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{"title":"Comparison of the quantification performance of thermal desorption GC-IMS and GC-MS in VOC analysis.","authors":"Hannah Schanzmann, Selina Gaar, Svenja Keip, Ursula Telgheder, Stefanie Sielemann","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-05933-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-05933-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate and reproducible quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is essential in environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and quality control. Thermal desorption gas chromatography (TD-GC) is widely used for VOC analysis, often coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for reliable identification. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has gained attention for its high sensitivity and rapid detection. While GC-IMS and GC-MS are well established, TD-GC coupled to both IMS and MS has not been systematically investigated. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of a TD-GC-MS-IMS system, combining the strengths of both detectors. A mobile flow- and temperature-controlled sampling unit for TD tubes was developed for standardized applications, designed to introduce both gaseous and liquid samples. The long-term stability of TD-GC-IMS was assessed over 16 months with 156 measurement days using ketones. Relative standard deviations for signal intensities ranged from 3% to 13%, retention time deviations from 0.10% to 0.22%, and drift time deviations from 0.49% to 0.51%. Comparative evaluation showed IMS was approximately ten times more sensitive than MS, achieving limits of detections in the picogram/tube range. In contrast, MS exhibited a broader linear range, maintaining linearity over three orders of magnitude (up to 1000 ng/tube), while IMS retained linearity for one order of magnitude (e.g., 0.1 to 1 ng/tube for pentanal) before transitioning into a logarithmic response. To improve IMS quantification, a linearization strategy extended the calibration range from one to two orders of magnitude. These findings establish a standardized TD-GC-MS-IMS framework, improving reproducibility and comparability for clinical, environmental, and industrial VOC analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting Agriculture: The Case of European Policy Frameworks for Climate Resilience.","authors":"Vinod Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00267-025-02197-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-025-02197-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study provides an in-depth analysis of key policies, reforms, and initiatives implemented at the European Union, national, and regional levels to address climate change impacts on agriculture. This systematic study mainly focuses on the evolution of European policy frameworks to enhance climate resilience in agriculture. The European Green Deal, the Nature Restoration Law and Common Agricultural Policy are key policy frameworks aimed at achieving climate neutrality by 2050. The EU has determined the application of non-uniform national mitigation targets to achieve a sectoral reduction in agricultural non-carbon dioxide GHG emissions. EU member countries should consider effective strategies to address contamination and the management of water resources. The struggle is to increase food production with less water, through efficient farming systems and techniques guided by policy paraphernalia. This study contributes by documentation of implementation and disparities of mentioned policies in different EU countries, eventually aiding in the global efforts to address the intersection of climate change and agriculture, fostering sustainability, food security, and rural development.</p>","PeriodicalId":543,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pomelo peel-derived porous carbon-supported MoO₂@N-C nanoflowers: synergistic amplification for sensitive sensing of kaempferol.","authors":"Le Liu, Maoheng Fei, Yilin Wang, Zhifang Liu, Ying Tang, Xinyi Li, Yixi Xie, Pengcheng Zhao, Junjie Fei","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07254-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07254-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kaempferol (KA), a natural polyphenolic compound with potent anti-cancer activity and pharmacological benefits, exhibits dose-dependent toxicity upon excessive intake. In this work, the MoO₂@N-C/PC-800 composite was synthesized to overcome the application limitations of single-component transition metal oxides, effectively enhancing the reduction current signal during the electrochemical detection of KA. Notably, combined SEM/TEM/XPS analyses demonstrate that the composite's hierarchical crumpled architecture exposes abundant electroactive sites, thereby achieving superior sensing performance. The sensor constructed based on MoO₂@N-C/PC-800 exhibited a broad detection range of 0.01-30 μM for KA with an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 