ACS Applied Polymer Materials最新文献

{"title":"Mitigating the Energy Loss in Ternary Organic Photovoltaics with a Conjugated Terpolymer","authors":"Yang-Yen Yu*,&nbsp;Bing-Huang Jiang,&nbsp;Yu-Xia Han,&nbsp;Yu-Chih Hsu and Chih-Ping Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0309110.1021/acsapm.4c03091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03091https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03091","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We investigated the performance of a terpolymer, PM1, as a third component in two donor–one acceptor-based ternary organic photovoltaics (OPVs). PM1, a derivative of PM6, incorporates 20% thiophene-thiazolothiazole (TTz) monomers, expanding its structural diversity and featuring a lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level compared to that of PM6. To investigate the impact of PM1, we fabricated p–i–n-structured OPVs with the following layer configuration: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PM6:Y6 (or BTP-eC9) with or without PM1/PFN-Br/Ag. By examining the component miscibility and blend film morphology, we explored how these factors influence carrier dynamics and ultimately impact the OPV performance. The high compatibility between PM1 and PM6 (χ_PM6-PM1 = 0.003) facilitated the formation of a well-mixed donor phase, akin to an alloy. This homogeneous blend promoted efficient charge transport and suppressed trap-assisted recombination within the blend film. Consequently, PM1-based ternary OPVs exhibited reduced nonradiative recombination, leading to an increased open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) and overall device efficiency. The optimal power conversion efficiencies of the ternary OPVs using Y6 and BTP-eC9 as acceptors reached 17.09 and 17.60%, respectively. Our findings highlight the potential of terpolymers as promising materials for efficient ternary OPVs, paving the way for innovative donor polymer design strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"1386–1393 1386–1393"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zn2+-Driven Lignocellulose Gel Electrolyte toward a Wide Working Temperature Range and High-Voltage Flexible Supercapacitor","authors":"Ping Xu,&nbsp;Jinxin Xu,&nbsp;Zhixin Zhang,&nbsp;Yiyan Gao,&nbsp;Hongkun Yang,&nbsp;Rongda Zhang* and Guanghui Gao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0301210.1021/acsapm.4c03012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03012https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03012","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cellulose, especially lignocellulose, has attracted ever-increasing interest as a framework of hydrogel electrolytes in recent years due to its advantages including low cost, renewability, and biodegradability. However, lignocellulose is insoluble and gelatinous. Herein, a lignocellulose/poly(acrylic acid) dual-network hydrogel electrolyte was synthesized. The highly concentrated ZnCl₂ solution was used for gelatinizing lignocellulose based on coordination bonds provided by Zn²⁺. At the same time, poly(acrylic acid) was introduced as the flexible network to construct ion migration channels. The double network was composed of fully physical cross-linked polymer chains that benefitted from Zn²⁺ coordination. In addition, water molecules were locked by highly concentrated Zn²⁺, endowing the obtained hydrogel environment with adaptability and an inhibited water electrolysis activity. Thus, the assembled supercapacitor could reach a satisfactory operation voltage (1.6 V) and areal capacitance (485.3 mF/cm² at 0.2 mA/cm²) and high energy density (172.6 μWh/cm²), along with long-term cyclic stability (82.3% retention after 8000 cycles). Accordingly, this work provided a practicable design strategy for lignocellulose hydrogels toward high-performance flexible solid electrolytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"1318–1327 1318–1327"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Octadecane-Encapsulated, Emulsion-Based Alginate Fibers: Enhanced Mechanical Property and Heat Density","authors":"Qin Yu,&nbsp;Tongqing Zhao,&nbsp;Xuchu Yin,&nbsp;Wentao Fang,&nbsp;Haoguan Gui* and Tao Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0417210.1021/acsapm.4c04172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c04172https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c04172","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Alginate-based, phase change fibers are promising, but their relatively low heat density and mechanical properties hinder them from real applications. Here, we report the fabrication of octadecane-encapsulated, alginate-based fibers with enhanced mechanical property and heat density from wet spinning of cellulose nanocrystal-stabilized Pickering emulsions via formation of hierarchically and physically cross-linked interpenetrating polymer networks that have never been reported to emulsion-based hydrophilic polymers. The fibers could be prepared continuously with high reproducibility, and the resulting fibers exhibit good flexibility (even at temperatures slightly below the melting point of the encapsulated octadecane), high stretchability, low leakage, high