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{"title":"Growth process-driven modulation of electrical characteristics in MBE-grown few-layer MoTe2","authors":"Kamlesh Bhatt,&nbsp;Santanu Kandar,&nbsp;Ashok Kapoor,&nbsp;Rajendra Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14546-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14546-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>2D TMDC materials are potential materials for future energy-efficient electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their clean, dangling-bond-free interface and interesting material properties. Controlling carrier statistics and the electrical properties is a crucial aspect for their wide application in ultrathin semiconductor-based devices; however, such tuning mostly requires extrinsic doping and bias operations. Here, we present our study on controlling the electrical properties of few-layer MoTe₂ films grown over a large area on sapphire using molecular beam epitaxy. The MBE growth parameters, such as growth temperature and chalcogen-to-metal flux ratio, have been optimized to control the stoichiometry of few-layer MoTe₂ films precisely. These stoichiometric changes, in turn, influence the electrical properties of the grown films. Raman spectroscopy and AFM were utilized to confirm the phase purity and uniformity of these films. The detailed XPS investigations show the effect of chalcogen deficiency (i.e., the presence of Te vacancies) and excess tellurium atoms on the semiconducting nature of the grown films. The significant shift in the fermi level towards the valence band confirms that the film becomes more p-type due to the presence of extra Te atoms in the lattice. Similarly, the presence of Te vacancies is found to shift the fermi level in the other direction. Our work provides a convenient approach for controlling MoTe₂'s electrical characteristics uniformly without introducing any foreign impurity. This effective control over the electrical nature of the grown films by modulating the growth parameters can be advantageous for utilizing the ambipolar nature (i.e., both n and p type nature) of 2D MoTe₂ for applications requiring transitions between electron and hole conduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining environmental matrix effects on quantitative non-targeted analysis estimates of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.","authors":"Shirley Pu, James P McCord, Rebecca A Dickman, Nickolas A Sayresmith, Helen Sepman, Anneli Kruve, Diana S Aga, Jon R Sobus","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-05796-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-025-05796-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-targeted analysis (NTA) is commonly used for the detection and identification of emerging pollutants, including many per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). While NTA outputs are often non-quantitative, concentration estimation is now possible using quantitative non-targeted analysis (qNTA) approaches. To date, few studies have examined matrix effects on qNTA performance, and little is therefore known about the implications of matrix effects on qNTA results and interpretations. Using a set of 19 PFAS, we examined the impacts of drinking water (DW) and waste-activated sludge matrices on qNTA performance across three qNTA approaches: one structure-independent approach based on \"global\" surrogates and two structure-dependent approaches based on \"expert-selected\" surrogates and predicted ionization efficiency (IE) regression. The performance of each qNTA approach was examined separately for the PFAS prepared in pure solvent, DW extract, and sludge extract using leave-one-out modeling. Performance was evaluated using previously defined qNTA metrics that describe predictive accuracy, uncertainty, and reliability. The studied sample matrices had minimal effects on qNTA accuracy and larger effects on qNTA uncertainty and reliability. Using solvent-based surrogate data to inform matrix-based estimations yielded lower uncertainty, but also lower reliability, emphasizing that uncertainty must be considered in context of reliability. No single qNTA approach uniformly performed best across all comparisons. Since the IE regression and global surrogates approaches proved most reliable, we recommended them for future qNTA applications. This study highlights the importance of examining multiple performance metrics and utilizing matrix-matched surrogate data in qNTA studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2097-2110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method for semi-quantitative detection of HPV16 and HPV18 mRNA with a low-cost, open-source fluorimeter.","authors":"Kathryn A Kundrod, Mary E Natoli, Chelsey A Smith, Jackson B Coole, Megan M Chang, Emilie Newsham Novak, Elizabeth Chiao, Elizabeth A Stier, Jane R Montealegre, Michael E Scheurer, Philip E Castle, Kathleen M Schmeler, Rebecca R Richards-Kortum","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-05765-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-025-05765-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite global calls to eliminate cervical cancer, rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality remain high in resource-limited settings, where it is challenging to implement and sustain screening, diagnosis, and