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{"title":"Numerical study of breaching at upper parts of homogenous earthen dams","authors":"Emre Dumlu,&nbsp;Mehmet Şükrü Güney,&nbsp;Merve Okan,&nbsp;Gürkan Özden,&nbsp;Gökmen Tayfur","doi":"10.1007/s10064-024-04009-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-024-04009-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, time-dependent finite element analyses of the breaching process in two homogenous earth-fill dams were performed using the finite element method. Breaching was initiated at the middle and corner sections of the upper part of the dam bodies. The numerical results were compared with the findings of the experiments realized on dams 60 cm high, 2 m wide at bottom, 20 cm wide at crest with 1 V:1.5H side slopes at upstream and downstream faces. This numerical study combines time-dependent hydraulic gradient distributions and groundwater flows to assess breach areas, velocities, and flow rates. A Python algorithm was integrated with the Jupyter console, allowing the simulation of the breach mechanism in multiple runs to determine breach parameters. Both numerical and experimental analyses revealed that the dams were exposed to backward erosion, starting at the downstream side of the dam and progressing inward. The compatibility between experimental and numerical results was sought by means of the parameters RMSE, MAE and the statistical performance of the numerical approach was evaluated by using RSR, NSE, and PBIAS. A fairly good agreement was obtained between the experimental and numerical results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Examining the variation of soil moisture from cosmic-ray neutron probes footprint: experimental results from a COSMOS-UK site","authors":"Owen D. Howells,&nbsp;George P. Petropoulos,&nbsp;Dimitris Triantakonstantis,&nbsp;Zacharias Ioannou,&nbsp;Prashant K. Srivastava,&nbsp;Spyridon E. Detsikas,&nbsp;George Stavroulakis","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12046-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12046-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-024-12046-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Rayleigh-type surface wave propagation in a self-reinforced layer embedded overlying a sandy semi-infinite half-space","authors":"Suparna Roychowdhury,&nbsp;Abhijit Pramanik,&nbsp;Mostaid Ahmed,&nbsp;Magfura Pervin","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12158-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12158-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work explores a complex system consisting of two separate layers: an upper layer consisting of a self-reinforced medium and a bottom layer made up of a half-space, especially a dry sandy medium. The surroundings that Rayleigh waves travel through are these two layers. Analytical solutions for the self-reinforced layer and the dry sandy half-space have been methodically derived using the variables separation method approach. After that, dispersion relation of the system has been found within a predetermined range. The computational capacity of MATHEMATICA software has allowed for the quantitative illustration of some important Rayleigh wave features. The characteristics give a thorough knowledge of wave behaviour in such layered material and include phase velocity, group velocity, and wave attenuation. The results draw special attention to the important ramifications for a range of real-world applications, especially in the areas of military infrastructure and coastal marine constructions. The design and stability of foundations subjected to wave-induced forces in marine structures depend heavily on an understanding of Rayleigh wave behaviour. The knowledge gained can be applied to military settings to improve the resilience and lifespan of structures by designing them to withstand the impact of vibrations and waves. Thorough investigation and findings of this study deepen our understanding of wave mechanics in layered media and provide important insights for engineering applications where complicated geological features and wave interactions are crucial. Emphasizing the wider significance and application of the research findings, this study not only increases theoretical knowledge but also offers helpful guidance for the design and analysis of structures in difficult situations. The study ends with conclusions and an outlook on possible future research directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative load-carrying mechanism and control technology of the gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting and goaf filling","authors":"Hongchun Xu,&nbsp;Hang Yin,&nbsp;Pei Ge","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12160-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12160-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deep mining industry commonly encounters significant challenges, including large displacements of the roof in the gob-side entry retaining, and large deformations and failures of the filling body, which seriously compromise the structural safety and reliability of mines. In this study, we focus on a specific engineering case of the 8318 working face from the Xinzhou coal mine, employing the methodology of roof cutting for pressure relief and goaf filling with gangue reinforcement. Through a comprehensive approach involving numerical analysis, theoretical derivation, and experimental validation, the key parameters of the gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting, and the cooperative load-carrying mechanism of gangue reinforcement in gob-side entry retaining by cutting roof were systematically investigated. The numerical simulations and underground mine pressure monitoring data demonstrated that the optimum roof cutting height is 10 m at an optimum roof cutting angle of 8°. The proposed cooperative load-carrying technology of gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting significantly reduced the peak vertical stresses in the centre of the roof and the filling body by 22.6% and 