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{"title":"RGB color correction and gamut limitations in smartphone-based kinetic analysis of chemical reactions.","authors":"Calum Fyfe, Shengkai Yu, Jing Zhang, Marc Reid","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-06021-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-025-06021-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The variability in hardware specifications and environmental factors poses significant challenges to the use of smartphone cameras in analytical measurement. Towards time-resolved color analysis and reaction monitoring, we systematically quantified multiple sources of measurement uncertainty in smartphone-based color measurements, finding that while sensor repeatability is high ( <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0.5</mn></mrow> </math> ), lighting conditions and viewing angles can introduce substantial bias ( <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>E</mi></mrow> </math> versus reference colors increasing by up to 64% at oblique angles). We implemented and evaluated a matrix-based image color correction methodology using a color reference chart, reducing inter-device and lighting-dependent variations by 65-70% (quantified by the color change metric, <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>E</mi></mrow> </math> ). Moving beyond static image correction to video analysis, our approach was validated through the monitoring of Blue1 dye degradation kinetics using videos recorded on two different smartphones. Time-resolved and color-corrected measurements from both devices produced consistent kinetic profiles. Importantly, we identified a fundamental limitation in RGB-based colorimetry: highly saturated colors that exceed the sRGB color gamut create artificial discontinuities in kinetic profiles, manifesting as \"shouldering\" effects not present in spectrophotometric data. Unlike previous methods that focused on controlling environmental factors through custom enclosures, our time-resolved color correction methodology systematically quantifies and corrects for multiple sources of color bias across various smartphone models, enabling standardized measurements even in variable conditions. This advancement enhances the reliability of field-ready, smartphone-based colorimetric applications and establishes a framework for calibrating video-based reaction monitoring against established spectroscopic measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the influence of temperature on the output parameters of silicon heterojunction solar cells","authors":"Sharifa B. Utamuradova,&nbsp;Evgeniy I. Terukov,&nbsp;Omonboy K. Ataboev,&nbsp;Irina E. Panaiotti,&nbsp;Artem I. Baranov,&nbsp;Oleg P. Mikhaylov","doi":"10.1007/s10825-025-02400-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10825-025-02400-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work is devoted to the investigation of the influence of temperature on the output parameters of heterojunction solar cells based on n-type crystalline silicon in the range of 173–373 K under AM0 spectrum (136.7 mW/cm²). Experimental results revealed an <i>s</i>-shaped light current–voltage characteristics near the open-circuit voltage at low temperatures, which leads to a reduction in fill factor and conversion efficiency of heterojunction solar cells. The short-circuit current density was found to increase linearly with temperature, exhibiting a positive temperature coefficient of + 0.055%/K. The temperature dependence of the open-circuit voltage displayed more complex behavior: Its value decreased slowly between 173 K and 233 K, followed by a linear decrease at a higher rate above 233 K, characterized by a negative temperature coefficient of− 0.23%/K. The theoretically derived temperature dependence of the open-circuit voltage showed good agreement with the experimental data. Both the maximum output power and conversion efficiency of the heterojunction solar cells initially increased linearly with rising temperature from 173 K, reaching peak values of 25.2 mW/cm² and 18.53% at 233 K. However, with further temperature increase up to 373 K, both parameters decreased linearly. The maximum output power of the heterojunction solar cells exhibited two different negative temperature coefficients: − 0.15%/K in the range of 173–233 K and − 0.31%/K in the range of 273–373 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computational Electronics","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Hydrate Layer in Nanobubble Stability","authors":"Yu. K. Levin","doi":"10.1134/S1061933X25600228","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061933X25600228","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article considers factors determining the stability of a nanobubble with a hydrate layer having a thickness of 1 nm and a dielectric permittivity of about 3. Two stability hypotheses are compared, namely, electrostatic and mechanical (ice-effect or “electrofreezing”). In the first case, the Laplace pressure is compensated by the electrostatic pressure at the bubble boundary; in the second case, it is compensated by the effect of the electrofreezing of its Δ-layer in a high electric field. It is shown that, in salt-free water, a lower nanobubble charge is required for the formation of an ice shell than in the case of the Coulomb stabilization mechanism. In seawater, the Coulomb mechanism is, on the