Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Iron oxide crystallinity and distribution in Song dynasty northern black wares: Insights into ‘silvery’ and ‘golden’ oil spot glazes","authors":"Xuesong Yin,&nbsp;Wanwan Wang,&nbsp;Riko I Made,&nbsp;Tian Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Hui Kim Hui,&nbsp;Yu Yu Ko Hnin,&nbsp;Poh Chong Lim,&nbsp;Nguk Neng Tham","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Song dynasty black wares with oil spot glazes hold significant historical and artistic values. Despite prior characterization and replication efforts, the precise material identification, their correlation with glaze effects, and underlying formation mechanisms remain contested. This study compares silvery and golden oil spot glazes from northern China, revealing that silvery oil spots arise from densely packed hematite-like (α−Fe₂​O₃​) crystals on the glaze surface, whereas golden oil spots result from loosely dispersed ε−Fe₂​O₃​ nanoflakes embedded near the glaze surface. Notably, Ti incorporation within these iron oxide crystals was unambiguously detected. By correlating these findings with natural and synthetic iron oxide samples, distinct coloration and formation mechanisms were elucidated. This research highlights that the crystallinity, morphology, and distribution of iron oxides, alongside well-controlled firing conditions, are paramount in determining the aesthetic diversity of these iconic oil spot glazes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 302-308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multispectral imaging analysis of the “Madonna della Palma” (Urbino, Raphael’s birthplace): New insights in the Raphael attribution debate","authors":"Laura Baratin,&nbsp;Alessandra Cantarini,&nbsp;Benedetta Fazi,&nbsp;Paolo Triolo,&nbsp;Stefano Legnaioli,&nbsp;Vincenzo Palleschi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The debate on the authenticity of the <em>Madonna della Palma</em> (Madonna of the palm tree), an oil on panel attributed to Raphael, whose attribution has been the subject of several discussions in recent decades, has been based not only on stylistic and historical considerations, but also on the botanical nature of the tree depicted by the artist in his painting.</div><div>The completely non-invasive investigations carried out by researchers from the University of Urbino and the National Research Council of Pisa are the first analytical studies in over 50 years since the restoration carried out by the Central Institute for Restoration in Rome from 1969 to 1973.</div><div>Traditional IR-VIS-UV multispectral imaging techniques have been used; the acquired images have been processed with experimental techniques based on derivative chromatic imaging (ChromaDI) in blind separation mode or computational applications for the study of surface morphology (reflectance transformation imaging).</div><div>The results obtained have allowed us to identify peculiar aspects of the execution technique (spolvero and pentimenti), while at the same time highlighting the significant changes made during the restoration interventions. Comparison with the archive documentation (conservation report, archive photographs in visible light, infrared and X-rays, studies by authoritative art historians who studied the subject in the 1970s and 1980s) has allowed to formulate new hypothesis on the subject, dismissing the current narrative of the “Raphael of Captain Cook” and helping in placing this painting in its rightful place in time, giving a plausible reconstruction of the origins of the panel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 388-396"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From volcanic ash to architecture: Pozzolanic mortars in roman constructions of the phlegraean fields","authors":"Concetta Rispoli,&nbsp;Giovanna Montesano,&nbsp;Piergiulio Cappelletti","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work synthesizes about twenty years of minero-petrographic research on Roman bedding, coating mortars and cocciopesto from key archaeological sites in the Phlegraean Fields area (Naples, Southern Italy), including Baia Thermal Complex, Piscina Mirabilis, Dragonara Cave, Temple of Venus, and Flavian Amphitheatre. Multi-analytical investigations, including Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Thermal Analysis (TA) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) allowed to investigate and compare mix designs, binder/aggregate textures, mineral assemblages, hydraulicity indices, pore system, and raw materials provenance. Across sites and functions, mortars comprise slaked lime with volcanic aggregate and recycled fired ceramic. Volcanic aggregates are pumice and scoriae from Phlegraean Fields area, with zeolitic minerals (phillipsite-chabazite-analcime) indicative of local sourcing; specific structures show evidence of Vesuvian imports (leucite-bearing scoriae). Binders exhibit micritic/cryptocrystalline texture and lime lumps; secondary phases include C-A-S-H gel and Al-tobermorite, as well as calcite and gypsum. Binder hydraulicity indices spans from 0.15 to 0.32, confirming the weakly-to-moderately hydraulic behaviour driven by pozzolanic reactions. Furthermore, porosity tests evidenced a high closed porosity of the binder due to the good pozzolanic reactivity and consistent with long-term durability.