Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Numerical-experimental solar loading thermography method and chemical-physical techniques: A Tandem for the preservation of ancient books","authors":"Gilda Russo ,&nbsp;Yinuo Ding ,&nbsp;Reagan Kasonsa Tshiangomba ,&nbsp;Enza Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Antonio Cicone ,&nbsp;Hai Zhang ,&nbsp;Stefano Sfarra","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, the need to preliminarily study works of art with non-destructive and portable techniques has given rise to the figure of the conservation scientist for applications in the field of cultural heritage. This study applies solar loading thermography to detect surface and subsurface defects in an ancient book (1861), examining both natural degradation and fabricated defects. The latter were generated by the natural and inevitable degradation process to which the organic components of the book (for example cellulose, lignin, etc.) are subjected, and voluntarily introduced inside the book cover to determine the sensitivity and the feasibility of the technique. Thermal imaging analysis, supported by numerical simulation, revealed humidity damage and adhesive residues. Two experimental conditions were tested using or not clips to optimize cover-to-page adhesion. Four circoular dowels of different compositions assessed technique sensitivity. Complementary analyses (UV fluorescence, XRF spectroscopy, optical microscopy) validated surface anomal detection and material characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 579-589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-assisted vibrational spectroscopy for textile fiber identification in historical tapestries","authors":"M. Król ,&nbsp;P. Stoch ,&nbsp;S. Wójcik ,&nbsp;E. Nowak Przybyszewska ,&nbsp;W. Mozgawa","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wawel tapestries constitute an invaluable part of Polish and world heritage. To preserve this patrimony and support conservators, it is essential to correlate the type of material from which they were made with the presence of dyes. We structurally characterized a large set of wool and silk fibers collected from tapestries during conservation work using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. This allowed us to correlate the protein structure with the type of the samples and the presence of dyes. We found that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) effectively distinguished silk from wool, revealing greater homogeneity in wool fibers. However, PCA showed limitations in accurately classifying fiber colors, prompting the application of supervised machine learning models. Among the tested approaches – Logistic Regression (LogReg), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) – MLP demonstrated the highest accuracy, particularly in handling complex spectral patterns. Notably, systematic misclassifications aligned with spectral similarities in dye compositions, suggesting inherent challenges in fiber color differentiation. These findings highlight the potential of machine learning in historical fiber characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 571-578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling hidden details of an etruscan statue: The power of combined pXRF spot and map approach","authors":"A.P. Santo ,&nbsp;S. Calandra ,&nbsp;L. Cappuccini","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF), a non-invasive technique, is increasingly used in the field of Cultural Heritage for multi-element analysis due to its ease of use and no sample preparation. This method allows for fast, multi-elemental analysis of materials without damaging the original objects, making it invaluable in studying rare or fragile pieces. The combined application of spot and map analyses may shed new light on the composition of the studied material. Indeed, spot analysis provides localized, point-specific data, while mapping generates a broader overview of the material's distribution across the artifact’s surface. This dual approach is particularly useful, revealing insights inaccessible through spot analysis alone. In this paper, we demonstrated the validity of this approach by analyzing the eyes of an Etruscan statue housed at the National Archaeological Museum in Florence (Italy). The obtained distribution of chemical elements in the eyes enabled the formulation of a hypothesis regarding their manufacturing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 536-542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reconstruction of Wanfoge in Beijing Zhihua Temple","authors":"Qiang Chen ,&nbsp;Tian-Ning Chen ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reassembly and restoration of discrete heritage elements within their original installation context pose significant challenges. This study focuses on utilizing hybrid digital technologies to virtually restore the separated Wanfoge (Ten Thousand Buddhas Pavilion) Zhihua Temple (Temple of Transforming Wisdom). Specifically, the coffered ceiling section from Wanfoge was dismantled in the early 20th century and subsequently sold and dispersed overseas. Our research goal is to digitally restore the original cultural appearance of the heritage and to provide a more comprehensive and in-depth interpretation and presentation of this significant architectural cultural heritage. Traditional 3D scanning and virtual assembly methods are inadequate for reconstructing this site, as the ceiling is an intricate wooden assembly with many components that cannot be directly scanned without disassembly. Additionally, a systematic analysis and reconstruction of the numerous missing decorative elements are required. This study introduced an innovative approach to reconstruct the missing 3D information of the ceiling and analyzed its original architectural installation context. We first introduced an innovative approach by utilizing camera pose reconstruction and historical image projection to guide the restoration and modeling process with accurate dimensions and positioning. Next, we used polygon Boolean operations to precisely cut and reconstruct the structural assemblies. Finally, we reinstalled the reconstructed 3D models into their original architectural context