Jana Ščevková, Matúš Žilka, Jozef Dušička, Zuzana Vašková, Jozef Kováč, Eva Zahradníková
{"title":"Environmental drivers of the allergenic load caused by Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen and its major allergen Amb a 1 in the atmosphere.","authors":"Jana Ščevková, Matúš Žilka, Jozef Dušička, Zuzana Vašková, Jozef Kováč, Eva Zahradníková","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02932-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02932-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the environmental factors influencing the allergenicity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen is crucial for effective allergy prevention. This study, conducted from 2019 to 2022 in Bratislava, Slovakia, utilised a Hirst-type Burkard pollen trap and a Burkard multi-vial cyclone sampler to measure airborne ragweed pollen (by microscopic analysis) and Amb a 1 allergen concentrations (by ELISA), enabling the calculation of pollen allergen potency (PAP). The data analysis showed that annual pollen and allergen levels are affected by meteorological conditions: sunny and dry weather in May accelerated pollen production, while dry conditions in August increased allergenic potency during the main flowering phase. Based on Spearman's correlation analysis, daily allergen levels were significantly associated with pollen concentrations. Regression analysis confirmed the influence of environmental factors on pollen, allergen and PAP levels. Pollen concentration showed a positive association with temperature and wind speed but a negative association with precipitation. Relative humidity was the only meteorological factor negatively linked to allergen levels, while temperature had a negative impact on PAP. The most relevant air pollutants were CO and SO<sub>2</sub>, which increased allergen levels and PAP, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":"1885-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Warming unsynchronised tree radial growth and regional vegetation canopy growth in semi-arid areas of north-eastern China--a case of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in plantation.","authors":"Xin Gao, Junxia Li, Wenjun Sun, Zhenju Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02944-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02944-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exploring the synchronisation between radial growth from a specific tree species and the regional vegetation canopy growth covering a certain area (obtained from remote sensing data) and their climate responses contributes towards clarifying the influence of climate change on aboveground forest biomass. We assessed the variation and correlation between the radial growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (PM) and regional vegetation canopy growth along with their climate responses in the semi-arid area of northeastern China, investigating the synchronisation and temperature limitation of the two growths. We also clarified the variation in the synchronisation of radial and canopy growth in a warming climate. The radial growth of PM and canopy growth of regional vegetation increased significantly. Positive correlations between tree-ring width index (RWI) and leaf area index (LAI) during May and June were higher than those during the rest of the months and month-combinations of a year. The synchronisation of the radial growth and the canopy growth significantly increased along increasing gradients of latitude, and significantly decreased along increasing gradients of temperature. Radial and canopy growth were limited in July by minimum temperatures in the northern high-latitude sample sites (cold and arid) of the study area. Warming induced the unsynchronised radial and canopy growth in the semi-arid area. The synchronous change of the two growth types will weak in the study area in the future; the decoupling of tree growth is expected to occur earlier in the cold, dry areas than in the warm, wet areas. Weakened or broken statistical linkages, such as the synchronisation between the radial growth of a tree species and the canopy growth of the regional vegetation, indicate that the decreased effectiveness of a specific tree radial growth as an indicator of regional vegetation growth complicates the up- or down-scale assessment of forest biomass dynamics and its carbon sequestration potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":"1969-1985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of season, temperature, and direct normal irradiance on IVF pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Chao Wang, Jiehua Chen, Zhong Lin, Li Shi, Qiuyan Ruan, Jiamin Long, Yanping Lao, Xiangli Niu","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02951-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02951-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong> This study assessed associations between season, temperature, direct normal irradiance (DNI), and clinical pregnancy outcomes in first fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study (June 2021-October 2023) of 1179 patients undergoing fresh IVF cycles. Inclusion criteria required age ≤ 45 years, first-time fresh embryo transfer cycles (long/antagonist protocol), excluding preimplantation genetic testing, frozen cycles, or incomplete data. Temperature and DNI were recorded from gonadotropin (Gn) initiation to oocyte retrieval. Binary logistic regression assessed seasonal impacts on