</div><div>This review highlights how Roman strategies - local sourcing, pozzolanic reaction, and the use of cocciopesto - anticipate modern principles of durability and sustainability. By integrating geological knowledge with construction practices, Roman builders developed material solutions to achieve long-term structural performance. The review examines the relevance of their technological choices related to Vitruvian recipe, i.e., raw material selection, aggregate proportions, and pozzolanic reaction. It also explores their alignment with contemporary sustainability paradigms, including reuse, local sourcing and optimization of by-products. Finally, the long-term conservation of the mortars, evidenced by their durability also in complex environments, highlights the lasting impact of Roman technology and their relevance for modern engineering, heritage conservation, and sustainable construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 480-491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powder bed fusion printing process applied to the restoration of cultural heritage: Mechanical and durability experimental investigation of PA12","authors":"Elisabetta Monaldo,&nbsp;Maurizio Ricci,&nbsp;Wilma Polini,&nbsp;Luca Sorrentino,&nbsp;Sonia Marfia","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the application of Multi Jet Fusion 3D printing technology, specifically using Polyamide 12 (PA12), for the creation of structural and decorative elements to restore gaps in architectural heritage. The research focuses on the material mechanical and durability properties, with experiments including tensile and three-point bending tests. The influence of printing color and protective varnish on mechanical performance is also analyzed, as these treatments may enhance both aesthetic appearance and durability in cultural heritage applications. Additionally, UV-B irradiation tests simulating outdoor exposure to investigate material degradation are carried out. The protective varnish does not significantly improve the mechanical properties, while the color of the 3D-printed PA12 specimens negatively influences the overall mechanical performance, though it remains within an acceptable range for the considered application. Based on encouraging experimental results, a case study involving the reconstruction of window cornices for the historic Palazzo Orsini in central Italy is presented, illustrating the potential of 3D printing for cultural heritage restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 272-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of pigment mixtures on paper using fiber-optic reflectance spectroscopy and advanced optical modeling","authors":"Ricardo P. Vicente Rojas,&nbsp;Silvia Sotgiu,&nbsp;Véronique Cachia,&nbsp;Eugenio DelRe,&nbsp;Nicola Schiavon,&nbsp;Mauro Giustini,&nbsp;Mauro Missori","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-invasive methods are essential for studying materials in cultural heritage artworks. Among them, Fiber Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) is widely employed for <em>in situ</em> analysis due to its portability and direct relationship with the optical properties governing color. However, FORS remains largely qualitative, as reflectance spectra of pigment mixtures show nonlinear behavior caused by complex absorption and scattering processes, especially on strongly scattering substrates such as paper.</div><div>This work introduces the first quantitative application of the Yang–Miklavcic model to heritage pigments on paper. This model, an extension of the Kubelka–Munk theory, retrieves intrinsic absorption and scattering coefficients in inhomogeneous, highly scattering layers by accounting for the scattering-induced path variation of photons. Experimental tests were performed on mock-ups prepared on paper with single and binary mixtures of five pigments: ultramarine blue, chromium oxide green, burnt sienna, titanium white, and Naples yellow. Reflectance spectra were acquired with an integrating-sphere setup to measure diffuse reflectance.</div><div>By using intrinsically derived optical coefficients, the method enables the separation of pigment scattering from that of the paper substrate, allowing accurate identification and quantitative estimation of the components in binary pigment mixtures on paper. The results demonstrate that FORS, when coupled with advanced optical modelling, provides reliable, non-invasive, and cost-effective quantitative compositional data for painted surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 470-479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Church of San Pietro Martire in Verona: A conservation-oriented approach between historical and structural interpretation","authors":"Emanuela Sorbo,&nbsp;Giosuè Boscato,&nbsp;Gianluca Spironelli,&nbsp;Tommaso Moretto,&nbsp;Antonella Cecchi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study presents an integrated structural assessment and damage interpretation of the former Gothic church of San Pietro Martire in Verona (13th century) within a multidisciplinary, conservation-oriented framework. While recent studies on historic masonry churches increasingly integrate non-destructive diagnostics and modelling, a persistent gap remains in validating crack interpretations through combined historical, geometric and