地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Connecting the Deep Collection of Sinking Particles With Surface Ocean Signatures","authors":"Lu Wang,&nbsp;Jonathan Gula,&nbsp;Jérémy Collin,&nbsp;Laurent Mémery,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yu","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021777","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A major pathway in the biological carbon pump is the gravitational sinking of organic particles from the sunlit ocean (0–200 m) to the deep ocean. Variability in particle fluxes measured by sediment traps is often attributed to variability in primary production in the surface ocean. However, particle fluxes are also influenced by physical processes such as mesoscale eddies and fronts. In this study, we assess the impact of upper-ocean dynamical structures on the variability of particle collection in the deep ocean. This is achieved by forward tracking the trajectories of 51.9 million virtual particles that were homogeneously released at a depth of 200 m with a constant sinking velocity of 50 m <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${mathrm{d}}^{-1}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> in the Northeast Atlantic basin. We found that, despite a homogeneous particle source without biological effects, purely dynamical changes can induce heterogeneity in particle density and origin at depth. The position of sediment traps can thus significantly influence the weekly to seasonal particle collection in the deep ocean. Additionally, we identify and characterize nine particle clusters using a machine-learning approach. The results show that the seasonality of particle collection at depth can be induced by seasonal variations in upper-ocean flow structures. Clusters associated with eddy and frontal structures are found to intermittently contribute more than 50% of the particle amount during winter and spring, with smaller secondary peaks in the summer months. This study highlights the connection between mesoscale ocean dynamics and the spatio-temporal pattern of conservative (non-biological) particle collection in the deep ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of China's Terrestrial Carbon Uptake to Shift in Nitrogen Deposition","authors":"L. Zhang,&nbsp;P. Li,&nbsp;G. Yu,&nbsp;H. He,&nbsp;Y. Jia,&nbsp;J. Zhu,&nbsp;W. Ju,&nbsp;C. Zhang,&nbsp;X. Ren,&nbsp;T. Wang,&nbsp;Y. Zheng,&nbsp;H. WU","doi":"10.1029/2024EF004946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF004946","url":null,"abstract":"<p>China has experienced a shift in nitrogen (N) deposition from an upward trend since 1980s to stabilized since 2001–2005 and decline in recent years due to N management. Global atmospheric chemical transport models tend to underestimate the magnitude of N deposition in China and fail to reproduce such a shift. How do underestimation and trend shift in N deposition influence China's terrestrial carbon (C) uptake remains unclear. Here we used a new N deposition data set and three independent methods to investigate the effect of N deposition on terrestrial C uptake in China. We found that the magnitude and trend of China's terrestrial C sink induced by N deposition (∆C_Ndep) would be underestimated during 1990–2015 when using commonly used global atmospheric N deposition data sets. Despite the decrease in N deposition trend, the increasing rate of ∆C_Ndep changed from 4.42 Tg C yr⁻² in 1990–2005 to 5.64 Tg C yr⁻² in 2006–2015, which was dominated by subtropical and tropical monsoon region. The interactive effect of N deposition with other environmental factors has a greater impact on the trend of ∆C_Ndep than direct effect. Our results highlight the rising terrestrial C uptake as N deposition stabilizes and the crucial role of interaction mechanisms among global change factors in assessing the impact of declining reactive N inputs on China's future land C sinks under C neutrality targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":48748,"journal":{"name":"Earths Future","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EF004946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Declining Contribution of Plant Physiological Effects to Global Drought Characteristics With Rising CO2 Using State-of-the-Art Earth System Models","authors":"Ziwei Li,&nbsp;Fubao Sun,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Tingting Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024EF005548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005548","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetation physiology responses to rising atmospheric CO₂ can alter the global hydrological cycle, thereby influencing drought occurrence. It has long been controversial and poorly understood how vegetation physiological effects influence meteorological drought characteristics with increasing CO₂. To investigate that, we employ multiple CO₂ sensitivity experiments of the state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). We quantify drought characteristics in response to rising CO₂ using two drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), with SPEI calculated using both the Penman-Monteith method (SPEI_PM) and energy-only method (SPEI_Rn). Our findings reveal that plant physiological effects can robustly induce more