Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Investigations on the acoustic response of two heritage buildings designed by Galli Bibiena and disappeared from history in the 18th century: The Nancy and Tajo opera theatres","authors":"Antonella Bevilacqua ,&nbsp;Lamberto Tronchin","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of melodrama during the 16th and 17th centuries brought the architects to the elaboration of a different variety of geometry for the main halls of opera theatres. Unfortunately, nowadays there are only a few theatres designed and built during the Baroque period since most of them are completely destroyed. The architectural investigations carried out on two case studies belonging to the Galli Bibiena family have been taken over for a complete acoustic assessment. The digital models related to the Nancy and Tajo opera theatres were built from the outcomes and discoveries on the historical resources consisting of drawings, sketches and general documents. The digital models were used for the acoustic simulations carried out on the main acoustic parameters that evaluate the quality of speech and music inside these two case studies. The simulated results indicate that the acoustic response in the Nancy and Tajo opera theatres is very similar to each other, although the small difference between the two theatres is mainly in function of the volume size rather than other architectural features. Overall, the simulated values are found within or closer to the optimal range set by the criteria, which support the assumption of speech and musical performances given in the royal palaces, the place in which they were erected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 302-311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiOx thin films on Portuguese limestone: An experimental study","authors":"Yufan Ding ,&nbsp;Sabrina Grassini ,&nbsp;Emma Angelini ,&nbsp;Nick Schiavon","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) of SiO_x thin films has been applied to the stone surface under laboratory conditions in order to assess its feasibility as an alternative method for stone protection. SiO_x thin layers were deposited on oolitic limestone lithologies known to have been used for the construction and restoration of the Batalha Monastery in Portugal surface by PECVD from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reaction precursor, in capacitively coupled parallel-plate reactor. The thickness, morphologies and chemical properties of the deposited film were characterized by attenuated total reflectance -Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM+EDS). Laboratory simulated decay and natural aging tests were implemented to evaluate the protective effect of the deposited micron-size SiO_x thin films. Results suggested that, due to the good barrier effect, SiO_x films were able to isolate the stones from aggressive acidic solution, thus reducing possible dissolution-related damage. Natural aging tests proved that SiO_x thin films were also able to inhibit to a high extent bio-colonization while, at the same time reducing soiling of the stone appearance. Durability and wetting property of this SiO_x thin film were preliminarily assessed. This research tested, for the first time, the feasibility of applying micron-size SiO_x film quickly and directly via cold plasma deposition and its versatile protection performance on carbonate stone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 281-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term electrochemical and biological study of archaeological iron-wood composite impregnated with 10 % PEG-200 solution","authors":"F.E. Belharcha ,&nbsp;M. Ebn Touhami ,&nbsp;Y. Baymou ,&nbsp;S. Msairi ,&nbsp;A. Ouazzani Touhami","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical and biological analyzes were carried out on iron-wood composite archaeological objects from the “KASBA-OUDAYA” site in Morocco in 10 % PEG-200 solutions. Electrochemical measurements of steel combined with wood were made possible thanks to a proposed steel-wood configuration, with characterization of the surfaces after natural aging tests focused on the steel-wood interface by scanning electron microscope. The Mohr and Nephelometric method allow the determination of chloride and sulfate ions. While the biological study is ensured by isolation and enumeration of strains. The results revealed that the presence of wood in the PEG-200 solution decreased the pH of the solution and accelerated corrosion of steel. At the interface, we observe the development of pitting corrosion zones. In addition, PEG-200 solutions constitute a favorable environment for the proliferation of microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using natural language processing to evaluate local conservation text: A study of 624 documents from 303 sites of the World Heritage Cities Programme","authors":"Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Luchen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preservation of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) at World Heritage sites, particularly in urban environments, faces significant challenges due to irreversible damage and lack of adequate attention. Analyzing local conservation documents is critical for assessing awareness of and compliance with OUV standards. Traditional evaluation methods, however, are resource-intensive and subject to inefficiencies and errors, particularly when dealing with large volumes of text. To address these issues, our study employs natural language processing (NLP) techniques to enhance both the size of the sample and the accuracy of the data, thereby enabling a more comprehensive analysis of conservation texts. We examined 624 documents from 303 pivotal sites in the World Heritage Cities Programme, analyzing multiple dimensions and sub-labels related to OUV. Our findings reveal distinct regional variations in OUV-related concerns, influenced by factors such as OUV pillars, criteria, document types, and revision