mechanical evidence, capable of distinguishing between long-term historic mechanisms and more later-stage damage phenomena. This research addresses this field by proposing and applying an integrated methodological workflow that combines historical–critical analysis, high-resolution geometric survey, vibration-based dynamic identification, microseismic testing and material investigations. Beyond documenting the building condition, the study develops a comparative and multi-criteria interpretation of the experimental data, aimed at the mechanical interpretation of the governing failure mechanisms. The results allow the differentiation between two structurally and chronologically distinct crack patterns: (i) a historic and currently active out-of-plane bending mechanism affecting the south façade, and (ii) a recent and presently inactive damage pattern associated with stiffness reconfiguration of the adjacent building aggregate. This distinction is supported by geometric displacement fields, modal shapes, experimentally derived stiffness parameters and first-level kinematic assessment. The novelty of the research lies in the cross-validated integration of historical, geometric, dynamic and local mechanical evidence to distinguish active and inactive crack mechanisms in historic masonry churches. This enables the definition of a transferable methodology in the framework of applied research, tested on complex and stratified cultural heritage sites within the operational and decision-making processes of the Superintendence, aimed at developing a global interpretation of structural behaviour that integrates the historical perspective of the research process with the current state of conservation of the building. The research is carried out within the framework of a collaborative process between the Cluster-Lab MATESCA of Università Iuav di Venezia and the Superintendence ABAP for the Provinces of Verona, Rovigo, and Vicenza (local office of the Italian Ministry of Culture), and the proposed methodology has constituted the knowledge base for the Ministry’s executive conservation design solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 364-376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing a multidisciplinary-referenced color network analysis model for the decorative motifs of the Yungang Grottoes","authors":"Jinglei Xu,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Fanghao Song,&nbsp;Yirui Wang,&nbsp;Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yungang Grottoes, a masterpiece exemplifying the sinicization of Buddhist art, present significant challenges for research due to the fading and overpainting of their original decorative paintings over centuries. Previous studies have predominantly focused on identifying individual hues, making it difficult to systematically reveal the compositional logic and chromatic matching patterns within the polychromy. This study develops a color network analysis model that integrates multidisciplinary references, intended as an exploratory tool for interpreting and analyzing the extant colors of Yungang's decorative motifs. The model is built around digital image clustering analysis, with physical-layer and documentary-layer data serving as post-hoc interpretive references for qualitative comparison and semantic annotation of the clustering results: (1) a Physical Layer, where spectrophotometric measurements of mineral pigment reference samples establish a physical color reference set, used for qualitative verification of cluster hue attribution to mineral sources; (2) a Documentary Layer, where Northern Wei historical texts and contemporaneous artifacts are cross-referenced to construct a historical color knowledge base, providing cultural context for interpreting color co-occurrence patterns in the digital model; and (3) a Digital Layer, where core colors and their spatial co-occurrence relationships are extracted from cultural heritage images using the K-means clustering algorithm. Based on this framework, the study identifies the color composition of Yungang's motifs as primarily comprising six hue families—red, yellow, green, blue, white, and black—and reveals a hierarchical color scheme characterized by a “red-dominant, red/yellow-assistive, polychrome-accentuated” structure. A co-occurrence-based color network model was constructed and an interactive visualization prototype was developed. Cross-regional case comparison and professional user evaluation indicate that the model provides a valuable reference for Northern Wei aesthetic preferences in color matching, offering both a new perspective for exploring the visual patterns of Yungang decorative motif colors and a transferable analytical paradigm for color co-occurrence pattern analysis based on extant image data in the cultural heritage domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 415-427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pastels of Giuseppe De Nittis: insights into specialised commercially pre-primed canvases in late nineteenth-century France","authors":"Paola Iazurlo,&nbsp;Carolina Rigon,&nbsp;Manuela Vagnini","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As part of a research project on the painting technique of Giuseppe De Nittis, the Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR) investigated seven of the artist's pastel works, held by the Pinacoteca Giuseppe De Nittis of Barletta. During his short but intense career, the artist alternated painting in oil with pastel, a medium he employed in a highly personal and virtuosic manner, earning widespread acclaim from both the public and critics. De Nittis, in fact, contributed significantly to the revival of the pastel technique during the 1870s-1880s, alongside other painters interested in achieving an atmospherically expressive matt aesthetic.