综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"Mussels possess distinct vanadium and iron storage systems for fabricating metal-reinforced adhesive fibers.","authors":"Samantha Jee, Nathalie R H Singh, Guido M Merino, Margaryta Babych, Ryan Tappero, Matthew J Harrington","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2605203123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605203123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mussels fashion a protein-based fibrous adhesive holdfast known as a byssus to tether themselves in marine habitats against crashing waves. The capacity of mussels to anchor securely is dependent on load-bearing protein-metal cross-links mediated by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) residues coordinated to metal ions, which significantly enhance byssus mechanical properties (e.g., adhesive strength, abrasion resistance, toughness, self-healing capacity). However, the natural metal incorporation process during byssus formation remains poorly understood-a knowledge gap that limits the decades-old field of mussel-inspired materials from fulfilling its potential. Here, we investigate the natural byssus biofabrication system, the mussel foot, focusing specifically on iron and vanadium storage using a multilength scale ensemble of spectroscopic methods. Confocal Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron µ-X-ray fluorescence and µ-X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies indicate that these two metals occupy separate coordination environments: vanadium storage is DOPA-based, while iron is stored in ferritin-like structures. Lacking precedence, these findings indicate that mussels evolved a catechol-based metal storage system to specifically acquire and store what is typically considered a trace metal ion in biology, which they employ subsequently to mechanically reinforce protein-based glues and coatings produced by the mussel. Beyond the biological implications, these findings have potential to transform the field of mussel-inspired materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 47","pages":"e2605203123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intuitive knowledge of object acoustics enables perceptual separation of physical variables from impact sounds.","authors":"Vinayak Agarwal, James Traer, Jeremy Schwartz, Josh H McDermott","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2605876123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605876123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Upon hearing objects collide, humans can estimate physical attributes such as material and mass. Although the physics of sound generation is well established, the inverse problem that listeners solve-of inferring physical parameters from sound-remains poorly understood. Classical accounts posit the use of acoustic cues that correlate with physical variables but do not explain how humans might distinguish multiple concurrent physical causes. To study this problem, we measured impulse responses from hundreds of everyday objects, extracted their resonances, and used statistics of the resonances to build a probabilistic generative model of impact sounds. We then used the model to synthesize and manipulate stimuli for experiments measuring judgments of physical variables. Humans accurately judged object properties from collision sounds. However, when both of the colliding objects varied, performance was impaired if the distribution of object resonances deviated from those measured in real-world objects. The results suggest that humans have internalized the statistical regularities of real-world object acoustics, and use this knowledge to separate the acoustic contributions of the distinct objects in the world that give rise to sounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 47","pages":"e2605876123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence and gaps in the proposed ALDH9A1-carnitine-acetyl-CoA-IL-1β axis.","authors":"Tao Yu, Wanjun Yu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2630263123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2630263123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2630263123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149300146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid soil degradation of a cross-linked, semicrystalline polyethylene-like polyester produced by <i>Colletes</i> bees.","authors":"Jonathan P Coote, Laura Russo, Anna L Cross, Felicia Fianu, Erika Dalliance, Karl McKim, Christopher J Ellison, Frank S Bates","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2607098123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607098123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyethylene (PE)-like polyesters have long been investigated as biodegradable alternatives to conventional polyolefins but degrade poorly despite possessing hydrolyzable esters due to high crystallinity and hydrophobicity. Bees of the genus <i>Colletes</i> line their nests with a PE-like polyester that shows no environmental accumulation despite decades of nesting in dense aggregations, suggesting rapid biodegradability. This work provides a comprehensive characterization of <i>Colletes inaequalis</i> polyester and demonstrates its rapid degradation under ambient environmental conditions. <i>Colletes</i> polyester is completely insoluble in trichlorobenzene or toluene at elevated temperatures, indicating cross-linking despite originating from macrocyclic lactones that lack obvious cross-linkable functionality. Small molecules extracted from the network match the Dufour's gland secretion but lack macrolactone, indicating complete monomer conversion. Although its repeat unit resembles amorphous, network-like plant cutin, <i>Colletes</i> polyester is highly crystalline (<i>X</i>_c = 60%), with PE-like orthorhombic packing and <i>T</i>_m = 75 °C, indicating a much lower cross-link density. Composition analysis of nest linings collected 0 to 11 mo after construction reveals significant degradation, with polyester content falling from 73 to 40 wt% within 4 mo in ambient soil. Esterase activity against the model substrate p-nitrophenylbutyrate is observed in both newly constructed and 4-mo aged linings, which may accelerate environmental degradation. Crystallites also lack higher-order spherulitic or lamellar structure, possibly due to cross-linking, which may promote degradation by leaving more esters exposed to cleavage. This PE-like polyester is shown to degrade rapidly in the environment, offering a template for next-generation biodegradable PE-like polymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2607098123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149324275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient genomes from Mendoza, Argentina, trace the dynamics of colonial urban formation in the Southern Cone of the Americas.","authors":"Mariana Escobar-Rodríguez, Sebastián Giannotti, Pierre Luisi, Gaétan Tréssières, Ludovic Orlando, Daniela Mansegosa, Horacio Chiavazza, Nicolás Rascovan","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2609419123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2609419123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>European