地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Magma Chamber Longevity on Mars and Its Controls on Crustal Structure and Composition","authors":"Arka Pratim Chatterjee,&nbsp;Christian Huber,&nbsp;James W. Head III,&nbsp;Olivier Bachmann","doi":"10.1029/2024JE008798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008798","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In volcanically active planetary bodies, the depths and longevity of crustal magma storage critically control eruptibility and crustal composition. A paucity of relevant observations and models has challenged our understanding of the development of crustal magma storage systems on Mars and their role in the apparent lack of evolved compositions. Here, we use numerical modeling, together with recent results from the InSight mission, to study the evolution of crustal magma chambers on Mars and conditions that promote their growth and eruptibility. We find that the martian crust can be divided, by depth, into three major domains. For Elysium Planitia (the InSight landing site), at depths ≤15 km (∼1.5 kbar), trapped magma pods are small, short-lived, with high diking potential, hindering the production of evolved compositions. While depths &gt;25 km (∼2.5 kbar) can host long-lived magma chambers, 15–25 km (∼2 ± 0.5 kbar) marks a transition where magma chambers could grow while concurrently expelling magma. Interestingly, this narrow depth window overlaps with the depth of an intra-crustal discontinuity reported by InSight, suggesting a possible magmatic origin for the discontinuity. We further show that the crustal thermal gradient strongly controls this transition depth, indicating the possible variability of the domain depths in different terrains. Our results also support the likelihood of deep-seated magmatism beneath the seismically active Cerberus Fossae, suggesting that magmatism continues to play a major role in shaping the martian crust.</p>","PeriodicalId":16101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracting Rayleigh-Wave Dispersion Curves From Microseism Noise Recorded at a Single Ocean Bottom Seismograph","authors":"Han Deng,&nbsp;Chao An,&nbsp;Chen Cai,&nbsp;Jinyu Tian","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030375","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is a widely adopted method to use the Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves to constrain the shear-wave velocity structure under the ocean. Traditional methods generally utilize ambient noise cross correlations between stations and teleseismic surface wave records to extract the dispersion curves. In this study, we develop a method that uses the microseism noise recorded at a single station to derive the Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves. The fundamental idea is that the ocean-bottom pressure and vertical acceleration of microseism noise satisfy a theoretical equation which depends on the wave frequency and phase velocity. By applying the method to the Cascadia Initiative data, Rayleigh dispersion curves between <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $3-10$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> s are derived, and they are found to be consistent with the results from the ambient noise cross-correlation method. The cross-correlation method generally extracts dispersion curves in longer periods due to large spacing between stations, thus the new method provides complementary results in short periods. The extracted dispersion curves are used to estimate the shear-wave velocity and thickness of the sediment in the Cascadia area. For stations in shallow water, the new method is not applicable, and we use the compliance noise to constrain the sediment properties, providing a complete sediment model in the Cascadia area.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing natural and anthropic dynamics in alluvial and coastal plain through multidisciplinary sources: A new protocol for the study of historical landscapes in Val di Cornia (southern Tuscany, Italy)","authors":"Giulio Poggi ,&nbsp;Vanessa Volpi ,&nbsp;Luisa Dallai","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reconstruction of historical landscapes in alluvial and coastal plains is challenging due to the intense transformations of the territory caused by fluvial and coastal dynamics, as well as anthropogenic influences such as modern agricultural practices and land reclamation activities. Therefore, multidisciplinary studies and the use of a wide range of environmental proxies have become fundamental to evaluating the entangled interconnections between human activities and natural environmental processes within the context of landscape evolution.</div><div>This study explores the long-term interplay between humans and the environment in the lower Val di Cornia, an alluvial and coastal plain in central Italy (southern Tuscany) along the Tyrrhenian coast. Drawing on recent geomorphological analysis, the archaeological record has been reinterpreted within an updated environmental framework, further enriched by newly conducted geochemical and cartographic analysis. Spanning from the 7th century BC to the 11th century AD, this research aims to reconstruct both natural characteristics and the transformative role of human agency.