Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of the impacts of climate change on a world heritage site in Greece","authors":"Anna Antoniou ,&nbsp;George Tsegas ,&nbsp;Nicolas Moussiopoulos ,&nbsp;Nicolaos Theodossiou","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is exacerbating the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, threatening cultural heritage sites. This research focuses on the Dion monument in Pieria, Greece, a significant cultural heritage site historically affected by severe rainfall. Trends in temperature and precipitation over both historical (1971–2000) and future (2021–2100) periods are analyzed through extreme climate indices analysis, using data from the Coordinated Downscaling Experiment for European Domain (EURO<img>CORDEX) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emissions scenario. Historical analysis provides a baseline for past climate variability, while future projections reveal emerging cultural heritage risks. This analysis identifies critical climate risks, such as rising temperatures and an increased frequency of intense rainfall events that contribute to flooding. To achieve high-resolution insights into extreme rainfall dynamics, dynamical downscaling is applied using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with the Advanced Research WRF dynamic solver (WRF-ARW). By simulating the 2017 Medicane in Greece, the model demonstrates its efficacy in capturing complex precipitation phenomena at a fine spatial scale (1 km resolution). The integration of extreme climate indices analysis for long-term trend assessment with dynamical downscaling for event-specific simulations provides a comprehensive assessment of climate-induced hazards, facilitating the development of informed conservation and risk management strategies aimed at safeguarding cultural heritage sites under evolving climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 498-509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-based digitization of historical built heritage documentation","authors":"Nedim Tuno ,&nbsp;Goran Marinković ,&nbsp;Admir Mulahusić ,&nbsp;Jusuf Topoljak ,&nbsp;Dušan Kogoj ,&nbsp;Simona Savšek","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A significant portion of architectural heritage documents remains in analog form. Consequently, there is a genuine risk of permanent loss of invaluable data due to potential hazards such as fires, floods, earthquakes, wars, etc., primarily because digital copies of these documents do not exist. This research showcases the significant potential of mobile phone cameras for digitizing paper drafts of historical buildings. A good-quality electronic copies of paper records were obtained using photo stitching technology and an effective method for eliminating geometric distortions from the resulting mosaics. This approach offers a cost-effective and accessible alternative to traditional digitization methods, which typically rely on expensive large-format scanners and specialized overhead cameras. The described methodology provides an efficient solution for the relatively quick and reliable conversion of original documents into digital formats. Utilizing widely available low-cost hardware and software, this approach aims to ensure the permanent protection and availability of archival material for various research purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 409-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best selection of adhesive for restoration of archaeological glasses through the modal analysis of its acoustic and vibrational response","authors":"Lamberto Tronchin ,&nbsp;Antonella Bevilacqua ,&nbsp;Silvia Ferucci","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The success of conservation related to archaeological glass depends on several factors, including the techniques used and the types of adhesives applied during the reconstruction process. This paper investigates the characteristics of glass conservation by using glass produced with techniques developed by ancient Romans and analysing the modal response of the vibrating surface under airborne and vibrational perspectives. In particular, the conservation process of archaeological glass has been explored, encompassing steps such as cleaning, debris removal. Adhesive usually employed in glass conservation have been tested in many ways (accelerate ageing, cohesion power, etc.) but they were never tested for their vibrational behaviour. Acoustic and vibrational measurements were carried out to scientifically evaluate the performance of two types of adhesives selected from a range of products available on the market. The measurements were conducted under three specific scenarios: (1) on intact glass before any intervention, (2) after a fracture repaired using Araldite® resin 2020 Huntsman, and (3) after a fracture using epoxy resin (Hxtal Nyl-1) B. The results were processed using the transfer function and the cross-correlation of vibrational and airborne values, focusing on the intensity of acoustic radiation (IAR). The findings indicate that the first adhesive B outperforms adhesive A, as the values of the resonance peaks related to the restored glass are closer to the peaks related to the glass measured before the rupture. The tests were performed on a perfect replica of a roman glass made with experimental