地球科学最新文献

{"title":"ScS Reverberations Map Widespread Subducted Slab Stagnation in the Mantle Transition Zone","authors":"Rashni Anandawansha, Lauren Waszek, Benoit Tauzin","doi":"10.1029/2025jb031726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb031726","url":null,"abstract":"Earth's mantle transition zone (MTZ) is a region of substantial transformations in the structure and composition of rocks. The mineralogical phase changes, observed seismically as semi‐discontinuous features, act as a semi‐permeable barrier to thermochemical flux between the upper and lower mantle. They partly control global mantle circulation patterns. However, understanding regional‐scale convection processes relies on high‐quality seismic measurements with improvements in observational approaches in terms of coverage and resolution. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the MTZ discontinuities using new large global data sets of ScS reverberations. The data sets are compiled and processed using data‐driven and machine learning methodologies, highlighting the prospective capacity of automated approaches for rapid data analysis. Our maps reveal significant topography variations in the 410 and 660 km discontinuity depths, and hence MTZ thickness, and provide complementary spatial geometry to existing MTZ maps. These results are consistent with first order correlation of MTZ thickness with seismic wavespeed, and further indicate additional smaller scale lateral variation in topography across all regions of data coverage. We integrate our observations with mineralogical modeling to derive new thermal and compositional models of the MTZ. Our models display a correlation between locations of recent subduction and basalt accumulation, and between hotspots and regions of high temperature. Both temperature and composition are dominated by short‐length scale patterns in their variability, indicating ubiquitous and persistent heterogeneities within the MTZ. Together, these observations evidence widespread and long‐term stagnation of material at and within the MTZ.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pietra Ollare of the medieval archaeological site of Monte Giove (Fano, Marche Region, Central Italy) unveils further constraints for the Alpine Valchiavenna soapstone trade","authors":"Patrizia Santi,&nbsp;Alberto Renzulli,&nbsp;Daniele Sacco,&nbsp;Anna Lia Ermeti,&nbsp;Erika Valli","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02315-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02315-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>More than two hundred fragments of <i>pietra ollare</i> were discovered in the Monte Giove Medieval archaeological site as erratic pieces on the surface and within some of the 120 silos of underground pits for food storage, dated between the 9th and 11th centuries AD. Twelve representative samples were selected for thin section petrography, X-ray powder diffraction and whole rock major-trace element composition. The entire data provide a homogeneous petrographic classification for the stone findings: carbonate (magnesite) talc schists, also known as soapstones. Among the Alpine <i>pietra ollare</i> lithotype groups (Mannoni et al. 1987), these samples belong to the fine-grained and grey to light-green coloured soapstones, namely the “petrographic group D”, whose quarrying sites in antiquity were commonly recognised in the Valchiavenna area (Central Alps). This <i>pietra ollare</i> provenance of Monte Giove thus reinforces the so-called “Valchiavenna soapstone trade”, from the Mera-Adda-Po Rivers towards the Adriatic harbour of Comacchio, where several <i>pietra ollare</i> findings, dating back between the 7th and 9th centuries, are also well documented. The role played by Comacchio as a Medieval commercial hub for <i>pietra ollare</i> is also discussed in the framework of Monte Giove findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02315-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature and light drive physiological and transcriptional responses, modulating infection outcomes in a freshwater diatom–chytrid system","authors":"Katelyn McKindles, Kensuke Seto, D. Quynh Nguyen, Timothy Y. James, R. Michael McKay","doi":"10.1002/lno.70224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70224","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Stephanodiscus binderanus</jats:italic> is a bloom‐forming diatom abundant in winter and persisting into spring in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Climate change impacts these blooms by altering ice cover, turbidity, light penetration, and water temperature. Fungal parasites, especially <jats:italic>Chytridiomycota</jats:italic>, can suppress phytoplankton growth and alter bloom succession. To address the effects of both biotic and abiotic factors on <jats:italic>S. binderanus</jats:italic> in the face of a changing climate, we tested a range of temperatures (9.4–24°C) and light intensities (15, 30, 50, 100 <jats:italic>μ</jats:italic>mol m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) on infected and uninfected cultures. We also conducted an RNAseq analysis of both host and parasite across the described environmental parameters. <jats:italic>Stephanodiscus binderanus</jats:italic> can