地球科学最新文献

{"title":"A new way to geoengineer landscapes using computer-based landform evolution models","authors":"Greg Hancock,&nbsp;J. F. Martín Duque,&nbsp;W. D. Dimuth P. Welivitiya","doi":"10.1002/esp.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design and construction of post-mining landforms is a complex undertaking where any structure requires integration with underlying materials and the surrounding unmined or undisturbed landscape. A common reconstruction design for post-mining landscapes is to have linear hillslopes with drains or runoff diversion structures that are designed for the hillslope length, angle and climate. These landscapes are easy to construct and result in a surface which can be easily traversed by agricultural machinery, while the benches often rely on drainage control structures to manage runoff and resultant erosion. Few mines worldwide have committed to a catchment-based reconstruction approach or that employing geomorphic design. Here, a method for catchment design has employed a simple strategy of an uplifted catchment being allowed to evolve using a computer-based Landscape Evolution Model until the volume matches that of a proposed design. The computer-generated landforms are compared with that of a catchment created using site hydrology and sediment transport conditions (Expert Knowledge) by a recognised design engineer. The results demonstrate that a computer-generated landscape produces sediment output within that of target erosion rates with low gully depths. The design created using Expert Knowledge produces sediment output above background erosion rates as well as having maximum gully depths of up to 2.7 m. Modelling demonstrates that computer-generated designs produce erosion rates which are approximately one-third to half that of the Expert Knowledge design, with a commensurate reduction in maximum gully depth. The computer model-generated catchments also have a more natural appearance with regular curvature and channel definition. A key finding is that landscapes with a series of smaller catchments and a more complex drainage network produce less sediment output.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of environmental air pollutants on asthma outpatient hospital visits in Xinxiang city, China.","authors":"Qian Wang, Zhikang Jiao, Hongyue Liang, Jiaqi Duan, Yanwei Du, Yongbin Wang, Yongbin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-03019-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-03019-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown a close correlation between air pollution and the occurrence of asthma. A distributed lag nonlinear model was used in this research to analyze the relationship between 58,610 asthma outpatient hospital visits and daily PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂, CO, and eight hour mean O₃ exposure from 4 hospitals in Xinxiang City, Henan province from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021, and a stratified analysis of gender and age were conducted. Results showed that low concentrations of daily PM_2.5 (40 µg/m³), PM₁₀ (20 and 80 µg/m³), CO (0.8 mg/m³), NO₂ (10-30 µg/m³) and SO₂ (15 µg/m³) exposure reduced the number of outpatient visits for asthma patients. High levels of daily PM_2.5 (50-100 µg/m³), PM₁₀ (100-140 and 820 µg/m³), and SO₂ (20-25 µg/m³) exposure increased the number of outpatient visits for asthma patients. Both low (15-60 µg/m³) and high (150-205 µg/m³) concentrations of the eight hour mean O₃ exposure increased asthma outpatient hospital visits. Gender-stratified analysis revealed that, for male asthma patients, the daily outpatient visits decreased when CO exposure concentration of 0.8 mg/m³; while for female asthma patients, the daily outpatient visits decreased when SO₂ exposure concentration of 15 µg/m³, but increased when the concentration was 20 µg/m³. In comparison, both low and high concentrations of eight hour mean O₃ exposure increased the daily male asthma outpatient hospital visits. Additionally, when the eight hour mean O₃ exposure concentration was 10-30 µg/m³ and the daily SO₂ exposure concentration was 20 µg/m³, asthma outpatient hospital visits for adult increased; when the eight hour mean O₃ exposure concentration was 145-220 µg/m³ and the daily SO₂ exposure concentration was 50-110 µg/m³, asthma outpatient hospital visits for adolescent increased. This study suggests that asthma patients should limit going outdoors on days with poor air quality, especially for women and adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional carbon emission reduction potential estimation based on scenario analysis under emission standards.","authors":"Xuwei Xia, Zhibin Yan, Shuang Zhang, Dongge Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s13021-025-00326-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-025-00326-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The estimation of carbon emission reduction potential in existing regions often faces the problem of missing data, so scenario analysis based estimation research is carried out. Under the constraints of emission standards, three emission limit scenarios are set: maintaining, ultra-low, and tightening. Based on the SBM model, a carbon emission reduction potential index model is constructed using the full factor carbon emission efficiency measurement method. Build a model that considers the impact of industrial output value and estimate carbon emission rights from 2018 to 2030. After analysis and calculation of allocation weights, experiments show that carbon emission performance is less than 0.05, efficiency is improved, weight is about 4.64%, and industrial carbon emissions contribute nearly zero.