frequencies. Additionally, our research highlights how disparities in wealth, size, industrial structure, and levels of scientific and educational development across different urban heritage contexts contribute to variations in conservation quality. This study provides an efficient and thorough methodology for reviewing local-level plans, which enhances the monitoring and protection of OUV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 259-270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From fragments to digital wholeness: An AI generative approach to reconstructing archaeological vessels","authors":"Lorenzo Cardarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing archaeological vessels from their fragments is a complex task that requires a long investment of time as well as in-depth knowledge of specific archaeological material. This paper proposes a framework based on generative artificial intelligence to reconstruct the entire vessel from a fragment. The proposed framework is based on a fragment simulation mechanism and the combination of three different deep learning models that position, reconstruct, and post-process the fragment to obtain a ready-to-use reconstruction. The method is applied as a case-study to a dataset of six Italian Bronze and Early Iron Age burial contexts, including about 4000 complete vessels and over 400 actual fragments. The results are evaluated using statistical metrics and expert human evaluation, showing promising results. The proposed method is a positive application of generative artificial intelligence in archaeology and provides a solution to the use of fragments in the digital and computational analysis of ceramics. The dataset, as well as the code used and the analytical pipeline, are fully available in the supplementary materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 250-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142437955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodamage prediction model and optimal lighting system for polychrome artworks in museum","authors":"Rui Dang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Hu ,&nbsp;Xiangqian Cai ,&nbsp;Ming Tang ,&nbsp;Longyan Tai ,&nbsp;Baoping Wang ,&nbsp;Fenghui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When lighting polychrome artworks in museum, the light sources are required not only to provide high-quality visual performance, but also to minimize the photodamage. Currently, though there are mature methods to calculate visual performance, how to predict the degree of photodamage remains a challenge, which leads to a lack of light sources satisfying both visual and protection requirements. Our study conducted a series of 294 accelerated aging experiments spanning over 11 years for materials commonly used in Chinese polychrome artworks, using isoenergetic white-light D₅₅ and 10 different wavelengths of narrow-band light as experimental light sources. The mathematical model predicting the photodamage degree caused by intensity (<em>I</em>), exposure time (<em>t</em>), the relative spectral power distribution of the light source (<em>S(λ)</em>), and the irradiated material's relative spectral responsivity (<em>P(λ)</em>) to polychrome artworks was established, and the mean absolute percentage error of the model, as verified by experiments, was 11.63 %. Combined with the existing visual performance calculation methods, an optimal lighting algorithm that simultaneously meets high-quality visual performance and minimum photodamage was developed, followed by developing a new Spectrally Tunable White LEDs (STWLEDs) lighting system with 10 LED chips. It is found that the STWLEDs can adjust and output the optimal spectra and recommended illuminance according to the characteristics of polychrome artworks, thus realizing lighting with minimum photodamage, meanwhile, satisfying high-quality visual performance. After testing, as well as satisfying the requirements of visual performance, the average photodamage is reduced by 40.95 % with STWLEDs compared with the traditional WLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of silk residue extraction agents: Evaluating efficiency and investigating structural impact","authors":"Jianghao Du ,&nbsp;Zhanyun Zhu ,&nbsp;Zixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Junchang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the effectiveness of five different types of extractants for unearthed silk fabric residues. Residual proteins are extracted from non-aged and thermally-aged samples, and the extraction efficiencies are quantified by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used for data processing, and sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy are adopted to characterize the influence of the extraction process on the protein structure. The results show that the extraction efficiency of the calcium-alcohol solution for all samples is significantly higher than that of the other four extractants. With longer aging time, the extraction efficiency of each extractant becomes lower, with copper-ethylenediamine (CED) being the least affected by aging. Furthermore, the lithium bromide (LiBr) and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) extraction processes exhibit the least effect on the molecular weight of the residual proteins in the non-aged samples. With increasing aging time, the influence of each extractant on the molecular weight of the residual proteins tends to be the same. The extraction process with calcium-alcohol solution retains more aromatic amino acid residues and yields proteins with a higher percentage of α-helic and random coil conformations. Therefore, it is more advantageous to use calcium-alcohol solution as an extractant for unearthed silk fabric residues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface characterization of Austrian daguerreotype portraits","authors":"Valentina Ljubić Tobisch ,&nbsp;Klaudia Hradil ,&nbsp;Karin Whitmore ,&nbsp;Christina Streli ,&nbsp;Peter Wobrauschek ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Kautek","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six daguerreotypes from Austrian collections dating from 1841 to 1850 were examined using digital light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and µ-X-ray fluorescence. This enabled the observation of corrosion states, surface features due to different production steps, possible conservation interventions and storage conditions. The morphology and size distribution of Ag-Hg and Au-Hg-Ag amalgam platelets and image nanoparticles were studied. The platelets ranged in diameter from 1 to 2 µm. The image particles featured a crystalline morphology with diameters of 200–400 nm. The Ag coating grain size was 40–160 nm. Long-term exposure of the daguerreotype surface to fingerprint sweat caused the transformation of local Ag surface areas into AgCl crystallites with sizes of the order of µm. interestingly, in two samples, the pupils of the eyes were scratched with a needle, which was intended to increase the three-dimensionality of the eyes. In one case, corrosion caused the Ag layer to detach from the copper substrate, creating a crater on the exposed Cu substrate surrounded by the intact Ag surface. In another case, a greenish corrosion product of basic Cu carbonate with increased volume occurred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 223-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of coatings for the protection of outdoor terracotta artworks through artificial ageing tests","authors":"S. Spadavecchia ,&nbsp;C. Chiavari ,&nbsp;F. Ospitali ,&nbsp;S. Gualtieri ,&nbsp;A.C. Hillar ,&nbsp;E. Bernardi","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Historical-artistic heritage, when located outdoor, is heavily targeted by deterioration phenomena such as weathering and air pollution. This is especially true for terracotta artefacts, as the medium porosity which characterizes them makes their damaging easier. Nevertheless, there is limited academic research on conservation strategies with regards to coatings. Consequently, the restoration of the carbonate terracotta sculpture known as “Muro del vento” (Wind Wall) by Domenico Matteucci has become the starting point for an experimental investigation carried out in order to evaluate the effectiveness and durability - for outdoor terracotta artworks - of an array of protective coatings. In this paper, four commercial protective coatings, recommended both for natural and artificial stones, were evaluated: a vinylidene-fluoride-hexafluoropropene copolymer at 3 % in acetone, an aqueous emulsion of alkylpolysiloxane, an aqueous dispersion of functionalized silica nanoparticles, and a nanostructured and functionalized silica gel in hydroalcoholic solution. Coated and uncoated representative calcium-rich terracotta specimens were subjected to two different accelerated ageing procedures: rain runoff test and climatic chamber exposure. Concurrently, a long-term outdoor exposure was set up.</div><div>The characterization of the specimens and the evaluation of the coating's performances were carried out through color, contact angles, water absorption and mass variation measurements, 3D digital microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Raman micro-Spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy in order to quantify calcium release in rain.</div><div>Overall, the proposed accelerated ageing procedures proved to be successful for evaluating effectiveness and durability of protective treatments on ceramic materials. Silicon-based coatings, especially nanostructured and functionalized silica gel, followed by alkylpolysiloxane emulsion, have been shown to be the most suitable coatings for outdoor terracotta artefacts, while the fluorinated coating did not provide adequate protection as it was not able to limit water absorption under runoff conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 213-222"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and application of affordable microclimate and indoor air quality monitoring platforms for historic libraries in cultural heritage preservation","authors":"Gabriele Ceres,&nbsp;Luca Shindler,&nbsp;Fulvio Mercuri,&nbsp;Ugo Zammit","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study deals with the development and application of innovative, low-cost devices designed to monitor indoor air quality in historical libraries which is fundamental for the preservation of historical items. Due to the complexity of managing multiple instruments, it is the thermo-hygrometric parameters that are usually monitored in historical libraries rather than the gaseous contaminants. Furthermore, these indoor environments often include users and staff who could potentially be disturbed by these monitoring activities. In this context, two compact and low-cost air quality platforms are presented. The first device was engineered to monitor multi-point temperature and relative humidity and the second was designed to monitor thermo-hygrometric parameters along with concentrations of key air quality pollutants (CO₂, NO_x, O₃, VOCs, and PM10). These devices were first tested and then trialed in two distinct conservation institutes in Rome, Italy: the Bibliotheca Angelica, and the Archive of the Institute for the History of the Italian Risorgimento. Each institute presented unique characteristics and challenges, offering a diverse range of environments for evaluating the effectiveness of the adopted technical solutions. The obtained data were also used to investigate the relationship between indoor and outdoor environments, which is crucial as it can indirectly affect the preservation of cultural heritage items inside historical libraries or archives. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the adopted low-cost technical solutions in providing valuable and reliable data for the preservation of cultural heritage, offering insights into the current state of the studied indoor environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"70 ","pages":"Pages 203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}