intense, frequent, and prolonged droughts under elevated CO₂ levels. Spatially, drought intensity as measured by SPI, SPEI_PM, and SPEI_Rn, resulting from CO₂ physiological forcing, is projected to increase over 61%, 69%, and 78% of global terrestrial areas, respectively. Notably, we found that the contribution of plant physiological effects (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mtext>PHY</mtext>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${beta }_{text{PHY}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) to drought characteristics, including intensity, frequency, and duration, exhibits a significant and spatially extensive declining trend with rising CO₂ across most land areas. This declining trend is robustly depicted in both the multi-model mean and individual models. Vegetation coverage plays an important role in the spatial pattern of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 <mtext>PHY</mtext>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${beta }_{text{PHY}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. CO₂ physiological forcing therefore exerts greater impacts in the tropics, particularly over tropical forests. Our results demonstrate that drought characteristics are expected to become less dependent on plant physiological effects with increasing CO₂, a consideration essential for accurate drought projections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48748,"journal":{"name":"Earths Future","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EF005548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomagnetic Excursions Recorded in North Atlantic IODP Expedition 395C Sites U1555 and U1563","authors":"Anita Di Chiara,&nbsp;Sara Satolli,&nbsp;Sarah A. Friedman,&nbsp;Deepa Dwyer,&nbsp;Gary D. Acton,&nbsp;Tom Dunkley Jones,&nbsp;Boris Theofanis Karatsolis,&nbsp;Paul N. Pearson,&nbsp;Takuma Suzuki,&nbsp;Sevasti Modestou,&nbsp;Suzanne O'Connell,&nbsp;Halima Ibrahim,&nbsp;Claire E. Jasper,&nbsp;Danielle E. LeBlanc,&nbsp;Saran Lee-Takeda,&nbsp;Thena Thulasi,&nbsp;Deborah E. Eason,&nbsp;Matthias Sinnesael,&nbsp;Katharina Hochmuth,&nbsp;Anne Briais,&nbsp;Ross Parnell-Turner,&nbsp;Leah J. LeVay,&nbsp;Expedition 395C/395 Science Party","doi":"10.1029/2025GC012220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012220","url":null,"abstract":"<p>By studying deep-sea drilled records from the North Atlantic Ocean, several magnetic instabilities of short duration, such as the Iceland Basin (188 ka), the Björn (1,255 ka) and the Gardar (1,460 ka) excursions, were discovered. These records have contributed to our understanding of Earth's magnetic field and are the foundation of the Geomagnetic Instability Time Scale (GITS) in the Quaternary. Here, we present the magnetostratigraphy from Sites U1555 (0 to ∼2.7 Ma) and U1563 (0 to ∼5.2 Ma) drilled during the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 395C on the eastern side of the modern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (∼60°N, 20–30°W). Shipboard paleomagnetic and microfossil data provided a preliminary age model, extending the regional record to 3.4 Ma. The Virtual Geomagnetic Pole latitudes from archive halves, corroborated with data from discrete samples, were used to build a high-resolution magnetostratigraphy, which contained the expected Brunhes and Matuyama Chrons and their respective Subchrons. We also identified most of the magnetic events reported in the GITS, including the less well-documented ones, such as Osaka, Kamitzukara, Huckleberry Ridge, Reunion, Gardar, Halawa and L4 events. The high-resolution magnetostratigraphy from Sites U1555 and U1563 is compared with two previous legacy sites and contributes toward an increasingly robust GITS, expanding its use as a correlation and dating tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":50422,"journal":{"name":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GC012220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Attribution of the Interannual Variability in Flood Peaks Through Bayesian Networks","authors":"J. S. Nanditha, Gabriele Villarini, Hanbeen Kim, Philippe Naveau","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039385","url":null,"abstract":"Classical regression models, due to the limited computational expense and good performance, can be used for the attribution of interannual variability in flood peaks. However, these models capture the relation between predictand (i.e., flood peaks) and predictors (i.e., climate variables), suffering from the disconnect between correlation and causation. Here, we utilize a causal Bayesian Network model to establish causal relationships between flood peaks and basin- and season-averaged precipitation and temperature, which were found to be useful predictors in previous regression-based attribution studies. We develop these models for seasonal flood peaks for 3,884 gauges across the conterminous Unites States, achieving a median Spearman's rank correlation above 0.7. By performing <i>do-</i>calculus intervention on the predictors, we found a strong causal relationship between seasonal maximum daily discharge and both concurrent and lagged season-precipitation and temperature, consistent with underlying physical processes across different basins. The Bayesian Network model effectively predicts the interannual variability in seasonal and annual peak discharges and establishes a causal link between them. The model identifies key drivers across different seasons and regions in CONUS and highlights that antecedent catchment wetness is particularly relevant for high magnitude flows, while precipitation is the dominant driver of medium flows. This study significantly expands our current knowledge on causal flood drivers and presents a novel approach to flood prediction and attribution.