综合性期刊最新文献

{"title":"Expressing intentions is not climate action.","authors":"Fabian Dablander, Florian Lange, Cameron Brick, Adam R Aron","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2512457122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512457122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 28","pages":"e2512457122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Pang et al.: Generalizable ability to track beliefs could be the most parsimonious explanation.","authors":"Michal Kosinski","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2511485122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2511485122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 28","pages":"e2511485122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-reported treatment outcomes in ME/CFS and long COVID.","authors":"Martha Eckey, Peng Li, Braxton Morrison, Jonas Bergquist, Ronald W Davis, Wenzhong Xiao","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2426874122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2426874122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID are persistent multisystem illnesses affecting many patients. With no known effective FDA-approved treatments for either condition, patient-reported outcomes of treatments may prove helpful in identifying management strategies that can improve patient care and generate new avenues for research. Here, we present the results of an ME/CFS and long COVID treatment survey with responses from 3,925 patients. We assess the experiences of these patients with more than 150 treatments in conjunction with their demographics, symptoms, and comorbidities. Treatments with the greatest perceived benefits are identified. Patients with each condition who participated in the study shared similar symptom profiles, including all the core symptoms of ME/CFS, e.g., 89.7% of ME/CFS and 79.4% of long COVID reported postexertional malaise (PEM). Furthermore, treatment responses between these two patient groups were significantly correlated (R² = 0.68). Patient subgroups, characterized by distinct symptom profiles and comorbidities, exhibited increased responses to specific treatments, e.g., a POTS-dominant cluster benefiting from autonomic modulators and a cognitive-dysfunction cluster from CNS stimulants. This study underscores the symptomatic and therapeutic similarities between ME/CFS and long COVID and highlights the commonalities and nuanced complexities of infection-associated chronic diseases and related conditions. While this study does not provide recommendations for specific therapies, in the absence of approved treatments, insights from patient-reported experiences provide urgently needed real-world evidence for developing targeted patient care therapies and future clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 28","pages":"e2426874122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do large language models have a theory of mind?","authors":"Damian K F Pang, Severin K Y Pang, Marianne D Broeker, Alix Hibble","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2507080122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2507080122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 28","pages":"e2507080122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Dablander et al.: Identifying interventions that change intentions lays a valuable foundation for behavior change.","authors":"Alyssa H Sinclair, Danielle Cosme, Kirsten Lydic, Diego A Reinero, Michael E Mann, Emily B Falk","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2513159122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2513159122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 28","pages":"e2513159122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress is a shared characteristic of ME/CFS and Long COVID.","authors":"Vishnu Shankar, Julie Wilhelmy, Ellis J Curtis, Basil Michael, Layla Cervantes, Vamsee Mallajosyula, Ronald W Davis, Michael Snyder, Shady Younis, William H Robinson, Sadasivan Shankar, Paul S Mischel, Hector Bonilla, Mark M Davis","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2426564122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2426564122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 65 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have Long COVID (LC), a complex multisystemic condition marked by fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and other symptoms resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). With no clinically approved treatments or reliable diagnostic markers, there is an urgent need to define the molecular underpinnings of these conditions. By studying bioenergetic characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 25 healthy controls, 27 ME/CFS, and 20 LC donors, we find both ME/CFS and LC donors exhibit signs of elevated oxidative stress, especially in the memory subset. Using a combination of flow cytometry, RNA-seq, mass spectrometry, and systems chemistry analysis, we observed aberrations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance pathways including elevated glutathione levels, decreases in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase protein levels, and glutathione peroxidase 4-mediated lipid oxidative damage. Strikingly, these redox pathways changes show sex-specific trends. While ME/CFS females exhibit higher total ROS and mitochondrial calcium levels, males have normal ROS levels, with pronounced mitochondrial lipid oxidative damage. In females, these higher ROS levels correlate with T cell hyperproliferation, consistent with the known role of elevated ROS in initiating proliferation. This hyperproliferation can be attenuated by metformin, suggesting this Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug as a possible treatment, as also suggested by a recent clinical study of LC patients. Moreover, these results suggest a shared mechanistic basis for the systemic phenotypes of ME/CFS and LC, which can be detected by quantitative blood cell measurements, and that effective, patient-tailored drugs might be discovered using standard lymphocyte stimulation assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 28","pages":"e2426564122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweet or sour? AI powered device achieves human-like sense of taste","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/d41586-025-02158-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-02158-w","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene-based sensor is a step towards restoring taste for those with neurological conditions.","PeriodicalId":18787,"journal":{"name":"Nature","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":64.