ACS Applied Polymer Materials最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of Poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) for High-Strength Carbon Nanofibers","authors":"Xin Gao,&nbsp;Xianfeng Wang*,&nbsp;Jianyong Yu,&nbsp;Bin Ding and Xiaohua Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0031510.1021/acsapm.5c00315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00315https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00315","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers are widely recognized as precursors for fabricating carbon nanofibers (CNFs), yet the limited degree of cyclization and frequent fiber breakages during stabilization hinder the mechanical performance of the resulting CNFs. This study introduces a strategy to overcome these challenges by synthesizing poly(acrylonitrile-<i>co</i>-acrylic acid) copolymers with controlled acrylic acid ratios. The incorporation of uniformly distributed carboxyl groups in acrylic acid units within the polymer structure enabled an ionic cyclization pathway, reducing the maximum cyclization temperature to 250 °C and achieving a cyclization degree exceeding 82%. This enhanced stabilization process yielded CNFs with highly graphitized structures with an <i>I</i>_G<i>/I</i>_D ratio of 3.0 and minimal fiber breakages of less than 0.1%. Notably, CNFs derived from P(AN-AA)-5% exhibited a remarkable tensile strength of 28.2 MPa, over three times greater than that of conventional PAN-derived CNFs of 8.8 MPa. This innovative approach highlights the potential of copolymer-based modifications to advance CNF fabrication, offering a pathway for improved mechanical properties and expanded application prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"4002–4008 4002–4008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Janus Gel Electrolyte Enabled High-Performance Quasi-Solid-State Electrochromic Zn-Ion Batteries","authors":"Hua Chen,&nbsp;Pengda Fang,&nbsp;Mingchen Yang,&nbsp;Jiangtao Yu,&nbsp;Xinyu Ma,&nbsp;Yin Hu* and Feng Yan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0398710.1021/acsapm.4c03987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03987https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c03987","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rechargeable electrochromic Zn-ion batteries (RZEBs) which combine electrochromic properties with energy storage capabilities, represent a promising development in the field of transparent batteries. The aqueous electrolytes are crucial for enhancing the kinetics and capacity of the cathode in RZEBs. However, the Zn anode suffers from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), dendrite growth, and formation of byproducts due to excess water. Herein, we designed an integrated Janus gel electrolyte by incorporating a propylene carbonate-based organogel with a hydrogel electrolyte. The Janus gel electrolyte not only facilitates efficient Zn insertion in the cathode with short self-coloring time and good cyclic stability but also effectively mitigates water-induced corrosion in the Zn anode. Specifically, the Zn//Cu batteries exhibit a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.91%. Furthermore, the Zn//WO₃ batteries exhibit a specific capacity of 43.64 mA h g^–1 with a capacity retention of 60.84% after 160 cycles. This work provides an effective electrolyte design that significantly enhances the cycle stability of RZEBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"3718–3727 3718–3727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flame-Retardant and Smoke-Suppressive Epoxy Resins with Enhanced Storage and Thermal Stability via Curing with a Phosphorus-Containing Imidazole Derivative","authors":"Haonan Wang,&nbsp;Qiu Shi,&nbsp;Siqi Huo*,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Guofeng Ye,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Hao Wang and Zhitian Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0025510.1021/acsapm.5c00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00255https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00255","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Addressing the flammability of epoxy resins and simplifying the production process remain huge challenges. In this work, an imidazole-derived phosphorus/nitrogen-containing latent curing agent (ATIM) was synthesized using nitrilotrimethylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) and 1-methylimidazole as raw materials for fabricating a single-component flame-retardant epoxy (EP). The ATIM-cured EP (EP/ATIM) showed desired flame-retardant properties, and its UL-94 classification reached V-0 when ATIM content increased to 13 wt %. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of EP/ATIM-15 (ATIM content: 15 wt %) reached 33.0%, and its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) were 51.9 and 41.4% lower than those of the imidazole (IM)-cured EP (EP/IM-7, IM content: 7 wt %), respectively, which demonstrated considerable progress in both flame resistance and smoke reduction properties. EP/ATIM exhibited a higher onset decomposition temperature and greater char residue compared with EP/IM-7, demonstrating superior thermal stability. The shelf life of EP/ATIM-15 could be up to 7 days, confirming that the introduction of P-containing acid endowed EP/ATIM with increased storage stability. Thus, this study offers a feasible strategy for enhancing the storage stability, fire retardant performance, and thermal properties of a single-component epoxy resin.