ACS Applied Polymer Materials最新文献

{"title":"Atomic-Oxygen Effects on a Siloxane-Polyimide Block-Chain Copolymer (BSF-30)","authors":"Aki Goto,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Pedro D. C. Jorge,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chenbiao Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Irina Gouzman,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Timothy K. Minton*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02500","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Very low Earth orbit (VLEO) offers advantages, such as high-resolution Earth observation, low-cost launches, and reduced risk from orbital debris. However, satellites are rarely deployed in VLEO because of the dense and harsh residual atmosphere, primarily composed of atomic oxygen (AO) and molecular nitrogen (N₂), which collide with ram surfaces at a relative velocity of ∼7.5 km s^–1. Organic polymers that are used for structural, thermal control, and coating materials are susceptible to AO attack. A common approach to mitigate AO-induced damage is to copolymerize or blend the polymer with an inorganic silicon (Si) component, which reacts with AO to form a passivating silica layer on the surface. Still, such organic/inorganic hybrid materials often become rough through initial AO reactions with organic components as the passivating layer forms, increasing satellite drag. As a potential low-drag and AO-resistant material, we investigated BSF-30, a commercial siloxane-polyimide block-chain copolymer film. BSF-30 was exposed to a beam of orbital velocity AO at a fluence of ∼1 × 10²¹ O atoms cm^–2 and was found to have an erosion yield of less than 0.6% of that of Kapton, a commonly used satellite material. The AO-exposed surface of BSF-30 was smooth (<i>S</i>_q ≲ 1 nm) and composed of silica (SiO_<i>x</i>, with <i>x</i> ≈ 2). Molecular beam-surface scattering experiments were conducted on the AO-exposed BSF-30 surface, and the scattering dynamics revealed that the inelastically scattered O atoms were overwhelmingly dominated by quasi-specular scattering with little energy transfer. These results demonstrate that BSF-30 exhibits exceptional resistance to AO attack, while maintaining a smooth surface that promotes low-drag scattering dynamics, indicating great potential for use on the external surfaces of satellites in VLEO.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13125–13138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c02500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonconjugated Polymer Flexibly Linked with Blue and Orange-Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Units for White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (WOLEDs)","authors":"Wei Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Denghui Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chen Ma,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhengtian Tao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mingliang Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kunlun Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yingliang Liu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shaokui Cao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shi-Jian Su*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Shengang Xu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02111","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Single-component thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white-light-emitting polymers enable solution processing and suppress phase separation in white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). However, their development remains limited by emission color control and synthetic challenges. Here, a series of nonconjugated TADF polymers (PDFC-DT₁₀₀–<i>_x</i>-TB<i>_x</i>) grafted with blue and orange-red TADF units were synthesized via Suzuki polymerization and post “Click” reaction. In this strategy, the nonconjugated structure enhances the solubility of the polymers, while the combined approach of Suzuki polymerization and post “Click” reaction improves synthetic efficiency and enables precise emission color tuning. Meanwhile, the absorption spectrum of the orange-red TADF molecule shows a suitable overlap with the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the polymer backbone and the blue TADF molecule, ensuring appropriate energy transfer in target polymers to form white light. The nondoped OLED based on PDFC-DT₉₇-TB₃ achieved white electroluminescence with CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.40), a maximum luminance (<i>L</i>_max) of 242 cd m^–2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE_max) of 0.26%. In contrast, a doped device using PDFC-DT₈₅-TB₁₅ (10 wt %) in CBP achieved warm white emission with CIE coordinates of (0.35, 0.31), an <i>L</i>_max of 1117 cd m^–2 and an EQE_max of 2.30%. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for the molecular design and synthesis of single-component TADF polymers toward efficient, solution-processable white OLEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"12978–12988"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoencapsulation of Cinnamon Essential Oil in Zein: Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Release, and Antifungal Activity","authors":"José Marcelo Honório Ferreira Barros,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Alessandro Antônio dos Santos,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Felipe da Silva,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Antony Luiz Valentim Chamberlain,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Helena C Silva de Assis,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Siebel,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marciel João Stadnik,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Cristiane da Costa*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02214","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Prolonged use and improper application of conventional fungicides can lead to pathogen resistance, pose risks to nontarget organisms, and increase environmental contamination. For instance, bean anthracnose, caused by <i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i>, is