Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Using novel natural gels for the cleaning of iron leachates on marble","authors":"Iñaki Vázquez-de la Fuente,&nbsp;Sara Puente-Muñoz,&nbsp;Nagore Prieto-Taboada,&nbsp;Gorka Arana,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Madariaga","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marble is vulnerable to metallic leaching, resulting in structural damage and the alteration of its appearance. With an increase in the use of steel in heritage works, there is a high risk of iron mobilisation, which can result in the orange staining on nearby surfaces. This issue becomes especially relevant when dealing with marble structures of historical significance. To address this, conservators seek cleaning materials tailored to the specific structure without causing harm to the original surface. Agar, a substance that has been extensively studied, proves to be effective as a hydrogel by creating a controlled water release system, accommodating the needs of conservators for optimal cleanliness without compromising the material. In order to enhance cleaning efficiency, chelating agents like EDTA can be incorporated into the agar hydrogel composition. However, drawbacks such as microbiological growth and resultant damage on the surface of the original material must be considered. To overcome these challenges, alternative natural cleaning materials like gels made of kudzu and konjac are explored, combined with green chelating agents such as citrate, <span>l</span>-cysteine and oxalate. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the mock-ups, before and after the staining, and to evaluate their cleaning potential, such us Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Moreover, two reproducible and easily applicable methods to generate iron staining in marble mock-ups have been developed because of their absence in the literature. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of goethite and lepidocrocite, the main minerals in real iron staining. Using XRF spectroscopy, it was found that the leachate method produced a staining with the highest amount of iron, while the Mohr method produced more homogeneous staining. Konjac gels were found to be the most effective for removing iron staining from marble surfaces when compared to other gels. In addition, konjac gels require less energy in their preparation because no heat is used in their preparation. Their efficiency is further enhanced by the addition of the chelators <span>l</span>-cysteine and citrate, being an ideal alternative to EDTA in cleaning iron staining from marble surfaces. The use of EDTA chelator is not recommended on marble surfaces due to its high affinity for calcium and the fact that, unlike the <span>l</span>-cysteine and citrate chelators, it is highly toxic to the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodeterioration effects of the endolithic Bagliettoa sp. (lichenized verrucariaceae) on the limestones of persepolis, UNESCO world heritage site","authors":"Mahsa Esmaeillou ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sohrabi ,&nbsp;Hamideh Ofoghi ,&nbsp;Miguel Blázquez ,&nbsp;Sergio Pérez-Ortega ,&nbsp;Asunción de los Ríos","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the role played by the endolithic thallus of the lichen-forming fungi <em>Bagliettoa</em> sp., an apparently undescribed species, in the biodeterioration of Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iran. This species produces abundant large reproductive bodies (perithecia) creating micropits with aesthetic impacts that persist even after the lichen is no longer present. The aim of this study was to gain insight into how these micropits develop and their effects on colonized limestone. By both light and electron microscopy, the various stages of micropit development were examined from the emergence of perithecia on the stone surface until their decay. The potential for other microorganisms to colonize these micropits and the surrounding stone was also assessed through metabarcoding analysis. Our results indicate that the formation and emergence of perithecia caused more pronounced structural damage to the limestone than reported biogeochemical processes attributed to the endolithic spread of symbiont cells within the stone. As the thallus and perithecium disintegrate, micropits fill with mineral fragments, while micrite and algal layers vanish. This eventually leads to the removal of up 0.5 mm of stone surface, leaving behind a surface marked by empty, shallow micropits. Bacterial colonies were observed at all defined stages, initially associated with the micrite layer and later with perithecium remnants. No specific signs of biodeterioration activity on the limestone could be attributed to these bacterial colonies. Metabarcoding results revealed a lower bacterial diversity in micropits with healthy perithecia and a greater abundance of cyanobacteria compared to empty micropits or those containing only perithecium remnants. However, no significant differences in bacterial community structure were detected across the different micropit stages, suggesting that new taxa rarely become established during micropit development. Our study provides new insight