2020 to July 2023 across the conterminous United States (CONUS) to assess three precipitation phase products. These products included the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2), and the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS-2). The overall critical success indices for detecting rainfall (snowfall) for IMERG, MERRA-2, and NLDAS-2 were 0.51 (0.79), 0.49 (0.77), and 0.54 (0.53), respectively. These indices show that IMERG and MERRA-2 reasonably classify snowfall, whereas NLDAS-2 overestimates rainfall. All products performed poorly in detecting subfreezing rainfall and snowfall above 2°C. Therefore, crowdsourced data provides a unique validation source to improve the capabilities of reanalysis products.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}