treatment programs. The presence of high-risk HPV mRNA in cervical cells is a sensitive and specific biomarker of cervical precancer. Yet, current testing methods are too costly and complex for use in resource-limited settings. Here, we present a novel method for semi-quantitative detection of HPV16 and HPV18 mRNA with minimal infrastructure requirements. The assay relies on isothermal reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) with real-time fluorescence readout, demonstrated on rugged, portable, and affordable instruments. We demonstrate adapting the assay from DNA detection to RNA detection, characterizing the test with samples of increasing biological complexity, and ultimately establishing a limit of detection of 1000 HPV16 or HPV18 transcripts per reaction with RNA extracted from cell lines. HPV16 and HPV18 mRNA assays were used to test total RNA from 11 patient samples; results for 10 samples (91%) agreed with the gold standard of RT-qPCR. To reduce cost, the assay was demonstrated with multiplexed detection of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA, validated with a reaction volume that was reduced from 50 to 5 µL with DNA and RNA, and performed using a low-cost, portable reader with DNA and RNA. With incorporation of point-of-care-friendly sample preparation and detection of additional genotypes, this test has the potential to expand global access to HPV testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1765-1778"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of glycoproteomic software using a tailored glycan database.","authors":"Reuben A Hogan, Lauren E Pepi, Nicholas M Riley, Robert J Chalkley","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-05780-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-025-05780-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycoproteomics is a rapidly developing field, and data analysis has been stimulated by several technological innovations. As a result, there are many software tools from which to choose; and each comes with unique features that can be difficult to compare. This work presents a head-to-head comparison of five modern analytical software: Byonic, Protein Prospector, MSFraggerGlyco, pGlyco3, and GlycoDecipher. To enable a meaningful comparison, parameter variables were minimized. One potential confounding variable is the glycan database that informs glycoproteomic searches. We performed glycomic profiling of the samples and used the output to construct matched glycan databases for each software. Up to 17,000 glycopeptide spectra were identified across three replicates of wild-type SH-SY5Y cells. There was overlap among all software for glycoproteins identified, locations of glycosites, and glycans; but there was no clear winner. Incorporation of several comparative criteria was critically important for learning the most information in this study and should be used more broadly when assessing software. A single criterion, such as number of glycopeptide spectra found, is not sufficient. We present evidence that suggests Byonic reports many spurious results at the glycoprotein and glycosite level. Overall, our results indicate that glycoproteomic searches should involve more than one software, excluding the current version of Byonic, to generate confidence by consensus. It may be useful to consider software with peptide-first approaches and with glycan-first approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1985-2001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating between normal and inflammatory blood serum samples using spectrochemical analytical techniques and chemometrics.","authors":"Rania M Abdelazeem, Zienab Abdel-Salam, Mohamed Abdel-Harith","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-05802-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-025-05802-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammation detection in blood serum samples is commonly performed using clinical analyzers, which are expensive and complex and require specific labels or markers. Spectrochemical analytical techniques, such as laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), have emerged as alternative methods for qualitative and non-destructive analysis in various fields. This study explores applying LIBS and LIF techniques for label-free discrimination between normal and inflammatory blood serum samples. In the LIBS analysis, the serum samples are deposited on ashless filter paper and exposed to a high-power Nd:YAG laser source to induce plasma emission. The emitted light is dispersed in a spectrometer and an ICCD camera that captures the spectral lines. The LIF technique utilizes a diode-pumped solid-state laser source to excite the blood serum sample placed in a quartz cuvette. The resulting emission spectra are collected and analyzed using a spectrometer equipped with a CCD detector. The obtained spectroscopic data from both techniques is subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and graph theory for classification and clustering. The PCA classified the two classes with a data variance of 85.4% and 92.8% based on the first two principal components (PCs) for LIBS and LIF spectra. The graph theory clustered the two classes with an accuracy of 76% and 100% based on LIBS and LIF spectra. The statistical methods effectively discriminate between normal and inflammatory serum samples, providing satisfactory results. The proposed spectrochemical methods offer several advantages over traditional clinical analyzers. They are cost-effective and rapid, making them suitable for the fast and reliable identification of serum samples in laboratories. The non-destructive nature of these techniques eliminates the need for specific labels or markers, further streamlining the analysis process.