ACS Applied Polymer Materials最新文献

{"title":"Liquid Metal/Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulfonate) Composite Hydrogels with Multi-Stage Gauge Factors, Pressure Resistance, and Wide pH Stability","authors":"Xinyu He,&nbsp;Hongyue Wang,&nbsp;Ji Wang,&nbsp;Xiwen Xian,&nbsp;Jinwen Wu,&nbsp;Fang Zuo,&nbsp;Caixia Zhou,&nbsp;Shuai He* and Fujian Xu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02223","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Liquid metals are highly desirable in various applications such as electronic skin, soft sensors, and flexible electrodes due to their ultrahigh conductivity and exceptional fluidity. However, their practical utility is hindered by challenges related to the high surface tension and susceptibility to oxidation, leading to poor wettability on hydrophilic substrates. In this study, we present an approach to significantly improve the surface wettability of liquid metals on hydrogels, facilitated by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Through strong polymer chain entanglements, PEDOT:PSS is capable of adsorbing onto the surface of prestretched hydrogels, thereby providing a robust infiltration substrate for liquid metals. Even when immersed in an aqueous solution with a pH of 4–7, liquid metals can be firmly adhered to the PEDOT:PSS surface for up to 30 days. The remarkable infiltration capability of PEDOT:PSS, combined with liquid metals, enables the formation of continuous and stable conductive pathways on the hydrogel surfaces. The resulting conductive hydrogels exhibit different sensitivity factors in three different stretch ratio ranges for various applications in soft electronic systems. This PEDOT:PSS-assisted approach holds promise for applications in soft circuits, sensors, and flexible electronics, thus offering significant potential for wearable sensor technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11713–11722"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Anion-Rich Polymeric Ionic Liquid for the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide, Ethylene Oxide, and Aniline to 3-Phenyl-2-Oxazolidinone","authors":"Yunhui Xia,&nbsp;Ruixuan Zheng,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Zheng Li,&nbsp;Guohui Cai,&nbsp;Mengjia Zhang,&nbsp;Jianghui Lin and Ling Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c01945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c01945","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The one-pot synthesis of 3-aryl-2-oxazolidinone from carbon dioxide (CO₂), epoxides, and aniline represents a promising strategy for CO₂ utilization. However, the efficiency remains far from adequate for industrial deployment, primarily due to the absence of purpose-designed catalysts. Herein, a dual-anion-rich (Br^– and OAc^–) polymeric ionic liquid (P-T_BT_OD-1/1/2) was synthesized via copolymerization of vinyl-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs), 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine bromide ([AlTMG]Br), and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine acetate ([AlTMG]OAc), with divinylbenzene (DVB). The catalytic performance was evaluated for the synthesis of 3-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone from CO₂, ethylene oxide (EO), and aniline in a batch autoclave at 2.5 MPa and 110 °C with a catalyst dosage of 4 wt % (based on aniline) for 1.0 h. The aniline conversion was 100%, and the yield of 3-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone was 75%. While Br^– could effectively promote the cyclization reaction between CO₂ and EO to form ethylene carbonate (EC), its catalytic efficiency in the subsequent conversion of 2-(phenylamino)ethanol and EC to 3-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone was limited. In contrast, OAc^– exhibited significantly superior catalytic performance in this reaction. OAc^– effectively activated aniline and EO to generate 2-(phenylamino)ethanol. The accumulation of 2-(phenylamino)ethanol and EC in the reaction system synergistically drove the equilibrium toward product formation, thereby significantly enhancing the overall yield of 3-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone. Additionally, P-T_BT_OD-1/1/2 exhibited outstanding stability, maintaining the yield of 3-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone almost unchanged after five consecutive runs. These findings indicate that P-T_BT_OD-1/1/2 is a promising candidate catalyst for CO₂ utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11435–11442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-Resistant One-Component Epoxy Resins Based on Synergistic Secondary Interactions between Lignin-Derived Triarylimidazole and Bismaleimide","authors":"Hai Li,&nbsp;Qian Xue Hua,&nbsp;Xiao Hua Zhao,&nbsp;Xin Yu Lu,&nbsp;Dong Wei He,&nbsp;Yun Qi Li and Yang You*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02294","url":null,"abstract":"<p >One-component epoxy resins have attracted considerable interest due to their superior storage stability and processability, with advancements in their development being driven by chemical innovations aimed at regulating the thermal latency of epoxy