</p>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Variations in Drivers of Extreme Reference Evapotranspiration Across the Contiguous United States","authors":"Bingjie Zhao, Christopher Horvat, Christopher Pearson, Deep Shah, Huilin Gao","doi":"10.1029/2025wr040177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040177","url":null,"abstract":"Extremely high reference evapotranspiration indicates an abnormal atmospheric water demand, with significant implications for regional water resource management. Despite its importance, our understanding of extreme reference evapotranspiration remains limited, particularly regarding the contributions of its underlying drivers. This study focuses on all 339 hydrological unit code 6 basins across the Contiguous United States (CONUS) and, using two different methods for identifying extreme events, analyzes the meteorological contributions in various regions. We evaluate how factors such as meteorological data sets, meteorological variables, temporal and spatial scales, and the severity of extreme events introduce uncertainty into the analysis. The results reveal distinct regional patterns in the dominant drivers of extreme daily reference evapotranspiration across the CONUS. Air temperature is the dominant driver in the northern US, while solar radiation primarily drives extreme events in the southeastern US. Wind speed is the main driver in the southwestern US, with its influence increasing at higher severity levels or with finer temporal resolution. The air temperature and humidity jointly dominate the central US. All contributions from meteorological forcings vary with selection of temporal scales and severity levels, and utilizing multiple data sets enhances the robustness of extreme event identification.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct constraints on shale fluid overpressure evolution from U-Pb dating of bed-parallel fracture-filling calcite","authors":"Chen Zhang, Dadong Liu, Min She, Jianhua He, Jim R. Underschultz, Andrew D. La Croix, Yixin Dong, Yuhan Huang","doi":"10.1130/g53931.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53931.1","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid overpressure is a common phenomenon in sedimentary basins, and overpressure induced by hydrocarbon generation has attracted considerable attention. However, direct temporal constraints are lacking, and the evolutionary process remains poorly understood. Here, we provide absolute chronological constraints on the paleo−fluid pressure evolution in shales of the Sichuan Basin, China, by integrating in situ U-Pb dating with fluid inclusion analysis of bed-parallel calcite veins. Our results reveal that overpressure due to hydrocarbon generation during deep burial evolved in a two-stage, stepwise exponential manner with increasing thermal maturity. During the kerogen gas generation phase (236−156 Ma; Ro [vitrinite reflectance] = 1.3%−2.0%), fluid pressure increased slowly, and the pressure coefficient decreased gradually. Subsequently, during the advanced burial stage, both fluid pressure and the pressure coefficient increased abruptly by up to threefold, associated with oil-cracking gas generation (148−84 Ma; Ro &amp;gt;2.0%). Strong hydrocarbon generation, combined with low permeability, enables fluid overpressure to persist from deep burial through uplift to the present day. Our findings show that under tectonically quiescent conditions, fluid pressure in shale driven solely by hydrocarbon generation increases in a stepwise exponential manner rather than a continuous nonlinear trend and remains largely preserved even during uplift unless disrupted by faulting. This successful application highlights the broad potential of absolute geochronological constraints for refining models of fluid evolution in sedimentary basins.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tidal Attenuation and Poor Drainage Make Interior Microtidal Marshes Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise","authors":"Man Qi, Keryn Gedan","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118637","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical and simulation models often assume a uniform tidal range across marsh platforms to predict marsh vulnerability to sea level rise (SLR), overlooking the hydrological heterogeneity caused by tidal attenuation and drainage conditions. We measured water level fluctuations at two microtidal marshes in Chesapeake Bay to evaluate how this assumption misrepresents hydrological stress and marsh vulnerability. Tidal attenuation reduced water level fluctuations from 60 cm at tidal creeks to 20–30 cm in deteriorating interior marsh and caused increasing hydrological sensitivity to elevation loss. Poor drainage of interior marsh zones led to consistently higher water levels and slower recession at low tide. Consequently, hydroperiod and soil saturation in interior marshes were underestimated by 10%–62%, while plant performance was overestimated by 10%–25%. These biases suggest that future models must incorporate spatially decreasing tidal range and increasing baseline water levels from marsh edge to interior to improve predictions of marsh resilience under SLR.