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidirectional Dune Dynamics Under Seasonal Winds on Mars","authors":"Matthew Chojnacki,&nbsp;David A. Vaz,&nbsp;Pruthviraj J. Acharya,&nbsp;Simone Silvestro,&nbsp;Isaac B. Smith","doi":"10.1029/2024GL114583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114583","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a systematic assessment of the complex aeolian bedforms across the western rim of Hellas Planitia, the largest impact basin on Mars. Repeat orbital imaging shows crescentic, transverse, and star dunes across the Hellespontus Montes region migrate, converge, and occasionally reverse course. Dune morphology and sand ripple migration identify three effective wind regimes that vary spatially and temporally, correlating with atmospheric modeling. Peak sand transport occurs during southern spring and summer to the west and southwest, driven by daytime anabatic slope winds originating from Hellas. Migration rates decline with waning temperatures, when eastward drainage winds into Hellas dominate nights annually and during the colder seasons. However, these diurnally and seasonally cyclic slope winds can be highly localized, as nearby barchan fields swiftly migrate exclusively west where eastward winds are mitigated by topography. These novel findings highlight the complexity of surface-atmosphere interactions in shaping aeolian systems on Mars.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL114583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flushing and Trapping of Buoyant Particles in a Gravitationally Driven Wide Estuary","authors":"R. Alan Mason,&nbsp;Tobias Kukulka,&nbsp;Robert J. Chant,&nbsp;Jonathan H. Cohen","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastics and other buoyant particles, such as oil, plankton, and seafoam, are omnipresent in estuaries, which provide a critical interface to the open ocean. Here, we explore the convergence and along-channel transport of buoyant particles using an idealized model of the gravitationally driven estuarine circulation with a deeper center channel and shallower flanks. First, the model predicts persistent surface convergence zones, aggregating buoyant material. Second, reduced vertical mixing results in accelerated surface outflow consistent with particle transport out of the bay during neap tides. We refer to this consistent outflow as flushing. Third, increased vertical mixing from neap to spring tides changes the lateral structure of the surface flows with weak up-estuary along-channel flows in the region of particle convergence during spring tides, resulting in particle trapping. We show the applicability of idealized model theory to the Delaware Bay through the use of a realistic hydrodynamic model, high-resolution satellite images, GPS-tracked drifters, and CTD cross-sections. Our results are consistent with the theory and indicate that buoyant surface-trapped particles in Delaware Bay quickly converge to the channel center of the estuary and are consequently either trapped in the estuary during spring tide or flushed to the continental shelf during neap tide. Our results contribute to the growing understanding of particle movement and retention within an estuarine system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144308986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic aridification and its driving mechanism in the Three-River Source Region over the past millennium","authors":"Changrun Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangzhong Li ,&nbsp;Guangxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yuxin He ,&nbsp;Xin Guan ,&nbsp;Jiameng Liu ,&nbsp;Dongkun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As hydroclimatic changes in the Three-River Source Region affect the streamflow of Asia's major rivers, i.e., the Yangtze, Yellow, and Mekong Rivers, downstream regions and nations face escalating threats to agriculture, biodiversity, and water security. Analyzing hydroclimatic changes during the late Holocene, as a modern warming analog, could provide key insights for forecasting water system responses to rising global temperatures. A general drying trend spanning the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age has been observed in both Yellow River and Mekong River Sourced Regions. However, the Yangtze River Source Region, which nearly covers half the Three-River Source Region, shows no conclusive evidence of this pattern, highlighting the urgency of further studies to resolve this spatial inconsistency. Here, with the assistance of proxies from organic carbon and carbonate contents, we used stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, and grain size distribution from a sedimentary core in Saiyong Co, to reconstruct regional hydroclimatic changes