地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Heaving Induced by PDO Driving Abyssal Water Decadal Variability in the Eastern Philippine Sea","authors":"Yeqiang Shu, Xuancheng Lu, Ruixue Xia, Qihua Peng, Dongxiao Wang","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116364","url":null,"abstract":"The abyssal ocean serves as a significant heat reservoir in the Earth system, essential for regulating global energy and carbon balance. Previous studies indicate that climate modes primarily affect thermohaline conditions above 1,000 m, but their direct influence on the abyssal ocean remains uncertain. We utilized observations and reanalysis data to identify an inherent correlation between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and potential temperature at depths of 2,000–4,500 dbar in the Eastern Philippine Sea. During its positive (negative) phases, PDO induces warm (cold) anomalies in abyssal water, exhibiting a distinct first baroclinic mode throughout the water column. The heaving process (the vertically adiabatic migration of isopycnals), primarily driven by the divergence of abyssal circulation linked to PDO, emerges as the dominant mechanism influencing the deep-water potential temperature variability. This study reveals that climate modes can rapidly modulate abyssal variability below the depth of 2,000 m.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let's Talk About Dead Pool: How We Discuss the Shallows of Reservoirs","authors":"Adrianne C. Kroepsch, Elanor Andrews, Surabhi Upadhyay, Adrienne Marshall","doi":"10.1029/2025wr041330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025wr041330","url":null,"abstract":"The term “dead pool” has been circulating in water resources discourse in multiple ways, prompting confusion about what it means. In this commentary, we aim to clarify the definition of dead pool (and related terms describing critical reservoir elevations) to encourage clearer conversations about reservoir storage decline going forward. We also make two arguments to animate future research about the shallows of reservoirs. First, we suggest that critical reservoir thresholds such as dead pool are better thought of as dynamic and multifaceted rather than as static and singular elevations. Second, we offer a typology that aims to distinguish among three different types of reservoir storage decline. Taken together, a shared vocabulary about reservoir levels and a more nuanced conceptualization of how reservoirs shrink can better situate water scholars and policymakers to understand and manage reservoirs in an era of water overuse and climate change.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sliding and Burrowing Blocks of CO2 Create Sinuous “Linear Dune Gullies” on Martian Dunes by Explosive Sublimation-Induced Particle Transport","authors":"Lonneke Roelofs, Simone R. Visschers, Susan J. Conway, Tjalling de Haas, Maarten G. Kleinhans, Sylvain Douté, Kelly Pasquon, Matthew E. Sylvest, Manish R. Patel","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112860","url":null,"abstract":"Martian linear dune gullies are landforms consisting of parallel and often sinuous channels with distinct levees and pit-shaped endings that occur in the mid-latitudes on Mars. Recent observations link their formation to sublimating <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/d6d55543-2c6b-4cdf-87fd-9369f136eccb/grl71289-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"138\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl71289-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"CO Subscript 2\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"text\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl71289:grl71289-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl71289-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><msub data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"CO Subscript 2\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mtext data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"text\">CO</mtext><mn data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\">2</mn></msub></mrow>${text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>-ice blocks that slide downslope in early spring. Here we combine laboratory experiments in which we release <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/a987d069-e218-4008-9c44-783c439df158/grl71289-math-0002.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"139\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl71289-math-0002.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"CO Subscript 2\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"text\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mtext><mjx-script style","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport Mechanisms of Nanoplastics in Agricultural Soils Under Snowmelt Infiltration Conditions in Cold Regions","authors":"Renjie Hou, Yunjia Hong, Yanling Deng, Bingyu Zhu, Yuxuan Wang, Haihong Zhao, Jian Zhang, Liuwei Wang, Yulu Zhou, Wei Huang","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038827","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to uncover the migration characteristics of nanoplastics (NPs) permeating with snowmelt water in freeze‐thaw soil and their regulatory mechanisms. Luvisol (LCK), chernozem (CCK), and albic soil (ACK) were selected as porous media, and two scenarios of tetracycline and