within a virtual environment. This study reveals that the construction sequence of the Zhihua Temple ceiling follows a bottom-up, pyramid-like structure. In reconstructing historical architectural scenes, the Camera Pose Reconstruction method allows for more precise positioning and modeling using historical photographs. The interior spatial layout of Wanfoge is characterized by a distinctly centralized design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 382-392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based damage detection and segmentation in the battledore of Darbhanga Fort","authors":"Saurabh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Damodar Maity,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Kumawat","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>India's rich and diverse cultural heritage (CH) is mirrored in its architectural treasures, each structure bearing a unique story of history and craftsmanship. This research delves into the application of advanced technologies for the preservation and protection of these invaluable cultural assets. In the present study, You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8), a sophisticated deep learning (DL) architecture, has been meticulously harnessed as a powerful instrument for the precise detection, and detailed segmentation of superficial damages in the form of crack, spalling, and vegetation. As an illustrative case study, we focus our attention on the resplendent Darbhanga Fort, an architectural gem crafted from brick masonry and nestled in the historic heart of Darbhanga, Bihar. The preliminary survey reveals a poignant narrative, one shaped by the absence of consistent upkeep—unveiling a landscape marred by formidable cracks, spalling, and encroaching vegetation. A comprehensive damage dataset of 7440 images (excluding background images) has been meticulously curated from the considered masonry heritage, along with its bounding box labels for precise damage detection and polygon box labels for intricate damage segmentation. This invaluable dataset has been thoughtfully shared with the global research community on the open-source platform of Mendeley's database. The maximum mean Average Precision at Intersection over Union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 (mAP_0.5) of 96.2 % and 92.5 % have been obtained for YOLOv8 detection as well as segmentation models respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 510-523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cobalt rich phases formed in processing natural erythrite at high temperatures","authors":"Lisa Bruzzone ,&nbsp;Laura Gaggero ,&nbsp;Judit Molera ,&nbsp;Alessandro Zucchiatti","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates whether natural erythrite was used before 1520 as a source of arsenic-free cobalt products for the production of blue glass and glazes. Historical records on glass and ceramics suggest a shift in cobalt sources or processing techniques around this time, with earlier European cobalt blue glass and glazes being arsenic-free and later ones containing significant arsenic levels. The aim is to determine the specific transformations of erythrite during firing, how it interacts with other compounds, and whether it forms phases that do not retain arsenic. To explore this, we conducted thermal treatments of erythrite alone and in combination with historically relevant minerals to assess its transformations and potential for arsenic removal. Materials characterization has been performed by XRPD, HT-SR-XRPD, XRF, and SEM-EDS.</div><div>The roasting of erythrite shows that the mineral decomposition begins at 227 °C, forming an amorphous phase with maximum arsenic loss by 635 °C. At 560 °C, cobalt arsenates (monoclinic and tetragonal Co₃(AsO₄)₂) crystallize, trapping arsenic within the structure. A transient cobalt arsenate appears at 627 °C but disappears at 755 °C, while at 775 °C, a cobalt-rich, arsenic-poor phase (Co₇.₈As₃O₁₆) forms. Therefore, arsenic remains locked within stable cobalt arsenates, indicating that simple roasting of erythrite, as could have been achieved in 14th–16th century ovens, is insufficient to eliminate arsenic below detectable limits in medium-resolution techniques such as PIXE and XRF.</div><div>Further experiments following historical recipes using erythrite mixed with borax and calcite (as described by Isfahani) revealed the formation of an amorphous blue glass containing cobalt, arsenic, and boron, along with crystalline phases such as NaCa₂Co₂(AsO₄)₃, Ca₃(AsO₄)₂, as well as cobalt rich phases such as Co-borate (Co₂Fe₀.₇Ni₀.₃BO₅), with SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ spinels ((Co,Ni,Fe,Al)₃O₄.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 476-487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel VSLAM positioning through synthetic data and deep learning: Applications in virtual archaeology, ArQVIA","authors":"Alicia Colmenero-Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual archaeology enhances the visitor’s understanding of historical sites through 3D reconstructions of original locations. However, a major obstacle to interactive visualization is the VSLAM (Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) problem, which revolves around accurately matching real-world positions with scaled virtual replicas. Current methods—such as marker recognition or image feature comparison against keyframes or point clouds—often involve high computational costs, complex setups, or software dependencies (embedded systems, GPUs, library compilations).</div><div>Our proposed method leverages Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) to match RGB input images taken on-site with features learned from photogrammetric models. A single image is transmitted via a server-based system, and an easy-to-use request-response interface is guided by the gyroscope. A 360-degree panorama that is in line with the nearest camera perspective is returned after the match. This approach is demonstrated by the mobile app ArQVIA, which makes 3D visualizations accessible and interactive for any monocular device without the need for specialized hardware.