地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Time-Resolved Leader Spectra of Downward Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes Observed at the Telescope Array Surface Detector","authors":"N. Kieu,&nbsp;R. U. Abbasi,&nbsp;M. M. F. Saba,&nbsp;P. R. Krehbiel,&nbsp;F. J. Gordillo-Vazquez,&nbsp;M. A. Stanley,&nbsp;D. R. da Silva,&nbsp;J. W. Belz,&nbsp;T. Warner,&nbsp;W. Rison,&nbsp;D. Rodeheffer,&nbsp;I. T. Cruz,&nbsp;D. Mazzucco,&nbsp;T. Knight,&nbsp;J. Remington,&nbsp;J. Mazich,&nbsp;R. LeVon,&nbsp;K. Smout,&nbsp;A. Petrizze,&nbsp;T. Abu-Zayyad,&nbsp;M. Allen,&nbsp;D. R. Bergman,&nbsp;I. Buckland,&nbsp;W. Campbell,&nbsp;B. G. Cheon,&nbsp;K. Endo,&nbsp;A. Fedynitch,&nbsp;T. Fujii,&nbsp;K. Fujisue,&nbsp;K. Fujita,&nbsp;M. Fukushima,&nbsp;G. Furlich,&nbsp;Z. Gerber,&nbsp;N. Globus,&nbsp;W. Hanlon,&nbsp;N. Hayashida,&nbsp;H. He,&nbsp;K. Hibino,&nbsp;R. Higuchi,&nbsp;D. Ikeda,&nbsp;T. Ishii,&nbsp;D. Ivanov,&nbsp;S. Jeong,&nbsp;C. C. H. Jui,&nbsp;K. Kadota,&nbsp;F. Kakimoto,&nbsp;O. Kalashev,&nbsp;K. Kasahara,&nbsp;Y. Kawachi,&nbsp;K. Kawata,&nbsp;I. Kharuk,&nbsp;E. Kido,&nbsp;H. B. Kim,&nbsp;J. H. Kim,&nbsp;J. H. Kim,&nbsp;S. W. Kim,&nbsp;R. Kobo,&nbsp;I. Komae,&nbsp;K. Komatsu,&nbsp;K. Komori,&nbsp;C. Koyama,&nbsp;M. Kudenko,&nbsp;M. Kuroiwa,&nbsp;Y. Kusumori,&nbsp;M. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;Y. J. Kwon,&nbsp;K. H. Lee,&nbsp;M. J. Lee,&nbsp;B. Lubsandorzhiev,&nbsp;J. P. Lundquist,&nbsp;A. Matsuzawa,&nbsp;H. Matsushita,&nbsp;J. A. Mathews,&nbsp;J. N. Matthews,&nbsp;K. Mizuno,&nbsp;M. Mori,&nbsp;M. Murakami,&nbsp;S. Nagataki,&nbsp;K. Nakagawa,&nbsp;M. Nakahara,&nbsp;T. Nakamura,&nbsp;T. Nakayama,&nbsp;Y. Nakayama,&nbsp;T. Nonaka,&nbsp;S. Ogio,&nbsp;H. Ohoka,&nbsp;N. Okazaki,&nbsp;M. Onishi,&nbsp;A. Oshima,&nbsp;H. Oshima,&nbsp;S. Ozawa,&nbsp;I. H. Park,&nbsp;K. Y. Park,&nbsp;M. Potts,&nbsp;M. Przybylak,&nbsp;M. S. Pshirkov,&nbsp;C. Rott,&nbsp;G. I. Rubtsov,&nbsp;D. Ryu,&nbsp;H. Sagawa,&nbsp;N. Sakaki,&nbsp;R. Sakamoto,&nbsp;T. Sako,&nbsp;N. Sakurai,&nbsp;S. Sakurai,&nbsp;D. Sato,&nbsp;S. Sato,&nbsp;K. Sekino,&nbsp;T. Shibata,&nbsp;J. Shikita,&nbsp;H. Shimodaira,&nbsp;H. S. Shin,&nbsp;B. K. Shin,&nbsp;K. Shinozaki,&nbsp;J. D. Smith,&nbsp;P. Sokolsky,&nbsp;B. T. Stokes,&nbsp;T. A. Stroman,&nbsp;H. Tachibana,&nbsp;Y. Takagi,&nbsp;K. Takahashi,&nbsp;M. Takeda,&nbsp;R. Takeishi,&nbsp;A. Taketa,&nbsp;M. Takita,&nbsp;Y. Tameda,&nbsp;K. Tanaka,&nbsp;M. Tanaka,&nbsp;S. B. Thomas,&nbsp;G. B. Thomson,&nbsp;P. Tinyakov,&nbsp;I. Tkachev,&nbsp;T. Tomida,&nbsp;S. Troitsky,&nbsp;Y. Tsunesada,&nbsp;S. Udo,&nbsp;F. Urban,&nbsp;I. A. Vaiman,&nbsp;M. Vrábel,&nbsp;D. Warren,&nbsp;K. Yamazaki,&nbsp;Y. Zhezher,&nbsp;Z. Zundel,&nbsp;J. Zvirzdin","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043812","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The first time-resolved leader spectra associated with a downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flash (TGF) observed by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD) were recently reported by Kieu et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041720). Building on that study, this paper presents the time-resolved leader spectra of two additional downward TGFs detected by the TASDs. The first TGF, triggered once, occurred during the Initial Breakdown Pulses (IBPs) of a negative return stroke with a low peak current (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${-}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>18.5 kA). The second TGF, triggered twice, was detected during the initial leader stage of a high-peak-current (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${-}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>133.4 kA) return stroke. The electric field change (E-change) waveform caused by the leader preceding this return stroke had a brief duration (1.2 ms) and lacked strong IBPs. These unusual characteristics suggest that this lightning flash may represent a distinct type of event associated with TGF detection not previously observed at the TASD. Most importantly, the optical emissions of both TGF events align with previous findings and show ion emission lines before and after TGF detections while only neutral emission lines were recorded at the moment of TGF detections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JD043812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"North American Monsoon Response to Antecedent Soil Moisture and Snow in the Colorado Plateau","authors":"Zachary