of the Yangtze River Source Region over the past 1700 years. Our new records reveal a regional aridity trend over the past millennium in the Yangtze River Source Region, consistent with records from surrounding regions. Specifically, Saiyong Co's hydroclimatic history is characterized by three distinct phases: relatively wet conditions from AD 200 to AD 1100, relatively dry conditions from AD 1100 to AD 1850, and a shift towards significantly wet conditions since AD 1850. By comparing these records with well-established climatic and tropical symbolic records, we probe the mechanism driving regional hydroclimatic changes across millennial trend and centennial timescales. The millennial drying trend can be largely attributed to the gradual weakening of the Indian Summer Monsoon, while centennial-scale hydroclimatic variations over the past millennium aligns with ENSO events. Since AD 1850, intensified monsoon precipitation and rising temperatures suggest a transition towards wetter conditions in the Yangtze River Source Region, a shift that demands further monitoring and investigation. These findings establish a vital baseline for evaluating climate change impacts on the Yangtze River Source Region's long-term ecological sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"365 ","pages":"Article 109483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is archaeology a science? Insights and imperatives from 10,000 articles and a year of reproducibility reviews","authors":"Ben Marwick","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The status of archaeology as a science has been debated for decades and influences how we practice and teach archaeology. This study presents a novel bibliometric assessment of archaeology's status relative to other fields using a hard/soft framework. It also presents a systematic review of computational reproducibility in published archaeological research. Reproducibility is a factor in the hardness/softness of a field because of its importance in establishing consensus. Analyzing nearly 10,000 articles, I identify trends in authorship, citation practices, and related metrics that position archaeology between the natural and social sciences. A survey of reproducibility reviews for the Journal of Archaeological Science reveals persistent challenges, including missing data, unspecified dependencies, and inadequate documentation. To address these issues, I recommend to authors basic practical steps such as standardized project organization and explicit dependency documentation. Strengthening reproducibility will enhance archaeology's scientific rigor and ensure the verifiability of research findings. This study underscores the urgent need for cultural and technical shifts to establish reproducibility as a cornerstone of rigorous, accountable, and impactful archaeological science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 106281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin, characterisation and lithic management of the Chipana silcrete in the Pampa del Tamarugal basin, northern Chile","authors":"Katherine A. Herrera ,&nbsp;Nicolas Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicified rocks, or silicites, were a highly utilized resource by human groups that traversed the Atacama Desert around 13,000 cal yr BP. The questions of where and how these past groups obtained the raw materials are crucial for understanding the routes they followed and the mechanisms they used for acquiring and transforming the rock. An exemplary case to observe this and to characterize the type of source and rock exploited is “Chipana,” as it is both a source and an archaeological site. It is the largest and oldest known lithic provisioning point in the Pampa del Tamarugal. Using the interdisciplinary perspective of petroarchaeology, the source was characterized, and the lithic technology of the site was analyzed through a techno-economic approach. The main results show that Chipana likely corresponds to a large primary source of rock identified as white silcrete, specifically a heavily silicified limestone with opaline silica. This was identified through scanning electron microscopy analyses, which revealed chemical elements typical of limestone, and through the rock's structure (i.e., fibrous silica) observed via petrographic analysis. Four facies variations of the rock were observed at the source, and its formation is associated with diagenetic activity. It has a conchoidal fracture suitable for lithic knapping, which is why it was sought after by past human groups. The archaeological site corresponds to a lithic workshop focused on bifacial technology for producing large bifaces (13 cm in length). A secondary production is also observed of unifacial technology for knapping a variety of tools. Thus, Chipana provides new data for beginning to map out the lithic landscape of the Pampa and refines our understanding of how humans adapted to and utilized a hyper-arid environment with limited biomass by making use of available local resources such as rock. Additionally, it contributes to our knowledge of the oldest hunter-gatherers who populated the Atacama, as part of the human settlement of South America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 109329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}