into the effects of endolithic lichens associated with perithecium micropit formation. Knowledge of this biodeterioration mechanism is essential for the design of preservation strategies for Persepolis and other sites featuring the dominance of these lichens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel plasma electrolysis cleaning technique applied on Islamic glass lamps: An experimental study","authors":"Nada Hamed Jammaz ,&nbsp;Mohamed Moustafa Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Rania A. Eloriby ,&nbsp;Nasser Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel plasma technique has been used for the first time in cleaning Islamic glass lamps samples covered with soot. Pulsed high voltage high frequency power supply was designed to sustain a gas discharge between a cathodic metallic pin and anodic water electrode. The glass samples were immersed completely inside the water and discharge take place over the surface of the water in open air. Different kinds of active species were formed over and inside the water surface including hydroxyl group (OH), atomic oxygen (O), atomic hydrogen (H) molecular hydrogen (H₂), Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and UV radiation. The cleaning mechanisms will be discussed in this research at different discharge current, 0.268, 0.36 and 0.4A at exposure time range from 5 min. to 20 min., applied at fixed frequency (10 kHz) and sustaining voltage (500v). All currents successfully cleaned 95.5% from soot from the bare glass surfaces (parts without enamel). Cleaning results of enameled surfaces varied from current to another, at 0.268A plasma could clean 76% from the soot and at 0.36A, plasma could clean 65% from the soot. The third current (0.4A) causes destruction for the enamel by removing parts from them. It could be concluded that, small current is considered the safest and successful one to be used in cleaning the Islamic glass samples despite the relatively long time of exposure to plasma. The previous results will enable us to consider the possibility of using this novel technique in cleaning historical Islamic glass lamps pieces in various museums and archaeological stores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of organic binders in monumental terracruda sculpture: Integrating Sanskrit texts with spectroscopic and spectrometric data in the study of Tepe Narenj and Qol-e-tut examples (Kabul, Afghanistan, 5th to 11th centuries CE)","authors":"Mònica López-Prat ,&nbsp;Stephane Chaignepain ,&nbsp;Irena Kralj Cigić ,&nbsp;Lea Legan ,&nbsp;Simona Mileto ,&nbsp;Domenico Miriello ,&nbsp;Noor Agha Noori ,&nbsp;Polonca Ropret ,&nbsp;Barbara Štuhec ,&nbsp;Caroline Tokarski ,&nbsp;Alessandra Pecci","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is part of a broader research project aimed at understanding the technology of making Buddhist monumental <em>terracruda</em> (air-dried clay) sculptures and contributing to the design of specific recovery protocols and conservation treatments for archaeological examples. Previous studies have been mainly based on information obtained through the comparative study of traditional knowledge preserved in India and petrographic, mineralogical, chemical and botanical characterization performed on Afghan examples from Buddhist sites of Tepe Narenj and Qol-e-tut (5th to 11th centuries).</div><div>Here the focus is to verify the hypothesis of the addition of possible organic binding substances to elaborate the modelling pastes on the examples of Tepe Narenj and Qol-e-tut, with particular interest in the search for gums, as these compounds had been identified by analyses of other Afghan examples and their use is documented in India today for the finishing layers of the type of sculptures under study.</div><div>So far, the studies that have looked for organic binders have done so with the aim of analysing painting techniques. However, ancient sacred texts (8th - 17th centuries CE) mention a wide use of organic substances also in the preparation of clays. In a pioneering approach aimed at elucidating their presence in the modelling pastes, we used a staggered analytical approach as part of a European IPERION<img>HS project with first, FTIR analyses to verify their inclusion and if possible, their specific groups and secondly, GC–MS analyses to characterize them. Finally, we used a structural analytical approach based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to study the polysaccharides and access their taxonomic information.</div><div>The results suggest that multiple organic binders were added, and the use of gums has been confirmed. Although this represents only a first step in the study of the use of organic binders in the modelling pastes and plasters of monumental <em>terracruda</em> sculpture, the results appear to be consistent with the complex processes described in ancient sacred literature related to their preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 62-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence of re-use of an oak panel in Estonia: Covers of the fifteenth century Codex of Türi","authors":"Alar Läänelaid ,&nbsp;Kristina Sohar ,&nbsp;Aoife Daly ,&nbsp;Alicia Van Ham-Meert ,&nbsp;Päärn Paiste ,&nbsp;Kaspar Kolk ,&nbsp;Kadri Paloveer ,&nbsp;Raivo Suni","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2021 the Codex of Türi, dating from 1454, came into the hands of conservators. The manuscript, bound in Gothic style, with oak boards covered in leather, was in poor condition. The leather covering the boards and the text block were partially detached, the binding was loose, and the thread was broken. In the first stage of conservation, the leather was removed from the covers. The exposed oak boards allowed for dendrochronological analysis to determine the age of the wood used for the covers. Additionally, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope analysis was conducted to assess the origin of the cover wood.