物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Quantum tunnelling with tunable spin geometric phases in van der Waals antiferromagnets","authors":"Man Cheng, Qifeng Hu, Yuqiang Huang, Chenyang Ding, Xiao-Bin Qiang, Chenqiang Hua, Hanyan Fang, Jiong Lu, Yuxuan Peng, Jinbo Yang, Chuanying Xi, Li Pi, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Hai-Zhou Lu, Kostya S. Novoselov, Yunhao Lu, Yi Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41567-024-02675-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-024-02675-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electron tunnelling in solids, a fundamental quantum phenomenon, lays the foundation for various modern technologies. The emergence of van der Waals magnets presents opportunities for discovering unconventional tunnelling phenomena. Here, we demonstrate quantum tunnelling with tunable spin geometric phases in a multilayer van der Waals antiferromagnet CrPS₄. The spin geometric phase of electron tunnelling is controlled by magnetic-field-dependent metamagnetic phase transitions. The square lattice of a CrPS₄ monolayer causes strong <i>t</i>_2g-orbital delocalization near the conduction band minimum. This creates a one-dimensional spin system with reversed energy ordering between the <i>t</i>_2g and <i>e</i>_g spin channels, which prohibits both intralayer spin relaxation by means of collective magnon excitations and interlayer spin hopping between the <i>t</i>_2g and <i>e</i>_g spin channels. The resulting coherent electron transmission shows pronounced tunnel magnetoresistance oscillations, manifesting quantum interference of cyclic quantum evolutions of individual electron Bloch waves by means of the time-reversal symmetrical tunnelling loops. Our results suggest the appearance of Aharonov–Anandan phases that originate from the non-adiabatic generalization of the Berry’s phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":19100,"journal":{"name":"Nature Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":19.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-petahertz fieldoscopy of liquid","authors":"Anchit Srivastava, Andreas Herbst, Mahdi M. Bidhendi, Max Kieker, Francesco Tani, Hanieh Fattahi","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01548-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01548-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Measuring transient optical fields is pivotal not only for understanding ultrafast phenomena but also for the quantitative detection of various molecular species in a sample. Here we demonstrate near-petahertz electric field detection of a few femtosecond pulses with 200 attosecond temporal resolution and subfemtojoule detection sensitivity. By field-resolved detection of the impulsively excited molecules in the liquid phase, termed femtosecond fieldoscopy, we demonstrate temporal isolation of the response of the target molecules from those of the environment and the excitation pulse. In a proof-of-concept analysis of aqueous and liquid samples, we demonstrate field-sensitive detection of combination bands of 4.13 μmol ethanol for the first time. This method expands the scope of aqueous sample analysis to higher detection sensitivity and dynamic range, while the simultaneous direct measurements of phase and intensity information pave the path towards high-resolution biological spectro-microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial note to: On the motion of spinning particles in general relativity by Jean-Marie Souriau","authors":"Thibault Damour, Patrick Iglesias-Zemmour","doi":"10.1007/s10714-024-03294-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-024-03294-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The gravitational interaction of (classical and quantum) spinning bodies is currently the focus of many works using a variety of approaches. This note is a comment on a short paper by Jean-Marie Souriau, now reprinted in the GRG Golden Oldies collection. Souriau’s short 1970 note was a pioneering contribution to a symplectic description of the dynamics of spinning particles in general relativity which remained somewhat unnoticed. We explain the specificity of Souriau’s approach and emphasize its potential interest within the current flurry of activity on the gravitational interaction of spinning particles.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semiconductor thermoradiative power conversion","authors":"Michael P. Nielsen, Andreas Pusch, Phoebe M. Pearce, Muhammad H. Sazzad, Peter J. Reece, Martin A. Green, Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes","doi":"10.1038/s41566-024-01537-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01537-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Power can be generated from radiative exchange between two bodies with different temperatures—from the radiative cooling of the Earth’s surface into space, for example. Thermoradiative diodes are low-bandgap optoelectronic devices in which the occupancies of the valence and conduction bands are established through radiative exchange with the external environment. A warm diode viewing cold surroundings will spontaneously develop a reverse electrical bias, which, combined with the recombination current from the radiative imbalance, generates electrical power. Here we review the operating principles of the thermoradiative diode in both the radiative limit and in the presence of non-radiative processes. We discuss some present limitations and opportunities for improved performance together with potential applications such as night-sky power generation and waste-heat recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":18926,"journal":{"name":"Nature Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":35.