heat density (up to 173.6 J/g) that is usually impossible for alginate-based fibers, and high reusability (without significant decrease in heat density after 100 cooling–heating cycles). This facile preparation, combined with flexibility, stretchability, high heat density, and reusability, makes the alginate-based phase change fibers an excellent candidate for personal temperature regulation and latent heat storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"2143–2151 2143–2151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet-Spinning Fabrication of Poly(3,4-vinyl dioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate)/Sodium Alginate Fibers Function as Intelligent Off/On Switchable Microwave Absorber","authors":"Huiya Wang,&nbsp;Wenyu Xu,&nbsp;Lu Yang,&nbsp;Viktor M. Shapovalov,&nbsp;Viktor A. Goldade,&nbsp;Yang Zhang* and Yaofeng Zhu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0341110.1021/acsapm.4c03411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03411https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03411","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Exploring flexible, high-efficiency microwave absorption materials remains challenging to meet the growing demands for more wearable and portable electronics. Herein, highly flexible and mechanically robust poly(3,4-vinyl dioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS)/sodium alginate (SA) composite fibers (PA) were successfully prepared via an environmentally friendly wet-spinning technique. The fabricated PA fibers achieve a maximum breaking strength of 283.77 MPa benefited from the dual cross-linking interaction of a rich hydrogen bonding network and ionic bond. Notably, the inherent anisotropy endows conductive PA with a functional switch potential for microwave absorption “on” and “off” by altering the angle of the fiber arrangement. At an alignment of 45°, the single-layer PA12 fiber composite panel (FCP) exhibits excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance with a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −56.2 dB and a broadened effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.78 gigahertz (GHz) at 4.18 mm. Whereas FCP-PA12 can turn off the MA property by changing to 90°. The intelligent tunable MA property may be attributed to the fact that the high-frequency currents in fibers can be excited only when the electric field is parallel to the fibers. This study expands the design approach of flexible and intelligent-modulation MA materials for further wearable devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"1687–1698 1687–1698"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicomponent Visible-Light Initiating System for Rapid and Deep Photocuring through UV-Opaque Polyimide Films","authors":"Daihyun Hwang,&nbsp;Woojin Jeon,&nbsp;Seokju Lee,&nbsp;Shinya Onoue,&nbsp;Hyeon-Deuk Hwang,&nbsp;Johannes Gierschner and Min Sang Kwon*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0354410.1021/acsapm.4c03544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03544https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03544","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Polyimides (PIs) play a crucial role in modern electronics, especially in flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs). However, these FPCBs are vulnerable to physical damage, which can compromise the copper wiring. To protect this wiring, encapsulation with resin is commonly used. Traditional UV-curable resins, however, are ineffective due to the UV opacity of PI films, which hinders proper curing. In this study, we present an advanced multicomponent photoinitiating system, activated by visible light, that enables rapid and deep curing of acrylic resins even through UV-opaque PI films. This system, which integrates camphorquinone/amine (a well-established type II system) with a highly efficient triplet-generating photoredox catalyst and co-initiators, offers exceptional curing speed and depth. When tested on a real FPCB, the system achieved a curing depth exceeding 1 cm within just 10 s under 480 nm LED light, highlighting its practical value for intricate FPCB designs. We believe that this system will play a key role in a variety of applications that require fast and deep photocuring, such as three-dimensional/four-dimensional printing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"1741–1751 1741–1751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the Resonant Cavity Order on the Performance of the PTB7-Th Polymer and Nonfullerene Acceptor Blend Near-Infrared Organic Photodiodes","authors":"Jeoungmin Ji,&nbsp;Ramakant Sharma,&nbsp;Tae Jung Kim,&nbsp;Jongeun Seok,&nbsp;Hyunmin Shin,&nbsp;Carmela Michelle Esteban,&nbsp;Woochan Lee,&nbsp;Dongho Choi,&nbsp;Sanghee Oh,&nbsp;Kyoungsik Yu and Seunghyup Yoo*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0387210.1021/acsapm.4c03872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03872https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03872","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of low-bandgap polymers and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has enabled the fabrication of solution-processable organic photodiodes (OPDs) with improved sensitivity in the near-infrared (NIR) region. However, geminate and bimolecular recombinations in low-bandgap NFAs often limit performance capabilities and restrict the freedom of molecular designs. Exploring alternate strategies, such as charge transfer absorption (CT absorption), is thus necessary to extend the absorption of OPDs fabricated with low-bandgap NFAs further into the deeper NIR region. The overall aim of this study is to combine the CT absorption strategy with low-bandgap NFAs and, at the same time, to apply optical cavity resonance to extend the spectral coverage and maximize the responsivity of NIR OPDs at a certain target wavelength. We systematically explore the CT absorption phenomena and corresponding properties in mixtures of PTB7-Th and IEICO-4F by means of quantum mechanical (QM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Upon a careful ellipsometry study, the NIR materials used in this study were shown to exhibit high refractive indices, with which we strategically designed and fabricated a device forming high-order resonance while ensuring the active layer thickness not to be too large to maintain proper electrical operation. Our results show that the device with higher cavity resonance order can achieve a better figure of merit. Consequently, the responsivity of the device forming third-order resonance exhibits a ca. 13.7-fold enhancement, from 0.6 mA/W to 8.2 mA/W, at a wavelength of 1,040 nm, compared to a device without resonance. This approach also reduces the dark current and noise power spectral density while maintaining spectral detectivity comparable to those of noncavity devices. Extending this strategy to PTB7-Th:COTIC-4F systems further demonstrated the potential for detecting longer wavelengths, enabling applications in the deeper NIR region.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"2043–2052 2043–2052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Stretchable and Thermally Conductive Elastomeric Composites for Heat Dissipation in Flexible Electronics","authors":"Junjie Chen,&nbsp;Jiuyang Wang,&nbsp;Shutong Wang,&nbsp;Sicheng Wang,&nbsp;Xiangchao Xie,&nbsp;Jiashuo Sheng,&nbsp;Jinhu Li,&nbsp;Rong Sun,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Zeng and Zhenwei Yu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0358110.1021/acsapm.4c03581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03581https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03581","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The diversification of wearable devices and flexible electronics has spurred an increasing demand for elastomeric composites that exhibit both high thermal conductivity and excellent tensile performance. Typically, materials with high thermal conductivity have high Young’s moduli, which are not ideally suited for flexible electronics. This study introduces a straightforward design strategy to develop a soft (with a fracture elongation of 372% and a low Young’s modulus of 463 kPa) and thermally conductive (2.21 W/(m·K)) composite made from liquid metal and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. By adjusting the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, this method controls the polymer network and leverages a unique solid–liquid coupling mechanism that allows the liquid metal to deform in tandem with the silicone matrix. The presence of uniformly distributed liquid metal droplets not only enhances the mechanical properties of the matrix but also boosts the heat dissipation capacity of the elastomer composite. Furthermore, this material demonstrates remarkable thermal stability and reliability, maintaining its integrity through multiple thermal shock cycles. This research underscores the vast potential of these materials for thermal management in next-generation flexible electronic devices and wearables.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"1784–1794 1784–1794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent Triple-Sensitive Fibrous Sensors for Rapid Naked-Eye Identification of Vaporous Nitro-Explosives","authors":"Yingjun Chen,&nbsp;Lihong He,&nbsp;Huamin Sun,&nbsp;Chungui Wang,&nbsp;Fei Shi,&nbsp;Naien Shi*,&nbsp;Linghai Xie and Wei Huang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0009510.1021/acsapm.5c00095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00095https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Vapor detection of nitro-explosives by fluorescent fibrous film is promising, but practical applications remain constrained by insufficient reliability, particularly in complex and dynamic environments in challenging environments, where extreme weather is exhibited or areas with high temperature and high relative humidity. Significantly, water, a pervasive presence in the air, is a deserving common and variable interferent in industrial, laboratory, and domestic settings. Herein, multifunctional temperature-sensitive fluorescent sensors that can also respond to nitro-explosive and water vapor were reported. They are based on the combinations of poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with 9-(pyren-1-yl)-9<i>H</i>-carbazole (PyCz) and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-dibutyl-3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic- diimide (PTCDI). Nitro-explosive vapors can be detected at 50 °C with high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, as for 4-NT and TNT, the quenching efficiency reaches 95 and 40% within 1 min. The detection is effective under saturated relative humidity and is not influenced by smoke and aromatic toluene vapors. At 25 °C, the sensor exhibits an obvious response to the explosive compounds in an ambient atmosphere while quenching under a high relative humidity close to 100%. The above changes can be conveniently investigated by the naked eye and tuned by temperature. This work provides a foundation for the future design of molecular responsive multifunctional polymeric fibrous structures for low-cost practical naked-eye vapor sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"2172–2180 2172–2180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH- and Anion-Responsive Poly(1-vinylimidazole) Opal Films for Smart Sensing","authors":"Jaeshin Kim,&nbsp;Lukas Siegwardt,&nbsp;Regina Leiner,&nbsp;Sascha Verwaayen,&nbsp;Armin Novak,&nbsp;Marc Schneider,&nbsp;Volker Presser and Markus Gallei*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0373610.1021/acsapm.4c03736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03736https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03736","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Materials containing imidazole have been used as promising substances in the fields of life sciences, environmental science, and electrochemistry. In this study, tailored core–shell particles that respond to acidic solutions and fluorine-containing hydrophobic anions were synthesized through starved-feed emulsion polymerization. Imidazole, which responds to proton acids and hydrophobic anions, was incorporated as a functional moiety into the shell of the particles. The soft and viscoelastic matrix was composed of the copolymer, poly((<i>n</i>-butyl acrylate)-<i>co</i>-(1-vinylimidazole)), allowing for control of the hydrodynamic diameter of the core–shell particles due to the balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The size comparison of monodisperse particles in the colloid state was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Changes in the glass transition temperature, depending on the copolymer ratio, were calculated using the Fox equation. The particles were melt-sheared after extrusion to produce viscoelastic opal films, arranging the particles into colloidal crystal stacks showing vivid structural colors. The optical features changed in response to acidic solutions and hydrophobic anions and were examined using in situ ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The degree of hydrophilicity of the film was compared through contact angle measurements. The manufactured smart opal film can be applied as an affordable sensor that exhibits optical color changes in response to acidic pH and hydrophobic anions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"1955–1968 1955–1968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsapm.4c03736","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Heat Dissipation via a Recyclable and Self-Hygroscopic Hydrogel Membrane","authors":"Shijie Hou,&nbsp;Zhiming Ha,&nbsp;Yangchen Yu,&nbsp;Kexin Li,&nbsp;Lei Lei*,&nbsp;Yuzheng Xia,&nbsp;Xiaonong Chen,&nbsp;Bifa Fan* and Shuxian Shi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0348410.1021/acsapm.4c03484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03484https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03484","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient heat dissipation is crucial for the performance and longevity of compact electronic devices, which face significant thermal management challenges. This study introduces a reusable and self-hygroscopic heat dissipation hydrogel using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and soluble acrylic resins (AR) as the matrix, lithium chloride (LiCl) as the hygroscopic component, and borax and aluminum ions (Al³⁺) as cross-linking agents. The dynamic covalent cross-linking and physical cross-linking provide enhanced recyclability and mechanical strength, allowing the hydrogel to maintain excellent performance through repeated heat dissipation cycles. The influence of Li⁺ concentration on the hydrogel’s hygroscopic properties was evaluated, revealing that at 10.0 mol/L Li⁺, nearly 100% of the water was reabsorbed within 6 h at 20.0 °C. The hydrogel demonstrated superior self-hygroscopic properties and maintained long-term functionality across multiple cycles. The hydrogel effectively reduced surface temperatures of heat sources by up to 20 °C compared with commercial heat fins. The reversible cross-linking mechanism enables the hydrogel to undergo bond breakage and reformation, facilitating recyclability and extending its practical lifespan. This innovative hydrogel presents a promising solution for advancing thermal management in electronic devices and contributes to global sustainable development.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 3","pages":"1672–1686 1672–1686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}