curing systems. In this study, a preparation method for one-component epoxy resins was proposed, which is highlighted by the excellent storage stability, feasibility, renewability of feedstocks, and enhanced thermal resistance of the cured resin. Specifically, the curing system was composed of aromatic bismaleimide, lignin-derived triarylimidazole, and commercially available epoxy prepolymers. During the mixing stage, the electron-rich imidazole interacted with the electron-deficient maleimide, resulting in the formation of complexes through dipole interactions and π-π stacking. This interaction effectively sequestered the nucleophilic lone pair electrons and electrophilic epoxy groups, significantly improving the storage stability of the curing system at ambient temperature without the need for prepreparation of latent curing agents. As the temperature increased, the weak interactions diminished, releasing the active imidazole, which initiates the homopolymerization of the bismaleimide component and the epoxy component as well as their copolymerization. Consequently, a hybrid network that incorporates both bismaleimide and epoxy resins, with lignin-derived triarylimidazole serving as the linkages, was formed. The bismaleimide resin component substantially enhanced the thermal resistance of the hybrid resin, achieving a lap-shear strength of 3.31 MPa at 250 °C. These findings provide valuable insights for the advancement of one-component epoxy resins and exemplify the high-value utilization of lignin derivatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11841–11850"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wide and Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Polymers Synthesized by a Direct Arylation Polycondensation Method for Ternary Organic Solar Cells","authors":"Mukhamed L. Keshtov,&nbsp;D. P. Kalinkin,&nbsp;Evgenia Antoshkina,&nbsp;Hemraj Dahiya,&nbsp;Supravat Karak,&nbsp;Manish K. Singh and Ganesh D. Sharma*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c01615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c01615","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we report the synthesis of two A1–D–A2–D-type conjugated polymers <b>P139</b> and <b>P141</b> with distinct optical bandgaps, prepared via direct arylation polycondensation. Both polymers incorporate a common wide-bandgap acceptor unit (A1) based on a carbazole-fused dithienoquinoxaline structure and a thiophene donor (D) unit. The key difference lies in their second acceptor unit (A2). <b>P139</b> contains a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based moiety, while <b>P141</b> features a difluorobenzotriazole-based fragment. Optical and electrochemical characterizations reveal that <b>P139</b> exhibits a narrow bandgap of 1.34 eV with HOMO and LUMO energy levels at −5.25 eV and −3.68 eV, respectively. In contrast, <b>P141</b> shows a wider bandgap of 2.00 eV, with HOMO and LUMO levels at −5.46 eV and −3.47 eV. Binary and ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) were fabricated using these polymers as donor materials in combination with a medium-bandgap non-fullerene acceptor (NFA-5). The optimized ternary device, based on a <b>P139</b>:<b>P141</b>:NFA-5 blend, delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.42%, significantly outperforming the binary devices, which achieved 12.12% (<b>P139</b>:NFA5) and 9.48% (<b>P141</b>:NFA5). The enhanced performance of the ternary OSC is attributed to broadened and complementary absorption, efficient energy transfer from <b>P141</b> to <b>P139</b>, improved exciton dissociation due to an increased donor–acceptor interfacial area, balanced charge transport, reduced recombination losses, and improved charge extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11154–11163"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Embedded PMMA Film Enabling High-Efficiency Radiative Cooling via Homogeneous Particle-Pore Architecture","authors":"Yuhan Zhang,&nbsp;Ziqi Dong,&nbsp;Xiaodong Yang,&nbsp;Zengsheng Guo,&nbsp;Fangzheng Qi,&nbsp;Bo Xu,&nbsp;Guang-Ning Liu*,&nbsp;Yiqiang Sun* and Cuncheng Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02610","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology has garnered significant attention as a sustainable cooling solution that enables subambient cooling without additional energy input. The current design strategy for PDRC films mainly relies on composite porous matrices containing inorganic nanoparticles, which have bottleneck problems, such as low material utilization, high process complexity, and high manufacturing costs. In contrast, herein we develop a self-embedded cooling film through nonsolvent-induced phase separation, where poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles spontaneously embed within a PMMA porous matrix. Through the synergistic interaction between particles and pores, an efficient broadband solar light scattering network was constructed, yielding a high solar reflectance of up to 95%. Meanwhile, the integrated structural design enhances the vibrational modes of intrinsic chemical bonds in PMMA, thereby improving mid-infrared radiative performance and enabling a high