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2133-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline persulfate oxidation as an intermediate step for the development of a wet chemical oxidation interface for compound-specific δ¹⁵N analysis by LC-IRMS.","authors":"Daniel Köster, Tobias Hesse, Felix Niemann, Maik A Jochmann, Torsten C Schmidt","doi":"10.1007/s00216-025-05795-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-025-05795-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the measurement of compound-specific isotope ratios by liquid chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC-IRMS), complete mineralization of organic compounds to a single species of measurement gas is required so that isotopic fractionation can be minimized and corrected by identical treatment with standards. The established use of peroxydisulfate in an acidic environment has its limitations, especially when it comes to the complete oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds with aromatic ring systems. Under acidic oxidation conditions, ammonium and nitrate were identified as the main nitrogen containing mineralization products of the oxidation of different model compounds. In contrast to the oxidation in an acidic environment, alkaline peroxydisulfate oxidation leads to nitrate as a final mineralization product. The concept of alkaline oxidation was transferred from large-scale batch experiments to a commercially available oxidation reactor used in LC-IRMS systems. The obtained nitrate recoveries indicate that alkaline oxidation could be a promising step towards the measurement of compound-specific nitrogen isotope ratios by LC-IMRS. In our work, we show that alkaline peroxydisulfate oxidation allows faster and more complete mineralization of nitrogen-containing compounds. For several model compounds, 63 to 100% of the initially present nitrogen was converted to nitrate within a reaction time of 43 s.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"2085-2096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of fault planes and seismic hazard distribution maps using GIS-based 3D modeling algorithms for a seismic risk mitigation study in Egypt","authors":"Ibrahim Djamaluddin,&nbsp;Poppy Indrayani,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Meneisy","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12252-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12252-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although Egypt is generally considered an area of low to medium seismicity, it has experienced recurring destructive earthquakes throughout its history. The distribution of damage is significantly influenced by fault geometry and local site effects. Consequently, assessing seismic hazards has become a major challenge in effectively mitigating seismic risk. This study aims to develop a geographic information system (GIS)-based three-dimensional (3D) modeling framework to enhance seismic hazard assessments in Egypt, a region of low to medium seismicity that has historically faced destructive earthquakes. The research focuses on integrating fault-specific parameters, geological data, and local site effects into deterministic seismic hazard models. Using 3D fault modeling algorithms, fault plane geometries are generated based on fault traces, geological features, and topography. To account for local site effects, a 3D grid-mesh system models ground motion velocity amplification, incorporating average shear-wave velocity and a soil susceptibility map. The developed methodology is then applied to simulate seismic hazard maps for the October 12, 1992, Dahshour earthquake; the October 11, 1999, Beni Suef earthquake; and a scenario analysis for a maximum expected magnitude 6.5 Dahshour earthquake. Validation of the 1992 Dahshour earthquake simulation against observed isoseismal maps and damage evidence demonstrates the model’s reliability in reproducing high-intensity zones (MMI = VII–VIII). The scenario-based analysis highlights high-risk areas vulnerable to liquefaction and significant ground motion amplification, underscoring the critical need for updated building codes and disaster mitigation strategies. Despite data limitations, the GIS-based 3D modeling framework serves as a robust tool for detailed seismic hazard assessments, helping local governments and planners identify high-risk zones, prioritize mitigation efforts, and enhance disaster preparedness in Egypt and similar regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Role of LRP1 in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Focus on Aβ Clearance and the Liver-Brain Axis","authors":"Wanyue Yang,&nbsp;Zilin Wei,&nbsp;Tianhui Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12031-025-02339-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12031-025-02339-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, significantly contributing to the global health burden. The progressive accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles triggers neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage, highlighting the critical need for effective clearance mechanisms. Recent research has identified low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a key factor in the regulation of Aβ clearance, neuroinflammation, and blood–brain barrier integrity, particularly in relation to the liver-brain axis. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the role of LRP1 in AD, focusing on its expression in the brain and liver, its contribution to Aβ metabolism, and its potential as a therapeutic target. Using a systematic literature review, LRP1’s multifaceted roles across various biological processes were explored, including its involvement in Aβ transport, clearance via the liver, and modulation of neuroinflammation. Additionally, the impact of physical exercise, pharmacological interventions, and dietary factors on LRP1 expression levels was investigated, elucidating how these approaches may enhance Aβ clearance. The findings demonstrate that LRP1 expression decreases progressively as AD advances, and that augmenting LRP1 activity—particularly through exercise and drug therapies—can improve Aβ clearance and reduce neuroinflammatory responses. Furthermore, LRP1’s involvement in the liver-brain axis reveals its broader systemic role in AD pathology. In conclusion, targeting LRP1 offers a promising avenue for AD prevention and treatment, providing new insights into the therapeutic potential of enhancing Aβ clearance pathways through the liver-brain axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outstanding Formaldehyde Abatement Performance and Preferable Resistance to SO2 and H2O over CrOx-CeOx Facilitated Hierarchical Porous Biochars Catalysts","authors":"Huiyu Xiong,&nbsp;Xiaoxin Feng,&nbsp;Lei Gao,&nbsp;Liping Xiang,&nbsp;Dong Xie,&nbsp;Caiting Li,&nbsp;Weizhi Peng,&nbsp;Zhixiu Huang,&nbsp;Xuan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07922-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07922-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A suite of CrCe oxides facilitated hierarchical porous biochars from walnut husks and rice straws (XCr_yCe_1-y/WSAC) were readily synthesized for formaldehyde (HCHO) abatement. BET, XRD, XPS, SEM, H₂-TPR, TG-DTG, and in situ DRIFTS were adopted to disclose their physicochemical properties and the elimination mechanism of HCHO. 18%Cr_0.5Ce_0.5/WSAC exhibited splendid HCHO abatement efficiency (99.2%) at 280 °C. The effects of O₂, SO₂, H₂O for HCHO abatement over 18%Cr_0.5Ce_0.5/WSAC were trialed, and the strangulation influences of SO₂ counteracted the furtherance effect of O₂ to some extent, which was relieved by the facilitation of H₂O. CrO_x-CeO_x co-facilitated WSAC presented better performance than Cr or Ce oxide separately facilitated WSACs, which was associated with the redox cycle of Cr⁶⁺ + Ce³⁺<b> ↔ </b>Cr³⁺ + Ce⁴⁺, resulting in higher redox capability, better dispersion of active ingredient, more oxygen vacancies and superior active oxygen mobility. Furthermore, the hierarchical porous support accelerated the diffusion and mass transfer of reactants and intermediates. Noteworthily, the effects of CrO_x-CeO_x and the hierarchical porous structure of the support on the tolerance to SO₂ and H₂O were deeply and systematically investigated. Ultimately, 18%Cr_0.5Ce_0.5/WSAC emerged desirable prospects in practical applications thanks to splendid catalytic performance and satisfactory resistance to SO₂ and H₂O.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Organometallic and Ionic Tin Compounds in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos.","authors":"Jalal Hassan, Aref Barkhordari, Mohammad Kazem Koohi, Ali Pourshaban-Shahrestani, Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo, Mohammad Amrollahi Sharifabadi","doi":"10.1007/s00128-025-04031-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-025-04031-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tin, a heavy metal, in trace amounts is believed to play various roles in the biological development of fish, including involvement in cell structure, enzyme activities, and the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. Two endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Tributyltin (TBT) and Triphenyltin (TPT), are prevalent in aquatic environments. This study examines the bioaccumulation of these compounds and their impact on oxidative stress enzymes. Zebrafish embryos were used to assess the acute toxicity of TBT, TPT, and SnCl₂. Toxicity tests were conducted on fertilized eggs using different concentrations of TBT, TPT, and SnCl₂ (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ng/L). The LC_{50, 96 h} values for TBT, TPT, and SnCl₂ in zebrafish embryos were 4.2, 8.7, and 12.56 ng/L, respectively. The study found an increase in the catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) for TBT, TPT, and SnCl₂. Moreover, TBT showed higher bioaccumulation than other compounds. The mortality rate was higher in embryos exposed to TBT, suggesting that embryos are more susceptible to TBT and can induce oxidative stress and disrupt the antioxidant equilibrium..</p>","PeriodicalId":501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"114 4","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}