</div><div>New data revealed that specific locations corresponding to elevated depositional fluvial features were particularly attractive for settlement due to their reduced hydraulic hazards and the coarse-grained soils resistant to water stagnation. However, settlement patterns were shaped not only by geomorphology but also by cultural and economic factors, including proximity to resources, access to road networks, and evolving land-use strategies. While this is particularly evident for the period between the 4th century BC to the 2nd century AD, when the archaeological record is more solid, a combination of variables has also been identified for describing Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Through the integration of diverse data sources, this study overcomes the chronological limitations inherent in individual records—archaeological, historical, or cartographic—enabling a broader understanding of landscape transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"728 ","pages":"Article 109725"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition influences δ18O of chironomid larvae head capsules - Implications for climate reconstructions","authors":"Christoph Mayr ,&nbsp;Julieta Massaferro ,&nbsp;Holger Wissel ,&nbsp;Andreas Lücke","doi":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quaint.2025.109766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen isotopes of chironomid head capsules in lake sediments have become an important proxy for climate reconstructions, especially for high-latitude regions. Various chemical pretreatments have been developed to remove organic and inorganic contaminants and to clean the head capsules prior to isotope analysis, but so far there is no standardised routine method to assess the purity of the isolated chitin. We present a dataset of oxygen isotope analyses of head capsules from seven lakes in southern South America. The head capsules were assigned to three different taxonomic groups of Chironomidae (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae, Tanypodinae) and to Ceratopogonidae. Orthocladiinae exhibited on average higher isotopic fractionation relative to lake water than the other taxonomic groups, although these differences were not statistically significant. Elemental analyses demonstrate that the oxygen content and molar N/O ratio of the head capsules have a larger influence on oxygen isotopic composition than the host water isotopic composition suggesting a strong influence of incomplete deproteination on oxygen isotope values of chironomid head capsules. This is backed up by an experimental approach with differently pretreated chironomids, which exhibits a strong correlation with N/O ratio presumably due to various degrees of deproteination. According to the N/O ratio, pure chitin was obtained after removal of the minerogenic fraction with a mixture of 10 % HF and 5 % HCl (16 h, 20 °C) and subsequent treatment with 5 % NaOH (2 h) and 7 % NaClO₂ (10 h). In conclusion, we recommend using the N/O ratio for purity control and a critical assessment of different pretreatment methods to obtain pure chitin in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49644,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary International","volume":"728 ","pages":"Article 109766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury's Tidal Love Number \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 h\u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ${h}_{2}$\u0000 From Co-Registration of MLA Profiles","authors":"Haifeng Xiao,&nbsp;Alexander Stark,&nbsp;Gregor Steinbrügge,&nbsp;Arthur Briaud,&nbsp;Luisa M. Lara,&nbsp;Pedro J. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to its eccentric orbit, Mercury experiences a varying gravitational pull from the Sun along its orbit, leading to periodic surface tidal deformation. The previous measurement of Mercury's tidal <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>h</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${h}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> by Bertone et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020je006683) is based on minimizing height differences at cross-overs of the Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) profiles. However, this method can suffer from significant interpolation errors. In this study, we apply an alternative approach, which is based on the co-registration of reprocessed MLA profiles. For the reprocessing, we account for the pointing aberration and incorporate an updated spacecraft orbit model. Within the study region of 77°N to 84°N, we obtain a tidal <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>h</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${h}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> of 0.92<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>0.58 (3-<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $sigma $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). This value is compatible with current interior structure and rheology models, but significantly lower than the previous estimate of 1.55<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $pm $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>0.65 (3-<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>σ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $sigma $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). When combined with recent tidal <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>k</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${k}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> estimates, our measurement favors a small to medium-sized inner core.