Springer最新文献

{"title":"Russian dilemma for global arctic science.","authors":"Gareth Rees, Ulf Büntgen","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-02038-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-02038-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polar regions are critically implicated in our understanding of global climate change. This is particularly the case for the Arctic, where positive feedback loops and climate tipping points enhance complexity and urgency. Half of the Arctic and much of the world's permafrost zone lie within Russian territory. Heightened geopolitical tensions, however, have severely damaged scientific collaboration between Russia and previously well established academic partners in western countries. Isolation is now causing increasingly large data gaps in arctic research that affect our ability to make accurate predictions of the impact of climate change on natural and societal systems at all scales from local to global. Here, we argue that options to resume both practical knowledge of collaborative working and flows of research data from Russia for global arctic science must continue to be asserted, despite an increasing tendency for the Arctic to become disconnected. Time is short, as preparations for the fifth International Polar Year begin to gather momentum. While sanctions remain in place, efforts to foster peer to peer connections and re-activate effective institutional cooperation are vital to address the grand challenges of global climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving strategic planning for nature: Panacea or pandora's box for the built and natural environment?","authors":"Alister Scott, Matthew Kirby","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-01995-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-01995-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper assesses how strategic planning for nature can be improved for England's built and natural environment using mainstreaming and landscape-scale concepts. Whilst both concepts feature in academic literature, there has been limited attention on their role as catalytic agents for strategic planning. Addressing this gap, evidence is used from two stakeholder workshops involving 62 senior policy experts managing a range of operational and hypothetical strategic spatial planning challenges. The results reveal a significantly weakened strategic planning arena characterised by policy disintegration, short termism and uncertainty. Key findings highlight the fallacy of pursuing strategic planning for nature in isolation from wider policy integration fusing environmental, economic and social components from the outset. Current barriers to progress include institutional inertia, technocratic vocabularies and neoliberalist priorities exacerbated by a weak underlying theory. Conversely opportunities for mainstreaming processes may help knowledge generation and exchange within transdisciplinary partnerships, whilst landscape scale thinking can improve understanding of issues using natures inherent geometry transforming processes and outcomes. The paper recommends the adoption of strategic planning pathways using mainstreaming and landscape-scale approaches working in tandem. Whilst focused on the English context, our findings are transferable to other planning systems in the Global North, especially those championing neoliberal market led policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11183010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term changes in herbivore community and vegetation impact of wild and domestic herbivores across Iceland.","authors":"Mathilde Defourneaux, Isabel C Barrio, Noémie Boulanger-Lapointe, James D M Speed","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-01998-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-01998-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in wild and domestic herbivore populations significantly impact extensive grazing systems, particularly in low productive environments, where increasing wild herbivore populations are perceived as a threat to farming. To assess the magnitude of these changes in Iceland, we compiled time series on herbivore populations from 1986 to 2020 and estimated changes in species densities, metabolic biomass, and consumption of plant biomass in improved lands and unimproved rangelands. We compared estimates of consumption rates to past and present net primary production. Overall, the herbivore community composition shifted from livestock to wildlife dominated. However, wild herbivores only contributed a small fraction (14%) of the total herbivore metabolic biomass and consumption (4-7%), and livestock dominated the overall herbivore biomass. These insights highlight the necessity of developing improved local integrated management for both wild and domestic herbivores where they coexist.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11182994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139943710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling urban governance diversity: Clustering cities based on mitigation actions.","authors":"Sombol Mokhles, Kathryn Davidson, Michele Acuto","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-01991-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-01991-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embracing a \"more global\" urban comparison in scientific assessments of climate actions by cities is essential to drive greater and more inclusive participation in global efforts to curb climate change. This comparison needs to engage cities irrespective of their size and status: when we do so, distinctive patterns of urban climate mitigation actions across a diverse range of cities emerge. Employing K-means clustering as a pattern recognition method, this study compares cities based on selected aspects of their reported mitigation actions to the Carbon Disclosure Project. It explores whether the identified clusters facilitate the comparison of a socio-spatially diverse range of cities. The study identifies five clusters within two themes, namely the nature and finance-implementation of actions, shedding light on shared and distinct governance aspects of mitigation actions by cities. Notably, the study underscores how governance patterns transcend city size and global status. These findings offer valuable insights for broadening the comparative imagination of cities and inter-city networking opportunities.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11183020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When concern is not enough: Overcoming the climate awareness-action gap.","authors":"Gail Hochachka","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-01999-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-01999-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate concern is on the rise in many countries and recent research finds that lifestyle- and behaviour-change could advance climate action; yet, individuals struggle to move their climate concern into action. This is known as the 'awareness-action inconsistency,' 'psychological climate paradox,' or 'values-action gap.' While this gap has been extensively studied, climate action implementation and policy-design seldom sufficiently apply that body of knowledge in practice. This Perspective presents a comprehensive heuristic to account for how individuals bring climate change into their awareness (climate action-logics), how they keep climate change out of their awareness (climate shadow), how social narratives contribute to shaping choices (climate discourses), and how systems and structures influence and constrain agency (climate-action systems). The heuristic is illustrated with an example of 15-Minute Cities in Canada. Understanding the multifaceted dilemma that weighs on people's sense-making and behaviours may help policy-makers and practitioners to ameliorate the climate awareness-action gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11183022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140846461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolactin is an Endogenous Antioxidant Factor in Astrocytes That Limits Oxidative Stress-Induced Astrocytic Cell Death via the STAT3/NRF2 Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Miriam Ulloa, Fernando Macías, Carmen Clapp, Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera, Edith