clinical pregnancy, while restricted cubic splines (RCS) independently modeled temperature/DNI effects. Results. Compared to winter, clinical pregnancy likelihood was 1.74-fold higher in spring (95% CI:1.11-2.71, P = 0.015) and 1.53-fold in summer (95% CI:1.02-2.30, P = 0.042). Stratified analysis revealed a 2.02-fold increased likelihood in summer cycles using the long protocol (95% CI:1.07-3.82, P = 0.031), whereas no seasonal variation was observed in antagonist protocol. RCS regression analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between temperature and clinical pregnancy outcomes, which was confirmed in the long protocol group. No significant correlations were observed with DNI or in patients treated with the antagonist protocol. Conclusions. Season and ambient temperature significantly impact IVF clinical pregnancy, especially in the long protocol, with the highest increase in pregnancy rates observed in summer, as well as within the 26.13℃ to 29.68℃ temperature range. No significant effects were observed with DNI or the antagonist protocol. These findings suggest that summer treatment may optimize IVF outcomes, but future studies should prioritize multi-center prospective designs with continuous temperature monitoring to define precise optimal ranges.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":"2053-2065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental, neuropsychological, and physiological factors in urban outdoor thermal comfort assessments: a systematic review.","authors":"Pranav Pandya, Maider Llaguno-Munitxa, Martin Gareth Edwards, Emilie Lacroix, Gabriele Manoli, Ariane Middel","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02942-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02942-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive heat and thermal discomfort are growing threats for urban dwellers, severely affecting health and well-being. The complex interplay of urban structures, microclimates, and the diverse psychophysiological responses of individuals contribute to the complexity of Outdoor Thermal Comfort (OTC) studies. Prior literature has proposed various environmental and psychophysiological (i.e., human-centered) OTC assessment models. However, observational studies are necessary to understand OTC and to refine and validate these models. Yet, no guidelines exist for OTC observational study planning, making it challenging to collect environmental and psychophysiological OTC data following standardized practices. This paper presents a systematic review that summarizes the factors and parameters found in the participant-involved OTC observational studies described in 217 papers. Their geographical context, the environmental parameters studied, the meteorological instruments used, the biometric sensors, neuropsychological assessments, and thermal, environmental, and sensory surveys used, as well as the observational study planning strategies implemented in these papers were evaluated. Most papers used thermal surveys, while only 2% used sensory surveys. This review found that studies in continental and arid climates remain limited. Additionally, most studies targeted 18 to 60-year-old participants, while only 1.3% (3 papers) and 2.7% (6 papers) focused on children and the elderly. Only 5% of the observational studies used standardized neuropsychological assessments, all conducted in the last 10 years. Furthermore, physiological sensing to access cardiovascular, neurological, and dermatological functioning was only deployed in 18% of the studies. We outline knowledge gaps, identify research opportunities, and suggest potential frameworks for future observational study planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":"1819-1841"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal requirements and forecasting the start of the plane tree pollen season in Tétouan (NW Morocco).","authors":"Ijlal Raissouni, Lamiaa Achmakh, Asmaa Boullayali, Jihan El-Khattabi, Mustapha Hassoun, Hassan Bouziane","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02939-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02939-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chilling and heat requirements are important for breaking dormancy and initiating blooming in temperate deciduous trees. To establish these requirements for Platanus trees, and predict the start of pollination in a given year, we performed a study based on aerobiological data from 2013 to 2024 in Tétouan (NW Morocco). Chilling requirements were established using two methods: the Aron Model (AM) and the Dynamic Model (DM), which estimate chill hours (CH) and chill portions (CP), respectively. As for heat requirements, we used Ring's Growing Degree Days (GDD) and Growing Degree Hours (GDH) methods. These various approaches generated four combinations: Aron's model with GDD (GDD<sub>AM</sub>), Aron's model with GDH (GDH<sub>AM</sub>), Dynamic model with GDD (GDD<sub>DM</sub>), Dynamic model with GDH (GDH<sub>DM</sub>). Our findings showed that the chilling requirements accumulated a mean of 663.14 CH and 23.9 CP, while heat requirements showed a mean value of 180.5 GDD<sub>AM</sub>, 8207.1 GDH<sub>AM</sub>, 129.19 GDD<sub>DM</sub>, and 6742.93 GDH<sub>DM</sub>. The leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) allowed a generally satisfactory forecast for all combinations and exhibited minor differences between predicted and observed pollination dates, ranging from - 3 to 0 days. Following a