rapidly adapt to the above conditions, growing slowest at the lowest temperature and under low light, while adjusting its chlorophyll <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> (Chl <jats:italic>a</jats:italic>) content in lower light treatments to be more efficient at light harvesting. Chytrid infections were more prevalent at either end of the tested temperature range, despite downregulation of zoospore mitotic cycle genes at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperatures also induced reproductive stress in <jats:italic>S. binderanus</jats:italic>, marked by downregulation of meiosis‐related genes. These effects, combined with nutrient depletion, likely contribute to seasonal declines in diatom populations as green algae and cyanobacteria emerge in late spring and early summer. It is anticipated that host response to lower light availability and the ability of the chytrid to infect under warming waters will contribute to a decline in filamentous diatom biomass in Lake Erie, especially as climate change increases the frequency of ice‐free winters.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the Human Right to Water for Vulnerable Communities: The Effectiveness of Stakeholder Processes to Control Regional Shallow Groundwater Contamination by Nitrates","authors":"Iris T. Stewart, John Dialesandro, Samantha Lei, Lilah Foster","doi":"10.1029/2025wr040896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr040896","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate contamination in shallow drinking water wells is an urgent and persistent concern for agricultural regions and disadvantaged communities worldwide. As viable options for the large‐scale removal of nitrates from groundwater remain elusive, greater emphasis has been placed on stakeholder‐based integrative approaches, yet few have been developed, and fewer evaluated for their effectiveness. The Central Valley in California is one of the most important intensive agricultural regions globally, where such a stakeholder‐based process (CV‐SALTS) has been initiated, and which is poised to serve as a model for controlling nitrate contamination elsewhere. Based on the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment Program data for the 2000–2023 period, we develop a new data sufficiency metric, quantify the uncertainties associated with establishing nitrate concentrations and their changes in space and time, the impact of Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), seasonal variability and drought on nitrate levels, and how they are addressed through CV‐SALTS policies. Our findings suggest that there remain substantial uncertainties associated with where nitrate concentrations are above safe levels, but that they predominantly intersect with environmental justice communities. Severe drought conditions and the proximity of CAFOS significantly elevated nitrate concentrations, but had previously not been sufficiently monitored or considered. A new data sufficiency metric based on nitrate variability, maximum contaminant level exceedance, and observation density can support stakeholder processes in prioritizing areas for additional monitoring and risk reduction. Our findings form the basis for recommended policy changes that are transferable to other regions.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"102 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparatory Phase of Major Earthquakes During Campi Flegrei Unrest (2020–2024)","authors":"A. G. Iaccarino, M. Picozzi, G. De Landro, D. Spallarossa","doi":"10.1029/2025jb031777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb031777","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing unrest at Campi Flegrei is posing significant challenges for hazard assessment and risk mitigation. This densely populated region has experienced more than 20,000 shallow earthquakes since 2020, driven by hydrothermal fluid accumulation beneath a mechanically strong caprock. In this work, we analyze the seismic activity characterizing the ongoing crisis, also including the magnitude Md 4.4 occurred in May 2024 in correspondence of a cumulative caldera uplift of 130 cm at the RITE GPS station. Here, we demonstrate that the joint interpretation of micro-seismicity evolution and deformation trend reveals the preparatory phase of major earthquakes. Our analysis of 20 seismic sequences from 2015 to 2024 highlights for larger earthquakes a consistent preparatory phase, with a strong correlation between deformation rates, cumulative seismic moment, and earthquake magnitudes. Residual strain, representing the difference between deformation-driven input and seismic output, emerges as a critical parameter linearly associated with the maximum earthquake magnitudes. Unveiling the preparation phase of larger earthquakes in the densely populated Campi Flegrei area has the potential to significantly contribute to seismic risk mitigation. Preliminary, simple predictive models based on strain dynamics show promising results, leading the way to developing novel approaches to forecast earthquake magnitudes and event rates days in advance. Our insights provide a crucial foundation for improving seismic risk mitigation strategies at Campi Flegrei and other volcanic systems worldwide.