Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"New insights into the trade of glass beads along the Silk Road: Analysis of glass beads from Shengjindian, Xinjiang","authors":"Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Wen ,&nbsp;Zihan Wang ,&nbsp;Long Wang ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shengjindian site, located in Turpan, Xinjiang, Northern China, occupies a key position at the crossroads of the Tianshan Mountain and the Tarim Basin Oasis corridors. Over 300 glass beads unearthed from the site's cemetery have been categorized into nine assemblies, dating back to the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC.-8 A.D.). Provenance analysis of these beads has revealed significant insights into the scale and complexity of the Silk Road trade during this period. Representative glass beads (78 samples) were selected for chemical compositional and microstructural analyses, identifying three chemical groups: soda-lime glass, potash glass, and lead barium glass. The soda-lime and potash glass primarily originated from Central Asia and India-Pakistan, while the lead barium glass was exclusively linked to the Central Plains of China. Microstructural analysis reveals most samples are drawn beads, with some metal foil glass beads. A unique “imitating turquoise glass bead” type was also identified for the first time. Additionally, some assemblies contain glass beads of diverse chemical compositions from different cultural regions, suggesting a distinctive beading trade pattern in Xinjiang. Bead traders from diverse regions transported glass beads to Xinjiang, where local residents personalized the bead assembly based on individual preferences. These findings highlight Xinjiang as a hub of the Silk Road and provide new insights into further understanding of the cultural exchange and trade networks associated with glass beads in Xinjiang, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt weathering of antique Dutch ceramic tiles","authors":"T. Chekai ,&nbsp;R. Wijnhorst ,&nbsp;P. Sénéchal ,&nbsp;D. Grégoire ,&nbsp;N. Shahidzadeh ,&nbsp;H. Derluyn","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt crystallization poses a significant threat to cultural heritage. We focus on understanding salt weathering in antique Dutch tiles, a composite layered material composed of a clay body and a ceramic glaze. Physico-mechanical properties of those tiles were quantified. The role of salt nature and glaze configuration (intact and crazed) in the weathering process were visualized and compared during several wetting-drying cycles by using different techniques such as X-ray tomography, SEM imaging, and confocal profilometry. Physico-mechanical properties are found to be mostly alike for intact and crazed tiles. Both sodium chloride and sodium sulfate contamination lead to the accumulation of salt, but with different accumulation patterns. While sodium chloride precipitation can be found throughout the entire clay body, sodium sulfate precipitation accumulates near the interface between the glaze and the clay body at the corners where the evaporation is the highest. Subsequently, damage in the form of cracks crossing the clay body and the glaze leads to material detachment. Sodium sulfate is particularly damaging during the rewetting cycles prior to drying due to the formation of the hydrated phase mirabilite. Conservation treatments based on the use of liquid water should thus be avoided on sodium sulfate contaminated tiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 121-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration and preservation of severely embrittled and curled historical photographs by glycerol triglycidyl ether emulsion","authors":"Jiaojiao Liu ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Dong ,&nbsp;Junchang Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Chen ,&nbsp;Qingmeng Xu ,&nbsp;Ran Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Historical photographs are an important category of cultural heritage and present a wealth of historical information. Unfortunately, these photographs are suffering from brittle curling, folding, and fracturing diseases, the previous strategies can correct mildly curled photographs but are inapplicable to severely brittle and extensively curled photographs. This study developed a new method based on the synergistic effects of the molecular plasticisation, cross-linking, and shaping of glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE) to toughen, flatten, and restore embrittled and curled historical photographs. First, the effects of GTE treatment on the shrinkage and curl resistance of gelatine-based photographic films were evaluated at the macro and micro levels under accelerated humid-heat ageing conditions. Next, spectrophotometry and MATLAB calculations were used to characterise the colour difference, surface light absorption, and grey value of photographs before and after GTE treatment. Comprehensive evaluation revealed that GTE treatment combined with traditional craft techniques could successfully realise the plasticisation, flattening, restoration, and conservation of severely curled historical photographs. A storage apparatus for keeping the restored historical photographs was also devised. This study focuses on a typical practical case for the restoration, conservation, and durable preservation of curled gelatine-based historical photographs and offers theoretical and technical support for the conservation of these valuable historical artefacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 104-111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘TourGIStized’: A tool for assessing the physical impacts of overtourism on heritage areas. Its application to Seville","authors":"José-Manuel Romero-Ojeda ,&nbsp;Benito Sánchez-Montañés ,&nbsp;Flaviano Maria Lorusso","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to establish new strategies for heritage protection through the development of a tool to assess the impact of overtourism on the architectural, urban and heritage elements that are fundamental to the historic centres of medium-sized European cities. Building on methodologies for managing tourism impacts, initially studied in the city of Florence, a new complex, geo-referenced database is applied and subsequently tested on the city of Seville. This database contains information on tourist activity and its relationship with building and heritage assets. The analysis of tourist data alongside information on the buildings, heritage and urban space included in the study area makes