物理与天体物理最新文献

{"title":"Prior guided deep difference meta-learner for fast adaptation to stylized segmentation.","authors":"Dan Nguyen, Anjali Balagopal, Ti Bai, Michael Dohopolski, Mu-Han Lin, Steve Jiang","doi":"10.1088/2632-2153/adc970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/adc970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiotherapy treatment planning requires segmenting anatomical structures in various styles, influenced by guidelines, protocols, preferences, or dose planning needs. Deep learning-based auto-segmentation models, trained on anatomical definitions, may not match local clinicians' styles at new institutions. Adapting these models can be challenging without sufficient resources. We hypothesize that consistent differences between segmentation styles and anatomical definitions can be learned from initial patients and applied to pre-trained models for more precise segmentation. We propose a Prior-guided deep difference meta-learner (DDL) to learn and adapt these differences. We collected data from 440 patients for model development and 30 for testing. The dataset includes contours of the prostate clinical target volume (CTV), parotid, and rectum. We developed a deep learning framework that segments new images with a matching style using example styles as a prior, without model retraining. The pre-trained segmentation models were adapted to three different clinician styles for post-operative CTV for prostate, parotid gland, and rectum segmentation. We tested the model's ability to learn unseen styles and compared its performance with transfer learning, using varying amounts of prior patient style data (0-10 patients). Performance was quantitatively evaluated using dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance. With exposure to only three patients for the model, the average DSC (%) improved from 78.6, 71.9, 63.0, 69.6, 52.2 and 46.3-84.4, 77.8, 73.0, 77.8, 70.5, 68.1, for CTV_style1, CTV_style2, CTV_style3, Parotid_superficial, Rectum_superior, and Rectum_posterior, respectively. The proposed Prior-guided DDL is a fast and effortless network for adapting a structure to new styles. The improved segmentation accuracy may result in reduced contour editing time, providing a more efficient and streamlined clinical workflow.</p>","PeriodicalId":33757,"journal":{"name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","volume":"6 2","pages":"025016"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum fisher information reveals UV-IR mixing in the strange metal","authors":"David Bałut ,&nbsp;Xuefei Guo ,&nbsp;Niels de Vries ,&nbsp;Dipanjan Chaudhuri ,&nbsp;Barry Bradlyn ,&nbsp;Peter Abbamonte ,&nbsp;Philip W. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.physc.2025.1354750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physc.2025.1354750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The density-density response in optimally doped Bi<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>Sr<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>CaCu<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> has recently been shown to exhibit conformal symmetry. Using, the experimentally inferred conformal dynamic susceptibility, we compute the resultant quantum Fisher information (QFI), a witness to multi-partite entanglement. For a Fermi liquid, we find that the QFI grows quadratically as the temperature increases, consistent then with the phase space available for scattering in the standard theory of metals. By contrast, the QFI in a strange metal increases as a power law at as the temperature decreases, but ultimately extrapolates to a constant at <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>. The constant is of the form, <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>Δ</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span> is the conformal dimension and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is the UV cutoff which is on the order of the pseudogap. As this constant depends on both UV and IR properties, it illustrates that multipartite entanglement in a strange metal exhibits UV-IR mixing, a benchmark feature of doped Mott insulators as exemplified by dynamical spectral weight transfer. We conclude with a discussion of the implication of our results for low-energy reductions of the Hubbard model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20159,"journal":{"name":"Physica C-superconductivity and Its Applications","volume":"635 ","pages":"Article 1354750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verified comprehensive approach for the design of optically pumped Sub-Picosecond passively Mode-Locked VECSEL","authors":"Mohamad Javad Eshghi,&nbsp;Mohamad Hasan Yavari","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a design method for the passively mode-locked Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VECSEL) combining the Haus master equation (HME) with the traveling wave model (TWM). In the traditional method for solving the HME using the split-step Fourier transform, the gain chip is considered as an operator in the frequency domain. However, this approach does not adequately address how variations in the pump power affect the laser output and carrier density. On the other hand, the TWM provides a detailed modeling of laser outputs and carrier density rates based on the parameters of the gain and absorber chips. However, this approach is not suitable for long-cavity configurations due to the exceptionally large processing volume required. The method introduced in this paper resolves this problem by coupling the HME with the TWM equations, thereby accurately determining how laser output and carrier density depend on parameters such as pump