综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"Disentangling biases in responding from substantive effects in computational psychiatry.","authors":"Claire M Gillan, Stephen M Fleming, Marion Rouault, Tricia X F Seow","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2624329123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2624329123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2624329123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global origins of tuna and billfish fisheries reveal the transition from coastal access to oceanic exploitation.","authors":"Torben C Rick, Adam J Andrews, Philippe Béarez, Marcella Festa, Thiago Fossile, Mark Hudson, Melanie Janßen-Kim, Maria José Juan-Jordá, Ariana B J Lambrides, Michelle J LeFebvre, Alisa Luthra, Bonnie Newsom, Sue O'Connor, Eréndira Quintana Morales, Arthur Spiess, Claudia Zancan, Caitlin Zimmer, Emma A Elliott Smith","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2512066123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512066123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocean ecosystems have played a crucial role in people's lives around the world for millennia. However, questions persist about when, why, and how people first began removing biomass from offshore habitats and established fisheries in distant, oceanic environments. We explore the antiquity and evolution of tuna (Thunnini) and billfish (Istiophoridae/Xiphiidae) fisheries, two groups of fishes that occur around the world, are economically significant, and are ecologically important open ocean apex predators. The earliest archaeological evidence of fishing for tuna occurs ~44,000 years ago and billfish at ~10,000 years ago, with early fisheries for some tuna species appearing around the world by 3,000 to 1,000 years ago. Most early fisheries are in areas where tunas and billfishes could be accessed relatively close to shore (e.g., submarine canyons) and/or where these fishes may come inshore seasonally or during warm ocean events. Early tuna and billfish fisheries were often linked to ceremony/ritual, alongside advances in maritime technologies. With few exceptions, sustained and intensive commercial exploitation of pelagic predators in offshore and oceanic habitats is a late development in the human past, occurring primarily during the last 200 y. Our findings document a long-term continuum of human interactions with global marine ecosystems spanning thousands of years, including significant differences between the timing and pathways by which people became dominant ecological drivers in nearshore compared to offshore/oceanic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2512066123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient legacies from elephant megacarcasses create coldspots of biodiversity and hotspots of ecosystem processes.","authors":"Courtney G Reed, Nathan P Lemoine, Michelle L Budny, Vincent C Clarke, Johan T du Toit, Ryan Helcoski, Helga Knoetze, Jane M Lucas, Joshua P Schimel, Izak P J Smit, Tercia Strydom, Aimee G Tallian, Dave I Thompson, Deron E Burkepile","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2605332123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2605332123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Terrestrial megafauna (animals >1,000 kg) have substantial impacts on ecosystems while alive; yet, we know little about the impacts of these ecosystem engineers after they die. Like whale carcasses in the ocean, terrestrial megacarcasses may leave ecological legacies via the nutrient pulses they create on the landscape. Here, we investigated the impact of elephant megacarcasses on savanna ecosystems in Kruger National Park, South Africa. To determine how elephant carcasses affect below- and aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem processes, we collected soil and plant samples from 40 carcass sites (pairing \"on carcass\" and \"off carcass\" samples) ranging from 8 d to 7.7 y postmortem. We found that elephant carcasses released enormous pools of nutrients into savanna soils, increasing ammonium by 31×, nitrate by 7×, and phosphorus by 3× on average. These extreme ammonium concentrations were negatively correlated with the biodiversity of bacteria and plants, which were both suppressed at elephant carcass sites. Despite these decreases in biodiversity, ecosystem processes were strongly elevated at elephant carcass sites, with soil microbial respiration elevated for 1 to 2 y and herbivore grazing >3× higher for 7+ y postmortem. These results demonstrate that elephant megacarcasses generate coldspots of biodiversity but hotspots of ecosystem processes, unveiling a cryptic ecological function of megaherbivores that is extreme in both magnitude and duration relative to carcasses of smaller animals. As humans drive terrestrial megafauna toward extinction, we risk losing not only their ecosystem engineering abilities while they are alive but also the ecological legacies their carcasses create after death.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2605332123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive glacier loss in the coterminous United States.","authors":"Andrew G Fountain, Bryce Glenn, Christopher McNeil, Brian Menounos","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2600941123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2600941123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaciers populate the mountain ranges of the western conterminous United States and despite their importance to alpine hydrology, their area and volume change have never been comprehensively evaluated. Our study shows that since the mid-twentieth century about one-quarter of the glaciers have disappeared and the overall area and volume are reduced by one-third. The pattern of glacier shrinkage suggests most glaciers in the conterminous United States are largely maintained by local topographic influences due to their small size. These results improve our understanding of evolving high alpine hydrology and importance to ecosystem processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2600941123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Gorelick and Kunst: Paying reviewers will increase publication costs and could exacerbate inequities.","authors":"Angela Moles, Stephen Bonser, Nigel Andrew, Daniel Falster, Russell