it possible to identify and manage the conflicts arising from tourist activity which impact the architectural, urban form and historic urban landscape dynamics in this area. By controlling these phenomena, a more sustainable urban life and tourism is encouraged. To facilitate access for scholars and public administration, this information is accessible for consultation through a set of interactive maps available via the ArcGIS StoryMaps interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143273409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EnsArtNet: Ensemble neural network architecture for identifying art styles from paintings","authors":"Anzhelika Mezina,&nbsp;Radim Burget","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The digitization of paintings offers many benefits and opportunities for artists, collectors, and the public. It opens possibilities for researchers to investigate new hidden patterns that were not obvious to experts before. This work aims to develop a methodology that can identify and compare painting styles from various famous painters, such as Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Claude Monet, and others, using an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN). Our approach, named EnsArtNet, can distinguish between the styles of the artists’ paintings with high accuracy and objectively measure the similarity with the other artists’ styles. The proposed model was compared to several other state-of-the-art neural network architectures, and we show that EnsArtNet performs better than the compared one. Our model gives promising accuracy on two large-scale datasets: 84.93% on the WikiArt dataset and 86.65% on the Best Artworks of All Time dataset, which is better by more than 6% compared to other evaluated architectures. In this work, we also showed that a complex neural network architecture is efficient in this field of research, and an explanation using the GradCAM method supported it. Our methodology can help art researchers and enthusiasts analyze paintings’ stylistic features and similarities and appreciate the creativity and diversity of visual arts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-based experts’ knowledge visualization of cultural heritage: A case study of Terracotta Warriors","authors":"Siyi Li ,&nbsp;Yue Jiang ,&nbsp;Bowen Jing ,&nbsp;Liuyuxin Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advancements in 3D modeling, digital display technologies, and the growing availability of digital cultural heritage data have significantly improved the accuracy of heritage depictions and expanded opportunities for analysis. However, while many studies focus on presenting specific cultural heritage figurines, an often overlooked aspect is the visualization of the Terracotta Warriors as a unified entity. This involves concisely representing the distribution of features and their relationships, providing a clear and insightful presentation that engages practitioners, academics, and wider audiences. To tackle the challenges mentioned above, this research seeks to explore the application of AI methods in processing cultural heritage data. It aims to optimize and augment the dataset, analyze the distribution and relationships of various attributes, and interpret the analysis results through visualization techniques. The Terracotta Warriors, among China’s most significant cultural heritages and renowned for their abundance, exquisite workmanship, and magnitude, are chosen as a case study. The contribution of this paper is primarily twofold. Firstly, we constructed a dataset of Terracotta Warriors from Pit No. 1, detailing the attributes significant for identifying different Terracotta Warriors. Secondly, we employ various AI methods, such as generative adversarial network(GAN) and random forest, to process and analyze these attributes, followed by visualizing the analysis results for an intuitive presentation. This study introduces a novel scheme for presenting information on a collection of cultural relics, offering a practical case for analyzing and visualizing the Terracotta Warriors’ attributes as a whole entity, rather than showcasing individual relics’ information in isolation. This approach can be applied to other cultural heritage artifacts, such as Chinese ceramics, and supports further multidisciplinary research, including AI-based cultural heritage analysis, processing, and presentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analytical techniques for the study of composite waterproof caulking materials used on the Nanhai Ⅰ ancient shipwreck of the Southern Song Dynasty","authors":"Aoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Haiyue Hou ,&nbsp;Jing Du ,&nbsp;Li Luo ,&nbsp;Muhammad Qamer Abbas ,&nbsp;Naisheng Li ,&nbsp;Dawa Shen ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Du","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“Nianliao” is an organic-inorganic composite material historically employed in ancient Chinese wooden ship construction for gap filling and waterproofing. This study examines two types of Nianliao samples from the Nanhai I shipwreck of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127–1279 CE): fiber-containing Nianliao and pure putty Nianliao. The objective of this research is to develop a systematic analytical method for this ancient composite material, thereby uncovering the production techniques and characteristics of historical Chinese waterproofing caulking materials. To analyze the organic components of Nianliao, we introduced a novel and rapid method utilizing ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-QTOF/MS). This approach facilitates the direct analysis of fatty acids in Nianliao samples without derivatization, successfully isolating and identifying various free fatty acids and their oxidation products. Based on these findings, we infer that tung oil constitutes the organic component of the Nianliao samples. Additionally, the study elucidates the composition, aging characteristics, and interactions of Nianliao components through complementary instrumental analytical techniques. Inorganic compounds were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). These analyses revealed that the primary inorganic component was calcium carbonate, formed through lime carbonation. Calcium salts of fatty acids were also detected, indicating a reaction between tung oil and lime that facilitated the integration of organic and inorganic components. Fibers present in some samples were analyzed based on their longitudinal and transverse morphological characteristics and identified as hemp fibers. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry (DSC-TG) was employed for quantitative analysis. This analysis revealed significant differences in organic content between the two types of Nianliao samples, which influenced their microstructural properties. Specifically, the fiber-containing Nianliao samples exhibited a denser microstructure and contained approximately four times more tung oil compared to the pure putty Nianliao samples. This research provides novel insights and methodologies for analyzing organic compounds in archaeological contexts. It establishes a scientific foundation for the restoration and archaeological study of ancient wooden shipwrecks and contributes to the development of effective conservation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143273410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying ancient Egyptian copper-alloy objects via X-ray diffraction and Machine Learning","authors":"G. Festa ,&nbsp;C. Caliri ,&nbsp;M. Botticelli ,&nbsp;C.G. Fatuzzo ,&nbsp;E. Ferraris ,&nbsp;J. Auenmüller ,&nbsp;D.P. Pavone ,&nbsp;G. Privitera ,&nbsp;C. Scatigno ,&nbsp;C. Miliani ,&nbsp;F.P. Romano","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper reports a novel approach to studying the manufacturing techniques of ancient Egyptian metal objects. The study approach was performed on 12 copper-alloy objects, the majority of which are metal vessels. They were part of the burial assemblage of the Theban Tomb (TT) 8, belonging to the ‘overseer of works at the Great Place’ Kha and his wife Merit, that was found undisturbed in 1906 in Western Thebes (Egypt). The funerary assemblage, dating to the mid-18th Dynasty (ca. 1425–1352 BCE) is currently kept at Museo Egizio, Turin (Italy). The investigation aimed to gather further information regarding the manufacturing processes and methods that were employed to produce the copper-alloy objects selected for analysis. The bronze vessels and stands are among the best and most sophisticated metal artefacts from New Kingdom Egypt in terms of their technology and preservation. Here, non-destructive and non-invasive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data is reported, and X-ray diffraction is coupled with machine learning which allows one to define specific data clusters that are compared with the overall role of the objects from a historical perspective and its macroscopic features. We identified four main groups as a function of the metalworking methods, spanning from highly homogeneous microscopic structures induced by a high thermal treatment such as annealing to extremely nonhomogeneous microscopic structures compatible with cold metalworking. This classification from a microscopic point of view is successfully integrated with a macroscopic classification by shape, demonstrating a particular processing method for each intended design type and use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 48-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating archaeological sites by seriation","authors":"Elisa Crabu ,&nbsp;Caterina Fenu ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Giuseppa Tanda","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seriation is an ordering problem which consists of determining the best ordering of a set of correlated units, whose relationship is defined by a bipartite graph. It has several applications in different fields, like genetics, anthropology, archaeology and psychology. Our application deals with the relative dating of archaeological sites based on the characteristics of parietal engravings found in them. Our interest lies mainly in the <em>Domus the Janas</em>, Neolithic burial sites typical of Sardinia, Italy. Two matrices, derived from the available data, give information about the similarity among the units. A well known seriation method is applied to them. Due to its formulation, the seriation algorithm employed produces in some cases a solution which does not appear to be completely satisfying. So we propose an approach to improve the quality of the solution, based on a quality indicator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive stability evaluation method integrating similarity analysis, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis and its application in Cave 32, the North Grotto Temple, China","authors":"Xulei Chen ,&nbsp;Lihui Li ,&nbsp;Beixiu Huang ,&nbsp;Jingke Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.12.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grotto temples are rock-cut architecture originally constructed for religious purposes. These caves, carved in cliffs, have been eroded by natural forces and destroyed by human activities over an extended period. Accurate stability assessment serves as the foundation for the preventive protection of the caves. However, an integrated evaluation system has not been developed to date due to diverse variations in the mechanisms of disease formation, influencing factors, material properties, and structural characteristics. In this paper, we proposed a comprehensive stability assessment method for grottoes, integrating similarity analysis, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. The methodology comprises four key steps: (i) We collected essential attribute parameters related to grotto stability from representative grottoes in China to establish a database. Through similarity calculation of these control parameters between the research object and database, a distance discrimination model incorporating expert experience was trained for the cave's initial and rapid stability grading; (ii) Establishment of a refined 3D numerical model of the cave based on point cloud data obtained through laser scanners and UAV, and numerical analysis to determine the stress and displacement distribution and identify potential failure zones; (iii) the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) further was employed for quantitative calculations of stability factor of vulnerable zones revealed by numerical modeling; (iv) Methodology comparison and discussion to obtain the comprehensive results. The established procedure has been successfully applied in Cave 32 of the North Grotto Temple in China, which demonstrates its potential as a pioneering framework for the precise evaluation of similar cases, contributing to the preservation of stone cultural relics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"72 ","pages":"Pages 24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143274161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}