power and chip structure. In this regard, we designed a Z-type cavity configuration using this model to achieve a stable pulse train with a duration of 795 fs and an average output power of 900 mW, operating at a pulse repetition rate of 892.5 MHz corresponding to 1.13 kW peak power. This model can analyze the dynamics of the carrier density and output pulse of laser, as well as identify regions of pulse instability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of coupling the HME with TWM to achieve kilowatt peak power pulses in passively mode-locked VECSELs, while also investigating the effect of optical pump power on the formation of the output pulse and the rate of change of carrier density within the active medium and the SESAM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 113343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Atmospheric response to high-resolution topographical and radiative forcings in a general circulation model of Venus: Time-mean structures of waves and variances” [Icarus 355 (2021) 114154]","authors":"Masaru Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Kohei Ikeda ,&nbsp;Masaaki Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13199,"journal":{"name":"Icarus","volume":"441 ","pages":"Article 116706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental assessment of a programmable Electroacoustic Liner in a representative turbofan facility","authors":"E. De Bono ,&nbsp;E. Salze ,&nbsp;M. Collet ,&nbsp;M. Gillet ,&nbsp;M. Ouisse ,&nbsp;M. Volery ,&nbsp;H. Lissek ,&nbsp;J. Mardjono","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Flightpath 2050 European Union stringent regulations for aviation noise reduction, along with the new generation of Ultra-High-Bypass-Ratio turbofans to reduce fuel consumption, significantly challenge the scientific community to find unprecedented acoustic liner designs. The SALUTE H2020 project has taken up this challenge, by designing and testing a programmable metasurface made up of electroacoustic resonators. Each electroacoustic resonator is composed by a loudspeaker and four microphones in a compact design, allowing to synthesize tunable local impedance behaviours thanks to a current-driven control strategy. A steel wiremesh mounted onto a perforated plate allows to protect the elctromechanical devices from the aerodynamic disturbances. For the first time, such advanced liner concept has been tested in a scaled turbofan rig: the ECL-B3 PHARE-2 in the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics of the Ecole Centrale of Lyon. The performances of the electroacoustic liner reported in this paper, correspond to three different regimes: 30%, 40% and 100% of the nominal engine speed. The electroacoustic technology demonstrated robustness faced with a realistic reproduction of actual turbofan conditions, as well as its tunability to target different frequency bandwidth, attaining good radiated noise reduction. The results reported in this experimental campaign open the doors for unprecedented liner designs, by exploiting the huge potentialities of programmable surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magneto-optic properties of the 128° Y-cut LiNbO3 by rotating its crystalline orientation","authors":"Xinbing Jiao,&nbsp;Wenpei Chen,&nbsp;Haipeng He","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LiNbO₃ is extensively researched for its diverse functional characteristics. LiNbO₃ is often used as an element in magnetic and optical sensors. However, its magneto-optic properties are seldom reported. Here, the Stokes parameters, Faraday and Kerr effects, transmittance, and reflectivity of the 128° Y-cut LiNbO₃ as it rotates from 0 to 360° are studied by PAX 5710 IR3 polarimeters. The magneto-optic properties of the 128° Y-cut LiNbO₃ are studied with linearly and circularly polarized laser beams. The findings indicate that the Stokes parameters, transmittance, and reflectivity of the 128° Y-cut LiNbO₃ are influenced by the rotation angle and magnetic fields. The adjusted R-square values of the transmittance of the 128° Y-cut LiNbO₃ irradiated by linearly and circularly polarized laser beams are 0.99773 and 0.80854, respectively. The Faraday effect observed in the 128° Y-cut LiNbO₃ with the linearly polarized laser beam suggests potential advancements in the design and analysis of magneto-optic optical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 113399"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vortex-shaped acoustic black holes in rotational arrangement for low-frequency vibration suppression","authors":"Taehwan Son,&nbsp;Seongmin Park,&nbsp;Wonju Jeon","doi":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apacoust.2025.110862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a new design of two-dimensional acoustic black hole (2D ABH) aimed at vibration suppression across low and broadband frequencies. The proposed 2D ABH occupies a circular installation space, with multiple vortex-shaped ABHs arranged rotationally along the circumference, exhibiting a whirlpool-like configuration when viewed from above. Each vortex-shaped ABH is formed by coiling a width-tapered straight ABH along a newly designed spiral profile, intended to accommodate a long ABH for a low cut-on frequency and to guide flexural waves from a host structure to the ABH tip. The proposed 2D ABH is embedded within a plate and suppresses broadband vibrations, reducing the surface-averaged mobility by up to 20 dB in the 60–2000 Hz frequency range. Compared to a conventional 2D ABH with a cut-on frequency of around 60 Hz, the proposed ABH requires less than 2 % of the installation area. By breaking rotational symmetry in the arrangement of the proposed vortex-shaped