archaeology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 426-433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of storage conditions on the preservation of taphonomically altered human skeletal remains: Insights from ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and DNA analysis","authors":"Tamara Leskovar ,&nbsp;Ivan Jerman ,&nbsp;Irena Zupanič Pajnič","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preservation of skeletonised human remains is crucial for successful archaeological and forensic analyses, yet it is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While numerous studies have addressed preservation states and their implications, the effects of storage conditions on taphonomically altered remains have been largely overlooked. This study examines the impact of storage conditions—freezer and room temperature—on bone samples from 21 femur shafts excavated from a World War II mass grave over a period of 1, 2, and 3 years. Changes were analysed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and DNA analysis to explore correlations between molecular alterations and DNA preservation.</div><div>Results demonstrate that storage conditions significantly affect bone preservation. Freezer storage showed minimal degradation, primarily characterised by changes in mineral crystallinity due to the loss of loosely bound ions, while collagen quality improved initially, likely due to molecular reordering. In contrast, room-temperature storage accelerated both mineral and collagen deterioration, with pronounced effects on collagen quantity and quality correlating with increased crystallinity and apatite domain proportions. DNA quality and quantity exhibited similar trends under both conditions, though correlations with mineral and collagen changes varied by storage environment.</div><div>Over three years, freezer storage mitigated degradation by limiting mineral and collagen loss, whereas room-temperature storage accelerated changes, especially in collagen. These findings highlight the importance of controlled storage conditions, as significant molecular and structural alterations were observed within a relatively short period. This has important implications for the long-term preservation of forensic and archaeological samples, emphasising the need for appropriate storage strategies to ensure sample integrity for future analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 371-381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143885992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect on the deacidification performance of paper by the synergism of fluorocarbon solvents","authors":"Delong Chen ,&nbsp;Min Yao ,&nbsp;Ming Gui ,&nbsp;Yan Shen ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Liu ,&nbsp;Chengfei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By blending multiple solvents, a deacidification solution that balances cost and performance can be achieved. However, the high inertness of fluorinated organic solvents acts as a double-edged sword—while preventing fiber degradation, it also hinders researchers from making improvements. In this study, a deacidification suspension with synergistic intermolecular interactions was prepared using nano-magnesium oxide (3 g/L) as the deacidifying agent and two cost-effective fluorocarbon solvents, perfluorobutyl methyl ether (PFM) and perfluorohexanone (PFH). The dispersion stability of nano-MgO in these solvents was investigated by comparing them with the Bookkeeper deacidification solution. The pH, alkaline reserve, and tensile strength of paper were measured before and after deacidification, as well as before and after dry-heat aging. The effects of solvents on different ink compositions and color changes were examined, and the mechanism of solvent synergy was analyzed through molecular electrostatic potential surface calculations. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to evaluate the effects of deacidification on paper properties. The results demonstrated that the deacidification solution prepared with the mixed PFM and PFH solvents significantly improved the dispersion of nano-MgO, enhanced its penetration depth into the paper cross-section, and achieved a more uniform surface distribution, all without compromising the paper's physical and chemical properties. The stability of the deacidification solution was maintained for up to 4 h, and when the PFH content reached 75 %, the deacidified paper exhibited a maximum pH of 8.21 and an alkaline reserve of 0.709 mol/kg, with only a 2 % change in tensile strength compared to untreated paper. After dry-heat aging, the reductions in pH, alkaline reserve, and tensile strength were all below 17 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of archeological heritage exposure to wildfires through simulation techniques. A study case in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)","authors":"Laura Alonso ,&nbsp;Thais Rincón ,&nbsp;Juan Picos ,&nbsp;Julia Armesto","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wildfires are one of the most prevalent hazards to which archeological sites are exposed. Wildfire regimes are expected to intensify in coming years in terms of frequency, severity and burn area, leading to an increased number of extreme wildfire events. In this context, it is essential to develop strategies for