9.8 nM. To validate the reliability of electrochemical sensing results, UV-Vis was employed as a reference method for comparative analysis of  real samples. The sensor's KA concentration measurements were cross-validated against UV-Vis-determined values, yielding recoveries  of 95.5-106.0% and relative standard deviation (RSD) values of 1.12-2.29%, which demonstrate excellent consistency between the two methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 7","pages":"395"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solubility of 5-nitroisophthalic acid in pseudo-binary mixtures containing water and betaine-based deep eutectic solvents: effect of benzene ring substituents in the benzene carboxylic acid-based compounds on their solubility values.","authors":"Parisa Jafari, Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali, Salar Hemmati, Abolghasem Jouyban","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01533-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01533-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work aimed to report the equilibrium solubility of 5-nitroisophthalic acid (5-NIPA) in solvent mixtures of betaine/propylene glycol (Bet/PG) deep eutectic solvent (DES) (1:5 molar ratio) + water, betaine/ethylene glycol (Bet/EG) DES (1:3 molar ratio) + water, betaine/glycerol (Bet/Gly) DES (1:3 molar ratio) at 293.15 K to 313.15 K. At the same temperature and mass fraction of DESs, the mole fraction solubility of 5-NIPA was greater in Bet/PG DES + water than the other systems which explained in terms of solute-solvent interactions by comparing Hansen solubility parameters of 5-NIPA and DESs or water. The effect of benzene ring substituents in the benzene carboxylic acid-based compounds including salicylic acid, 5-aminosalyciclic acid, isophthalic acid and 5-NIPA were examined by comparing each solubility data in the same Bet-based DESs + water mixtures. The outcomes revealed that salicylic acid with one hydroxyl functional group placed in the meta position relative to the carboxylic acid functional group on the benzene ring had the highest solubility in compared with the other compounds. In addition, the solubility of 5-NIPA was mathematically modelled by commonly used cosolvency models achieving average relative deviations lower than 25.7%. Finally, an endothermic process with an enthalpy as a main contributor of the Gibbs energy in the mixtures was determined via thermodynamic analysis of 5-NIPA dissolution process according to the modified van't Hoff equation.</p>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hourglass-type M{P₄Mo₆}₂ as photo-assisted electrochemical sensors for ultrasensitive detection of trace-level Cr(VI).","authors":"Kaili Hui, Tao Liu, Mengle Yang, Aixiang Tian, Jun Ying, Xixian Cao","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07253-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07253-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of highly sensitive photo-assisted electrochemical (PAEC) sensors for trace detection of heavy metal ions (such as chromium (VI) [Cr(VI)]) is crucial. Herein, three isomorphic compounds, namely {[M(H₂O)₂]₂[M(HTetp)(H₂O)₂]₂[M(P₄Mo₆O₃₁H₆)₂]}·nH₂O (M = Ni/Co/Fe, n = 5 for Ni-P₄Mo₆, n = 1 for Co-P₄Mo₆ and Fe-P₄Mo₆, Tetp = 4-[4-(2-Thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-4H-[1,2,4]triazole-3-yl]-pyridine) are synthesized and directly used as electrode materials for PAEC sensors to detect Cr(VI). The excellent photo-electrochemical properties of the M{P₄Mo₆} based compounds originate from two key factors: (1) the synergistic combination of polyoxometalates (POMs) clusters and transition metal-organic components (TMCs), which promotes interfacial charge transfer. (2) the unique hourglass-shaped structure of the M{P₄Mo₆} clusters, providing abundant active sites for Cr(VI) adsorption and reduction. In particular, Ni-P₄Mo₆ exhibits a high sensitivity of 584.81 μA·μM^-1 and an ultra-low LOD of 2.34 nM under 40 W white light, surpassing most reported Cr(VI) sensors. The detection of Cr(VI) in real water samples highlights the potential of the sensor in environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 7","pages":"397"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic hierarchically mesoporous UIO-66(Ce/Ti) core-shell nanocomposites for efficient enrichment of phosphopeptides.","authors":"Jieling Zhang, Nan Li, Hui Lv, Xinyu Fan, Xiaoran Liu, Fuquan Dang","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07241-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-025-07241-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hierarchically mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (HMUIO-66(Ce/Ti)) was designed and fabricated firstly by using a relatively rigid hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) coupled with poly(ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide-b-ethylene oxide, P123) as a soft template. By introducing the synergistic effect of Hofmeister ions and the soft