Journal of Cultural Heritage最新文献

{"title":"Land use and land cover analysis of cultural World Heritage to inform assessment of climate vulnerability","authors":"W.P. Megarry ,&nbsp;T. Venkatachalam ,&nbsp;J.C. Day ,&nbsp;S. Jain ,&nbsp;S.F. Heron","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The UNESCO World Heritage (WH) List contains cultural and natural properties deemed to be of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) to all humanity. Property boundaries should encompass all elements that contribute to the OUV of the property and be sufficient to protect the OUV from any natural or anthropogenic threats. Climate change-related hazards are impacting WH properties at multiple scales. In many cases, especially for slow onset hazards, existing boundaries are not sufficient to monitor and respond to change. In these cases, it can help to explore the wider landscape context. This paper considers the utility of standardised remote sensing land use and land cover (LULC) data to understand the high-level environmental classifications within and surrounding cultural and mixed WH properties. Of 11 LULC classes within the analysed dataset, 10 were present in at least one of the 49 properties in the Indian Subcontinent recognised for their cultural heritage, with the most common being Tree cover (≥5% of the area of 40 properties and/or their surrounds). Protection of cultural properties from climate-based impacts can benefit from LULC analysis by responding to known climate-related risks (e.g., flood, wildfire, etc.) on specific land cover classes. These risk profiles can be useful decision support tools for climate adaptation. The analysis is demonstrated for four case studies at three locations, using properties with a range of sizes and values. For example, trees in the broader landscape within and around Khangchendzonga National Park may encounter future impacts from temperature change (resulting in shifting biomes and changing phenology), precipitation changes (resulting in changes in rainfall and drought) and wind changes (resulting in storm damage). Each of those climate drivers increase the risk of wildfires. Additionally, LULC analysis provides valuable information on a property’s environmental context when inscribed boundaries are unknown. This study demonstrates that a systematic and reliable analysis of LULC data can provide a way to consider the broader environmental context of WH properties, complementing property values described in their Statements of OUV. However, the study also acknowledges key limitations to using LULC, including classification accuracy concerns and challenges with validation across diverse site types. Finally, this work complements a parallel thematic approach that categorises values from WH documentation to streamline assessment of climate impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 243-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two birds with one stone: The method for both surface protection and integral reinforcement of gypsum mortar in historic constructions","authors":"Ximan Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Zixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Fuwei Yang ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Manli Sun ,&nbsp;Yunxia Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gypsum mortar was widely used in many historic constructions. However, it is easy to be corroded by water from rain or damp. For the purpose of both surface protection and integral consolidation of the weathering gypsum mortar, a novel conservation method was explored in this study. The strategy is introducing the solutions of calcium hydroxy glycolate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate into the gypsum mortar one by one. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy were employed to study the action mechanism of the method. Mechanical strength, compatibility and weather resistance tests were used to investigate the protective performance. The highly positive results show that the proposed method has a broad prospect in the conservation of the gypsum mortar in the historical buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of strength characteristics of EICP-treated earthen site soil considering matric suction effects","authors":"Jianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenhao Xie ,&nbsp;Yue Dong ,&nbsp;Junjie Zheng ,&nbsp;Yu Song ,&nbsp;Guilin Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of hydraulic erosion degradation in Enzyme-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (EICP)-treated earthen site soil, with a specific focus on the Zhouqiao earthen site in Kaifeng. After conducting dry-wet (DW) cycles, tests were performed on matric suction, shear strength, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) on the improved soils at various concentrations of cementation solution (CS) ranging from 0 to 1.5 mol/L. Changes in hydraulic and strength properties before and after the DW cycles were measured. Detailed SEM and MIP analyses comparing microstructural evolution at different CS concentrations indicated that as CS concentration increases, matric suction, internal friction angle, cohesion, and shear strength initially rise and subsequently decline, with optimal performance observed at 1.0 mol/L. Based on the microanalytical data, we propose a model that describes the interaction