Archaeometry最新文献

{"title":"Foreword – Archaeometry special issue on chronological modeling","authors":"Thomas Huet,&nbsp;Eythan Levy","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is well understood that archaeologists, by definition, always strive to assess time as precisely as possible. However, the lack of efficient temporal data interoperability limits our understanding of cross-cultural historical evolution. This Special Issue of <i>Archaeometry</i> on chronological modelling features nine contributions which, while not covering all existing methods, provide a useful snapshot of current research on formalisms, methods, and standards. We hope it will help spark a ‘temporal turn’ in archaeology, much like GIS initiated a ‘spatial turn’ in the field more than 30 years ago.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data complexity and computer assisted chronology: Methods and discoveries","authors":"David A. Falk","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data complexity is one of the most formidable problems facing modern chronology. Chronologists in the past have attempted to mitigate the problem through reducing the amount of math needed by curating the data set. However, evaluating the significance of curated data can be subjective and often incorrect because choosing the most significant synchronisms is not always intuitive. For better chronologies, new methods and tools are needed that retain complexity and interdependence with cross-cultural data but eliminate the subjectivity of human data curation. The consequence of these needs would be that constructing a chronology requires not just hundreds of thousands of calculations but also an additional number of calculations to show that a chronology is potentially valid. This paper posits that one can craft better, more accurate historical chronologies using a tool such as the <i>Groundhog Chronological Laboratory</i>, which was specifically designed for that purpose. <i>Groundhog</i> is uniquely designed to help historians and chronologists design new chronologies and test them for internal consistency.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"154-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal relations in archaeology: a survey and a new typology","authors":"Eythan Levy","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article presents a new typology of temporal relations suited for archaeological use. It discusses the properties and advantages of the proposed system and compares it with three other typologies of temporal relations: Allen's relations, Holst's relation, and the CIDOC-CRM. It is argued that a more detailed typology of temporal relations in archaeology than currently available is called for, such as the one proposed in this paper. A final synoptic table is provided to help users navigate among the different typologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"178-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new conservative and robust Bayesian approach for the event date model in chronology building","authors":"Komlan Midodzi Noukpoape,&nbsp;Philippe Lanos,&nbsp;Philippe Dufresne","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dating techniques in archaeology have undergone considerable development in recent decades. Today, the major challenge for archaeologists remains the reliability and precision of the date attributed to an artefact or an archaeological event. To this end, it is essential for archaeologists to cross-reference information from different sources (absolute dating, relative dating, typo-chronology, historical texts, etc.) The development of statistical models that are as close as possible to archaeological reasoning is necessary for efficient data processing. Research published over the past thirty years has shown that statistical models based on the Bayesian statistical approach are ideally suited to the construction of chronologies. Indeed, Bayesian modeling makes it possible to combine the chronometric measurements produced in dating laboratories and the expertise of archaeologists. Moreover, Bayesian statistics are also well suited to small samples (i.e., few dating data). In this article, we are interested in the event date model proposed by Lanos and Philippe in 2017. It is a hierarchical Bayesian model that allows combining chronometric dates assumed to be contemporaneous to estimate the date of a target event of historical interest. Irreducible errors between the chronometric dates and the event of interest are modeled with individual random effects, which makes it a model robust to outliers. However, the introduction of individual random effects can lead to imprecision of the posterior density of the event date. The aim of this article is to correct this imprecision by making the event date model conservative.</p><p>In this article, we first calculate the theoretical posterior densities of the parameters of the event date model proposed by Lanos and Philippe for two cases, namely the processing of chronometric measurements and the processing of typo-chronological observations. Secondly, we propose an improvement to this model by assuming randomness in the precision parameter, which we model here by a prior inverse-gamma distribution whose parameters are defined under the constraint of conservation of the event date distribution when it contains a single chronometric date. We illustrate this improvement by applying it to synthetic examples (usual distributions and calibrated distributions), then to data from various archaeological structures that have already been published.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"84-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genealogies and oral histories as chronological networks: interfacing whakapapa (Māori genealogies) with Gregorian calendar year archaeological radiocarbon dates","authors":"Isaac H. McIvor,&nbsp;Alan Hogg,&nbsp;Tom Roa,&nbsp;Waikaremoana Waitoki,&nbsp;Gretel Boswijk,&nbsp;Warren Gumbley,&nbsp;Atholl Anderson,&nbsp;Rowan McBride","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human genealogies serve multiple functions beyond documenting one's pedigree. They operate as complex social frameworks that structure knowledge, delimit group membership, explain historical causation, are political tools, and provide chronological foundations for understanding past events and processes across diverse knowledge systems. Archaeologists, ethnologists, and historians have long related historical information from genealogies and associated histories to solar calendar years. However, unsystematic methodologies, contrasting ontologies, and ethical issues have limited these approaches. In this paper, we review previous attempts at relating human genealogies and associated histories with calendar years. We explain the chronological network approach as a new alternative, including maximum and minimum Gregorian calendar year limits for each event's date estimate. We consider this method capable of greater transparency, adjustment with new information, hypothesis testing, and internally consistent models. The efficacy of the chronological network approach is demonstrated with a case study of Māori genealogies (<i>whakapapa</i>), oral histories (<i>kōrero tuku iho</i>), and radiocarbon