contrary, more efficient, because icing is counteracted by dissolved salt ions. The sizes and charges of the nanobubble are determined for both stability mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":521,"journal":{"name":"Colloid Journal","volume":"87 4","pages":"518 - 523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of UV-Femtosecond laser ablation on metallic substrates","authors":"Benedikt Buchner,&nbsp;Steffen Mittelmann,&nbsp;Udo von Toussaint,&nbsp;Rudolf Neu","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08811-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08811-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pulsed laser ablation is a common method for the analysis of material composition in solid materials. The use of femtosecond lasers allows for high depth resolution due to the low heat transfer into the material in metallic substrates. For such investigations, a sound knowledge of the ablation characteristics of the material is necessary. In this study, we present ablation thresholds and rates in a vacuum environment for tungsten, EUROFER 97, aluminum, copper, and bismuth using a laser setup capable of producing 400 fs, 343 nm pulses with a maximum intensity of <span>(varvec{5cdot 10^{15}};text {W},text {cm}^{-2})</span>. We find ablation thresholds of 530 <span>(text {mJ},text {cm}^{-2})</span>, 200 <span>(text {mJ},text {cm}^{-2})</span>, 370 <span>(text {mJ},text {cm}^{-2})</span>, 360 <span>(text {mJ},text {cm}^{-2})</span> and 140 <span>(text {mJ},text {cm}^{-2})</span> for the materials, respectively. We also find minimum ablation rates of about 10 nm in all materials, showing the possibility of ablation experiments with a depth resolution of this order. The experiments on bismuth show an unexpected ablation behavior, since the ablation leads to strongly molten crater surfaces. An influence of the ratio of optical and thermal penetration depth on the ablation characteristics can be determined. The ablation data obtained in this study allow material characterization with high depth resolution femtosecond laser experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08811-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring electrospun polylactic acid nanofibers for sustained drug release and controlled delivery applications","authors":"Anshuman Gupta,&nbsp;Vishwanath Gholap,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04521-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04521-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for sustainable drug delivery systems has driven research into biodegradable polymers with improved performance characteristics. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biocompatible and FDA-approved polymer, holds promise in biomedical applications but is limited by slow degradation rates and insufficient antimicrobial activity. This study develops electrospun PLA nanofibers infused with Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) essential oil to improve sustained drug release, antimicrobial activity, and biodegradability. Physicochemical properties analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements revealed smooth morphology and increased hydrophobicity (88.4°). Drug release kinetics modeled using Korsmeyer-Peppas equations indicated a diffusion-controlled mechanism with R² value of 0.8022, enabling sustained release over 30 days. The nanofibers exhibited antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zones of 1.2 cm and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger with zones up to 1.0 cm. Degradation studies revealed accelerated biodegradation, with 81.4% weight loss in 30 days under simulated environmental conditions. These results showcase the multifunctional performance of Tulsi-infused PLA nanofibers, offering sustained drug release, antimicrobial activity, and eco-friendly degradation. This study highlights their potential for biomedical applications, such as wound dressings and antimicrobial coatings, while paving the way for advanced polymer systems and dual-drug delivery strategies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>The graphical abstract depicts the synthesis of electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers functionalized with Tulsi essential oil. Starting from PLA pellets, the electrospinning process yields nanofibers with enhanced antimicrobial activity and sustained drug release properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirms the successful encapsulation of Germacrene D. These nanofibers demonstrate potential applications in wound dressings, antimicrobial coatings, and environmentally sustainable biomedical systems.