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Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science最新文献

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What We Have Learned from NICER About Neutron Star Radii 我们从NICER中学到的中子星半径
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-043815
M. Coleman Miller
{"title":"What We Have Learned from NICER About Neutron Star Radii","authors":"M. Coleman Miller","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-043815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-043815","url":null,"abstract":"The cores of neutron stars have a combination of density, temperature, and neutron–proton asymmetry that cannot be replicated in laboratories or understood using first-principles quantum chromodynamics. Thus, observations of neutron stars are necessary to understand this regime. In particular, precise and accurate measurements of neutron star radii are highly informative about cold, catalyzed matter at a few times nuclear saturation density. X-ray observations with NASA's Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) have yielded radius measurements for a few nonaccreting neutron stars, which have advanced substantially our understanding of dense matter. In this review we discuss the NICER radius measurements and their implications and demonstrate that the systematic errors thus far explored in NICER analyses have at most a minor effect on the inferred radii of neutron stars.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Quest for Superheavy Nuclei: An Experimental Perspective 对超重核的探索：一个实验的视角
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-103404
Jacklyn M. Gates, Jennifer L. Pore
{"title":"The Quest for Superheavy Nuclei: An Experimental Perspective","authors":"Jacklyn M. Gates, Jennifer L. Pore","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-103404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-103404","url":null,"abstract":"As experimentalists currently pursue the expansion of the periodic table into the eighth row, with searches for elements 119 and 120 underway, it is a timely moment to reflect on the nearly century-long history of synthetic element discovery. From the initial production of elements beyond uranium to the recent completion of the seventh row, this review offers a comprehensive overview of the significant milestones and advancements in expanding the periodic table. Historically, the search for new elements has captivated the public's imagination while also providing a unique window into fundamental science. This is particularly evident in the discovery and study of superheavy elements, which enable direct experimental exploration of the extremes of nuclear science and chemistry. This review explores the major developments and breakthroughs in synthetic element discovery, showcasing the intricate relationship between scientific curiosity, innovative research, and the ongoing quest to expand our understanding of the periodic table.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Quest for Superheavy Nuclei: A Theoretical Perspective 对超重核的探索：一个理论视角
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-104345
C. Simenel, Lu Guo, K. Sekizawa
{"title":"The Quest for Superheavy Nuclei: A Theoretical Perspective","authors":"C. Simenel, Lu Guo, K. Sekizawa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-104345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-104345","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of superheavy nuclei (SHNs) lies at the forefront of nuclear physics, enabling researchers to probe the limits of nuclear stability and the influence of shell effects. This review summarizes recent theoretical advances in understanding SHN formation and decay, emphasizing time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and its extensions as microscopic tools to describe heavy-ion dynamics. Hybrid approaches combining TDDFT with coupled-channels, Langevin, and statistical models are discussed as means to connect microscopic predictions with experimental observables. The roles of fusion hindrance, quasi-fission, and multinucleon transfer are examined in terms of dissipation, shell structure, and deformation effects. Recent progress in computational power has enabled three-dimensional time-dependent mean-field (and beyond) simulations that include pairing and fluctuation dynamics. Perspectives are given on future developments toward a fully predictive description of superheavy element synthesis and the exploration of the upper limits of the nuclear landscape.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Physics and Prospects of Super Tau–Charm Factories 超级头魅力工厂的物理和前景
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-023932
Alexey A. Petrov, Yangheng Zheng
{"title":"The Physics and Prospects of Super Tau–Charm Factories","authors":"Alexey A. Petrov, Yangheng Zheng","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-023932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-023932","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed super tau–charm factories are a powerful new class of high-luminosity electron–positron colliders operating in the center-of-mass energy range between 2 and 7 GeV, a region that spans thresholds for tau leptons, open-charm hadrons, charmonium and charmonium-like states, hyperons, and light hadrons. With unprecedented data samples, threshold kinematics, and quantum-coherent production, these facilities offer unique opportunities to advance precision tests of the Standard Model and to search for physics beyond it. In this review, we examine the physics prospects of the Super Tau–Charm Facility, focusing on precision charm measurements, <jats:italic>CP</jats:italic> violation in mesons and baryons, tau-lepton properties and rare decays, and nonperturbative QCD phenomena such as hadronization, spectroscopy, and time-like form factors. We also discuss the experimental landscape, technological challenges, and complementarity with existing and planned facilities. Together, these capabilities position super tau–charm factories at the forefront of the precision frontier in particle physics.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Phase Structure of QCD: Fluctuations and Correlations QCD的相结构：涨落与关联
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-014902
P. Braun-Munzinger, A. Rustamov, N. Xu
{"title":"The Phase Structure of QCD: Fluctuations and Correlations","authors":"P. Braun-Munzinger, A. Rustamov, N. Xu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-014902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-014902","url":null,"abstract":"The strong interaction, governed by quantum chromodynamics (QCD), shapes the structure of the visible Universe. At about 10 μs after the big bang, the quark–gluon plasma (QGP)—the primordial matter made up of quarks and gluons plus leptons, photons, and neutrinos—became cool enough to create, in a phase transition, the protons and neutrons of ordinary matter, along with other strongly interacting unstable hadrons. This new phase of matter was predicted within the framework of QCD and has been studied in accelerator laboratories worldwide for about 40 years to date. This review explores recent breakthroughs in the study of the QCD phase diagram. We highlight measurements of particle production and fluctuations and compare them with theoretical predictions. We summarize our current understanding of the QCD structure and outline future experimental opportunities with high-energy nuclear collisions at fixed-target and collider facilities worldwide.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Precision Physics with Muons: A Decade of Theoretical and Experimental Advances 精确物理学与μ子：十年的理论和实验进展