Arnold","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04147-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04147-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress-induced death of neurons and astrocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. While significant progress has been made in identifying neuroprotective molecules against neuronal oxidative damage, little is known about their counterparts for astrocytes. Prolactin (PRL), a hormone known to stimulate astroglial proliferation, viability, and cytokine expression, exhibits antioxidant effects in neurons. However, its role in protecting astrocytes from oxidative stress remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of PRL against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative insult in primary cortical astrocyte cultures. Incubation of astrocytes with PRL led to increased enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), resulting in higher total antioxidant capacity. Concomitantly, PRL prevented H₂O₂-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and protein and lipid oxidation. The protective effect of PRL upon H₂O₂-induced cell death can be explained by the activation of both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (NRF2) transduction cascades. We demonstrated that PRL induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2, concurrently with the transcriptional upregulation of the NRF2-dependent genes heme oxygenase 1, Sod1, Sod2, and Gpx1. Pharmacological blockade of STAT3 suppressed PRL-induced transcriptional upregulation of Nrf2, Sod1 and Gpx1 mRNA, and SOD and GPX activities. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the PRL receptor increased astroglial susceptibility to H₂O₂-induced cell death and superoxide accumulation, while diminishing their intrinsic antioxidant capacity. Overall, these findings unveil PRL as a potent antioxidant hormone that protects astrocytes from oxidative insult, which may contribute to brain neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological barriers: An approach to ecological conservation and restoration in China.","authors":"Xiaoxue Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Xinrong Zhang, Jitao Zhou, Zixu Jia, Jiahao Ma, Wenjie Yao, You Tu, Zechong Sun, Yuhan Wei","doi":"10.1007/s13280-024-01988-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13280-024-01988-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chinese government has pursued comprehensive ecological conservation and restoration by establishing an ecological barrier system. However, the majority of international research tends to focus on the connectivity between habitats, overlooking the functions that ecological barriers play in ecological conservation and restoration. The existing literature lacks a systematic exploration of the theory and practice of ecological barriers. This study employed the literature analysis tool CiteSpace to present the theoretical and developmental trends in ecological barriers from various perspectives, including research fields, historical evolution, research hotspots, and major research nations. By analyzing the differences in the understanding of ecological barriers between China and other countries, examining the ecological barriers construction history in China, and exploring the types and functions of ecological barriers, this study summarizes the framework of China's ecological barriers construction system as \"features-functions-problems.\" Constructing an ecological barrier system can help achieve ecological conservation and restoration goals in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":461,"journal":{"name":"Ambio","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11101397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Methylglyoxal a Potential Biomarker for the Warburg Effect Induced by the Lipopolysaccharide Neuroinflammation Model?","authors":"Adriana Fernanda Kuckartz Vizuete, Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04142-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04142-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methylglyoxal (MG) is considered a classical biomarker of diabetes mellitus and its comorbidities. However, a role for this compound in exacerbated immune responses, such as septicemia, is being increasingly observed and requires clarification, particularly in the context of neuroinflammatory responses. Herein, we used two different approaches (in vivo and acute hippocampal slice models) to investigate MG as a biomarker of neuroinflammation and the neuroimmunometabolic shift to glycolysis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation models. Our data reinforce the hypothesis that LPS-induced neuroinflammation stimulates the cerebral innate immune response by increasing IL-1β, a classical pro-inflammatory cytokine, and the astrocyte reactive response, via elevating S100B secretion and GFAP levels. Acute neuroinflammation promotes an early neuroimmunometabolic shift to glycolysis by elevating glucose uptake, lactate release, PFK1, and PK activities. We observed high serum and cerebral MG levels, in association with a reduction in glyoxalase 1 detoxification activity, and a close correlation between serum and hippocampus MG levels with the systemic and neuroinflammatory responses to LPS. Findings strongly suggest a role for MG in immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Exercise-Induced Activation of NRF2 and BDNF as a Promising Strategy for Ferroptosis Regulation in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Anand Thirupathi, Luis Felipe Marqueze, Tiago F Outeiro, Zsolt Radak, Ricardo A Pinho","doi":"10.1007/s11064-024-04152-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-024-04152-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, may contribute to the progression of PD owing to an unbalanced brain redox status. Physical exercise is a complementary therapy that can modulate ferroptosis in PD by regulating the redox system through the activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. However, the precise effects of physical exercise on ferroptosis in PD remain unclear. In this review, we explored how physical exercise influences NRF2 and BDNF signaling and affects ferroptosis in PD. We further investigated relevant publications over the past two decades by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using keywords related to physical exercise, PD, ferroptosis, and neurotrophic factor antioxidant signaling. This review provides insights into current research gaps and demonstrates the necessity for future research to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which exercise regulates ferroptosis in PD, including the assessment of different exercise protocols and their long-term effects. Ultimately, exploring these aspects may lead to the development of improved exercise interventions for the better management of patients with PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconventional approaches for chiral resolution.","authors":"Filippo Malacarne, Sara Grecchi, Malinee Niamlaem, Bartlomiej Bonczak, Gerardo Salinas, Serena Arnaboldi","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05329-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05329-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chirality is a fundamental and ubiquitous property of nature involved in multiple fields of science. In particular, the possible resolution of the enantiomeric forms of a molecule is crucial in the pharmaceutical, food, and agrochemical industries. The search for efficient, broad-spectrum, and yet simple methods for obtaining enantiomerically pure substances is a current challenge. Enantioselective resolution methods rely on an asymmetric environment that allows the two antipodes of a chiral molecule to be distinguished. In addition to enantiomeric separation techniques, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, new promising approaches involving out-of-the-scheme synergistic effects between chiral selectors (CS) and external stimuli are emerging. This Trends article discusses different enantioselective mechanisms triggered by unconventional physicochemical stimuli for the design of avant-garde approaches that could offer novel perspectives in the field of chiral resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11180637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}