</div><div>The dendrochronological study showed that the wood used for the covers was from trees felled in the same late medieval period as the Codex was written. While the felling of the tree for the back cover dated to around the year of the completion of writing the codex, the outermost preserved tree ring of the front cover was 88 years older, but no sapwood was preserved on this. A non-functional round hole, repaired with a wooden plug, was observed in the front cover. The hole is a remnant of the earlier usage of the board before it was adjusted to the cover of the manuscript. This suggests that the front cover was used for a different purpose previously.</div><div>The dendrochronological dating indicated different origins for the cover boards. The ring series of the front cover are similar to oak chronologies from north-central Poland, while the back-cover oak has most probably grown somewhere in western Latvia/Lithuania.</div><div>The dendrochronological study was compared with strontium isotope analysis of the boards. Strontium isotope analysis interpreted using a modelling approach supports the likelihood that the wood of the front cover grew in the region around the Lower Vistula River and the back cover grew in western Latvia/Lithuania. Detailed baseline maps for these regions are missing but this study on few items has nevertheless yielded very interesting results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 52-61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining geometric and photometric 3D reconstruction techniques for cultural heritage","authors":"Antoine Laurent ,&nbsp;Benjamin Coupry ,&nbsp;Baptiste Brument ,&nbsp;Jean Mélou ,&nbsp;Yvain Quéau ,&nbsp;Carole Fritz ,&nbsp;Jean-Denis Durou","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There are mainly two families of photographic 3D reconstruction techniques. Photogrammetry techniques work according to the principle of triangulation, from the matching of different views, while photometric techniques link the appearance of a 3D point to the orientation of its normal, relative to that of the incident light. While photogrammetry allows to find the global shape of a 3D scene, if it is sufficiently textured, photometric techniques highlight the details of the relief, as long as the model linking the lighting to the shape and reflectance of the scene is sufficiently realistic. In this work, we compare these different approaches with some others in the context of reconstructing archaeological features. After discussing their advantages and disadvantages, we describe a promising new method combining both families in a multi-view, multi-lighting context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning by modelling in H-BIM environment to develop a framework for restoration. Application to the stone cladding of Casa delle Armi of Luigi W. Moretti in Rome","authors":"Giuseppe Angileri ,&nbsp;Alessandra Cernaro ,&nbsp;Marco Ferrero ,&nbsp;Ornella Fiandaca","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The approach to architectural restoration within a BIM environment, i.e. the so-called H-BIM, although now essentially mandatory, still presents application challenges and methodologies that are not yet fully recognised. In this context, the restoration of Modern architecture is of particular interest, given the relative proximity in time of the construction of the buildings and the specific deterioration problems that these constructions typically face in an accelerated form.</div><div>The use of digital tools, which such modelling entails, not only effectively supports the restoration process, but also significantly interacts with the study and knowledge of the building.</div><div>This article focuses on the increase in knowledge associated with the modelling process. The aim is to demonstrate how the understanding of the building necessary for creating the model (learning to model), in addition to external bibliographical or documentary sources, as well as survey and in situ analysis, is increased the modelling activity itself, according to a process of “learning by modelling”.</div><div>The methodological proposal is presented and applied on a particularly significant case study: the “Casa delle Armi”, a building designed in Rome by the architect Luigi W. Moretti in 1933–36, during the Fascist regime. The building is entirely clad in thin slabs of Carrara marble. This marble cladding was the first and archetype of many similar applications carried out in the same years, and has suffered considerable deterioration, for which a particularly complex restoration process is currently underway.