tetracycline plus biochar were established (LTL and LTLB for luvisol, CTL and CTLB for chernozem, and ATL and ATLB for albic). With snowmelt infiltration, soil NPs concentration in the CCK treatment had a peak value of 25.62 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in the vertical profile, whereas the ACK and LCK treatments were 5.32% and 7.79% higher than the CCK treatment, respectively. The presence of tetracycline and biochar provided additional adsorption sites for NPs, which in turn promoted the deposition and sequestration effects of NPs. This research constructed an innovative migration model of soil NPs under snowmelt infiltration and confirmed that soil NPs would be strongly resolved and re‐migrate under extreme snowfall. Moreover, the NPs in the chernozem would reach 2.12 mg kg<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at the vertical profile crest after 20 years, which is 6.19% and 19.88% lower relative to the albic soil and luvisol, respectively. Finally, the Extended Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek (XDLVO) theory measurements demonstrated that the energy barrier heights of the ATL and ATLB treatments in albic soil were 16.80% and 36.91% lower than the ACK treatment, respectively. The lower height of the energy potential barrier makes NPs more accessible to soil particles, which reconfirms that the presence of biochar coupled with tetracycline mediation can effectively inhibit the dissociation release characteristics of soil NPs.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty Quantification of Fluid Leakage and Fault Instability in Geologic CO2 ${text{CO}}_{2}$ Storage","authors":"Hannah Lu, Lluís Saló‐Salgado, Youssef M. Marzouk, Ruben Juanes","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039275","url":null,"abstract":"Geologic storage is an important strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere and mitigating climate change. In this process, coupling between mechanical deformation and fluid flow in fault zones is a key determinant of fault instability, induced seismicity, and leakage. Using a recently developed methodology, PREDICT, we obtain probability distributions of the permeability tensor in faults from the stochastic placement of clay smears that accounts for geologic uncertainty. We build a comprehensive set of fault permeability scenarios from PREDICT and investigate the effects of uncertainties from the fault zone internal structure and composition on forecasts of permanence and fault stability. To tackle the prohibitively expensive computational cost of the large number of simulations required to quantify uncertainty, we develop a deep‐learning‐based surrogate model capable of predicting flow migration, pressure buildup, and geomechanical responses in storage operations. We also compare our probabilistic estimation of leakage and fault instability with previous studies based on deterministic estimates of fault permeability. The results highlight the importance of including uncertainty and anisotropy in modeling of complex fault structures and improved management of geologic storage projects.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Year Prediction of Accelerated Sea Level Rise Along the Gulf of Mexico Coast During 2010–2020","authors":"Qiuying Zhang, Ping Chang, Gaopeng Xu, Stephen G. Yeager, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Jaison Kurian, Frederic Castruccio","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116127","url":null,"abstract":"The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) coast has experienced an acceleration of sea-level rise between about 2010 and 2020, garnering notable attention from both the scientific and coastal communities. This study investigates the underlying causes of this acceleration by comparing high-resolution (HR) and low-resolution (LR) ensembles of multi-year prediction simulations and historical climate simulations. The findings demonstrate that HR outperforms LR in predicting this acceleration, although they perform comparable prediction skill caused by external forcings. As the acceleration was driven by internal dynamics rather than external climate forcings, improved prediction skill in HR is attributed to its enhanced ability to capture internal variability. Further analysis reveals a strong link between GoM sea-level variability and a dipole-like wind stress curl anomaly straddling the region around Cuba, generating Ekman pumping and suction, and triggering remote changes in GoM sea-level rise through Rossby wave propagation. HR effectively captures this process likely due to its improved prediction of the multi-year Atlantic Meridional Mode.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating a Medieval Tsunami With Uranium-Series Techniques on Caribbean Corals","authors":"K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Jennifer Weil-Accardo, Nathalie Feuillet, Pierre Deschamps, Yuan-yuan Xu, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hailong Sun, Robert B. Halley, Brian F. Atwater","doi":"10.1029/2024gl114448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl114448","url":null,"abstract":"Uranium-series dates from coral boulders constrain the timing of a medieval tsunami from the Puerto Rico Trench. Previously reported evidence for this tsunami includes hundreds of coral boulders that came to rest hundreds of meters inland on Anegada, British Virgin Islands. New U-series dates on these coral boulders provide limiting dates for the tsunami. The narrowest limits were by dating interior bands of a coral that retains the hemispherical form of a living coral colony, and which include adjustments for the number of annual density band couplets between the dated samples and the boulder exteriors. By those limits, the tsunami dates between 1381 and 1391 CE, and likely occurred during summer or fall. The tsunami is important as the only reported sign that the eastern Puerto Rico Trench has produced a great earthquake. The dating may aid in defining the earthquake source and in communicating tsunami hazards.