43.4%, respectively. Furthermore, individual pillar stress levels showed notable reductions, with the maximum working stress and average stress decreasing by 34.2% and 47.8%, respectively. The practical implementation of our study offers valuable guidance in the control of surrounding rock in deep mining, thereby contributing significantly to the advancement in the field of surrounding rock support control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of geometrical parameters on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure MOS-HEMT biosensor","authors":"Abdellah Bouguenna,&nbsp;Driss Bouguenna,&nbsp;Amine Boudghene Stambouli,&nbsp;Aasif Mohammad Bhat","doi":"10.1007/s10825-024-02247-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-024-02247-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we present the study of AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor (MOS-HEMT) biosensors for protein detection. We study the effects of technological parameters including the gate width, gate length, AlGaN layer thickness, oxide thickness layer, and oxide type including HfO₂, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂ on the output characteristics, sensitivity of the MOS-HEMT biosensors, and <i>C</i>–<i>V</i> characteristics. The model developed is compared with experimental data to verify its validity. The AlGaN/GaN bio-MOS-HEMTs show the greatest change in drain current of 208.08 mA with <i>W</i>_g = 100 µm, <i>L</i>_g= 0.3 µm, <i>d</i>_AlGaN=15 nm, and SiO₂ oxide thickness of 25 nm at protein permittivity of 2.5.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and magnetic properties in fluvial and lacustrine systems as environmental quality proxies in the Atacama Desert","authors":"Adriana Aránguiz-Acuña,&nbsp;Héctor Pizarro,&nbsp;Abraham Flores-Varas,&nbsp;Joseline Tapia,&nbsp;Josefina Herrera,&nbsp;Santiago Maza","doi":"10.1007/s12665-024-12023-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-024-12023-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rivers play a crucial role in landscape evolution and human development, especially in arid zones, where hydrological resources are scarce and in high demand. The Atacama Desert is one of the world’s oldest and driest non-polar deserts, and aquatic systems therein have been historically subjected to anthropogenic pressure mainly associated with natural resource exploitation, such as water consumption for industrial mining activities. The mining industry has experienced a systematic development since the early 20th century, making Chile one of the main worldwide copper producers. This study analyzed sediments from two Atacama Desert rivers, the Loa and Salado Rivers (Antofagasta Region, Northern Chile). Sedimentary short-cores were obtained from sampled locations at varying distances from the confluence of the rivers. The characterization of chemical components, grain size, mineralogy, and magnetic properties of the rivers’ sediments was assessed in surface and subsurface samples to determine their respective signatures in the Inka-Coya Lake near the rivers’ confluence. The magnetic mineralogy present in the sediments of both rivers is composed of detrital magnetite and maghemite interspersed with those of authigenic origin. However, the downstream Loa River concentrated more authigenic minerals than the Salado and increased the abundance of silt-sized particles. The grain size of the Loa’s channel bed suggests low stream competency and high formation of depositional habitats. The magnetic signal and mineralogical composition of sediments from the lake are dominated by detrital pyrite, magnetite, and authigenic greigite. In contrast, the river’s sediments were dominated by magnetite and maghemite of detrital origin intercalated with those of authigenic origin. The granulometry, mineralogy, and rock magnetic properties of Inka-Coya Lake sediments indicate recent detrital input alternating with authigenic mineral-rich layers, mainly reflecting shifts in hydrological regimes. The highest concentrations of copper were observed in the upper, more recent sediment layers. Future scenarios of risky climatic conditions associated with increasing global metal demands could modify the availability of potentially toxic elements and transport capability in fluvial sediments, increasing the threats to water resource conservation in the world’s most arid desert.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-024-12023-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmonic nanostructures for color vision deficiency (CVD) management","authors":"N. Roostaei,&nbsp;S. M. Hamidi","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05921-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-024-05921-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency (CVD), is a prevalent ocular disorder that hinders distinguishing different colors, a challenge experienced by a considerable portion of the global population (8−10% of males and 0.4−0.5% of females). CVD patients are frequently restricted from crucial professions such as military or police, and cannot recognize colors in public places or media like watching TV. Despite ongoing efforts, there is no definitive cure for color blindness; however, various color filter-based devices such as tinted glasses and contact lenses have been introduced to assist CVD people. Recently, plasmonic nanostructures have attracted significant attention for CVD management by replacing chemical dyes due to their outstanding properties and the adjustability of plasmonic resonances. This study reviews the different wearables utilized in CVD management, such as eyeglasses and contact lenses, with a special emphasis on the innovative plasmonic eye wearables that have emerged in recent advances. The capability to modify the plasmonic properties by manipulating their morphology provides novel perspectives for CVD management and smart ophthalmic wearables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"139 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relativistic Covariance of Scattering","authors":"Norbert