colonization introduced abrupt changes into the Americas. These included the introduction of infectious diseases, forced labor and displacement of Indigenous and African individuals, European settlement, and the imposition of caste regimes. However, the role of these forces in reshaping communities across different regions remains debated. This is especially true in the Virreinato del Río de la Plata (the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil), which is less studied than other regions such as the United States, the Caribbean, and Mexico. We investigated how these forces shaped the colonial societies of Mendoza in the Cuyo region (Central-Western Argentina) by sequencing ancient DNA of 28 individuals (17th to 19th centuries) excavated from churches associated with different social strata, recovering 22 mitochondrial genomes, and genome-wide data of 15 individuals. By performing paleogenomic analyses contextualized by burial site, we detected admixture among Indigenous, European, and African populations, with ancestry partially structured by church and burial location. Exceptions to this pattern indicate social mobility and flexible social classifications beyond genetic ancestry. The European-related ancestry aligns with Southern European migration, while African-related ancestry shows affinities to Western-Central Africa. The Indigenous-related ancestry shows highest affinity to precontact populations from Cuyo, supporting local genetic continuity across the colonial period. Additionally, uniparental markers reflect sex-biased dispersal and admixture. These findings reveal often-neglected African contributions to the city's formation and illustrate how caste, labor, and migration shaped colonial urban societies. Our work provides a scalable model for interrogating caste regimes, social mobility, and admixture in understudied regions of the Americas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2609419123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149324273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heme signatures in mineralized red blood cells within vascular canals of a 115-million-year-old dinosaur bone.","authors":"Kliti Grice, Yuta Isaji, Jasmina Wiemann, Paul F Greenwood, Madison Tripp, Maria A Diaz Mateus, Stephen F Poropat, Xiao Sun, Calum P Fox, Luke M Brosnan, Renan A M Bantim, Lorenz Schwark, Pieter T Visscher, Nanako O Ogawa, Julien Demore, Antônio A F Saraiva, William D A Rickard, Naohiko Ohkouchi, Juliana M Sayão, Alex I Holman, Peter Hopper, Robert H C Madden, Aaron Dodd, Victor O Leshyk, Hossein Rahimpour-Bonab, Arthur O Vicentini, Sebastian Stanley, Lisa Smith, Bree Morgan, Alexander W A Kellner","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2614248123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2614248123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection of endogenous biomolecules in vertebrate fossils remains controversial because labile compounds degrade quickly and are highly susceptible to contamination. Here, we present data on the preservation of heme-derived tetrapyrroles, and vascular canal-constrained ellipsoidal microstructures, inferred to be red blood cells, in limb bones of <i>Aratasaurus museunacionali</i>, a 115-million-year-old theropod dinosaur. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified parent and diagenetically altered heme B as the principal tetrapyrroles of bone extract, contrasting the chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll porphyrin signatures of the surrounding matrix supporting an endogenous origin. Separate spatially resolved analyses by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the ellipsoid microstructure localization of i) porphyrin signals of heme and ii) key elements of heme (Fe, N, and C) and mineral stabilizing hausmannite (Mn₃O₄), respectively. These results demonstrate blood-derived biomolecules in mineralized red blood cells of a dinosaur.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2614248123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149324274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction for Pande et al., A lipid cue drives the subcellular localization of a self-inserting bacterial transmembrane protein.","authors":"","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2637119123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2637119123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2637119123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D-termining factors influencing phenotypic evolution in prehistoric Europe.","authors":"Chika Edward Uzoigwe","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2628058123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2628058123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2628058123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149300130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Yu and Yu: Clarifying the role of carnitine metabolism in the ALDH9A1-associated immunotherapy resistance program.","authors":"Hailei Du, Tong Lang, Xiaoxue Zha, Chao Qu, Ling Chen, Shihua Yao, Xing Feng, Zhaohui Jin","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2632549123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2632549123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2632549123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149300133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simply aging.","authors":"Vadim N Gladyshev","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2605454123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605454123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological aging is complex and resists any single mechanistic narrative. This article develops a conceptual framework for aging biology through a series of brief statements on central topics in the field, with the goal of discussing aging simply, directly and accessibly. The organizing principle is that aging is a default outcome of living: because biological processes are inherently imperfect, deleterious changes (the deleteriome) accumulate over time and progressively erode functional reserve. The deleteriome provides a unifying framework for molecular damage, regulatory drift, maladaptive remodeling, and system-level failure, without reducing aging to individual genes, pathways, compartments, hallmarks, or pathologies. Evolution does not program aging; it shapes maintenance and renewal systems that oppose this trajectory with limited fidelity and unavoidable trade-offs. Aging begins during development, following an early embryonic phase of rejuvenation. Modern biomarkers make biological age imperfectly but increasingly measurable. Biological age is heterogeneous across cells, organs, and systems, modifiable by interventions and environment, and in some contexts partially reversible or resettable, although aging itself is irreversible. This model links first principles of aging to measurement, intervention, and longer-term strategies, with the goal of clarifying how substantial longevity gains might be achieved, both within and beyond existing species-level constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 46","pages":"e2605454123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}