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"4009–4018 4009–4018"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-CTE, Strong-Adhesion, and High-Resolution Photosensitive Polyimide Materials for Advanced Packaging Applications: Structure and Properties","authors":"Huifa Meng,&nbsp;Kaijin Chen,&nbsp;Chuying Li,&nbsp;Yanwei He,&nbsp;Zihao Huang,&nbsp;Haitao Huang*,&nbsp;Zhenguo Chi,&nbsp;Siwei Liu and Yi Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0000110.1021/acsapm.5c00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00001https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00001","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of traditional photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) insulating materials, which possess high coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and poor adhesion to copper, easily causes failure issues in the redistribution layers (RDLs). However, there are some trade-offs in the design of the low-CTE PSPI materials such as the ultraviolet (UV) transmittance of the precursors and the dielectric properties of the films. To overcome the above challenges, an AB₂-type fluorinated monoamine (ETFPh-NH₂) with a nonplanar steric structure was designed and synthesized, which was then used as an end-capper attached to poly(amic ester) (PAE) with a linear/stiff structure. The PSPI solutions were then developed by using the as-prepared PAE resins, solvents, and other additives. Despite the presence of ETFPh-NH₂ with a relatively low molar ratio to the total precursor chains, the transparency of the <b>PAE-4</b> was notably enhanced, resulting in the achievement of the high-resolution lithographic pattern. Meanwhile, the <b>PI-4</b> film exhibited low-CTE characteristics (23.65 ppm K^–1), and its mechanical and low dielectric properties were enhanced by the microbranched cross-link structure, which was constructed by the reaction of the arylethynyl groups during the imidization process. Furthermore, the adhesion between the PI films and Cu was significantly improved by introducing the aromatic silane (TMS). In short, <b>PI-4</b>, which exhibited high-dimensional stability, strong adhesion with Cu, and photopatternable capabilities, could be a feasible and reliable material for use in advanced packaging. In addition, the developed end-groups modification strategy seems to be an effective way to greatly improve the overall performance of PSPI materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"3815–3825 3815–3825"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible Wheat Bran Aerogel-Based Phase Change Composites for Wearable Thermotherapy Management","authors":"Xiaoxiao Tao,&nbsp;Xiugui Zhang,&nbsp;Jialong Tian,&nbsp;Qingqing Wang,&nbsp;Fenglin Huang,&nbsp;Qufu Wei and Yibing Cai*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0016210.1021/acsapm.5c00162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00162https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00162","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Phase change materials (PCMs) offer great potential for wearable personal thermotherapy management (PTM) due to superior thermal energy storage and a consistent phase change temperature. Nevertheless, leakage during solid–liquid phase change and the intrinsic solid rigidity of PCMs are long-standing challenges in practical applications. Herein, we report a facile and cost-effective strategy to develop a multifunctional and flexible phase change composite (PCC) consisting of a modified wheat bran (MWB) aerogel and a styrene–isoprene–styrene block copolymer/poly(ethylene glycol) (SIS/PEG) blend. The MWB was first acquired by combining starch gelatinization, chemical cross-linking, conductive reinforcement of a nanofiller (MWCNT/OH), and freeze-drying. Then, the (final) flexible PCC was fabricated through MWB incorporating a phase change dispersion solution (SPEG) that was obtained by blending SIS with PEG. The resultant PCC exhibited excellent leakage-proof properties and good shape stability. The incorporation of SIS enabled MWB/SPEG to maintain superior mechanical flexibility and elastic recovery in both nonphase change and phase change states. The MWB/SPEG displayed high heat enthalpy of melting/crystallization values of 94.9 and 80.8 J/g, respectively. The integration of MWB/SPEG with conductive fabrics achieved residual heat storage/release and maintained the human body’s comfortable temperature in thermotherapy simulation. It provided promising potential in wearable thermal management for this flexible composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"3913–3924 3913–3924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Inherent and Dynamic Cross-Links for Self-Healable Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer Foams","authors":"Wei Zheng,&nbsp;Wenxin Deng,&nbsp;Shaofeng Xiong,&nbsp;Zhefeng Jin,&nbsp;Jiangpeng Hu,&nbsp;Yujia Zhao,&nbsp;Xuhuang Chen,&nbsp;Siwen Bi and Peng Yu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0026210.1021/acsapm.5c00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00262https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00262","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The preparation of foams with self-healing properties and stable cell structures continues to present significant challenges. In this study, a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer featuring a dual network structure was developed. A dynamic cross-linking network, formed by hydrogen and disulfide bonds, imparted self-healing capabilities to the elastomer. The inclusion of a cross-linking agent created an inherent cross-linking network that improved the mechanical properties and melt strength of the elastomer. The synthesized polydimethylsiloxane elastomer demonstrated an exceptional self-healing performance, achieving a self-healing efficiency of 92.89%, along with impressive mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 6.32 MPa and an elongation at break of 1277.80%. Additionally, a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer foam with self-healing properties was fabricated using a supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO₂) foaming method. With an increase in inherent cross-linking, the cell size decreased from 11.88 to 8.60 μm, while the cell density increased from 2.04 × 10⁹ to 2.71 × 10⁹ cells/cm³, resulting in the uniform cell distribution within the foam. Microcracks in the foam were effectively healed within 10 min at 80 °C, and the cell morphology remained stable after 96 h of exposure to environmental conditions. This dual-network self-healing foam exhibited an excellent self-healing performance along with a stable cell structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"3945–3953 3945–3953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kraft Lignin Modification and Application as Aqueous Binder for Carbon Anode in Lithium Battery","authors":"Nagore Izaguirre,&nbsp;Gabriele Lingua*,&nbsp;Alessandro Piovano,&nbsp;Claudio Gerbaldi,&nbsp;David Mecerreyes and Jalel Labidi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.4c0409910.1021/acsapm.4c04099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c04099https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.4c04099","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Although