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sand Injection or Deposition: A Perspective From Mineral-Chemical Stratigraphy","authors":"Wiktor Marek Luzinski, Andrew Clifford Morton, Andrew Hurst","doi":"10.1111/bre.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70063","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral-chemical stratigraphy and provenance analysis are applied to aid diagnostics of a sandstone body of uncertain origin in the northern North Sea. The main Gamma discovery sandstone (well 24/9-3), hosted by fine-grained strata in the Balder Formation (early Eocene), has many characteristics of sandstone intrusions, such as discordant upper and lower surfaces and significant jack-up of overlying strata. However, the gross volume and high net-to-gross in boreholes (75% and 85% in 24/9-3 and 24/9-14S, respectively) are unusually high compared with sandstone intrusions known from the subsurface or outcrop examples. To constrain the origin of intra-Balder Fm sandstones in the Gamma area, their heavy mineral assemblages (HMAs) and garnet chemistry are compared with those preserved in depositional Heimdal, Hermod S2, Odin and Frigg Member sandstones found in stratigraphic and geographic proximity. Mineral-chemical characteristics in the Gamma Sandstone are similar to those in depositional sandstone of the Odin Member, a sandstone unit in the Balder Formation. All other depositional sandstone units analysed have dissimilar mineral-chemical features, or other factors preclude them as parent units for the Gamma Sandstone. We conclude that the intra-Balder sandstones in the Gamma discovery occupy their original stratigraphic position and can be assigned to the Odin Member, despite the intense changes to internal and external features caused by in situ remobilisation and sand fluidisation.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geothermal Heat Flow Mapping of Germany Integrating Multi-Geophysical and Geological Constraints With Uncertainty Quantification","authors":"Mohamed Sobh, Gerald Gabriel, Rodolfo Christiansen, Magued Al-Aghbary, David C. Tanner, Christian Gerhards","doi":"10.1029/2025jb031541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb031541","url":null,"abstract":"Geothermal heat flow (GHF) is a critical parameter for understanding the thermal structure and dynamics of the lithosphere, providing critical insights into lithospheric thermal evolution and geothermal energy potential. This study investigates the spatial variability of GHF in Germany by applying a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to estimate key thermal parameters, including crustal and mantle thermal conductivities, crustal heat production, and mantle heat flow. The analysis integrates data on surface heat flow, surface temperatures, and the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary depth. To address the limitations posed by the sparse and uneven distribution of direct borehole measurements, comprising only 595 GHF records, we incorporated a wide range of geophysical and geological constraints, such as gravity, magnetics, seismic velocity, topography, and proximity to faults and volcanic regions. These data sets were analyzed using a Quantile Regression Forest approach that enabled robust GHF estimations, while accounting for uncertainties and providing reliable prediction intervals. This methodology significantly improves upon traditional Curie Point Depth-based methods, providing a more accurate and comprehensive GHF model for Germany. The probabilistic multi-observable approach enhances GHF estimates in Germany, improving constraints on geothermal resources and the lithospheric thermal state.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BURGER: A Bottom‐Up Regionalization Approach for Global Sub‐Daily Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency Data","authors":"J. M. Hoch, I. Probyn, F. Marra, C. Lucas, J. Bates, A. Cooper, H. J. Fowler, S. Hatchard, E. Lewis, J. Savage, N. Addor, C. Sampson","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039773","url":null,"abstract":"Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency (IDF) curves require accurate observations which are not available everywhere. To provide globally consistent IDF maps, we harness the accuracy of Global Sub‐Daily Rainfall (GSDR) gauge observations and combine this with the power of a random forest regression model to regionalize the parameters of the SMEV (Simplified Metastatistical Extreme Value) distribution. After regionalization, it is possible to compute intensities for any combination of return period and duration up to 24 hr. These regionalized intensities are named BURGER, the “Bottom Up Regionalized Global Extreme Rainfall” data set. Comparing intensities from BURGER against those obtained at GSDR stations shows overall good agreement as supported by a median percentage bias around 0% and an interquartile range between −5% and 5%. Errors increase with less frequent events, indicating a too light tail of regionalized intensities, and show marked regional variations. Intensities from simulations excluding station data in Japan and Germany deviate up to 15% from those obtained with the station data included. A benchmark with a remote sensing‐based IDF data set did not reveal structurally lower agreement in ungauged regions compared to gauged regions, suggesting a reliable transfer to ungauged areas. Comparing results with other IDF data sets shows that differences between the underlying methods and data hamper a robust benchmark. For instance, while at some GSDR stations NOAA data agrees with BURGER data, NOAA data hardly agrees with empirically derived intensities at other stations. This first bottom‐up approach to global IDF data yields promising results and insights warranting future improvements.