Dragon","doi":"10.1007/s10773-024-05861-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-024-05861-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Avoiding the assumption that relativistic scattering be describable by interacting fields we find in the Schrödinger picture relativistic scattering closely analogue to the non-relativistic case. On the space of scattering states the invariant mass operator <span>(M')</span> of the interacting time evolution has to be unitarily equivalent to the invariant mass <span>(M= sqrt{P^2})</span> where <i>P</i>, acting on many-particle states, is the sum of the one-particle four-momenta. For an observer at rest <span>(P^0)</span> generates the free time evolution. Poincaré symmetry requires the interacting Hamiltonian <span>(H')</span> to Lorentz transform as 0-component of a four-vector and to commute with the four-velocity <span>(U= P / M )</span> but not with <i>P</i>, else there is no scattering. Even though <span>(H')</span> does not commute with <i>P</i>, the scattering matrix does. The four-velocity <i>U</i> generates translations of states as they are seen by shifted observers. Superpositions of nearly mass degenerate particles such as a <span>(K_{text {long}})</span> are seen by an inversely shifted observer as a shifted <span>(K_{text {long}})</span> with an unchanged relative phase. In contrast, the four-momentum <i>P</i> generates oscillated superpositions e.g. a shifted <span>(K_{text {short}})</span> with a changed relative phase. The probability of scattering of massive particles is shown to be approximately proportional to the spacetime overlap of their position wave functions. This is basic to macroscopic locality and justifies to represent the machinery of actual scattering experiments by the vacuum. In suitable variables the relativistic Hamiltonian of many-particle states is not the sum of a Hamiltonian for the motion of the center and a commuting Hamiltonian for the relative motion but factorizes as their product. They act on different variables of the wave functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10773-024-05861-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory appraisal of geomechanical and mineralogical factors controlling landslide potential of soil-shales matrix","authors":"Jahanzaib Israr,&nbsp;Gang Zhang,&nbsp;Mohsin Waheed Qureshi","doi":"10.1007/s10064-024-04043-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-024-04043-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reports on results from a series of geohydraulic, geomechanical, and mineralogical tests conducted on 12 different landslide samples consisting of broadly graded and potential internally unstable soils. The test samples contained almost 50% coarser or rock (cobbles-gravels) fraction and 50% finer or soil (sand-silt) fraction. The current test results characterized the landslide samples as highly erodible, while their regraded rock and soil fractions showed non-erodibility with good strength and drainage characteristics. For instance, the landslide samples suffer from a classical suffusion failure at critical hydraulic gradients below 0.38 with up to 20% erosion, while their regraded sand-silt fraction remains internally stable even at <span>({i}_{cr})</span> up to 0.80 with less than 4% erosion. Subsequently, the results of pinhole erosion testing revealed that the silt component exhibited a high dispersion index D1. Similarly, the coarser fraction showed more than 95% slake durability, while the point load testing both parallel and perpendicular to the planes of weaknesses yielded a shale rating of nearly 8 reflecting high durability against abrasion. Results of both XRD and SEM analyses revealed that the intact landslide samples contained up to 50% Quartz and 42% Calcites with traces of Halite, Bornite, Silicon, and Fluorite minerals. However, the Calcite content of the displaced samples reduced to as low as 11% with subtle variations in other minerals that would result in lower inter-particle cementation and enhanced erodibility, thus making the entire soil matrix a highly erodible material. In essence, the Calcite provides sufficient cementation to the finer fraction that enables the particles to stick together and stay intact inside the constriction network of coarser fraction to ensure stability. However, the loss of Calcite and hence the cementation would trigger the internal erosion of soil fraction to eventually develop a landslide on steeper slopes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Generalized Formulation of Dynamics and Constraints in the Phase Space-Time","authors":"Mohammad Khorrami","doi":"10.1007/s10773-024-05868-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-024-05868-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A reformulation is introduced for the dynamics on the phase space-time (the phase space extended to contain the time and its conjugate momentum), in which the dynamics is characterized by a constraint hyper-surface in the phase space-time, rather than a Hamiltonian on the phase space (or extended phase space, the phase space and the time). In the case that the constraint hyper-surface is constructed by a Hamiltonian on the extended phase space, the reformulation produces the same result of the conventional Hamiltonian dynamics, as expected. But the reformation allows for more general cases, where the constraint is a relation between the phase space-time coordinates: an implicit rather that an explicit Hamiltonian. In this reformulation, there is no fundamental difference between constraints and dynamics: additional constraints just restrict the phase space-time further, decreasing the dimension of the restricted manifold. The setup for dynamics and constraints is introduced. Different cases are discussed, regarding the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the initial value problem: no solution, a unique solution, more than one solutions. Some examples are studied in detail. A comparison (correspondence) with the conventional setup is also presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}