a highly aggressive foliar disease affecting common bean crops. To address this, a zein-based nanocarrier loaded with cinnamon essential oil (Z-CEO) was developed as a promising and eco-friendly solution for controlling bean anthracnose without inducing toxic effects in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), a model nontarget organism. The nanoparticles were prepared via ultrasound-assisted nanoprecipitation and characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TGA, DLS, SEM, and TEM. Z-CEO nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphology with an average particle size of 208 nm and a zeta potential of +9.70 mV. FT-IR spectra revealed hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding between zein and CEO, while thermal analysis confirmed enhanced thermal stability of encapsulated CEO compared to its free form. Over 1 year of storage, the nanoparticles increased in size by approximately 30 nm, indicating that their submicron size was largely maintained. High encapsulation efficiency was also retained, with CEO loss below 10%. In vitro release studies showed similar CEO release rates at pH 4.0 and 8.0, with slower release at pH 6.0. Z-CEO completely inhibited mycelial growth at 0.5 mg/mL and significantly reduced disease severity in in vivo trials, particularly at 1.5 mg/mL. The reduction in disease severity may be related to the decreased contact angle of Z-CEO on the leaf surface, which likely promoted the formation of a protective film. Biosafety assessments confirmed that treatment with Z-CEO did not affect photosynthetic pigment levels in bean plants compared to water-treated controls. Furthermore, at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.001–1 mg/L), the formulation was nontoxic to adult zebrafish, with survival rates remaining unchanged, indicating its safety. Overall, this study successfully developed a sustainable nanobiofungicide with strong potential for the safe and effective management bean anthracnose.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"12998–13010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c02214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Functionalization of Cross-Linking Macroinimers for Photocurable Systems","authors":"Luis L. Jessen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tanner L. Grover,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dean Afsar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Erion Hasa,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Patricia R. Calvo,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;C. Allan Guymon*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02714","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hyperbranched prepolymers (HBPs) bearing acrylate functionalities were functionalized via photoiniferter RAFT (PI-RAFT) block copolymerization using multifunctional acrylates. By controlling the reagent functional group concentrations, the oligomer size was controlled, while pendant double bonds were efficiently added over short time periods. Throughout the reaction, three competing pathways, namely, functionalization, internal cyclization, and combination, were identified along with their dependence on HBP size. The ability to simultaneously initiate and cross-link photopolymer networks was subsequently investigated by placing functionalized HBPs in the presence of a monofunctional reactive diluent. Additionally, 3D-printed structures were formed using HBPs as cross-linking agents, resulting in the formation of elastomeric structures. This study demonstrates that acrylate-functional oligomers can be designed and synthesized using facile and rapid PI-RAFT copolymerization and subsequently used to both cross-link and initiate photopolymer materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13247–13255"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering CO2 Adsorption Mechanisms at the Atomic Scale in Cellulose and Chitosan Aerogels","authors":"Daniel Pereira,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mirtha A. O. Lourenço,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mariana Sardo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Armando J. D. Silvestre,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ildefonso Marin-Montesinos*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Luís Mafra*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02075","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biopolymer-based aerogels have emerged as promising CO₂ adsorbents for large-scale implementation due to their abundance, renewability, and low cost. However, the CO₂ capture mechanisms of these materials remain poorly understood. In this study, we exploit the structural similarity between cellulose and chitosan to investigate how surface chemistry governs the CO₂ adsorption mechanisms using a combination of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) modeling. We reveal that cellulose aerogels adsorb CO₂ exclusively via physisorption, whereas chitosan aerogels exhibit both physisorption and chemisorption. Chemical shift analysis, supported by DFT calculations, identifies two chemisorbed species in chitosan: carbamic acid (159.0 ppm) and ammonium carbamate (164.5 ppm). Additionally, ssNMR relaxation measurements reveal three distinct physisorbed CO₂ states (solid, liquid, and gas-like) in both aerogels. By systematically tailoring the amine density (i.e., the interchain distance) in chitosan, we elucidate its influence on the CO₂ chemisorption speciation. Based on well-established principles of polysaccharide chemistry, we engineered a blended cellulose dialdehyde–chitosan aerogel with reduced amino group density. In this material, only the carbamic acid peak was observed, demonstrating that ammonium carbamate formation requires closely spaced amino groups. These findings highlight the critical role of surface functional groups and amine density in dictating the CO₂ adsorption pathways. Our study provides valuable atomic level insights into the structure–function relationships of biopolymer-based sorbents, facilitating their optimized design for CO₂ capture technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"12964–12977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c02075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Solubility, Stability, and Safety through Busulfan/Sulfobutyl Ether β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes","authors":"Youfa Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zhiqin Fu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jingyi Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Lai,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zongguang Tai*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xin Wu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02256","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Busulfan (Bu) is a bifunctional alkylating agent of dimethylsulfonate, which is widely used for pretreatment before bone marrow transplantation. However, due to its poor solubility, the marketed injectable (Busulfex) employs a large amount of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylacetamide (DMA) to dissolve the drug, which results in significant hepatic toxicity and thus imposes high physical demands on patients. Moreover, the injectable solution is only stable at room temperature for 8 h after dilution, posing risks of drug degradation and precipitation, which limits its clinical application. To overcome these drawbacks, we intend to utilize cyclodextrin inclusion complex technology to embed Bu into the cavity structure of sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin, forming a cyclodextrin inclusion complex of Bu. Subsequently, this complex was lyophilized to produce injectable Bu (Bu-I). The physical properties and stability of Bu-I were investigated in vitro, and its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics were evaluated in vivo. The safety of Bu-I was assessed in terms of hemolysis, intravenous irritation, and acute toxicity. After complexation, the solubility of Bu was increased by approximately 70-fold. Our stability studies demonstrated that Bu-I exhibited significantly enhanced dilution stability at room temperature compared with Busulfex, with the drug content remaining above 98% over 12 h. In rats, Bu-I showed bioequivalence to Busulfex following intravenous injection. Moreover, Bu-I exhibited markedly reduced vascular irritation compared with Busulfex. The LD₅₀ of Bu-I was 2.65 times that of Busulfex, and Bu-I had significantly decreased hepatic toxicity, thereby greatly improving clinical safety. Overall, the inclusion complex technology employed in this study is a simple and effective formulation strategy that enhances drug stability while preserving therapeutic efficacy, circumvents the irritation and hepatic toxicity associated with DMA, and holds great promise for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13052–13062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c02256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Cross-Linked Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-Based Stable AEM for Enhanced Acid Recovery from Metallurgical Wastewater","authors":"Sweety Suhag,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Prashant Kumar,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Prashant Upadhyay,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Vinod K. Shahi*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Vaibhav Kulshrestha*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02481","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The safe disposal of industrial wastewater is a major concern for the environment. Membrane-based separation processes can be an alternative to traditional wastewater treatment. Here, an integrated system has been designed and optimized for the effective reclamation of acid from metallurgical wastewater. Herein, we report cross-linking of brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) using multifunctional 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) for architecting a stable anion exchange membrane (AEM). Varied concentrations of DABCO significantly influenced IEC and ionic conductivity (κ^m) of prepared AEMs. Optimized PPO–DB-60 AEM demonstrated excellent IEC (1.83 mequiv g^–1) and κ^m (4.13 × 10^–2 S cm^–1). Recovery efficiency for HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄ was observed to be 41.5, 29, and 18% with proton diffusion coefficient (μ_H⁺), 4.82 × 10^–3, 2.86 × 10^–3, and 1.57 × 10^–3 m h^–1, respectively. In an integrated system, improved recovery efficiencies with increments of 19.0% (HCl), 12.0% (HNO₃), and 9.0% (H₂SO₄), compared to the standalone diffusion dialysis. Proton diffusion coefficients under these conditions also improved to 6.5 × 10^–3 m h^–1 for HCl, 3.53 × 10^–3 m h^–1 for HNO₃, and 1.88 × 10^–3 m h^–1 for H₂SO₄ sequentially. Moreover, energy consumption (EC) values for the integrated process were 0.716 to 1.026 kWh kg^–1 for different acids with up to 95.38% current efficiencies. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the prepared AEMs for acid reclamation and concentration with an integrated approach for laboratory scale performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13114–13124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Healing, Ultra Stretchable, Antifreezing, and Antidrying Gelatin-Based Eutectogels Containing Polymerizable Deep Eutectic Solvent for Advanced Motion Sensing","authors":"Fardin Heydari,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Zahra Mohamadnia*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c01340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c01340","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In recent years, with the advancement of technology and electronics, there has been an increasing interest in small, flexible, and wearable electronic devices. These flexible devices have been significantly used in various aspects of our lives, such as health monitoring, wearable devices, smart robots, and artificial intelligence. In this study, a superelastic, strong, and transparent eutectogel based on glycidyl methacrylate-modified gelatin (GelGM) and a conductive polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (PDES) composed of citric acid (CA) and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride in a 1:2 