Bonduriansky","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2628160123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2628160123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2628160123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The honey bee stinger: An unusual pump with collapsible double pistons.","authors":"Fiorella Ramirez-Esquivel, Claudia Klose, Hyun Chai Lee, Quinn Graco, Ajay Narendra, Sridhar Ravi","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2603916123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2603916123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most stinging animals deliver venom by contracting muscles around a venom reservoir, but honey bees employ a fundamentally different strategy. The stingers of worker bees have the unique ability to autotomize, separating from the body, to continue to sting independently. Despite more than a century of anatomical descriptions, the mechanics of venom pumping have remained unresolved due to the challenges of observing them in action. We recorded high-speed videos of active, autotomized stingers, combined with micro computed tomography-based three-dimensional reconstruction to characterize the biomechanics of stinging in the honey bee <i>Apis mellifera</i>. We reveal that the stinger functions as a unique double-piston micro-pump. Two lancets, each possessing a deformable valve, slide in antiphase within a bulb chamber. These valves dynamically deform to alternately form a seal during the downstroke and collapse during the upstroke, enabling pressure generation for pumping while potentially minimizing backflow during refilling. The inverted tear-drop shape of the bulb facilitates refill even while pumping proceeds. We explored valve deformations and flow behavior by constructing a dynamically scaled physical model of the bulb chamber confirming key features of the pumping cycle and propose mechanisms for valve deformations. The double piston design adds significant design complexity but enables continuous venom delivery in a compact, autonomous unit. These findings provide deeper understanding of venom pumping in honey bees and other Hymenoptera. This study also provides evidence of an axial piston pump within a biological system and offers inspiration for the design of microfluidic pumping devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2603916123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensate peer reviewers; do not conscript them.","authors":"Daniel A Gorelick, Jonas Kunst","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2619714123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2619714123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2619714123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Gillan et al.: What should be the null hypothesis in computational psychiatry?","authors":"Noam Sarna, Reuven Dar, Matan Mazor","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2628596123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2628596123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 43","pages":"e2628596123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction-based cryo-EM resolves the continuous conformational spectrum of CTP synthase catalysis.","authors":"Chen-Jun Guo, Yu-Fen Wu, Shu-Ying Guo, You Fu, Wei Wang, Ji-Long Liu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2620271123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2620271123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Capturing enzymes under native turnover conditions remains a grand challenge in structural biology. Here, we develop a reaction-based cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) strategy that directly samples <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> cytidine triphosphate synthase (CTPS) from actively catalyzing mixtures containing only natural substrates and allosteric effectors. By integrating reaction-based sampling with three-dimensional variability analysis, we resolve a continuous conformational spectrum of CTPS during catalysis. This approach visualizes the chemical progression of 4-phosphoryl-uridine triphosphate (4Pi-UTP) formation and reveals a previously unobserved co-occupancy pattern of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and CTP at the reaction end point. Cross-validation with nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs demonstrates that UTP phosphorylation by ATP, rather than mere ATP binding, shifts the conformational ensemble toward more closed states. Our findings establish reaction-based cryo-EM as a framework for resolving chemically annotated conformational ensembles without predefining a single trapped intermediate.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2620271123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocytic facilitation of somatic NMDARs underpins hippocampal E-S potentiation.","authors":"Xi Dong, Zhaohui Chen, Yi Fu, Zhi Wang, Wei Lu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2607168123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2607168123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EPSP-spike (E-S) potentiation is a form of plasticity defined by a persistent increase in neuronal spike output for a given synaptic input, reflecting enhanced E-S coupling independent of synaptic strength. However, its cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that brief induction of E-S potentiation triggers a sustained calcium activity increase in astrocytes adjacent to the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. Mechanistically, E-S potentiation critically requires GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) localized to the neuronal soma. Sustained astrocytic activity promotes E-S potentiation through vesicular release of D-serine, which enhances tonic activation of somatic NMDARs, suppresses A-type potassium currents, and produces a lasting increase in neuronal excitability. Functionally, this astrocyte-dependent E-S potentiation lowers the threshold for subsequent long-term potentiation, conferring a metaplastic influence on hippocampal circuits. These findings identify an astrocyte-neuron signaling mechanism that drives intrinsic plasticity and establish somatic NMDARs as a key site of astrocytic regulation of hippocampal output.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"123 42","pages":"e2607168123"},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}