template of HPMC coupled with P123 into the water-rich micelle system, the obtained HMUIO-66(Ce/Ti) possessed irregularly mesoporous architecture with a wide pore size distribution of 8.4 ~ 26.8 nm. Furthermore, the robust lysozyme coating layer self-organized on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles readily mediated the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of MOF nanocrystals to form the magnetic hierarchically mesoporous UIO-66(Ce/Ti) core-shell nanocomposites (MHMUIO-66(Ce/Ti) CSNCs). The MHMUIO-66(Ce/Ti) CSNCs exhibited high BET surface area of 471.6 m²·g^-1 with large pore volume of 0.39 cm³·g^-1, a central pore size of 13.7 nm with a wide pore size distribution of 7.8 ~ 24.5 nm, good chemical stability, and superparamagnetic properties. Consequently, the hierarchically mesoporous architecture of MHMUIO-66(Ce/Ti) CSNCs provided the high accessibility of bimetallic Ce/Ti inside binding sites and thus the enhanced phosphopeptides enrichment performance with low detection limit (0.5 fmol) and high selectivity (mass ratio of β-casein/BSA, 1:1000). Furthermore, the successful identification of 24 phosphopeptides enriched by MHMUIO-66(Ce/Ti) CSNCs from an actual sample of skim milk suggested that this method could be a good candidate for identifying phosphopeptide biomarkers in more complex biological samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 7","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction, enrichment, and hypolipidemic potential of triterpenes from Grifola frondosa mycelia.","authors":"Chenmeng Wan, Zijian Tong, Jialing Yang, Ruxin Tao, Ziteng Zhao, Mukaddas Sai, Xinyu Meng, Ke'er Xiao, Qiaoyu Wang, Hongxia Ma, Linna Du","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01514-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01514-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triterpenes (GFTs) are the main secondary metabolites of Grifola frondosa, which is a famous porous fungus with multiple biological actions. To enhance the yield of GFTs, the parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of GFTs were first optimized. As a result, the highest amount of GFTs (25.44 mg/g) was achieved under the optimized parameters (ultrasound time, 55.4 min; ultrasonic power, 135 W; temperature, 40 ℃; ethanol concentration, 90.4%; solid-liquid ratio, 1:45 g·mL^-1). Then, different comparative analyses, including extraction kinetics and scanning electron microscopy detection, were carried out between UAE and traditional maceration extraction, and the data suggest that ultrasound treatment is beneficial for the dissolution of target products from the mycelia. Furthermore, AB-8 resins followed by silica gel column chromatography were employed to purify the GFTs, and three purified fractions (Fr1, Fr2, and Fr3) were acquired. A total of 4, 12, and 15 triterpenoids were identified in Fr1, Fr2, and Fr3, respectively, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, the three purified fractions, especially Fr2, exhibited remarkable hypolipidemic activities in vitro. In conclusion, the triterpenes with hypolipidemic potential were purified from G. frondosa, and these findings would be beneficial for promoting the utilization of these triterpenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate by a photocatalytic process in combination with aerobic biological treatment using a synthesized bio-nanocomposite (Biomass-TiO₂): characterization, optimization, mechanism, and DFT calculations.","authors":"Safae Ajebli, Ghizlan Kaichouh, Fouad Echerfaoui, Zaki Safi, Nuha Wazzan, Ismail Warad, Abdelkbir Bellaouchou, Abdelkader Zarrouk","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36585-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36585-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to integrate a biological treatment with a photocatalytic treatment for the decontamination of water polluted by a pharmaceutical product called Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate using a bio-nanocomposite synthesized from biomass that is an agricultural waste called corn cobs. The biomass-TiO₂ bio-nanocomposite (Bio-TiO₂) was synthesized using a facile method by mixing TiO₂ with corncobs, then characterized by several techniques including UV-Vis-RDS, SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XRD for the understanding of its properties. The efficiency of TDF mineralization by the 6-Bio-TiO₂ bio-nanocomposite was evaluated using the BBD (Box-Behnken design); optimum values for TDF degradation and mineralization were found at pH = 4, m_(6-Bio-TiO2) = 3 g L^-1 and C_{i (TDF)} = 0.1 mM. A degradation rate of over 97% was achieved in 90 min and almost complete degradation after 270 min, as well as a mineralization rate of 99.15% in 360 min. The degradation mechanism was also proposed. The evaluation of biodegradability was verified by the BOD₅/COD ratio whose value after 2 h of photocatalytic pre-treatment became 0.44, proving that the solution was considered biodegradable. Next, an