among the calcium carbonate, water, and soil particle phases. Furthermore, using a modified Moore–Cullen model that incorporates the effects of matric suction, we propose a mechanism for strength deterioration in EICP-treated soils under varying water content conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 364-378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on anti-aging cultural paper using a combination of antioxidants and strengthening agents","authors":"Huiming Fan ,&nbsp;Yibin Lin ,&nbsp;Fengyu Li ,&nbsp;Jianan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper, as an important carrier of information, is widely used in fields such as books, magazines, newspapers, etc. Paper that serves to transmit information and preserve culture is commonly termed \"cultural paper\". To ensure the long-term preservation of cultural heritage, anti-aging treatment for cultural paper is essential. Unlike the predominantly acidic papermaking processes of the 20th century, modern cultural paper typically employs a milder alkaline method. This weakly alkaline environment effectively inhibits acidification-induced aging; consequently, the primary aging mechanism in these papers is oxidative degradation. The widely accepted cellulose auto-oxidation mechanism involves free radical reactions, wherein hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals play major roles. These radicals not only accelerate paper degradation but also compromise the effectiveness of strengthening agents. This study proposes a novel anti-aging strategy for cultural paper using a combination of antioxidants and strengthening agents. Results indicate that among four common cellulose derivative strengtheners, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) demonstrated the best reinforcing performance. When combined with antioxidants, a 0.08 % mass concentration mixture of tea polyphenol and sodium phytate (mass ratio 1:1) exhibited excellent free radical scavenging capability. Furthermore, this mixture effectively suppressed radical activity, significantly enhancing the durability of the CMC treatment without adversely affecting the paper's initial properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 294-305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient on-device damage segmentation for cultural heritage using pruning and knowledge distillation","authors":"Yunpeng Yue ,&nbsp;Hai Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Francesca da Porto ,&nbsp;Elisa Saler ,&nbsp;Jie Cui ,&nbsp;Marco Donà","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultural heritage (CH) buildings may suffer damage due to aging, and computer vision can help detect and aid protection measures. However, damage segmentation models for CH buildings still face challenges such as large parameter sizes, low computational efficiency, and limited model portability. This paper proposes a real-time embedded system to segment damage in CH building images based on a lightweight neural network and knowledge distillation. Firstly, an improved YOLOv8n-Ghost model is established, which incorporates the Ghost module and a pruning method to construct a lightweight network and reduce model redundancy while maintaining detection accuracy and segmentation performance. Secondly, a channel-wise knowledge distillation method is applied to enable the student model to learn from the teacher model and improve accuracy without increasing the number of network parameters. Finally, a CH building dataset including seven types of damage in CH buildings is constructed, and the established dataset is used to train and validate the deep learning model. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed damage segmentation model, trained on CH building images, achieves an average precision of 0.824 and can process a 512 × 512 image in 0.27 s (204 FPS). Fine-tuning effectively restores accuracy and reduces the model size to 2.94 MB after pruning. Moreover, knowledge distillation further enhances feature extraction ability, enabling accurate and real-time segmentation of various damage types, making the model suitable for UAV-based CH building inspections. Two case studies were conducted on a communal building and a Renaissance building in Padova, Italy, confirming the effectiveness of the trained algorithm. The proposed model was successfully deployed on an Android device, demonstrating accurate damage segmentation with high adaptability and efficient on-device processing capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 284-293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolidating and penetrating mechanisms of Ca/Mg/Si suspensions in treating earthen heritage surface","authors":"Huimei Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaoqing Bai ,&nbsp;Shiyu Shao ,&nbsp;Jiani Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As consolidating materials for the weathered surface of earthen heritage, Ca/Si (CS) and Ca/Mg/Si (CMS) cementing suspensions were prepared to comparatively investigate their particle stability, penetration, reinforcement efficacy, and resistance to weathering. The CMS system exhibits a “bimodal distribution dominated by micro-nano particles” in particle size, contributing to the enhanced stability of its suspension, as evidenced by the minimal concentration gradient change observed during static conditions. Furthermore, the formation of