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ‘alien’ called the Oosterhoff dichotomy?","authors":"E. Luongo, V. Ripepi, M. Marconi, Z. Prudil, M. Rejkuba, G. Clementini, G. Longo","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451596","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Aims.<i/> In this Letter we investigate the origin of the Oosterhoff dichotomy in light of recent discoveries related to several ancient merging events of external galaxies with the Milky Way (MW). In particular, we aim to clarify if the subdivision in terms of the Oosterhoff type between Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) and field RR Lyrae (RRLs) can be traced back to one or more ancient galaxies that merged with the MW in its past.<i>Methods.<i/> We first explored the association of GGCs with the past merging events according to different literature studies. Subsequently, we compiled the positions, proper motions, and radial velocities of 10 138 field RRL variables from <i>Gaia<i/> Data Release 3. To infer the distances, we adopted the <i>M<i/><sub><i>G<i/><sub/>–[Fe/H] relation, with [Fe/H] values estimated via empirical relationships involving individual periods and Fourier parameters. We then calculated the orbits and the integrals of motion using the Python library Galpy for the whole sample. By comparing the location of the field RRLs in the energy–angular momentum diagram with that of the GGCs, we determined their likely origin. Finally, using <i>GaiaG<i/>-band light curves, we determined the Oosterhoff types of our RRL stars based on their location in the Bailey diagram.<i>Results.<i/> The analysis of the Bailey diagrams for Galactic RRL stars and GGCs associated with an ‘in situ’ versus ‘accreted’ halo origin shows remarkable differences. The in situ sample shows a wide range of metallicities with a continuous distribution and no sign of the Oosterhoff dichotomy. Conversely, the accreted RRLs clearly show the Oosterhoff dichotomy and a significantly smaller dispersion in metallicity.<i>Conclusions.<i/> Our results suggest that the Oosterhoff dichotomy was imported into the MW by the merging events that shaped the Galaxy.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Circular Polarizations Coexisting with Bound States in the Continuum Without Breaking Symmetry","authors":"Xiao Zhang, JiPeng Xu, ZhiHong Zhu","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202401138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202401138","url":null,"abstract":"Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have been engineered in periodic photonic systems to achieve diverse polarization behavior in momentum space. By breaking C₂^z symmetry of photonic crystal slabs (PhCS), purely circular polarization, which hold significant potential for applications in topological physics and chiral optics, can be achieved near the BICs. In this study, the intriguing phenomenon of BICs on the degenerate band of PhCS with a triangular lattice featuring cylindrical holes are investigated. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on BICs on non-degenerate photonic bands, this research reveals a sophisticated interplay between BICs and Dirac points on the more intricate degenerate photonic band. This interaction gives birth to two pairs of purely circular polarizations with opposite chirality, even without breaking any symmetry of the PhCS. Additionally, It is find that by further breaking the <i>σ_z</i> mirror symmetry of the PhCS, these purely circular polarization states can be significantly amplified. This findings not only enrich the polarization responses of high-Q photonic devices but also enables the modulation of chiral light, laying the groundwork for the creation of high-quality optical devices with precisely engineered polarization properties.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Eco-Friendly Colloidal Quantum Dots and their Application in Light Emitting Diodes: Achieving Bright and Color-Pure Emission for Displays","authors":"Ali Imran Channa, Sai Bai, Zhiming M. Wang, Xin Tong","doi":"10.1002/lpor.202400678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.202400678","url":null,"abstract":"Solution-processable colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are regarded as promising light emitters for next-generation displays owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and broad color tunability. Even though cadmium (Cd)-based QDs and relevant electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs) progressed rapidly, their commercial deployment remains prohibited due to potential environmental concerns. In this review, recent advances in synthesizing eco-friendly, bright, and color-pure emitting QDs including InP, ZnSeTe, and AgInGaS₂ (AIGS) QDs toward high-performing LEDs are presented. In particular, the synthetic strategies such as regulating the composition, core/shell structure, and surface ligands of QDs for enhancing the PLQY and reducing the spectral bandwidth are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, various techniques to obtain high-performance QDs-based LEDs (QLEDs) involving device architecture and interface engineering as well as modification in electron and hole transport layers are overviewed. Finally, the