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable synthesis of polymer-grade ethylene via electrified acetylene semihydrogenation.","authors":"Zihao Yan,Libang Xu,Huiyuan Zhu","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2505151122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2505151122","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocatalytic semihydrogenation of acetylene (C2H2), powered by renewable electricity, provides an energy- and cost-efficient alternative to conventional thermocatalytic methods for purifying crude ethylene (C2H4) streams. This approach provides a more sustainable route to polymer-grade C2H4 by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, yet its commercial potential remains limited by the scarcity of high-performance catalysts and the absence of comprehensive techno-economic analyses for large-scale implementation. In this study, we conduct an extensive screening and evaluation of monodisperse metal nanoparticle (NP) catalysts (Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Bi) with tunable particle sizes and morphologies for the electrocatalytic semihydrogenation of C2H2 in flow reactors. Among these candidates, 45 nm Cu nanocubes and 8 nm Ag NPs exhibited the highest performance. In a simulated crude ethylene stream (C2H2: C2H4 = 1:80), Cu nanocubes achieved 99.7% C2H2 removal at room temperature with a specific selectivity of 86.7% for C2H4 and maintained stability for 120 h. Meanwhile, 8 nm Ag NPs exhibited a high specific selectivity of 98.9%, with 96.7% conversion and 24-h stability under the same conditions. A detailed techno-economic analysis confirms the feasibility of electrocatalytic systems for industrial-scale crude ethylene treatment, with an optimal conversion cost of $0.74 per kg of C2H2, compared to $1.34 per kg for the optimized thermocatalytic system. Furthermore, our life cycle assessment highlights the environmental benefits of the electrocatalytic pathway with a carbon emission reduction of over 50%. Our electrified, efficient C2H2 semihydrogenation in C2H4 crude streams minimizes environmental impact and optimizes resource use, contributing to a more sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"21 1","pages":"e2505151122"},"PeriodicalIF":11.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nucleosome spacing can fine-tune higher-order chromatin assembly","authors":"Lifeng Chen, M. Julia Maristany, Stephen E. Farr, Jinyue Luo, Bryan A. Gibson, Lynda K. Doolittle, Jorge R. Espinosa, Jan Huertas, Sy Redding, Rosana Collepardo-Guevara, Michael K. Rosen","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-61482-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61482-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cellular chromatin displays heterogeneous structure and dynamics, properties that control diverse nuclear processes. Models invoke phase separation of conformational ensembles of chromatin fibers as a mechanism regulating chromatin organization in vivo. Here we combine biochemistry and molecular dynamics simulations to examine, at single base-pair resolution, how nucleosome spacing controls chromatin phase separation. We show that as DNA linkers extend from 25 bp to 30 bp, as exemplars of 10 N + 5 and 10 N (integer N) bp lengths, chromatin condensates become less thermodynamically stable and nucleosome mobility increases. Simulations reveal that this is due to trade-offs between inter- and intramolecular nucleosome stacking, favored by rigid 10 N + 5 and 10 N bp linkers, respectively. A remodeler can induce or inhibit phase separation by moving nucleosomes, changing the balance between intra- and intermolecular stacking. The intrinsic phase separation capacity of chromatin enables fine tuning of compaction and dynamics, likely contributing to heterogeneous chromatin organization in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining multiplexed gate-based readout and isolated CMOS quantum dot arrays","authors":"Pierre Hamonic, Martin Nurizzo, Jayshankar Nath, Matthieu C. Dartiailh, Victor Elhomsy, Mathis Fragnol, Biel Martinez, Pierre-Louis Julliard, Bruna Cardoso Paz, Mathilde Ouvrier-Buffet, Jean-Baptiste Filippini, Benoit Bertrand, Heimanu Niebojewski, Christopher Bäuerle, Maud Vinet, Franck Balestro, Tristan Meunier, Matias Urdampilleta","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-61556-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61556-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Semiconductor quantum dot arrays are a promising platform to perform spin-based error-corrected quantum computation with large numbers of qubits. However, due to the diverging number of possible charge configurations combined with the limited sensitivity of large-footprint charge sensors, achieving single-spin occupancy in each dot in a growing quantum dot array is exceedingly complex. Therefore, to scale-up a spin-based architecture we must change how individual charges are readout and controlled. Here, we demonstrate single-spin occupancy of each dot in a foundry-fabricated array by combining two methods. 1/ Loading a finite number of electrons into the quantum dot array; simplifying electrostatic tuning by isolating the array from the reservoirs. 2/ Deploying multiplex gate-based reflectometry to dispersively probe charge tunneling and spin states without charge sensors or reservoirs. Our isolated arrays probed by embedded multiplex readout can be readily electrostatically tuned. They are thus a viable, scalable approach for spin-based quantum architectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19066,"journal":{"name":"Nature Communications","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}