</div><div>To meet the demands of the pastel artists, the art supply industry provided not only a wider range of colours, but also specific supports with rough and porous preparations, suitable for retaining the pigment particles, as presented in the catalogues of the time.</div><div>Despite the great popularity of the pastel technique, few analytical studies have been conducted on this type of work, which is fragile by its very nature and therefore often altered by past colour consolidation treatments. The study and analysis of Giuseppe De Nittis' works help to fill this knowledge gap, shedding light on this little-known aspect in the technical history of late nineteenth century art. The research identifies the artist's use of a particular type of commercially prepared canvas specifically intended for pastel works. The analysis of these preparations, never previously identified, reveals the high degree of commercial-industrial specialisation in the provision of art supplies in late nineteenth century France, in this case for pastel technique, as confirmed by some French patents from the period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 492-502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation of the painting “Genre scene in the countryside” by Włodzimierz Tetmajer (1861–1923) from the Silesian Museum in Katowice: application of nanocomposite organogel as novel system and emulsion removal","authors":"Anna Litwin,&nbsp;Anna Sękowska,&nbsp;Klaudia Kaniewska,&nbsp;Elżbieta Pilecka-Pietrusińska,&nbsp;Marcin Karbarz","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first-ever application of a pNIPA-LAP nanocomposite organogel wax-resin removal system for the removal of emulsion mass during the conservation of a painting. The object of study – a 19th-century work by Włodzimierz Tetmajer from the Silesian Museum in Katowice, under conservation at the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków – was in a severely deteriorated condition, exhibiting extensive cupping of the paint layer and a thin emulsion mass of wax–resin and animal glue on the reverse of the canvas. Traditional conservation methods were deemed unsuitable due to the risk of further paint loss. The use of the pNIPA-LAP organogel, developed for controlled and minimally invasive cleaning, minimized the need for mechanical intervention on the reverse of the canvas. This article evaluates the performance of the pNIPA-LAP nanocomposite organogel and compares its effectiveness with that of two alternative materials traditionally used for wax–resin removal. The successful application of the organogel allowed the conservation of the painting to proceed to subsequent crucial stages. The comprehensive treatment included the removal of overpainting, consolidation of detached paint layers, extraction of wax and emulsion residues from the canvas, tear repair, relaxation of distortions, lining, filling of losses, and compositional reintegration – procedures consistent with the established conservation methodologies of the Faculty of Conservation and Restoration at the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 341-351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical-scavenging and anti-corrosion: A dual-functional CeO2/B72 hybrid coating for bronze artifacts","authors":"Yuan Fang,&nbsp;Xiao Lin,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Runrun Han,&nbsp;Wenling Wu,&nbsp;Zhuo Wang,&nbsp;Li Zhang,&nbsp;Jiang Guo,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Jianxi Li,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2026.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure the durable protection of bronze artifacts in complex museum environments, a radical-scavenging CeO₂/B72 coating was developed by incorporating CeO₂ nanoparticles into a B72 matrix. The optimized coating with 4 wt.% CeO₂ significantly enhances surface hydrophobicity and demonstrates outstanding corrosion inhibition, reducing the corrosion current density by one to two orders of magnitude compared to pure B72. Furthermore, it retains exceptional protective performance under accelerated aging tests simulating common threats, including NaCl solution, organic acid, and ultraviolet light. The protective mechanism combines the physical barrier effect of nanoparticle-filled polymer matrix with the intrinsic chemical activity of CeO₂. The abundant oxygen vacancy defects within CeO₂ exhibits antioxidant properties through an active Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ redox cycle, effectively scavenging corrosive free radicals. This composite coating thus offers a practical, high-performance and aesthetically compatible solution for the long-term preventive conservation of bronze artifacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 428-438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148524339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}