ABHs, we could further reduce structural vibrations in the plate compared to a rotationally symmetric arrangement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55506,"journal":{"name":"Applied Acoustics","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 110862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical frequency domain reflectometer based on spectral segmented normalized cross correlation","authors":"Kaijun Liu ,&nbsp;Guolu Yin ,&nbsp;Yuyang Lou ,&nbsp;Liuxi Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-correlation is an algorithm that sums the product of sliding data, commonly used to determine wavelength shift in the local Rayleigh scattering spectrum of optical frequency domain reflectometers. Due to the fluctuation of Rayleigh scattering intensity, additional noise can be introduced during the cross-correlation process. This effect is particularly pronounced in the high spatial resolution, the intensity distribution of the local Rayleigh scattering spectrum no longer exhibits statistical properties, leading to an imbalance in its Rayleigh distribution. Certain high-amplitude intensity points can introduce additional noise, and it will cause a significant reduction in the algorithm’s resistance to intensity fluctuations, which may result in fake peaks affecting the demodulation outcomes. This work introduces a segmented normalization cross-correlation algorithm to address the significant errors in traditional cross-correlation result. The major technical way is to reduce the influence of the local Rayleigh scattering spectrum intensity fluctuation through segmented normalization. This approach aims to diminish the intensity of fake peaks in the cross-correlation process, thereby mitigating large errors. Using the proposed algorithm, measurements with a spatial resolution of 3.2 mm were achieved at 3000 με, and the spatial resolution has been improved by 5.6 times compared to traditional cross-correlation demodulation algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 113392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-aware POD-based learning for Ab initio QEM-Galerkin simulations of periodic nanostructures","authors":"Martin Veresko,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Daqing Hou,&nbsp;Ming-Cheng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpc.2025.109718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum nanostructures offer crucial applications in electronics, photonics, materials, drugs, etc. For accurate design and analysis of nanostructures and materials, simulations of the Schrӧdinger or Schrӧdinger-like equation are always needed. For large nanostructures, these eigenvalue problems can be computationally intensive. One effective solution is a learning method via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), together with <em>ab initio</em> Galerkin projection of the Schrӧdinger equation. POD-Galerkin projects the problem onto a reduced-order space with the POD basis representing electron wave functions (WFs) guided by the first principles in simulations. To minimize training effort and enhance robustness of POD-Galerkin in larger structures, the quantum element method (QEM) was proposed previously, which partitions nanostructures into generic quantum elements. Larger nanostructures can then be constructed by the trained generic quantum elements, each of which is represented by its POD-Galerkin model. This work investigates QEM-Galerkin thoroughly in multi-element quantum-dot (QD) structures on approaches to further improve training effectiveness and simulation accuracy and efficiency for QEM-Galerkin. To further improve computing speed, POD and Fourier bases for periodic potentials are also examined in QEM-Galerkin simulations. Results indicate that, considering efficiency and accuracy, the POD potential basis is superior to the Fourier potential basis even for periodic potentials. Overall, QEM-Galerkin offers more than a 2-order speedup in computation over direct numerical simulation for multi-element QD structures, and more improvement is observed in a structure comprising more elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":285,"journal":{"name":"Computer Physics Communications","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 109718"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exact, Average, and Broken Symmetries in a Simple Adaptive Monitored Circuit","authors":"Zhi Li, Zhu-Xi Luo","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-06-17-1771","url":null,"abstract":"Symmetry is a powerful tool for understanding phases of matter in equilibrium. Quantum circuits with measurements have recently emerged as a platform for novel states of matter intrinsically out of equilibrium. Can symmetry be used as an organizing principle for these novel states, their phases and phase transitions? In this work, we give an affirmative answer to this question in a simple adaptive monitored circuit, which hosts an ordering transition in addition to a separate entanglement transition, upon tuning a single parameter. Starting from a symmetry-breaking initial state, depending on the tuning parameter, the steady state could (i) remain symmetry-broken, (ii) exhibit the average symmetry in the ensemble of trajectories, or (iii) exhibit the exact symmetry for each trajectory. The ordering transition is mapped to the transition in a classical majority vote model, described by the Ising universality class, while the entanglement transition lies in the percolation class. Numerical simulations are further presented to support the analytical understandings.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144305463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}