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressional Wave Velocity of Fault Damage Zones Constrained by Leaky Modes: Application to the 2019 Ridgecrest Aftershock Sequence","authors":"Wei Liu, Han Yue","doi":"10.1029/2025jb031434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025jb031434","url":null,"abstract":"Damage zones near a fault are formed by multiple seismic ruptures. They are important structures that influence the nucleation and dynamic rupture of earthquakes. There have been a few methods focusing on imaging damage zone structures, and most of them only obtain shear velocity (Vs) reduction. The leaky mode is a special type of wave propagation in low‐velocity zones, whose energy leaks into high‐velocity layers, contrasting with trapped waves. Leaky mode and trapped S‐waves are separated in time and dominate different components, with leaky mode being more sensitive to compression wave (Vp) structures. We propose applying the leaky mode to constrain the P‐wave velocity structure of a damage zone. In this study, we develop the theory of how to use the characteristic frequency of leaky modes to constrain the Vp parameters in a simple sandwiched low‐velocity structure. First, we discuss the acoustic approximation of leaky modes, demonstrating that it is reasonable to predict the characteristic frequency interval of leaky modes for damage zones with high Vp/Vs ratios. Secondly, we discuss the development of leaky modes for different propagation distances and Vp/Vs ratios and extract the characteristic frequency of leaky modes from simulated waveforms. We demonstrate that the characteristic frequency interval of leaky modes is close to the acoustic solution and is more sensitive to Vp reduction. Thirdly, we selected 73 events from the Ridgecrest aftershock sequence on the southeast side of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake rupture zone, where well‐observed leaky modes were present, and extracted three characteristic frequencies (7.64, 10.47, and 14.59 Hz). Finally, we constrain the relationship between Vp reduction and damage zone width, indicating a 14%–29% P‐wave velocity reduction under the B4 array.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Dedicated Alarm Criterion by Using Freshwater Mussels' Valve Movement as Biological Early‐Warning System to Identify Impacts of Flow Discharge Variations in Fluvial Ecosystem","authors":"Donatella Termini, Nina Benistati, Ashkan Pilbala, Vanessa Modesto, Luigi Fraccarollo, Dario Manca, Sebastiano Piccolroaz, Tommaso Moramarco","doi":"10.1029/2025wr041499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr041499","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the impact of hydrodynamic variations, induced by climate change or anthropogenic pressures on aquatic habitats is necessary for effective freshwater conservation. In this work, an ecosystem‐impact approach is applied by using freshwater mussels (FMs) as biological indicators of perturbations of aquatic environment. The valvometry technique is used to investigate FMs' response in different substrate compositions and environments. Laboratory flume experiments were performed with <jats:italic>Unio elongatulus</jats:italic> over two substrates (gravel and sand), and in situ pilot installation with stuck <jats:italic>Unio mancus</jats:italic> was realized in Paglia river (Umbria, Italy). FMs' response to flow discharge variation was analyzed in terms of average gaping frequency (<jats:italic>Fa</jats:italic>) and gaping amplitude (<jats:italic>Aa</jats:italic>). For the field case, the analysis concerned valvometry data recorded during a moderate flood on 31 March 2022. Both laboratory and field‐based experiments showed that FMs promptly react to flow perturbation increasing values of <jats:italic>Fa</jats:italic> and decreasing values of <jats:italic>Aa</jats:italic> as the percentage of flow discharge variation, ΔQ/Q<jats:sub>bp</jats:sub> (being ΔQ the flow discharge variation and Q<jats:sub>bp</jats:sub> the flow discharge before the perturbation), increased. Based on the data, a threshold condition was derived which can be used as an ecosystem alarm criterion based on mussel behavior. This could help practitioners, academic ecologists and controlling agencies in decision‐making processes. In this view, the paper also presents, to our knowledge for the first time, a [<jats:italic>Fa</jats:italic>, ΔQ/Q<jats:sub>bp</jats:sub>] benchmark graph which could be helpful in guiding the selection of the ecosystem alarm criterion in clear water, constituting a base for future development in natural conditions with suspended materials.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}