nano-scale spherical M-S-H gel within the CMS system facilitates its penetration into porous matrices. In comparison to CS, CMS suspensions demonstrate a 13∼15% increase in penetration depth and a 58∼69% expansion in diffusion area. Consequently, soil matrices reinforced with CMS suspensions exhibit improved surface hardness, water erosion resistance, and resilience against complex environmental degradation. These findings highlight the CMS system as a promising choice for the conservation and reinforcement of porous earthen structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 429-438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolidating tomb mural plaster layer with nanolime","authors":"Ming Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Ma ,&nbsp;Zhang He ,&nbsp;Jinghan Ding ,&nbsp;Xichen Zhao ,&nbsp;Encarnacion Ruiz-Agudo ,&nbsp;Carlos Rodriguez-Navarro ,&nbsp;Jinmeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuanhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mural paintings reflect valuable spiritual and cultural achievements of human civilizations and serve as crucial evidence for studying ancient customs, rituals, and clothing. However, deterioration of the mural plaster layer results in a decrease in the mural’s mechanical strength, thus posing a serious threat to its preservation. Nanolime (NL) is currently one of the most widely studied inorganic nanomaterials for the consolidation of cultural heritage in general, and mural paintings in particular, due to its excellent compatibility. However, there is limited research on the application of NL for consolidating the plaster layer of mural paintings. Here, we focus on ancient tomb mural paintings (ca. 1000 CE), investigating the consolidation performance of NL for its plaster layer. NL is homogeneously synthesized in the presence of additives and subjected to size-selection through centrifugation, yielding a narrowly distributed particle size of ∼40 nm—markedly smaller than the ∼180 nm obtained without centrifugation (NL-C). This novel NL is subsequently applied to the plaster layer of the tomb mural exhibiting limited impact on its pore structure and good penetration depth (1.2∼3.5 mm), which is significantly deeper than that observed in samples consolidated with NL-C (∼1 mm). More importantly, after consolidation with NL, the surface hardness of the plaster layer increases by ∼56 %, and the surface weight loss decreases by ∼67 %, demonstrating an effective consolidation performance. This study provides technical and methodological support for the application of NL in the preservation of ancient tomb murals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling layered legacies: A retrogressive method and GIS for mapping historical device distribution in the water-dependent landscape of the vistula delta","authors":"Jakub Kołodziejczak,&nbsp;Lucyna Nyka","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polders are particular territories where centuries-long land reclamation processes led to the emergence of highly anthropogenic landscapes with dikes, canals, ditches and drainage devices - windmills and pumping stations. The dependence on pumping action was visually evident in the landscape for many centuries, underscoring the identification of polders as both spatial concepts and balanced hydraulic systems. However, knowledge of the centuries-long locations of pumping devices in the Vistula Delta area as historic hydraulic components of landscape remains limited and is seldom incorporated into landscape planning procedures. The goal of this study is to present the process of unveiling the layered patterns of distribution of the historical drainage devices between the 18th and 21st centuries, and to advocate for the development of tools and procedures to facilitate the integration of this knowledge into heritage preservation and contemporary planning. The retrogressive method and geographic information technologies are applied for the investigation of the historic landscape components in the selected study area between the Tina and Balewka rivers in the Vistula Delta. The transfer of historic components of landscape - non-existent windmills and pump stations - as time-related layers in the GIS system enables the identification of most drainage windmills and other vanished drainage devices in an analysed case study area. This layered mapping made it possible to pinpoint locations where drainage windmills and historic pumping stations existed for centuries, strengthening the evidence for spatial continuity in drainage infrastructure.</div><div>The analysis demonstrates that the retrogressive method, when combined with GIS and historical cartographic analysis, allows for a precise reconstruction of the layered spatial distribution and historical transformation of drainage infrastructure in the Vistula Delta area. Key sites of ‘drainage technology heritage’ were identified in Różany and Markusy, where surviving landscape features and physical remnants testify to the long-term evolution of hydraulic systems. By representing these historical structures as GIS layers, the approach provides a systematic framework for integrating water management heritage into conservation and spatial planning practices. This approach addresses gaps in heritage documentation, promotes sustainable landscape management, and lays the groundwork for extending retrogressive mapping