existing challenges and outlook regarding the optimization of QD's synthesis and optical properties for boosted QLEDs device performance are put forward to enable prospective advanced displays.","PeriodicalId":204,"journal":{"name":"Laser & Photonics Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escape of fast radio bursts from magnetars","authors":"E. Sobacchi, M. Iwamoto, L. Sironi, T. Piran","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451725","url":null,"abstract":"Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright extragalactic transients likely produced by magnetars. We study the propagation of FRBs in magnetar winds, assuming that the wind is strongly magnetized and composed of electron-positron pairs. We focused on the regime where the strength parameter of the radio wave, <i>a<i/><sub>0<sub/>, is larger than unity and the wave frequency, <i>ω<i/><sub>0<sub/>, is larger than the Larmor frequency in the background magnetic field, <i>ω<i/><sub>L<sub/>. We show that strong radio waves with <i>a<i/><sub>0<sub/> > 1 are able to propagate when <i>ω<i/><sub>0<sub/> > <i>a<i/><sub>0<sub/><i>ω<i/><sub>L<sub/>, as the plasma current is a linear function of the wave electric field. The dispersion relation is independent of the wave strength parameter when <i>ω<i/><sub>0<sub/> > <i>a<i/><sub>0<sub/><i>ω<i/><sub>L<sub/>. Radio waves could instead be damped when <i>ω<i/><sub>0<sub/> < <i>a<i/><sub>0<sub/><i>ω<i/><sub>L<sub/>, as a significant fraction of the wave energy is used to compress the plasma and amplify the background magnetic field. Our results suggest that FRBs should be produced at large distances from the magnetar (i.e., <i>R<i/> > 10<sup>12<sup/> cm, where the condition <i>ω<i/><sub>0<sub/> > <i>a<i/><sub>0<sub/><i>ω<i/><sub>L<sub/> is satisfied). Alternatively, the structure of the magnetar wind should be strongly modified during a flare to allow for the escape of FRBs produced at radii <i>R<i/> < 10<sup>12<sup/> cm.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A photo-z cautionary tale: Redshift confirmation of COSBO-7 at z = 2.625","authors":"Shuowen Jin, Nikolaj B. Sillassen, Jacqueline Hodge, Georgios E. Magdis, Francesca Rizzo, Caitlin Casey, Anton M. Koekemoer, Francesco Valentino, Vasily Kokorev, Benjamin Magnelli, Raphael Gobat, Steven Gillman, Maximilien Franco, Andreas Faisst, Jeyhan Kartaltepe, Eva Schinnerer, Sune Toft, Hiddo S. B. Algera, Santosh Harish, Minju Lee, Daizhong Liu, Marko Shuntov, Margherita Talia, Aswin Vijayan","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202451445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451445","url":null,"abstract":"Photometric redshifts are widely used in studies of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs), but catastrophic photo-<i>z<i/> failure can undermine all redshift-dependent results. Here we report the spectroscopic redshift confirmation of COSBO-7, a strongly lensed DSFG in the COSMOS-PRIMER field. Recently, a photometric redshift solution of <i>z<i/> ≳ 7.0 was reported for COSBO-7 based on ten bands of <i>James Webb<i/> Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam and MIRI imaging data. This <i>z<i/> value was favored by four independent spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes, and the result provided an appealing candidate for the most distant massive DSFG known to date. This photo-<i>z<i/> solution was also supported by a single line detection in Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 3 consistent with CO(7–6) at <i>z<i/> = 7.46. However, our new ALMA observations robustly detect two lines in Band 6 identified as CO(7–6) and [CI](2–1) at <i>z<i/><sub>spec<sub/> = 2.625, and thus the Band 3 line as CO(3–2). These three robust line detections decidedly place COSBO-7 at <i>z<i/> = 2.625, refuting the photo-<i>z<i/> solution. We derive physical parameters by fitting near-infrared(NIR)-to-millimeter(mm) photometry and lens modeling, revealing that COSBO-7 is a main sequence galaxy. We examine possible reasons for this photo-<i>z<i/> failure and attribute it to (1) the likely underestimation of photometric uncertainties at 0.9 μm and 1.15 μm; and (2) the lack of photometry at wavelengths beyond 20 μm. Notably, we recover a bona fide <i>z<i/><sub>phot<sub/> ∼ 2.3 by including the existing MIPS 24 μm photometry, demonstrating the critical importance of mid-infrared (MIR) data in bolstering photo-<i>z<i/> measurements. This work highlights a common challenge in modeling the SEDs of DSFGs, and provides a cautionary tale regarding the reliability of photometric redshifts as well as pseudo-spectroscopic redshifts based on single line detection.","PeriodicalId":8571,"journal":{"name":"Astronomy & Astrophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Republication of: On the motion of spinning particles in general relativity by Jean-Marie Souriau","authors":"Jean-Marie Souriau","doi":"10.1007/s10714-024-03295-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-024-03295-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper was a pioneering contribution to a symplectic description of the dynamics of spinning particles in general relativity which remained somewhat unnoticed. In particular, it introduced the pre-symplectic 2-form <span>(sigma )</span> describing the dynamics of spinning particles coupled to an Einsteinian curved background. The method throws light on approaches to spinning black holes and neutron stars.</p>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}