infrared emissivity of 96%. In addition, the fabrication process is fully scalable, requiring no filler doping or post-treatment. The film delivers a temperature reduction of 15.8 °C under direct sunlight, underscoring its strong potential for practical deployment in passive radiative cooling applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"12066–12073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosin-Based Poly(urethane-urea) with Excellent Self-Healing Ability and UV Shielding","authors":"Wenzhe Niu,&nbsp;Yutao Yang,&nbsp;Zhangyan Shi,&nbsp;Yuedong Xing,&nbsp;Jianben Xu,&nbsp;Xiang Xu* and Faai Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02320","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With global ozone layer depletion, developing sustainable ultraviolet (UV)-shielding materials with high environmental persistence has emerged as a critical challenge. Conventional UV-shielding agents face limitations in biodegradability and durability. In contrast, rosin, a natural biomass featuring hydrogenated phenanthrene rings and π-conjugated systems, exhibits exceptional UV absorption (200–400 nm). In this study, we synergistically integrated dynamic hindered urea bonds (HUBs) with rosin-derived motifs to construct multifunctional rosin-based poly(urethane-urea) networks. Four diisocyanate-derived prepolymers were synthesized and subsequently copolymerized with rosin derivatives via UV curing. The isocyanate architectures were found to govern hydrogen-bonding density, mechanical adaptability (tensile strength: 3.9–16.4 MPa; toughness: 8–19.9 MJ·m^–3), and self-healing performance (88.6% within 24 h at 60 °C). The optimized material achieved 95% UV-A and 100% UV-B shielding efficiencies while maintaining chemical stability (acid, alkali, and high temperature environments). Reversible HUBs further enable recyclability and programmable shape-memory behavior. These features highlight the material’s potential for advanced applications such as smart protective coatings and flexible electronic encapsulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11860–11872"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanically Robust Yet Marine Biodegradable Polyisoprene Rubber Enabled by a Water-Responsive Boronate Ester","authors":"Shun Kumano,&nbsp;Shintaro Nakagawa and Naoko Yoshie*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02233","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Despite the ever-increasing attention given to the global environmental issues caused by polymer material waste, the development of biodegradable yet mechanically reliable rubber materials remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, we developed mechanically robust polyisoprene (PI) rubber with biodegradability in seawater via the use of a water-responsive boronate ester as a dynamic cross-link. Linear PIs with varying molecular weights were derived from natural rubber through metathetic degradation, and their marine biodegradability was studied. The marine biodegradability of the PI progressively increased as the molecular weight decreased. With this knowledge in hand, we proceeded with chain-end modification of low-molecular-weight PI with boronic acid, which could form a hydrolyzable boronate ester (BE) with tannic acid, a naturally occurring polyphenol. Compared with conventional permanently cross-linked PI rubber, which did not show discernible biodegradation, the BE cross-linked PI rubber showed significant biodegradability in an inoculum derived from natural seawater (40–50% mineralization to CO₂ and H₂O in 4 months) while demonstrating comparable mechanical robustness (stress at break = 2.5–3.7 MPa, strain at break = 290–420%, and Young’s modulus = ca. 1.0 MPa in the dry state). This work presents for the first time the possibility of biodegradable yet robust cross-linked rubber that contributes to the realization of a sustainable society.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11750–11759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creep-Resistant Covalent Adaptable Heterogeneous Networks","authors":"Hao Wu,&nbsp;Xing Guo,&nbsp;Ming-Chao Luo* and Shuangquan Liao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02198","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dynamic covalet networks, exemplified by Vitrimers, hold significant promise for sustainable polymers due to their reprocessability and mechanical robustness. However, their susceptibility to creep deformation under sustained stress, driven by dynamic bond mobility, limits practical utility. We report a multiphase Vitrimer elastomer based on transesterification. Two distinct carboxylic acid cross-linkers containing dynamic β-hydroxy ester bonds were highly cross-linked into epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Dithiodibenzoic acid (DS) bearing benzene rings first undergoes preferential aggregation via π–π interactions and thermally cross-links with epoxy groups to form a rigid hard phase, thereby restricting chain slippage and rearrangement at service temperatures to enhance creep resistance. Concurrently, 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DD) establishes a soft phase with epoxy