independent 21-day biological treatment at 25 °C was implemented with a sludge quantity of 1 g L^-1. This process achieved a remarkable mineralization yield of 99.15% on day 17. Three-cycle reuse of 6-Bio-TiO₂ was carried out to confirm its high efficiency and stability after different uses, maintaining a degradation percentage of over 90%. DFT calculations proved effective in accurately predicting the degradation mechanism of the TDF molecule, using Fukui indices as a valuable tool in this process. This study highlights the promising potential of integrating these two processes as an advanced technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil health alterations via compost additions to natural and remediated heavy metal-contaminated mineland soils.","authors":"Egondu C Umeobi, Thomas F Ducey, Mark G Johnson, James A Ippolito","doi":"10.1007/s11356-025-36602-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36602-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Oronogo-Duenweg mining belt in southwest Missouri is a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund site due to Pb-contaminated soil and groundwater from historic mining and smelting. Remediation has removed Pb-contaminated overburden, uncovering nutrient-deficient C horizons containing elevated Cd and Zn concentrations, which impede natural revegetation. This study evaluated compost at rates of 180 and 360 Mg ha^-1, monitoring changes in soil properties observed at naturally revegetated sites, native prairie locations (i.e., the soil health benchmark), and areas receiving compost treatments. The Soil Management Assessment Framework (SMAF) was employed to assess physical (bulk density (Bd)), water-stable aggregates (WSA)), chemical (pH, electrical conductivity (EC)), nutrient (plant-available P and K), and biological (soil organic C (SOC)), microbial biomass C (MBC), potentially mineralizable N (PMN), and β-glucosidase activity (BG)) soil health indicators and soil health scores. Soil metal concentrations were analyzed using Mehlich-3 and 0.01 M CaCl₂ extractions, while plant metals were extracted with HNO₃ and H₂O₂. Compost-treated soils exhibited overall soil health comparable to native prairie; both had greater overall soil health than the natural revegetation site. However, 360 Mg ha^-1 rate led to excessive Mehlich-3 extractable P compared to 180 Mg ha^-1. Mehlich-3 extractions revealed that the compost added Cd and Zn to the system, yet Cd and Zn concentrations from the 0.01 M CaCl₂ extraction were negligible in the compost-treated soils. Plant heavy metal concentrations were below tolerable limits for livestock consumption. A target compost application rate of 180 Mg ha^-1, or lower is suggested for balancing phosphorus and metal concentrations while improving overall soil health.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel methodology based on Contrast-Adaptive Threshold Model for accurate optic disc detection in retinal images of premature infants.","authors":"Akhilesh Kakade, Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj, P S Metkewar, Anand Nayyar","doi":"10.1007/s13246-025-01565-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-025-01565-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying the exact location of the optic disc in retinal images is an important task while performing the retinal image analysis. Localization of the optic disc generally fails to detect its exact location due to unclear boundaries and low contrast images, especially in retinal images of infants where the process of retrieving the images should be very quick in low light conditions. The objective of this research paper is to detect the location of optic disc using a segmentation algorithm titled \"Contrast-Adaptive Threshold Model\" in infant retinal images. The novelty of this approach lies in its two-step strategy: it initially utilizes Adaptive Gamma Correction Color Preserving Framework for image enhancement, followed by the application of CATM. This approach performs the processing of red channel, in which the optic disc region is extracted from the red channel by eliminating non-optic disc pixel values. Furthermore, the method computes an adaptive threshold based on standard deviation of the Gaussian filter and enhanced red channel image ( <math><msub><mtext>I</mtext> <mrow><mi>RE</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> ), resulting in the precise localization of optic disc region. The results on ROP dataset of 1103 retina images achieved a dice score of 0.8285, accuracy of 0.9894, precision of 0.9958, recall of 0.9875, and specificity of 0.9999. The experimental evaluation of retinal image dataset of ROP infants, consisting of low-contrast, sub-optimal illumination, and false reflections, represents a significant improvement in optic disc localization, thereby contributing valuable support for the early and reliable diagnosis of ROP.</p>","PeriodicalId":48490,"journal":{"name":"Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}