lithium batteries contribute to a green energy economy, most of the materials used in their production are fossil-based. A way to diminish the carbon footprint is by utilizing sustainable and biobased products like lignin, which is highly abundant in nature and vastly produced industrially as a low-value side product in the paper and pulp industry. In the current work, chemically modified Kraft lignins (KL) with different chemical functionalities such as carboxymethyl and sulfomethyl were applied as binder materials for preparing active carbon-based electrodes for lithium metal lab-scale battery cells. The optimization of the lignin binders through functionalization allowed for a significantly enhanced aqueous processability and performance of anodic electrodes composed of hard carbon as the electroactive material and carbon black as the conducting additive. Battery performances were comparable with the state-of-the-art biopolymer binders carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) reaching specific capacity values of 170 mA h g^–1. The functionalization shows an alternative approach to the valorization of lignin in high-tech applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"3764–3773 3764–3773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering the Next Generation of Polymer Scientists: Our Editorial Board Grows","authors":"Xing Yi Ling,&nbsp;Jodie Lutkenhaus and Paulomi Majumder,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0043710.1021/acsapm.5c00437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00437https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 5","pages":"2745–2748 2745–2748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Printed Plastic Windows for Photoelectrochemical Applications","authors":"Sarah C. Galarza-Perez,&nbsp;Maximiliano J. M. Zapata,&nbsp;Cinthia Zanata,&nbsp;Cicero Cena,&nbsp;Heberton Wender* and Cauê A. Martins*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0020710.1021/acsapm.5c00207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00207https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00207","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The integration of additive manufacturing with photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems represents a promising avenue for cost-effective and customizable reactor designs. However, the use of 3D-printed plastic components as optical windows remains underexplored, particularly concerning their transparency, material suitability, and printing parameter optimization. Addressing this gap is crucial to enable fully 3D-printed reactors and windows for applications such as water splitting and light-driven chemical conversions. This work aims to evaluate the feasibility of 3D-printed plastic windows for PEC applications by systematically investigating the impact of printing parameters─such as infill patterns, fill percentage, and layer thickness─on the optical and mechanical properties of three widely used polymers: PLA, PETG, and ABS. A detailed transmittance mapping approach was developed to guide the selection of suitable configurations based on application-specific needs. We fabricated 243 plastic samples and characterized their transmittance in the UV–visible range, correlating the results with printing configurations. PLA emerged as the most transparent material, achieving up to 76.8% transmittance in the visible spectrum. PETG achieved 52% transparency. ABS, on the other hand, was found to be unsuitable due to its opacity, exhibiting &lt;5% transmittance. Proof-of-concept experiments using these plastics as optical windows for PEC water oxidation TiO₂ and BiVO₄ demonstrated that PLA and PETG enabled satisfactory operation, achieving up to 78% and 52% of the performance of standard quartz windows, respectively. Our findings highlight the potential of 3D-printed plastic windows as viable, low-cost alternatives to traditional quartz components, with the added advantage of customization for specific optical and structural requirements. This study paves the way for scalable, sustainable, and tailored PEC reactor designs, opening opportunities in renewable energy and environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"3925–3934 3925–3934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c00207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Stress Dispersion through Interfacial Strategy in Multidimensional Spacer Fabric Reinforced Polyurethane","authors":"Lujie Wang,&nbsp;Li Xin,&nbsp;Xiaobing Wang,&nbsp;Zhao Ding,&nbsp;Yi Zhou*,&nbsp;Ying Lu,&nbsp;Maziar Ashuri,&nbsp;Hongxiang Chen and Yang Zhou*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c0016910.1021/acsapm.5c00169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00169https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c00169","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Multidimensional structure warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) are integrated with polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) to fabricate shear-resistant reinforced composite materials, demonstrating a 58% enhancement in shear strength compared to pristine PUEs. We quantitatively evaluated the interface thickness and adhesion between WKSFs and PUEs to assess the influence of the physical and chemical properties of the interface on stress conduction and dispersion. The results demonstrate that the stress transfer efficiency and overall reinforcement are highly dependent on the interface quality and the mesh structure of the WKSFs. Finite-element analysis reveals a multidimensional stress dispersion mechanism within the structure, leading to a more effective stress distribution from a theoretical perspective. The findings provide insights into the stress dispersion in different directions of warp-knitted spacer fabric fibers and offer practical guidelines for designing advanced high-performance, energy absorbing, and shear-resistant materials for applications such as protective systems, structural reinforcement, and energy storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 6","pages":"3504–3510 3504–3510"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143713860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}