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energetic Electron Enhancements Near the Dayside Magnetopause: Outward Radial Transport Due To Asymmetric Drift‐Orbit Bifurcation","authors":"S. R. Kamaletdinov, A. V. Artemyev, V. Angelopoulos","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116514","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetopause boundary layer often exhibits flux enhancements in keV electrons. Intriguingly, these enhancements frequently occur in the afternoon sector, which is typically magnetopause‐shadowed. They are usually attributed to local production by dayside reconnection, wave‐particle interactions, or radial diffusion by ultra‐low frequency waves. However, under standard magnetospheric conditions, these mechanisms fail to explain the rapid appearance of the electron fluxes and acceleration from magnetosheath energies (tens of eV) to tens of keV. Using data from the THEMIS mission, we report an energetic electron enhancement forming on hour timescales. A test‐particle simulation shows it can result from rapid, non‐diffusive radial transport driven by asymmetric drift‐orbit bifurcation. While this does not exclude alternative interpretations involving radial diffusion, the finding underscores the role of drift‐orbit bifurcation in controlling energetic electron dynamics near the magnetopause, which should be considered alongside conventional mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three‐Dimensional Anisotropy of Turbulence at Ion‐Scales in the Magnetotail's Bursty Bulk Flow","authors":"Y. T. Tang, S. Y. Huang, J. Zhang, Z. G. Yuan, H. H. Wu, K. Jiang, Q. Y. Xiong, H. Bai","doi":"10.1029/2025gl117532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl117532","url":null,"abstract":"Using the data from Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we statistically investigate the anisotropy of turbulence within bursty bulk flows (BBFs) in the Earth's magnetotail. By computing five‐point second‐order structure functions, we reveal the three‐dimensional anisotropy and scaling properties of turbulence at ion scales. In the coordinate system (), the characteristic lengths of turbulence eddies for both total and perpendicular magnetic field fluctuations exhibit at ion‐scales. The anisotropy scaling relations for the total magnetic field are and . For the perpendicular magnetic field fluctuations, the scaling relations are and . In addition, the parallel magnetic field fluctuations features , with scaling relations given by and . The observed scaling laws suggest that the turbulence anisotropy in BBFs exhibits a weak scale dependence. These results provide critical observational evidence for turbulence modeling and can deepen our understanding of the turbulence anisotropy at kinetic scales in plasma turbulence.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensified Warm and Moist Arctic Coast in Summer Due To Future Sea Ice Retreat","authors":"Jiao Yang, Tingfeng Dou, Wei Han, Zhiheng Du, Shutong Li, Cunde Xiao","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118052","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing Arctic rainfall significantly impacts snow and ice processes, land runoff, and the ecological environment. However, the extent to which the rainfall increase is regionally dependent and how it responds to the large retreat of sea ice remains inadequately understood. This study quantifies the Arctic land rainfall increases attributable to sea ice loss under 2°C global warming using multi‐ensemble experiments combining all forcing with sea ice loss forcing. The findings indicate that sea ice retreat is responsible for 16% of the increase in summer Arctic land rainfall, with significant increases covering 46% of the region responses to 2°C warming. The most pronounced responses were observed along the Arctic coasts of Siberia and North America. Local warming caused by sea ice retreat contributes 68% of the rainfall increase, while the remainder results from the increase in total precipitation.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of African Easterly Waves to a Warming Climate: A Convection-Permitting Approach","authors":"K. M. Núñez Ocasio,&nbsp;E. M. Dougherty,&nbsp;Z. L. Moon,&nbsp;C. A. Davis","doi":"10.1029/2025MS005146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the atmosphere warms, tropical cyclones (TCs) and their precursors, like African easterly waves (AEWs), will respond. While TC changes in a warmer climate have been studied, AEW evolution remains uncertain. Using a novel storm-resolving regional Model for Prediction Across Scales setup, we examine the response of AEWs during an active historic period. Our findings indicate that AEWs over Africa will become significantly more intense, wetter, and with greater water vapor content. Future AEWs in this scenario and period will also experience a larger saturation deficit over the continent, indicating significant changes in both temperature and moisture influencing growth. The location of AEWs does not change under the future climate scenario, but TC genesis and overall AEW propagation for a case study is slower. Slower progression of AEWs can have dangerous ramifications, including prolonged periods of heavy rainfall, increasing the risk of flooding over Africa. These results highlight the need for high-resolution modeling to better understand AEW behavior in a warming climate and their potential impacts on extreme weather.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025MS005146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}