groups in the matrix, while preserving the material’s reprocessability. Stress relaxation and creep tests reveal that the hard domains/regions within the heterogeneous network structure impede segmental relaxation at relatively low temperatures, thereby enhancing the material’s creep resistance. At elevated reprocessing temperatures, however, these hard domains maintain dynamic bond exchange and segmental mobility, while the soft phase facilitates material reprocessability. This work establishes a scalable design framework for Vitrimers that synergistically enhances creep resistance and recyclability, addressing critical demands for durable yet sustainable engineering materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11703–11712"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durable Polysilazane–PVDF Coating for Anti-Graffiti, Anti-Icing, and Environmental Protection of Surfaces","authors":"Amrita Chatterjee,&nbsp;Sushmit Sen,&nbsp;Agrima Yadav and Pradip K. Maji*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02073","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing demand for durable, low-maintenance surfaces in public infrastructure highlights the need for coatings that can withstand environmental stressors while offering anticontaminant functionality. Herein, we develop a multifunctional composite coating based on an acrylic–polysilazane (PSZ)–poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) system that provides broad-spectrum surface protection. Cross-linking between functional acrylics and PSZ generates a robust siloxane (Si–O–Si) network, imparting excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, and strong substrate adhesion. The addition of just 5 wt % PVDF significantly lowers surface energy, enhancing hydrophobicity, UV resistance, and antisoiling performance. The resulting coating exhibits high mechanical durability (5H pencil hardness, 5B adhesion grade), maintains structural integrity under 150 cycles of acid rain–UV exposure and thermal cycling from −35 to 60 °C, and achieves notable iceophobicity, with an ice delay time of 590 s and a rapid melting response at 5 °C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals a 100-fold increase in corrosion resistance over uncoated metal. Moreover, the surface shows strong anti-graffiti performance, allowing effortless removal of inks, paints, and stains without surface damage. This composite system offers a scalable, cost-effective solution with a simple application and broad substrate compatibility. Demonstrated across metals, ceramics, and composites, it holds promise for protecting building exteriors, transit systems, and public facilities. Its combination of environmental resilience, low maintenance, and contaminant repellence positions it as a high-performance coating for modern infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11527–11537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Based on a Phenylsilane/Tri-Piperazine Phosphate Cross-Linking Microaggregate","authors":"Xiaomei Li,&nbsp;Lijun Qian*,&nbsp;Jingyu Wang,&nbsp;Dejin Li and Wei Tang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02405","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The structural and compositional design of flame retardants plays a pivotal role in determining their effectiveness. In this study, a phenylsilane/tri-piperazine phosphate-based cross-linked aggregate (MPNSI) was employed as a char-forming flame retardant for thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV). Compared to the conventional linear piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP), the aggregate MPNSI with the integration of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon-based groups significantly had a higher flame retardant performance in the elastomer. Specifically, a 20 wt % loading of the MPNSI/melamine polyphosphate (MPP) blend enabled TPV to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating at 3.2 mm thickness, compared to 23 wt % required for the PAPP/MPP system. Furthermore, 23 wt % MPNSI/MPP endowed TPV with a UL-94 V-0 rating in the test of a 1.6 mm thickness sample, whereas the PAPP-based formulation failed to pass. The limiting oxygen index was also significantly increased through the MPNSI system. In the cone calorimeter test, MPNSI/MPP with a 23 wt % dosage achieved a 78.0% reduction in the peak heat release rate and a 66.5% reduction in the peak smoke production rate. Beyond flame retardancy, the incorporation of the MPNSI-based system had minimal impact on the mechanical properties of TPV. Notably, the 23 wt % MPNSI/MPP formulation retained a 89.5% level of elongation at break of neat TPV, thus preserving the essential elastomeric characteristics required for functional applications. These findings demonstrate the promise of phenylsilane/tri-piperazine phosphate-based aggregates as an effective strategy for achieving high-performance flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical integrity in elastomers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 17","pages":"11951–11961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145036455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}