</div><div>In this article, the procedure used to obtain a historicised H-BIM model of the façade is described and discussed, as well as the advantages and the challenges associated with modelling. Furthermore, the limitations and possible developments of this approach are highlighted, emphasising the knowledge gained from the convergence of the two operational lines (learning to model and learning by modelling).</div><div>In the appendix, a brief reconstruction of the life phases of the “Casa delle Armi” is provided, integrating the outlined method with documentary and bibliographical information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 28-42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domain generalization and punch mark classification","authors":"Wallace Peaslee ,&nbsp;Lucy Wrapson ,&nbsp;Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Punch tools were used to mechanically make decorative impressions—called punch marks—on gold ground paintings, becoming particularly widespread in Italy during the 14th and 15th centuries. Punch tools were frequently reused for multiple paintings, sometimes from different workshops, and the impressions they leave behind support a variety of art-historical investigations by evidencing workshop practices, attribution, contemporary connections, and more. In particular, classifying punch marks in paintings enables comparisons with extensive indices that were created by art historians/conservators Erling S. Skaug and Mojmír Frinta over the course of several decades.</div><div>In this paper, we explore the potential of automated methods for punch mark classification. As in most image analysis tasks, deep neural networks are state of the art. Indeed, convolutional neural networks can produce highly accurate classification results, but often falter when confronted with images from paintings not represented in the training data. This is a particularly relevant problem in cultural heritage applications such as punch mark classification, where the size of training sets is typically small. For this reason, we have explored domain generalization methods, which aim to maximize accuracy on some target domain (images from a painting unseen in training data) using various source domains (images from paintings used for training). We find that, despite their promise, domain generalization methods (with explicit domain labels) unfortunately often offer little advantage over baseline convolutional neural networks (without explicit domain labels).</div><div>Our results provide insight on the capacity and limitations of several off-the-shelf deep learning methods to automatically classify punch marks. Conversely, the structure and the challenges of punch mark images provide an interesting test case for insight on domain generalization methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 226-236"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ours Elsevier","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1296-2074(25)00041-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1296-2074(25)00041-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Page iii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-energy computed tomography for non-destructive characterization of pigments in cultural heritage","authors":"Stevan Vrbaški ,&nbsp;Maja Gajic-Kvascev ,&nbsp;Daniela Korolija Crkvenjakov ,&nbsp;Olivera Nikolić ,&nbsp;Aleksandar Spasić ,&nbsp;Una Molnar ,&nbsp;Olivera R. Klisurić","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of works of art (artifacts) requires non-destructive techniques that offer both morphological and material characterization. In this study, we show how Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) could be used to characterize natural pigments (<em>e.</em>g<em>.,</em> lead white, red lead, cinnabar, red ochre, etc.) in the painting layer of an18th-century icon.</div><div>Image acquisition was performed on a clinical single-energy multi-slice CT scanner using four different X-ray tube potentials at 80, 100, 120, and 140 kV. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis was performed to validate material characterization results obtained from DECT.</div><div>The optimal pair of X-ray tube potentials was found to be 80 and 120 kV, considering the maximum separation of the four regions of interest in two-dimensional Hounsfield units (HU) histogram space. Using lead white and cinnabar as a decomposition basis, maps of lead-based and mercury-based pigments were created from the dual energy (80 and 120 kV) CT scans using the material decomposition method. The obtained results were successfully validated against EDXRF measurements. The material maps were then used to analyse red pigments, <em>i.e.,</em> distinguish red ochre and cinnabar pigments and exclude the presence of red lead from selected regions within the icon.</div><div>The examination of the icon showed the new potential of the presented technique to provide valuable material composition information for the conservation and preservation study of artifacts while maintaining their integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}