protecting cultural heritage from fires. These strategies involve exposure assessments which take inventories of cultural assets and evaluate how they would be impacted by fires. This study presents a workflow for analyzing the exposure of archeological assets to wildfires when these assets are dispersed throughout a landscape. In this study, a forested landscape with 692 granite-based cultural-heritage elements (mainly petroglyphs and dolmens) was analyzed. The workflow uses a wildfire simulation software that predicts variables related to wildfire behavior. In the study area, a total of 355 systematically distributed ignition points were simulated for both typical and atypical meteorological conditions. The output values analyzed were the flame length (FL), the rate of spread (ROS) and the fireline intensity (FLI), all variables related to the damage that the cultural elements could incur and to the feasibility of fire control. Outputs were analyzed in the immediate surroundings of archeological elements, deemed the <em>paleointerface</em> area. Additionally, simulations were also performed with virtual modifications to the vegetation structure in the <em>paleointerface</em> areas to determine whether this type of fire management strategy could help reduce the exposure of these elements to wildfires. Different behaviors were encountered in typical and atypical meteorological conditions. In typical conditions, controlling a fire would be nearly impossible in 53 % of the total <em>paleointerface</em> area. In atypical conditions, this was the case for 100 % of the <em>paleointerface</em> area. This reveals the great exposure of these archeological elements to wildfires, even in typical conditions, and indicates that fire management strategies are needed to protect them. The different results obtained also highlight the importance of considering both meteorological situations when performing exposure assessments. The results of the modified-vegetation-structure simulation revealed that fire management strategies focused on decreasing the height of shrubs, in shrub areas, and of the understory, in forested areas, can help to reduce wildfire exposure in both typical and atypical meteorological conditions. Finally, this workflow represents a tool that fulfills essential parts of a fire management plan: exposure analysis, emergency preparedness, and the design of fire reduction strategies. Specifically, this is a tool for prioritizing elements in need of management in landscapes with abundant scattered archeological elements where executing comprehensive preventive actions, although ideal, is not affordable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 336-346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From logwood to brazilwood: A chemometric approach to classifying wood-derived dyes in artworks","authors":"Izabela Anna Nasilowska,&nbsp;Katarzyna Pawlak,&nbsp;Katarzyna Lech","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood-derived mordant dyes from Asia and America have historically been used to produce textiles in a wide range of colors, including yellow, red, blue, and black. While high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with spectrophotometry and tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI MS/MS) is commonly used to analyze natural dyes, the accurate identification of these wood sources – especially the various red wood dyes collectively known as <em>brazilwood</em> due to their similar molecular compositions – continues to pose a significant challenge. In this study, we analyzed chromatographic data from a total of 108 extracts of natural fibers (wool and silk) that were first treated with five different mordants (along with unmordanted samples), and then dyed with wood-derived dyes: logwood (<em>Haematoxylum campechianum</em> L.), peachwood (<em>Haematoxylum brasiletto</em> H.Karst.), pernambuco (<em>Paubrasilia echinata</em> Lam.), and sappanwood (<em>Biancaea sappan</em> Tod.). Chemometric tools, including principal component analysis (PCA) and heat maps, were employed to develop an analytical model for distinguishing these dyes. Through MS/MS, 68 compounds were characterized in the extracts, leading to the successful identification of 21 markers, including sappanchalcone, sappanone B, hematoxylone B, protosappanin C, hematoxylol C, caesalpin J, sappanone A, protosappanin B, hematoxylol B, brazilein, hematein, hydroxybrazilein, hydroxyhematein, urolithins, protosappanin D, protosappanin E, and hematoxylol E. The impact of historical samples (threads from 16th- and 17th-century European textiles) on the chemometric results was also examined. This study provides a foundation for developing a model to detect wood-derived dyes in historical textiles, enhancing the understanding of historical dye practices and paving the way for future research into identifying species of red wood dyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 325-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated analysis of Slavic buried settlements based on LiDAR point cloud, UAV and image processing","authors":"Klaudia Pasternak,&nbsp;Anna Fryśkowska-Skibniewska","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a methodology for automated analysis of settlements structures is proposed for research in cultural heritage. The proposed automatic, accurate and