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an atrazine immunoassay based on highly catalytically active Au@PtNPs and specific nanobody","authors":"Jia Kang,&nbsp;Meng Qi,&nbsp;Yasen Wang,&nbsp;Linchun Li,&nbsp;Xinda Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaoshuo An,&nbsp;Bruce D. Hammock,&nbsp;Jinlin Zhang,&nbsp;Jingqian Huo","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07447-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07447-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanobodies specifically recognizing atrazine were successfully obtained through immunization of alpacas and phage display libraries, and an indirect competitive immunoassay (ic-ELISA) based on nanobodies was constructed with an IC₅₀ of 0.062 μg/mL and a minimum detection limit of 0.01 μg/mL. An Au@PtNPs with excellent colorimetric performance, high catalytic activity, and high stability was synthesized. The combination of Au@PtNPs and nanobodies led to the development of a direct competitive immunoassay (dc-ELISA) with higher specificity, convenience, lower cost and an IC₅₀ value of 0.032 μg/mL which was lower than the ic-ELISA. Based on the Au@PtNPs and nanobodies, a novel LFIA model for qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of atrazine was constructed with a visual detection limit of 5 ng/mL. The present study is of great significance for the construction of atrazine immunoassay combining nanobodies and nanoenzymes, which provides a sensitive, specific, simple and reliable method for the detection of atrazine in the environment.\u0000</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Impact of loop quantum gravity on gravitational lensing, thermal fluctuations, tidal force and geodesic deviation around a black hole","authors":"Farzan Mushtaq,&nbsp;Xia Tiecheng,&nbsp;Faisal Javed,&nbsp;Allah Ditta,&nbsp;Bander Almutairi,&nbsp;G. Mustafa,&nbsp;Abdullo Hakimov","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14573-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14573-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14573-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Potential of some lactic acid bacteria inoculants in the bioremediation of cyanogenic glycosides in sorghum straw silage","authors":"Yuxin Sun,&nbsp;Tingyu Liu,&nbsp;Kai Shi","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00838-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00838-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00838-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Genetic Characteristics of Cosavirus and Salivirus in the Wastewater, China","authors":"Nan Zhou,&nbsp;Yue Huang,&nbsp;Tong Shen,&nbsp;Tingting Xiao,&nbsp;Hanyue Pang,&nbsp;Xinyu Shen","doi":"10.1007/s12560-025-09659-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12560-025-09659-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cosavirus (CoSV) and Salivirus (SalV) are two novel picornaviruses that are associated with human diseases. However, epidemiological data on these viruses in China remain limited. In this study, we conducted the first simultaneous investigation of CoSV and SalV in a city of eastern China by wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) method. From 2021 to 2023, a total of 21 influent wastewater samples were collected. After virus concentration and molecular detection, 71.43% (15/21) and 80.95% (17/21) of samples tested positive for CoSV and SalV, respectively. The sequences of CoSV were determined to be CoSV-A and CoSV-D, and SalV were all genotyped to be SalV-A1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that UTR region of CoSV-D and 3D region of CoSV-A can be divided into several clusters. UTR region of CoSV-A, UTR and 3D region of SalV-A1 were not clustered. Furthermore, the sequences in this study were closely related to some strains from human samples in China and wastewater samples in other countries. These findings reveal that CoSV and SalV circulated at a high prevalence in the local population and demonstrate that WBE is an effective method for novel picornaviruses research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":563,"journal":{"name":"Food and Environmental Virology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver methanesulfonate-based electroless Ag plating to prepare Cu@Ag powder for conductive adhesive","authors":"Yushuang Tian,&nbsp;Ce Liang,&nbsp;Yan Huang,&nbsp;Liangkui Sun,&nbsp;Wencheng Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-15530-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-15530-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to develop an electroless silver plating bath based on silver methanesulfonate to achieve a uniform silver coating on the surface of copper powders that have been pretreated using a hydrothermal method. This electroless Ag plating bath stands out due to its nitrate- and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-free formulation, with methanesulfonate ions acting as a complexing agent to stabilize silver ions. A dense, highly conductive silver layer was successfully coated on the surface of the Cu powder after the electroless process. A conductive adhesive was prepared using silver-plated Cu powder as a conductive filler. The morphology, crystal structure and composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the silver layer was continuous and uniform, with a surface silver content of 29.80 wt%. The four-probe resistance meter test results showed that the conductivity of the silver-plated Cu powder had increased substantially. The volume resistivity was measured at 6.17 × 10⁻⁵ Ω cm, increasing to 7.15 × 10⁻⁵ Ω cm following the aging test. The shear strength was measured to be 11.86 MPa using a push–pull force test. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) analyses revealed minimal weight gain (0.211%) of the silver-plated Cu powder at 325 °C. These results substantiate the efficacy of the silver layer in impeding the oxidation of the Cu powder. This study proposes a cost-effective method of producing high-performance silver-plated Cu powder, with potential applications in electronic packaging and conductive pastes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}