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 347-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recolonization dynamics of lichens after biocidal treatments: A limitation in the spreading of water-based solutions beneath thalli as species-specific influencing factor","authors":"Marta Cicardi ,&nbsp;Enrica Matteucci ,&nbsp;Greta Rao-Torres ,&nbsp;Marie Claire Canepa ,&nbsp;Daniele Castelli ,&nbsp;Simona Ferrando ,&nbsp;Samuel Antonietti ,&nbsp;Francesca Piqué ,&nbsp;Sergio E. Favero-Longo","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recolonisation by lichens of recently cleaned heritage surfaces is a major issue for conservation, but subtending processes were only partially unveiled, particularly with respect to species with a low potential of propagule dispersal, for which a rapid ingress from external sources is rather unlikely. In this work, recolonisation by lichen species of Megasporaceae and Verrucariaceae was investigated on the marble balustrades of two residences of the Royal House of Savoy (UNESCO-WHS 823bis; NW Italy), cleaned approx. 20 and 12 years ago, respectively. The work aimed to verify if (i) lichen recolonisation started immediately after the conservation interventions and if (ii) this may depend on a scarce effectiveness of devitalization treatments. With regard to this latter point, a possible specific resilience due to a high depth of hyphal penetration within the substrate and/or a limitation in the biocide spread and penetration beneath thalli -due to stone properties and/or a lichen-related effect- were experimentally evaluated. The calculation of growth rates and minimum age of thalli on the balustrades indicated that recolonisation started immediately after the conservation interventions. Blocks of marble from the ancient quarry sites were used to verify the spread and penetration of water-based solutions, mimicking those of quaternary ammonium salt biocides, in presence and absence of Megasporaceae and Verrucariaceae lichens. Lichen cover was shown to influence the capillary water absorption, but the depth reached by the water-based solution (visualised with fluorescein dye) was still higher than that of hyphal penetration structures. On the other hand, some hydrophobic volumes were detected just beneath/below lichen thalli. The applications of water-based biocides do not likely affect lichen structures observed in these rock volumes, which may thus act as viable remnants rapidly starting recolonisation process. Such scenario may thus account for the frequent occurrence of species of Megasporaceae and Verrucariaceae, having a low potential of propagule dispersal, on recently cleaned marble heritage surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 454-464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of selected driers on the curing kinetics, thermodynamics, and molecular features of commercial artists' oil paints","authors":"Silvia Pizzimenti ,&nbsp;Giulia Caroti ,&nbsp;Luca Bernazzani ,&nbsp;Jacopo La Nasa ,&nbsp;Elena Pulidori ,&nbsp;Amedeo Franco Bonatti ,&nbsp;Carmelo De Maria ,&nbsp;Guy Van Assche ,&nbsp;Francesca Martini ,&nbsp;Marco Geppi ,&nbsp;Ulysses Jackson ,&nbsp;Celia Duce ,&nbsp;Ilaria Bonaduce","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the impact of various metal-based driers on the curing process of commercial artists’ oil paints, focusing on drying time, curing kinetics, molecular structure, and mechanical properties of the final paint film. Six custom-made formulations with different metal-based driers (calcium, zirconium, cobalt, cobalt with calcium, and cobalt with manganese) were tested. Results showed that cobalt-containing driers significantly reduced drying time, while calcium and zirconium had a moderate effect. Cobalt combined with calcium further decreased the drying time, whereas manganese slightly increased it. Depending on the drier and/or driers’ combination the curing kinetic and thermodynamic are influenced. Cobalt-based driers increase surface polarity and promote inhomogeneous cross-linking density. All driers had an influence on the mechanical properties of the paint films: after three years of natural ageing paint layers containing driers are stiffer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 465-475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSD-Det: Masonry structures damage detection dataset for preventive conservation of heritage","authors":"Lingege Long ,&nbsp;Zhenkun Gan ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Liu ,&nbsp;Benyun Zhao ,&nbsp;Qingxiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For large and complex heritage masonry structures, preventive conservation reduces structural deterioration, reinforces cultural features, and enhances heritage value. Inspection and monitoring are the first steps of preventive conservation. However, the traditional manual visual inspection has limitations in terms of time and labor costs. Deep learning-based visual defect detection methods can provide an accurate and efficient solution for inspection and monitoring. The need for high-quality object-level datasets limits the application of deep learning in the preventive conservation of heritage masonry structures. Therefore, this study develops and releases a large-scale, high-resolution, multi-scene inspection MSD-Det dataset for heritage masonry damage detection. MSD-Det has 1082 high-resolution images, covering a wide range of heritage masonry structure types and including 7 common damage categories (cracks, fabric loss of masonry units, surface dissolution, efflorescence, discoloration, plant and moss). 17 deep learning object detection algorithms are applied to evaluate the accuracy, speed, and robustness of the dataset to validate the feasibility of the dataset, and real experiments on the Great Wall of Beijing's Panglong Mountain are conducted to confirm the practicality of MSD-Det dataset further. Compared with the existing datasets, MSD-Det extends the data quantity, improves the data quality, and encompasses a broader range of damage categories, contributing to a large-scale open detection dataset, which lays a solid foundation for advancing preventive preservation techniques and methods for heritage masonry structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 358-370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}