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fault Geometries of the 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto Peninsula Earthquake From Hypocenter-Based Hierarchical Clustering of Point-Cloud Normal Vectors","authors":"Yasunori Sawaki,&nbsp;Takahiro Shiina,&nbsp;Kodai Sagae,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Sato,&nbsp;Haruo Horikawa,&nbsp;Ayumu Miyakawa,&nbsp;Kazutoshi Imanishi,&nbsp;Takahiko Uchide","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The elucidation of intricate fault geometries provides fundamental and essential information regarding seismology and other fields of solid Earth sciences. Hypocenter alignments typically reflect complex crustal fault structures, so spatial clustering of hypocenter distributions has been used to construct planar fault geometries. However, conventional spatial clustering inherently struggles with the complexity of hypocenter distributions. In this study, we integrated point-cloud normal vectors, commonly used in object recognition to reflect the local surface geometry of an object, into a hypocenter-based hierarchical clustering to construct intricate planar fault models. We applied this method to the aftershock sequences of the Mw 7.5 Noto Peninsula earthquake in central Japan on 1 January 2024, which caused notable crustal deformation. We identified fault planes aligning with the coastline from the western to northern coast. A southeast-dipping plane was located between the two south-southeast-dipping planes along the northern coast, correlating with gravity anomalies and surface geology or reflecting the complexity of fault ruptures and dynamic stress perturbations. The east-dipping fault in the southwestern area showed a different distribution from the aftershocks of the 2007 Mw 6.7 earthquake, suggesting that the 2024 earthquake did not reactivate the 2007's fault plane. The NS-trending aftershock focal mechanisms in the southwestern area suggest that a reverse-fault slip probably occurred on the plane. Further investigations based on the intricate fault planes will contribute to a deeper understanding of the spatial characteristics of the coseismic slip of the 2024 earthquake and seismotectonics of the Noto Peninsula.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Near-Surface Specific Humidity and Air Temperature From Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Over Oceans","authors":"Weikang Qian,&nbsp;Yixin Wen,&nbsp;Shang Gao,&nbsp;Zhi Li,&nbsp;Jesse Kisembe,&nbsp;Haotong Jing","doi":"10.1029/2024EA003856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003856","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The state of the near-surface atmosphere, especially air temperature (AT) and specific humidity (SH), has profound effects on human health, ecosystem function, and global energy flows. Accurate measurements of AT and SH are essential for weather forecasting, climate modeling, data assimilation, and trend assessment. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) provides global estimates of near-surface AT and SH estimates, with continuous improvements in accuracy leading to significant reductions in error rates. However, existing studies have not systematically validated AIRS near-surface products in both temporal and spatial perspectives, especially over oceans. This study aims to address this gap by using the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set as a ground-based reference to evaluate AIRS near-surface AT and SH over the ocean from the V7 Level 2 product. Our results show an overall underestimation of near-surface AT and SH. Spatially, higher uncertainties, indicated by high root-mean-square error, near land were found. In terms of seasonality and diurnal variation, we found that the products perform better during winter and at night on a global scale, although there are regional exceptions. In terms of temporal variation, the estimation errors show remarkable stability over a 20-year period, demonstrating the ability of AIRS to capture general temporal characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of validating and understanding the retrieval uncertainties of AIRS near-surface products, paving the way for improved climatological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA003856","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whistler Wave Propagation in a Dipole Magnetic Field: Two-Dimensional gcPIC Simulations","authors":"Yangguang Ke,&nbsp;Quanming Lu,&nbsp;Xinliang Gao,&nbsp;Jiuqi Ma,&nbsp;Junyi Ren,&nbsp;Xuan Zhou","doi":"10.1029/2025JA033759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA033759","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetospheric whistler waves are of fundamental importance in the formation of radiation belts and the generation of diffuse aurorae. Their propagation has been widely studied using satellite observations and numerical simulations because of their direct impact on the interactions with electrons. Although ray-tracing models have elucidated the propagation paths, wave normal angles (WNAs), and linear growth/damping of whistler waves, their nonlinear evolution, requiring kinetic simulation models, still remains unclear. In this study, we utilize gcPIC simulations to study whistler wave propagation in a dipole magnetic field, and compare the results with ray-tracing simulations. Ray-tracing simulations show that a parallel whistler wave gradually becomes oblique and experiences increasing linear damping during its propagation from the magnetic equator to high latitudes. Particle-in-cell simulations display nearly identical propagation paths and