Cleveland,&nbsp;Marysa Laguë,&nbsp;Courtenay Strong","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the relationship between spring soil moisture and snowpack in the Colorado Plateau (CP) and the onset of the North American Monsoon (NAM) using reanalysis data. We find that increased spring soil moisture in the CP corresponds to later NAM onset dates throughout much of the southwestern United States (US) and northwestern Mexico. Anomalously moist spring soils in the CP increase the seasonal-average surface latent heat flux and decrease sensible heat flux, resulting in lower late spring and early summer surface temperatures and a weakened thermal gradient between the land and ocean. Decreased spring sensible heat flux also corresponds to decreased early summer geopotential heights over the southwestern US, a weaker NAM circulation, and reduced moisture flux into the NAM region. NAM onset dates in years with the highest spring soil moisture or snow depth content in the CP are delayed 1 week on average in the NAM region. Conversely, NAM onset dates in years with the lowest spring soil moisture or snow depth content in the CP occur 1 week earlier on average. While increased spring snow in the CP is correlated with a delayed NAM onset, the relationship between spring albedo and NAM onset lacks statistical significance, suggesting that CP snow anomalies affect the NAM by contributing soil moisture via snowmelt, rather than directly affecting the surface energy budget. Results indicate a mechanistic pathway that links spring soil moisture and snowpack anomalies in the CP to NAM development, which will be tested in future numerical simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced groundwater potential mapping using a GIS based chaotic sparrow search algorithm optimized weighted broad learning system: A case study of the Guozhuang spring region, northern China","authors":"Dekang Zhao ,&nbsp;Fan Miao ,&nbsp;Yongqi Chen ,&nbsp;Qiang Wu ,&nbsp;Guorui Feng ,&nbsp;Bofeng Chang ,&nbsp;He Su ,&nbsp;Peiyuan Ren ,&nbsp;Chenwei Hao ,&nbsp;Zhenghao Li ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Jiaying Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Guozhuang spring area, Shanxi, North China.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study proposes a Chaotic Sparrow Search Algorithm-enhanced Weighted Broad Learning System (CSSA-WBLS) for groundwater potential assessment. The framework mitigates data imbalance via instance weighting in WBLS and enhances parameter optimization using chaotic operators within CSSA.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Groundwater is a critical freshwater resource for sustainable water supply management. However, evaluating its potential faces two key challenges: severe data imbalance (fewer spring occurrence samples than non-spring samples) and suboptimal parameter optimization in existing models. Geospatial data were compiled using GIS analysis and field surveys. Eleven predictive factors spanning geology, hydrology, and anthropogenic influences were identified using the frequency ratio, random forest feature importance, and multicollinearity diagnostics. A dataset exhibiting a 1:10 spring/non-spring ratio was split into training (70 %) and testing (30 %) sets. BLS and WBLS models were hybridized with the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) and CSSA to optimize network architecture and node parameters, addressing SVM limitations with imbalanced data. Model performance under imbalance was evaluated using ROC-AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, balanced accuracy, F1-score, confusion matrices, and Friedman testing. CSSA-WBLS achieved superior performance across over all metrics (AUC = 0.874) and effectively addressed data imbalance. Spatial mapping identified 18.78 % of the area as high-potential groundwater zones. CSSA-WBLS thus provides an efficient framework for groundwater assessment and has significant potential for regional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 102708"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A morphological, morphometric and geochemical characterization of the El Jobo projectile points – diversity and significance in early human populations across the Americas","authors":"Diego Vargas,&nbsp;Kévin Le Verger,&nbsp;Guido L. B. Wiesenberg,&nbsp;Carlos von Büren,&nbsp;Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño,&nbsp;Arturo