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-024335
Bertrand Echenard, Alexey A. Petrov
{"title":"Precision Physics with Muons: A Decade of Theoretical and Experimental Advances","authors":"Bertrand Echenard, Alexey A. Petrov","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-024335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-024335","url":null,"abstract":"The muon has been instrumental in establishing the Standard Model of particle physics and continues to play a key role in exploring the nature of New Physics. A global program is underway to enhance the discovery potential of a wide range of muon probes, with significant increases in sensitivity anticipated over the next decade. In this review, we examine recent experimental advancements in the study of muon decays, the determination of the muon magnetic and electric dipole moments, and the search for charged lepton flavor-violating transitions. We explore the implications for scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model and focus on models involving light new particles, such as axions and hidden sectors. Opportunities from novel experimental concepts and proposals for new muon facilities are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Erratum: Sustainability and Carbon Emissions of Future Accelerators 勘误：未来加速器的可持续性和碳排放
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-08-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ns-75-081426-200001
Kenneth Bloom,Véronique Boisvert
{"title":"Erratum: Sustainability and Carbon Emissions of Future Accelerators","authors":"Kenneth Bloom,Véronique Boisvert","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ns-75-081426-200001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ns-75-081426-200001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148894029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atomic Spectroscopy Probes of New Physics 新物理的原子光谱探针
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-025126
Cédric Delaunay, Jean-Philippe Karr, Yotam Soreq
{"title":"Atomic Spectroscopy Probes of New Physics","authors":"Cédric Delaunay, Jean-Philippe Karr, Yotam Soreq","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-025126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-025126","url":null,"abstract":"Precision spectroscopy has long played a central role in testing the foundations of physics, from the early insights that led to the development of quantum mechanics to the validation of quantum electrodynamics and the determination of fundamental constants. Today, advances in atomic and molecular spectroscopy enable sensitive searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. A broad class of well-motivated extensions predicts new light degrees of freedom with feeble couplings to electrons, muons, and nucleons, giving rise to tiny spin-independent interactions that can be probed at low energies. In this review, we present a unified overview of spectroscopic searches for such interactions. We discuss the effective theoretical framework connecting fundamental interactions to atomic and nuclear observables, survey the key experimental and theoretical strategies, and review the atomic and molecular systems that provide the strongest sensitivity. We conclude with updated spectroscopic constraints on representative benchmark models, highlighting the unique and complementary role of precision spectroscopy in exploring new fundamental interactions.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"351 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electromagnetic and Exotic Moments in Nuclear Density Functional Theory 核密度泛函理论中的电磁矩和奇异矩
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-043424
J. Dobaczewski, B.C. Backes, R.P. de Groote, A. Restrepo-Giraldo, X. Sun, H. Wibowo
{"title":"Electromagnetic and Exotic Moments in Nuclear Density Functional Theory","authors":"J. Dobaczewski, B.C. Backes, R.P. de Groote, A. Restrepo-Giraldo, X. Sun, H. Wibowo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-043424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-043424","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic interactions serve as essential probes for studying and testing our understanding of the atomic nucleus, as they reveal emergent properties across the nuclear chart. We analyze their corresponding observables, which relate to charge and current distributions in nuclei expressed through their multipole components. We focus on theoretical results obtained within nuclear density functional theory (DFT) to derive self-consistent, symmetry-restored nuclear wave functions along with their spectroscopic multipole moments. We demonstrate how these compare with experimental data. We also discuss potential improvements in the formulation of magnetic dipole operators by including two-body meson-exchange contributions. Discussions of exotic symmetry-breaking moments emphasize their importance for understanding fine details of fundamental nuclear interactions.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rare and Experimentally Challenging Supersymmetry Signatures 罕见且具有实验挑战性的超对称特征
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-021701
Laura Jeanty, Lawrence Lee
{"title":"Rare and Experimentally Challenging Supersymmetry Signatures","authors":"Laura Jeanty, Lawrence Lee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-021701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-021701","url":null,"abstract":"Supersymmetry has long played a central role in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model at colliders, providing a comprehensive and internally consistent framework for generating well-motivated experimental signatures. For more than 15 years of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operation, the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations have achieved remarkable sensitivity to a wide range of supersymmetric signatures. Despite this unprecedented reach, no conclusive evidence for supersymmetry has emerged. If supersymmetry is nature's solution to outstanding questions in particle physics, it is necessarily challenging to find. In this article, we review supersymmetric signatures that are particularly rare or otherwise challenging, with a focus on searches at the LHC. We highlight experimental challenges related to detector constraints and analysis difficulties, in addition to model challenges in the interpretation and optimization of searches. We also identify regions of signature space that remain comparatively unconstrained and therefore represent promising targets for future exploration.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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