thorough analysis based on linear regression analysis and other considerations detailed in the discussion, heat requirements using GDH<sub>DM</sub> showed a closer relationship with the start date of the pollen season and could be preferred in this case to develop forecasting models in Tétouan. However, it would be interesting to employ other approaches and to use more extended data series to strengthen this conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":"1929-1941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel method for local clothing insulation prediction to support sustainable building and urban design.","authors":"Junwei Lin, Ying Jiang, Yongxin Xie, Jianlei Niu","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02934-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02934-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clothing is crucial in thermal comfort evaluation, affecting heat exchange between the body and the environment. Assuming even clothing insulation across body segments can lead to inaccurate predictions, affecting building and urban design strategies. This study processed insulation data from 240 clothing ensembles to derive local insulation values. Regression models were developed to relate local and overall insulation values, allowing fast estimation of local insulation distribution for any given overall value. To validate the effectiveness of local clothing insulation values predicted by the proposed methods, measured real-time skin temperatures were collected from field experiments and compared with predicted values. Results demonstrated a significant accuracy improvement in the predicted local skin temperature from thermoregulation simulation combined with the proposed local clothing insulation estimation methods. The Jaccard Similarity Coefficient (JSC) increased by an average of 0.21, with body segments like the head, neck, shoulders, back, and arms showing nearly 0.4 or more improvement. These local insulation determination functions, used with a multi-nodal thermoregulation model, offer a simpler and more effective way to enhance thermal comfort assessment accuracy. By providing more precise local insulation values, these functions can help optimize building designs and urban planning strategies, leading to better thermal comfort for occupants.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":"1899-1917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal indices for assessing the impact of outdoor thermal environments on human health: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.","authors":"Katerina Pantavou, Adrien Fillon, Lunzheng Li, Zacharias Maniadis, Georgios K Nikolopoulos","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02948-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-02948-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global rise in temperatures contributes to the increase of climate-sensitive diseases. Despite mitigation efforts, temperatures are projected to keep rising, highlighting the need for integrated methods to assess the impact of thermal environments on human health. This study summarizes the existing evidence on the statistical relationships (associations) between thermal indices and health outcomes. Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched until December, 2023 for studies examining the association between thermal indices and health outcomes in outdoor environments (protocol registration: PROSPERO CRD42023412470). The quality of the included studies was assessed using the United States National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool. The search identified 5038 records, with 310 meeting eligibility criteria and examining 1143 associations. These associations represented 51 countries, primarily in North America (n = 448, 39.2%) and Europe (n = 399, 34.9%). Temperate climates (n = 597, 52.2%) were the most frequently examined. Seventeen indices were identified, with Apparent Temperature being the most common (141 publications, 634 associations). Frequently used indices included also Heat Index, Universal Thermal Climate Index, and Physiologically Equivalent Temperature. About half of the associations focused on mortality and half on morbidity. The most frequently examined associations were for diseases of the circulatory system (n = 304, 26.6%), all-cause morbidity/mortality (n = 288, 25.2%), and diseases of the respiratory system (n = 151, 13.2%). Among associations examining heat-related outcomes (n = 882), 57.8% (n = 510) suggested an increased risk of adverse health outcomes as indices increased, while for cold-related outcomes (n = 367), 44.1% (n = 162) suggested an increased risk as indices decreased. This systematic review reveals significant associations between thermal indices and health outcomes, indicating that thermal indices could be valuable tools for public health planning. However, the diversity in methodologies across studies highlights the need for standardization in methodology and reporting, including the reporting of non-significant findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":"1843-1866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haiyang Xian , Shan Li , Yiping Yang , Jianxi Zhu , Xiaoju Lin , Jiaxin Xi , Wenlin Yang , Yao Xiao , Yonghua Cao , Chenyi Zhao , Miaomiao Zhang , Le Zhang , Yanqiang Zhang , Akira Tsuchiyama , Mang Lin , Hongping He , Yi-Gang Xu