dates. Example genealogical date estimates are interfaced with radiocarbon dates of the initial settlement of Aotearoa New Zealand and the advent of fortifications (<i>pā</i>) in the Waikato region. We conclude by discussing the implications and significance concerning Indigenous research methodologies, priorities, and data sovereignty principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"131-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prerequisites for a computational approach to Minoan chronology","authors":"Diamantis Panagiotopoulos,&nbsp;Martina Trognitz","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper examines the development, adoption, and limitations of the relative chronology system for Minoan pottery, initially established by Sir Arthur Evans and Duncan Mackenzie during the excavation of Knossos (1900–1906). Despite its weaknesses, this system remained largely unchanged due to its convenience rather than its accuracy. The study discusses adaptations of this framework, critiques its shortcomings—particularly in obscuring temporal variability—and explores alternative approaches, including computational methods and Linked Open Data (LOD). The proposed solution involves replacing rigid periodizations with a more precise system based on synchronisms, visualized through Gantt charts, and integrating regional sequences using mathematical modeling. The goal is to enhance chronological accuracy in Minoan archaeology, especially for critical transitional periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"110-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representing time in documentation using the CIDOC CRM","authors":"Stephen D. Stead","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes the evolution and use of key concepts in the CRM family of standards to document the relationship between the objects and events documented and time. It discusses the differences between phenomenological and declarative time and between absolute and relative dating and how they are implemented in the CRM. It considers the use of periods, spacetime volumes, and the concept of a presence, and finally explores the registration of dates.</p><p>It is intended as an introduction to the richness of the ontological toolset contained in the CRM and its application to recording time.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stratigraphic biography of an archaeological site. Timing depositional events","authors":"Vasiliki Andreaki,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Barceló","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stratigraphic sequence of an archaeological site constitutes its biography, which details <i>what</i> was deposited, <i>when</i> it was deposited, and <i>how</i> the deposition occurred. However, many current methods of recording archaeological stratigraphy do not allow for a full reconstruction of a site's biography. This paper introduces a theoretical framework for analysing a site's formation and deformation processes, emphasizing the integration of different temporal, spatial, geological, and archaeological information elements. This approach offers a way to study change and dynamics by deciphering successive episodes, depositional events, their temporal and causal ordering, and, when possible, the speed and rhythm of such depositions. The integration of micromorphological data and absolute dating can increase the chronological resolution of a site's biography by formally defining the temporal boundaries of depositional events. Additionally, the use of multidimensional geometric analysis of occupational floors and sedimentary volumes enhances the understanding of the complex relationships between stratigraphic depth and temporality. These tools enable archaeologists to create multidimensional visualizations, make inferences, and enhance interpretations of archaeological sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 S1","pages":"49-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthracological analysis of wooden shaft remains from the Roman-period sacrificial lake of Nidajno, Czaszkowo 1 site, north-eastern Poland","authors":"Aleksandra Rzeszotarska-Nowakiewicz,&nbsp;Bartosz Kontny,&nbsp;Tomasz Nowakiewicz,&nbsp;Katarzyna Cywa","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Here, we report on an archaeobotanical study of charred wood remains from eight iron spearhead sockets from a sacrificial aquatic site at Nidajno/Czaszkowo 1, Mazurian Lakeland, NE Poland (c. second–fifth c. CE), in search of botanical evidence for the selection of wood for manufacture of wooden shafts used with iron spearheads. The samples were analysed using a Nicon Eclipse ME600 metallographic microscope. The results show significant botanical data for <i>Fraxinus excelsior</i> L. and <i>Tillia</i> sp.</p><p>The results of this research illustrate the material standard of the finds from a unique sacrificial site of the Scandinavian ‘sacrificial bog’ type, such as the sacrificial site at Nidajno/Czaszkowo 1—one of the most scientifically prospective in the entire zone of the North European Barbaricum. They also reveal a clear preference in the way spears and javelins were made, linked to the use of ash wood for this purpose. This choice is rational, justified by the technological and operational properties of this type of wood, but it also has connotations from the world of symbolic religious imagery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 3","pages":"786-800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on bluish-white porcelain glazes of Fanchang kiln in China","authors":"Mingfang Cui,&nbsp;Mingxue Guan,&nbsp;Jie Zhu,&nbsp;Rui Hu,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhu","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polarized light microscopy, thermal dilatometery and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) were conducted to analyse the microstructures, sintering temperature and chemical compositions of ancient porcelain glazes excavated from Fanchang kiln, China. The origin, development and decline of Fanchang bluish-white porcelain were thoroughly investigated from the perspective of the formula and firing technology from the Five dynasties (907–906 CE) to the middle Northern Song dynasty (1015–1070 CE). The contents of major elements in glazes were compared with those of Ding, Yue, Qingshan and Hutian kilns over the same period. It was indicated that the glazes of Fanchang bluish-white porcelain were prepared by mixing limestone and plant ashes into the ‘glaze stone’. After the middle Northern Song, the content of limestone and plant ashes gradually increased, which was related to the change of raw materials and the formula technology. The glaze formula of Fanchang kiln was much closer to the southern kilns. Evidence revealed that Fanchang bluish-white porcelains had reached a high firing level in the Five dynasties. At that time, the firing temperature was maintained in the range of 1100–1220°C, and their colour and texture showed at their best. In the middle Northern Song, the quality decreased as the firing temperature decreased, implying signals of a gradual decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 3","pages":"773-785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}