efficient method for detecting fortified settlements is based on laser scanning data obtained from Airborne and UAV laser scanning systems. Firstly, the method of automated detection of settlement structures based on the Digital Elevation Model generated from point clouds that were obtained from various altitudes is discussed. The index that determined the extraction of settlements was the shape factor determined for the detected objects. This index enabled to eliminate objects that were not fortified settlements. Secondly, the methodology of extracting vertical terrain profiles from the Digital Elevation Model was proposed, for the objects that had been detected at the first stage of detection. Moreover, points that constitute local maxima and create the contour of the settlement were determined for the generated terrain profiles. The effectiveness of the methodology was assessed based on actual historical settlement structures, i.e. settlements consisting of one or two elements, located in Poland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 305-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delamination of wax-resin linings in oil paintings: Visualization and analysis using infrared active thermography and terahertz time-domain imaging","authors":"Saki Kunikata ,&nbsp;Yuko Tsuchiya ,&nbsp;Kaori Fukunaga","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wax-resin linings, which were widely used in the 20th century to reinforce oil paintings on canvas, are no longer commonly used owing to material-related issues. Although many treated artworks remain well-preserved, some exhibit delamination in the lining, a challenge with mechanisms underexplored. Gaining a deeper understanding of this phenomenon is essential to guide restoration efforts. This study investigates delamination in wax-resin linings using advanced nondestructive testing methods to visualize and assess its extent. Active infrared thermography with pulsed phase thermography (PPT) and terahertz time-domain imaging (THz-TDI), validated in previous mockup studies, were applied to museum artworks to assess their potential. Three oil paintings on canvas, exhibiting suspected delamination in their wax-resin linings, were selected as case studies from the collections of the University Art Museum, Tokyo University of the Arts, and the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo. Imaging results from PPT and THz-TDI, combined with traditional manual examinations, i.e., visual inspection and palpation, provided insights into delamination and its contributing factors. These findings from the three case studies indicate that the key factors contributing to delamination include unevenness on the painting’s reverse side, such as bulges or hidden irregularities beneath seemingly flat paint layers, and inadequate or uneven adhesive impregnation. Other factors, including environmental conditions, may amplify these effects, and dynamic studies that track changes over time could further elucidate the delamination process. The measurement results indicate that the chosen method should align with the investigation’s specific objectives: PPT offers rapid identification of delaminated areas in near real-time, whereas THz-TDI provides detailed, cross-sectional visualizations critical for deeper analysis. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of early detection and continuous monitoring of delamination in wax-resin linings. Accurate assessment of these conditions enables conservators to implement more effective treatment strategies, ultimately improving the preservation of culturally significant artworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 295-304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deng entropy and LSTM neural network to classify built cultural heritage with severe damage","authors":"Aldo Ramírez-Arellano ,&nbsp;Edgar Mauricio Muñoz-Silva ,&nbsp;Mayra Antonio-Cruz ,&nbsp;Juan Irving Vasquez-Gomez","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an automatic approach for the 3D recognition of the structural state of uniquely built cultural heritage with severe and very severe damage. For this purpose, a 3D reconstruction (point cloud) mapped to voxels of built cultural heritage is used. Then, Deng entropy is computed for the resulting voxel map, and the corresponding information dimension is obtained by applying the box-covering method. The entropy and information dimension data sequences are combined into one sequence, called the Deng sequence. This is in order to quantify the occupied space in voxel map of built cultural heritage. Deng sequence is used as the input for a bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory neural network (bLSTMnn) to automatically classify the structural state of built cultural heritage. The main consideration is that few models of built cultural heritage are available due to their uniqueness. Hence, a small dataset created by authors using Computer-Aided Design tools is used for the training of the bLSTMnn. A cross-method is applied to validate the bLSTMnn. The proposed approach is successfully applied to recognize the current structural state of a unique Mexican cultural heritage building with very severe damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"73 ","pages":"Pages 286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}