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixing‐Induced Mineral Precipitation in Porous Media: Front Development and Its Impact on Flow and Transport","authors":"Anna Kottsova, Xiang‐Zhao Kong, Pacelli L. J. Zitha, Martin O. Saar, David F. Bruhn, Nils Knornschild, Julien M. Allaz, Corey Archer, Maren Brehme","doi":"10.1029/2024wr039316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr039316","url":null,"abstract":"Injectivity decline during brine reinjection poses a significant challenge in the geothermal industry, with reported cases of substantial injectivity reduction and in severe cases, complete well shutdown. Among the reasons behind these issues, chemical processes play a key role due to potential changes in the fluid properties throughout the operation cycle. When reinjected, the fluid with altered chemical composition mixes with in situ fluids, potentially triggering mineral precipitation, which can obstruct flow and reduce injectivity. To better characterize the mechanisms behind the mixing‐induced mineral precipitation processes, we performed a series of core‐flooding experiments combined with high‐resolution imaging techniques. Our study focuses on the direct visualization of barite precipitation fronts in Berea sandstone and characterizes their spatial and temporal evolution under varying flow conditions. Pressure response and time‐resolved 2D scanning were analyzed to capture real‐time changes in the system, whereas post‐experiment micro‐CT scanning, electron microprobe analysis, and mass spectrometry were employed to examine the morphology and distribution of the mineral deposits. Our results highlight the critical role of flow velocities on the kinetics of mixing‐induced precipitation and demonstrate how mineral accumulation may significantly reduce permeability. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of mineral precipitation in porous media, highlighting the impact of flow conditions on formation damage in geothermal systems.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Ice Habit Models on Passive Microwave Snowfall Rate Retrievals","authors":"Yulan Hong, Huan Meng, Yongzhen Fan, Jun Dong, Tong Ren, Ping Yang","doi":"10.1029/2025gl116853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl116853","url":null,"abstract":"This work examines the impact of ice habit models on snowfall rate (SFR) derived from space-borne passive microwave observations. SFR retrieval is highly sensitive to ice habit assumptions. Comparisons of the SFRs based on Cloud Profiling Radar, ERA5, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Stage IV indicate that dense and sphere-like particles tend to overestimate SFR, whereas most non-spherical particles underestimate it. SFR biases differ by more than 200% between the most extreme cases. Although several ice habits perform well globally, an optimal choice of ice habit is environmentally dependent: A hollow bullet rosette works well in moist and warm conditions, whereas a solid ice sphere excels in cold and dry conditions. A machine learning model integrates multiple ice habits into the SFR algorithm by adjusting their contributions based on environmental conditions. This multi-ice habit approach improves statistical metrics by ∼10% overall (by 40% in deep clouds) compared to a single ice habit method.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Ice Composition Controls Radiatively Driven Convection Under Lake Ice","authors":"Benjamin J. Smith, Till J. W. Wagner, Hilary A. Dugan, Grace M. Wilkinson, Lucas K. Zoet, Nimish Pujara, Jennifer A. Franck","doi":"10.1029/2025gl117454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl117454","url":null,"abstract":"Light transmission through the ice cover of lakes can heat near-surface waters and result in radiatively driven convection (RDC), a prominent source of under-ice water motion in spring. We investigate the impact of ice composition on the under-ice water column using fully resolved two-dimensional numerical simulations of the water that account for light attenuation by both ice and water. Increasing the amount of opaque white ice (relative to that of transparent black ice) decreases thermal forcing of the water and delays Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities and convective mixing. Other key environmental factors include the attenuation length scale of light and initial stratification of the water column. We determine whether and when (a) the water column first becomes unstable and (b) RDC is initiated. Notably, RDC is delayed by a period of growth of a gravitationally unstable layer. These findings have implications for the cycling of nutrients and gases, and wider ecosystem dynamics.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}