{"title":"Highly oxidized exogenous materials in Chang’e 6 sample returned from the lunar farside South Pole-Aitken basin","authors":"Haiyang Xian , Shan Li , Yiping Yang , Jianxi Zhu , Xiaoju Lin , Jiaxin Xi , Wenlin Yang , Yao Xiao , Yonghua Cao , Chenyi Zhao , Miaomiao Zhang , Le Zhang , Yanqiang Zhang , Akira Tsuchiyama , Mang Lin , Hongping He , Yi-Gang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent discoveries regarding oxidized materials on the moon have challenged the traditional belief that the moon is highly reduced. The oxidized materials occur in either crystalline minerals or glasses, and the complex occurrence makes the origin of these oxidized lunar materials still unclear. Here we report a highly oxidized impact melt clast retrieved by Chang’e 6 mission from the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. The impact melt clast hosts a high content of ferric iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>) in matrix pigeonite with an Fe<sup>3+</sup>/∑Fe ratio of 0.44 ± 0.06, while xenocryst pyroxene only contains ferrous (Fe<sup>2+</sup>) iron. The observed high Fe<sup>3+</sup> content indicates that the oxidation state of the local impact clast is even more oxidized than that of Earth’s mantle. The widespread presence of non-spherical Fe-Ni alloy nanoparticles in the impact melt clast suggests that the oxidized materials may have been delivered to the moon by meteorite. These findings reveal an external source of oxidized materials on the moon, emphasizing the potential role of meteoritic materials in the redox cycling of the lunar surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"668 ","pages":"Article 119556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiesheng Xue, Lu Zhang, Linlin Wang, Alexander Baklanov, Yuanjian Yang
{"title":"Characteristics and Mechanisms of Non-Stationary Turbulence in a Megacity Area","authors":"Jiesheng Xue, Lu Zhang, Linlin Wang, Alexander Baklanov, Yuanjian Yang","doi":"10.1029/2025GL114978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114978","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Non-stationarity challenges the applicability of turbulent similarity theory and flux estimation, especially in urban areas with highly heterogeneous underlying surfaces. Based on the observational data in Beijing, we investigated the characteristics and potential physical mechanisms of turbulent non-stationarity in a megacity area. The results show that the proportion of non-stationary turbulence in Beijing reached 52.41% in 2017. Strongly non-stationary turbulence mainly occurs under strongly-stable/strongly-unstable stratification conditions. Strong non-stationarity reduces the turbulent transport efficiency. This is characterized by the disintegration of turbulent coherent structures and the dominance of submeso motions. Furthermore, it was found that submeso motions (e.g., internal gravity waves and convective circulations) are the main cause of non-stationary turbulence. After removing the influence of submeso motions based on the Hilbert-Huang transform, the non-stationary level is effectively reduced. The results are significant for accurately estimating turbulent fluxes and improving the parameterization of turbulent exchange processes in megacity areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL114978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Earthquake Cycles and Seismic Source Processes on Carbonate Faults: Insights From Microphysically-Based Modeling","authors":"Jianye Chen","doi":"10.1029/2024JB031071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB031071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The source process of natural earthquakes, involving spontaneous fault slip and complex deformation processes within the fault zone, remains poorly understood. Despite advances in understanding earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation, a model capturing the full range of velocities and associated deformation mechanisms is still lacking. Existing studies often fail to integrate the contributing mechanisms comprehensively, limiting simulation of earthquake behavior at varying depths and loading velocities. This study addresses this gap by extending a microphysical friction model, originally developed for earthquake nucleation, to simulate the entire seismic cycle on a carbonate fault, using a spring-slider analog. The model predicts steady-state friction as a function of velocity (<i>v</i>) and depth, revealing a transition from <i>v</i>-strengthening to -weakening with increasing depth or decreasing velocity, and dynamic weakening at seismic velocities at all depths. These predictions align with previous laboratory results. Depths simulated range from the surface to the nucleation zone. At shallow depths featuring <i>v</i>-strengthening friction (<4 km), the model predicts a range of slip behaviors at a rupture front, from catastrophic events to small slow-slip events with significant afterslip, depending on whether the peak resistance inherent in the model is surpassed during acceleration. At depths featuring nucleation (≥4 km), the model predicts spontaneous earthquake cycles with well-defined source characteristics. Notably, the predicted slip pulses resemble the classic or regularized <i>Yoffe</i> function, suggesting a self-healing rupture mode. The extended model improves our understanding of earthquake source processes and provides a potentially powerful framework for simulating earthquake behaviors on carbonate faults.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}