Jaimes,&nbsp;Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02296-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02296-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The El Jobo projectile points represent a distinctive design innovation of Late Pleistocene Neotropical human groups. This technology, characterized by its fusiform/lanceolate shape, has been recorded mainly in northwestern Venezuela in a variety of geographical areas and in association with megafauna killing/butchering sites. To characterize it, address its significance, and analyse possible continental relationships, four consecutive approaches were conducted. A representative sample of El Jobo projectile points was subject to technological approximation, morphological classification, outline-based geometric morphometric analysis, and elemental composition analysis. Six morphological types were recognized, for which a common series of manufacture steps was hypothesized. Mainly collateral and irregular flaking patterns were identified, also recording new basal variability, including fluting, fluting-like and reconfiguration techniques. The four most representative morphological types were subjected to morphometric analysis. Elliptic Fourier and Principal Component analyses identified at least three clusters, with width variation mainly distinguishing their shapes, and statistical tests determined significative differences between the main morphological types. The elemental analysis revealed the main use of quarzitic rocks, with variations in elemental composition indicative of diverse sources. The observed variability and cumulative evidence of El Jobo projectile points suggests their adaptation to diverse hunting strategies. The wide geographic distribution of tools and the morphometric comparison with a Monte Verde projectile suggest potential long-distance connections of El Jobo with other projectile point technologies across the continent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02296-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation and Prediction of Sand Ripple Geometry on a Sloped Bed Under Varying Combined Wave-Current Flows","authors":"Seok-Bong Lee,&nbsp;Meagan E. Wengrove,&nbsp;Matthieu A. de Schipper,&nbsp;Maarten G. Kleinhans,&nbsp;Gerben Ruessink,&nbsp;Julia Hopkins","doi":"10.1029/2025JF008380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF008380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated quasi-2D sand ripple geometry (i.e., ripple height, ripple wavelength, and ripple asymmetry) on a mound subject to the influence of waves, currents, and combined wave-current flows. The results of this study quantify how ripple geometry is influenced by bed slope and combined wave-current flows. The geometry of the ripples is shown to depend on the combined wave-current flow ratio and the local bed slope. Under wave-only conditions, the wave-driven ripple length and height decreased as a function of depth and local slope. Under combined wave-current conditions, the ripples increased in height and wavelength on the stoss slope of the mound, and decreased on the lee slope of the mound. Existing ripple geometry predictors, developed for combined flows on flat sand beds, were unable to predict ripple geometry on the sloped bed accurately. We propose correction factors for ripple geometry predictors to account for slope effects and combined wave-current flow conditions. Applying the correction factors significantly improves the predictor performance for predicting ripple height, wavelength, and asymmetry on sloping beds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling Bimodal and Unimodal Patterns in the Diurnal Cycle of Low Clouds and Their Meteorological Drivers at SACOL","authors":"Chi Zhang,&nbsp;Jinming Ge,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Bochun Liu,&nbsp;Jing Su,&nbsp;Weiqi Lan,&nbsp;Nan Peng,&nbsp;Ziyang Xu,&nbsp;Ziyang Qin","doi":"10.1029/2025JD044125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD044125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diurnal cycle of low clouds (DCLC) is strongly modulated by regional meteorological conditions, leading to complex cloud diurnal patterns particularly in semi-arid regions. However, the mechanisms governing DCLC behavior in these regions remain poorly understood due to sparse high-precision observations and intricate meteorological conditions. In this study, we analyze 6 years (2014–2019) of ground-based Ka-band Zenith Radar (KAZR) observations from