to broader areas, thereby enhancing the recognition, valorization, and preservation of the distinctive hydraulic and spatial heritage of the Vistula Delta area. The findings support the anchoring of planning solutions for the Vistula Delta polder areas in heritage values and extend an understanding of which elements require effective exposition and protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 37-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive characterisation of varnished modern paintings: comparative insights and conservation implications","authors":"Laura Homer ,&nbsp;Piotr Targowski ,&nbsp;Magdalena Kowalska ,&nbsp;Magdalena Iwanicka ,&nbsp;Francesca Rosi ,&nbsp;Laura Cartechini ,&nbsp;David Buti ,&nbsp;Haida Liang ,&nbsp;C.S. Cheung ,&nbsp;Florence Liggins ,&nbsp;Patrick Atkinson ,&nbsp;Raffaella Fontana ,&nbsp;Emma Vannini ,&nbsp;Irene Lunghi ,&nbsp;Georgios Karagiannis ,&nbsp;Theodoros Karagiannis ,&nbsp;Angelica Bartoletti ,&nbsp;Bronwyn Ormsby","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the results of a non-invasive analytical investigation into eight varnished modern paintings from the Norwegian National Museum, dating from 1966 to 1982. These works, executed in either waterborne acrylic dispersion resin or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) media, have not been examined before. They form part of a broader research initiative aimed at documenting the use and degradation of synthetic, waterborne varnishes over acrylic and vinyl paints in the context of Norwegian modern art, and the implications for conservation treatments. The eight paintings were examined through the mobile laboratory (MOLAB) platform of the European infrastructure for Heritage Science (E-RIHS). Multiple complementary techniques, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), external reflection infrared spectroscopy (ERIRS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping and optical micro-profilometry, were employed to identify binders and pigments, assess varnish thickness and distribution and document the layer structure without sampling. The results of a central case study, <em>Winter Sun</em>, 1966, by Gunnar S. Gundersen (1921–1983) (MS-02579-2988, acrylic on canvas, 165×110 cm), are presented including characterisation of the layer structure, and identification of the paint and varnish compositions.</div><div>Comparative analysis between the case study paintings highlights both prevalences and differences within the materials used, informing material history and artistic practices within the mid-century Norwegian context. This in turn informs conservation approaches to the as-yet unresolved challenge of varnish removal from waterborne modern paints. The findings have the potential to inform the future design of representative mock-ups to test potential varnish removal systems. This multimodal, non-invasive approach offers new tools for understanding artist materials and supports conservation decision-making by clarifying when and how varnish removal may be appropriate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of lacquer collected from Toxicodendron succedaneum for the Neolithic lacquerware detected in Zhejiang Province of China","authors":"Yoshimi Kamiya ,&nbsp;Takayuki Honda ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Nagai ,&nbsp;Chuichi Watanabe ,&nbsp;Tetsuo Miyakoshi ,&nbsp;Ningyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Guoping Sun ,&nbsp;Leping Jiang ,&nbsp;Bin Liu ,&nbsp;Shuichi Noshiro ,&nbsp;Shinichi Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.culher.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lacquer coatings of lacquerware excavated from four Neolithic sites in Zhejiang Province of eastern China were analyzed with Py-GC/MS analysis. The studied lacquered objects were recovered at the Tianluoshan, Liangzhu-Bianjiashan, Liangzhu-Zhongjiagang, and Kuahuqiao sites. We also carried out radiocarbon dating of seven objects. In 14 of 17 lacquer coating samples, the pyrosis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) had the highest intensity in 3-nonylphenol and revealed existence of alkylphenols with 17 carbons in the side chains. These features in the Py-GC/MS results are characteristic of laccol composing the lacquer obtained from <em>Toxicodendron succedaneum</em>. Radiocarbon dating of six studied lacquer coatings and three wooden bodies from these sites ranged from 8000 to 4650 cal BP and indicated that, during the Neolithic period, the lacquer of <em>Toxicodendron succedaneum</em> was used for lacquerware manufacture for nearly 3000 years in eastern China. The obtained results conformed with the present distribution of <em>Toxicodendron succedaneum</em> and <em>T. vernicifluum</em> in China, <em>T. succedaneum</em> in the southern to eastern parts and <em>T. vernicifluum</em> in the central to northeastern parts. This finding, however, disagreed with the traditional understanding about the Neolithic lacquerware manufacture in China that the lacquer from <em>Toxicodendron vernicifluum</em> was solely used for the manufacture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15480,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cultural Heritage","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 254-264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145786904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}