ratio was synthesized. The prepared eutectogel showed favorable transparency, excellent stretchability (1788.85%), high mechanical strength (0.25 MPa), good conductivity (13.75 mS.cm^–1), sensitivity (GF = 2.71), high stability (1000 cycles), self-healing ability, excellent adhesion to various substrates, biocompatibility, and good antibacterial properties. Also, unlike traditional hydrogels, with the addition of PDES, the fabricated sensor exhibited better resistance to freezing and drying, which confirms its wide temperature performance. Therefore, the prepared AGD eutectogel was able to maintain its performance well under different ambient temperature conditions. Also, the prepared wearable sensor showed good antibacterial performance against Gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) and Gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) bacteria, protecting it from skin damage and infection. The prepared eutectogel with excellent adhesion, high adaptability to various surfaces due to its extraordinary flexibility, and high sensitivity was able to detect various body movements well. Also, by placing it on the volunteer’s larynx, it successfully recorded subtle movements such as speaking and swallowing. These outstanding features of eutectogel have made it an ideal and suitable option in various practical applications such as health monitoring, wound healing monitoring, recovery, rehabilitation, and use in wearable electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"12912–12929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical Porous Micro-Architected Particles via Micro-Continuous Liquid Interface Production of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Templates","authors":"Weiling Xia,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Peiran Wei,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Kaiwen Hsiao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c03098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c03098","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hierarchical porous materials with well-defined porosity spanning multiple length scales are highly desirable for separation and catalytic applications, where efficient mass transport and a high surface-to-volume ratio are required. Conventional etching and self-templating approaches exhibit limited control over nanopore morphology and pore size. In addition, thin film fabrication through casting and molding techniques further inhibits the engineering of three-dimensional transport pathways. Here, we report an approach combining high-resolution continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) printing with a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC)-guided soft-templating method to create open-cell micro-architected particles containing hierarchical porosity ranging from nanometer to micrometer length scales. Prior to photopolymerization, LLC precursor mixtures are characterized with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and their self-assembled bicontinuous and lamellar mixed mesophases with characteristic <i>d</i>-spacing values of 52–60 Å are observed. Post photopolymerization, SAXS confirms the successful retention of sub-nanometer structure, and further inspection with SEM reveals the emergence of organized, concentration-dependent nanoporosity with pore diameters of 172–409 nm driven by polymerization-induced microphase separation mechanism. The organized pores and their narrow pore size distribution are hypothesized to be guided by LLC amphiphilic molecular templating during photopolymerization. The approach combining high-resolution additive manufacturing and LLC soft-templating demonstrates the capability to create open-cell architected materials containing hierarchical porosity spanning subnanometer to micrometer length scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13428–13437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c03098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocured Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites as Therapeutic Carriers Fabricated Using Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsion","authors":"Meenal Agrawal,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Twinkle Suneja,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bhanu Nandan,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Rajiv K. Srivastava*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c01898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c01898","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based materials are widely studied in various morphologies as drug carriers. However, high internal phase emulsion (HIPE)-templated constructs capable of producing porosities &gt;70% facilitating high drug loading have scantly been explored. While various PCL based macromers that have been HIPE-templated, which postpolymerization led to the fabrication of polymerized HIPE (polyHIPE), these HIPEs have been stabilized using surfactants which post removal leads to environmental pollution. Addressing these concerns, liquid photocurable PCL oligomers were synthesized via ring opening polymerization of the ε-caprolactone (CL) monomer using hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as an initiator. The optimized PCL oligomer was stabilized within HIPE using modified silica nanoparticles (mSiNP) that were photocured and cross-linked to fabricate PCL-based porous polyHIPEs. The resulting polyHIPEs demonstrated a high porosity of up to 76% along with excellent mechanical strength. The high liquid uptake capacity of polyHIPEs facilitated extremely high tea tree oil (TTO) loading of &gt;100% of the weight of polyHIPE without significantly affecting their mechanical integrity. The release behavior of TTO from the polyHIPE was studied using Weibull and Ritger–Peppas models. Finally, TTO-loaded polyHIPEs demonstrated excellent antimicrobial properties against both <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> irradicating &gt;99% of viable bacterial colonies along with biofilm inhibition over the surface of TTO-loaded polyHIPEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13024–13036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}