the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) to investigate DCLC variability. Using Fourier decomposition, we propose a Bimodal Prominence Index (BPI) to quantify DCLC features and examine their seasonal transitions linked with key meteorological factors. Our results show that low clouds exhibit prominent bimodal structure with greater coverage and amplitude in cold seasons, transitioning toward unimodal pattern during warm months. Key meteorological factors, including estimated inversion strength (EIS), mid-to-lower tropospheric wind shear (MLWS), 700 hPa relative humidity (RH₇₀₀) and 700 hPa vertical velocity (<i>ω</i>₇₀₀), exhibit strong relationships with the DCLC variability. A multiple regression model incorporating these variables effectively reproduces the DCLC, achieving a high correlation coefficient of 0.71 with observations. RH₇₀₀ and EIS primarily control low cloud formation while <i>ω</i>₇₀₀ and MLWS modulate seasonal patterns. We found noon-peaked RH₇₀₀ and <i>ω</i>₇₀₀ drive unimodal cloud in summer while strong inversions and enhanced nocturnal MLWS support bimodal clouds in winter. Autumn pattern reflect enhanced nighttime humidity and weakened daytime EIS peak favoring bimodality. These findings provide an insight into the meteorological controls of DCLC in semi-arid environments and their role in affecting regional weather and climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Adaptive High-Latitude Coordinates","authors":"Gareth Chisham,&nbsp;Angeline G. Burrell,&nbsp;Kate A. Zawdie","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115265","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high-latitude ionosphere can be divided into three regions dominated by different types of coupling and characterized by distinctive behaviors. These are the polar cap, the auroral region, and the sub-auroral region. Their locations are highly variable, changing in extent in response to driving conditions in the solar wind and within the magnetosphere. We discuss how defining high-latitude coordinates relative to the boundaries between these physically significant regions (adaptive co-ordinates) has major implications for statistical studies, modeling applications, and research combining magnetospheric and ionospheric data. We explore the impact of using adaptive co-ordinates for statistical analyses of ionospheric vorticity, showing how using adaptive co-ordinate systems provides a clearer picture of the latitudinal variation of vorticity, and how peaks and troughs in vorticity relate to the boundary locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedform Growth Beneath Periodic Internal Solitary Waves Propagating Through a Tidal Flow","authors":"A. Posada-Bedoya,&nbsp;J. Olsthoorn,&nbsp;L. Boegman","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022914","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Internal solitary waves (ISWs), ubiquitous to lakes and coastal oceans, have often been proposed as a mechanism for generating subaqueous sandwaves. Yet, the physical mechanisms underlying ISW-driven bedform growth remain poorly understood. We conducted laboratory experiments to investigate bedform generation by periodic ISWs propagating through a background tidal flow. The regularly-spaced bursts of resuspended material (wisps), that occurred behind the progressive ISW coincided with increased fluctuations in the 3-D velocity field and bed stress. We attributed these to vortices generated by the amplification of the most unstable mode of the separated bottom boundary layer (BBL). We propose a feedback mechanism, between the BBL instability and bedforms, that leads to bedform generation: the BBL instability from a leading ISW creates spatially-periodic bed defects that act as a source of perturbations to the BBL, amplifying the instability and subsequent bedform growth upon passage of trailing ISWs. The spacing between wisps and the bedform wavelength matched the wavelength of the most unstable mode of the BBL, as predicted by a linear stability analysis. The ISW-induced BBL flow drives sediment resuspension and bedform generation, but these processes are modulated by the background tide. During ebb tide, the BBL currents beneath the ISW trough are reinforced by the tidal flow, increasing the local Reynolds number imposed on the BBL and the instability growth rate. The opposite interaction occurs during flood tide. The proposed feedback mechanism provides a mechanistic explanation for bedforms generated