WNAs, but the amplitude evolution shows substantial differences. At lower latitudes, whistler waves will experience extra substantial damping compared with ray-tracing results, which is due to nonlinear Landau and cyclotron resonances. This difference becomes more pronounced when the wave amplitude is larger. Surprisingly, at higher latitudes, whistler waves will experience less damping, attributable to the electron plateau/beam distributions resulting from Landau trapping. Our study demonstrates the crucial role of nonlinear resonances and reshaped electron distributions in modeling the evolution of whistler waves in the Earth's magnetosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of GNSS Local Observations Compared to Global Weather-Based Models for InSAR Tropospheric Corrections Over Tropical Volcanoes: Case Studies of Piton De La Fournaise and Merapi","authors":"F. Albino,&nbsp;S. Gremion,&nbsp;V. Pinel,&nbsp;P. Bouygues,&nbsp;A. Peltier,&nbsp;F. Beauducel,&nbsp;J.-L. Froger,&nbsp;Agus Budi Santoso","doi":"10.1029/2024JB028898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB028898","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;From repeat-pass interferometry, tropospheric signals often prevent the detection of ground deformation signals. In recent years, tropospheric corrections derived from global weather-based models have been implemented in several InSAR processing chains. In this study, we evaluate the performance of two weather-based models (ERA5 and GACOS) on two tropical volcanoes: Piton de la Fournaise and Merapi. For Piton de la Fournaise, the reduction of the tropospheric noise is efficient for &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;30% and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;60% of the data sets for GACOS and ERA5, respectively. For Merapi, the performance reaches &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;40% for GACOS and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;50% for ERA5. Although GNSS local stations provide real-time information about tropospheric delays, their potential for improving InSAR corrections on active volcanoes is under-exploited. Here, we produce local GNSS-based tropospheric corrections and compare their performance to global weather-based models. For Piton de la Fournaise, the gain of performance with &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${sim} $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;34 GNSS stations is about 25% compared to ERA5 models. GNSS-based corrections increase the signal-to-noise ratio in InSAR time series allowing the detection of ground displacements between July and December 2021. For Merapi, GNSS-based models with only 5 stations spatially distributed at different elevations are as efficient as ERA5 models. GNSS-based corrections induce a decrease in the noise level from values &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; ${ &gt;} $&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;1–0.5 cm in a period of quiescence. Here, we show that GNSS-based models are an efficient alternative to global weather-based models for instrumented volcanoes. The proposed approach paves the way toward near real-time InSAR monitoring of volcanic unrest and other processes (landslides, groundwater extrac","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB028898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperbolicity and Southern Hemisphere Persistent Synoptic Events","authors":"Andrew R. Axelsen,&nbsp;Terence J. O’Kane,&nbsp;Courtney R. Quinn,&nbsp;Andrew P. Bassom","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004834","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predicting the occurrence of coherent blocking structures in synoptic weather systems remains a challenging problem that has taxed the numerical weather prediction community for decades. The underlying factor behind this difficulty is the so-called “loss of hyperbolicity” known to be linked with the alignment of dynamical vectors characterizing the growth and decay of flow instabilities. We introduce measures that utilize the close link between hyperbolicity, the alignment of Lyapunov vectors, and their associated growth and decay rates to characterize the dynamics of persistent synoptic events in the mid-troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere. These measures reveal a general loss of hyperbolicity that typically occurs during onset and decay of a given event, and a gain of hyperbolicity during the persistent mature phase. Facilitating this analysis in a high-dimensional system first requires the extraction of the relevant observed coherent structures, and the generation of a reduced-order model for constructing the tangent space necessary for dynamical analysis. We achieve this through the combination of principal component analysis and a non-parametric, temporally regularized, vector auto-regressive clustering method. Analysis of the primary blocking sectors reveals hyperbolic dynamics that are consistent between metastable states and whose dynamics span the tangent subspace defined by the leading physical modes. We show that these diverse synoptic features are manifest via common spatially dependent attractors as determined by tangent space dynamics. Our results are not only important for dynamical approaches applicable to high-dimensional multi-scale systems, but are also relevant for the development of modern operational ensemble numerical weather prediction systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}