beneath periodic ISWs in a laboratory setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JC022914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error Analysis in Back-Stripping Procedure for Modeling Natural Subsidence: Application in the Po Delta Area (Northern Italy)","authors":"E. Vitagliano,&nbsp;C. D’Ambrogi,&nbsp;I. Spassiani,&nbsp;R. Di Maio","doi":"10.1029/2025EA004313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EA004313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The back-stripping technique is widely used in geological modeling to quantify basin subsidence history, sedimentation rates, and tectonic subsidence. Recent applications involve reconstructing paleo-water depths, especially in oceanic and Arctic studies. Despite the availability of open-source Matlab codes based on this procedure, comprehensive investigations including errors from data acquisition remain lacking. Many studies address the errors related to model parameters, neglecting a systematic approach crucial for result accuracy. To enhance the reliability in subsidence rate calculations via back-stripping, we propose a method to analyze errors introduced during the pre-processing of input data. Our approach starts with a qualitative identification of key error sources and proceeds with a quantitative estimation of each of them, using appropriate mathematical techniques such as linear interpolation and combinatorics. The proposed method is applied to the Po Delta in northern Italy, a region historically influenced by anthropogenic and natural subsidence. Analyzing a 2D geological section characterized by thin Holocene sedimentary successions, we identified 12 error sources, grouped into four basic categories: geometry of the model layers, distribution of lithologies, petrophysical properties, and factors related to depositional environments and geodynamics. We then assessed the error ranges and their probability of occurrence. The results show that errors can vary significantly—from the meter to millimeter-scale—defining the magnitude and distribution of each error source along line, which is essential for accurately interpreting model results and assessing related uncertainties. The study also establishes a replicable workflow for future uncertainty management, contributing to enhance open-source tools based on the back-stripping procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025EA004313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience of traditional pottery practices in the face of change: clay recipes and technological shifts in early medieval Southern Pannonia","authors":"Andreja Kudelić,&nbsp;Tajana Sekelj Ivančan,&nbsp;Natali Neral,&nbsp;Ivan Valent","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02291-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02291-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines pottery production and technological shifts in the southwestern Pannonian Basin during the Early Middle Ages, focusing on the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Medieval period, characterised by changes in social, cultural, and economic structures. The research targets two key settlement phases from the lowland region along the Drava River—one from the late 6th to early 7th century (Phase 1), and the other from the mid-7th to mid-8th century (Phase 2). By analysing ceramic samples from sites like Hlebine-Dedanovice and Torčec-Prečno pole I, the study investigates changes in raw material selection, tempering practices, and technological techniques, employing a techno-petrographic approach, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and optical microscopy (OM). These methods provide insights into how pottery production evolved, reflecting broader cultural adaptations in the region. The study also explores how traditional craft practices, particularly the handmade production of cooking pots, persisted even with the introduction of the potter's wheel, highlighting the resilience of local traditions. By addressing technological and cultural continuities and changes, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how local communities navigated transitions during this transformative period, offering a comprehensive view of the socio-cultural dynamics reflected in pottery production. This research contributes to the broader understanding of material culture and technological transitions in early medieval Europe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}