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Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science最新文献

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Very Heavy and Composite Dark Matter: Theory and Experimental Searches 极重和复合暗物质：理论和实验研究
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-114307
Joseph Bramante
{"title":"Very Heavy and Composite Dark Matter: Theory and Experimental Searches","authors":"Joseph Bramante","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-114307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-114307","url":null,"abstract":"Dark matter much heavier than the weak scale remains a comparatively unexplored frontier. This review surveys theoretical and experimental developments on very heavy dark matter, including composite and dissipative formation mechanisms, multiscatter detection, and astrophysical searches.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Muon: Status and Perspectives 介子的异常磁矩：现状与展望
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-040841
David W. Hertzog, Martin Hoferichter
{"title":"The Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Muon: Status and Perspectives","authors":"David W. Hertzog, Martin Hoferichter","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-040841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102422-040841","url":null,"abstract":"We review the status of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon as a precision probe of physics beyond the Standard Model after the release of the final results from the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Muon <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> − 2 experiment and the second white paper of the Muon <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> − 2 Theory Initiative. While the Standard Model prediction requires further improvements by a factor of four to fully leverage the sensitivity achieved in experiment, the FNAL measurement will set the standard for many years to come, and we discuss a variety of features of the experimental campaign that made this achievement possible. In going forward, we discuss current efforts to improve the Standard Model prediction, and we imagine how an experiment would have to be devised to surpass 124 ppb in precision.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Higgs Boson Couplings: Present and Future 希格斯玻色子耦合：现在和未来
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-022222
Fabio Cerutti, Roberto Salerno
{"title":"Higgs Boson Couplings: Present and Future","authors":"Fabio Cerutti, Roberto Salerno","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-022222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100824-022222","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key aspects of the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism, which is at the origin of the electroweak symmetry breaking of the Standard Model of particle physics, is that it provides a strict relationship between particles’ masses and their couplings to the Higgs boson. In addition, the self-interactions of the Higgs boson can be studied by measuring Higgs boson pair production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), providing information on the Higgs potential and the electroweak spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this article, the state of the art of the measurements of the Higgs boson production rates and decay branching ratios at the LHC are reviewed, including interpretations in terms of coupling modifiers and effective field theories. The potential of the High-Luminosity program at the LHC and prospects at future colliders are also briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward the Limits of Nuclear Existence: First Science with FRIB 走向核存在的极限：第一科学与FRIB
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100941
A. Gade, A.O. Macchiavelli
{"title":"Toward the Limits of Nuclear Existence: First Science with FRIB","authors":"A. Gade, A.O. Macchiavelli","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100941","url":null,"abstract":"The opportunity to explore the properties of short-lived atomic nuclei—or rare isotopes—in laboratories has enabled discoveries across the sciences related to the nature of the nuclear force and the limits of nuclear existence, the origin of the elements in the Universe, the cosmic matter–antimatter asymmetry, and the application of rare isotopes for society and the nation. The newest-generation Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) on the campus of Michigan State University commenced operations in May 2022 as a user facility for the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics. FRIB provides fast, stopped, and reaccelerated beams of rare isotopes for measurements, serving a 1,800-member-strong community of scientists from around the world. This article reviews some of the first results from FRIB, showcasing the breadth of the science discoveries that have already occurred while the facility is ramping up to full capability.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Upgrade of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium 用钆升级超级神冈机
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100424-024426
Yusuke Koshio, Masayuki Nakahata, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Mark R. Vagins
{"title":"Upgrade of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium","authors":"Yusuke Koshio, Masayuki Nakahata, Hiroyuki Sekiya, Mark R. Vagins","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100424-024426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100424-024426","url":null,"abstract":"The Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector was upgraded through the addition of gadolinium sulfate to its ultrapure water, initiating the SK-Gd program. This development enables efficient neutron tagging via the large capture cross section of gadolinium, greatly improving the identification of inverse β decay events, the primary channel for detecting the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). The upgrade also enhances sensitivity to Galactic and presupernova neutrinos as well as atmospheric neutrino interactions. To realize this capability, extensive work was performed, including the construction and operation of the EGADS (Evaluating Gadolinium's Action on Detector Systems) demonstrator, the refurbishment of the SK tank, the development of radiopure gadolinium production methods, and the validation of the loading and uniformity of gadolinium in solution. Early SK-Gd operation has demonstrated high neutron-tagging efficiency, reduced backgrounds, and world-leading limits on the DSNB flux. With these advances, the SK-Gd project is at the threshold of discovering the DSNB and opens a wide range of new opportunities in astrophysics and neutrino physics.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dark Matter Searches with Sodium Iodide Detectors 用碘化钠探测器搜索暗物质
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-112126
María Martinez, Reina H. Maruyama, María Luisa Sarsa
{"title":"Dark Matter Searches with Sodium Iodide Detectors","authors":"María Martinez, Reina H. Maruyama, María Luisa Sarsa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-112126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-112126","url":null,"abstract":"The search for the identity of dark matter remains one of the most intriguing challenges in physics today, driving innovative advances in experiment and theory. Thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI) detectors have played a pivotal role in this context. This review outlines the scientific landscape surrounding NaI detectors, emphasizing their role in the broader context of dark matter research. We begin with a brief description of characteristics that make these detectors well-suited for dark matter detection. We then provide a historical overview and explore results from the DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA experiments, which have reported annual modulation signals consistent with dark matter interactions—a signal that to date no other experiment has replicated. We discuss recent results from NaI-based experiments launched, in part, to resolve this tantalizing anomaly. We conclude with a summary of the status and prospects for current and future NaI-based dark matter searches.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water-Based Liquid Scintillator: Science Drivers and Technological Development 水基液体闪烁体：科学驱动与技术发展
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-105101
Minfang Yeh
{"title":"Water-Based Liquid Scintillator: Science Drivers and Technological Development","authors":"Minfang Yeh","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-105101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100324-105101","url":null,"abstract":"Water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is a hybrid detection medium that blends the scalability and directional information of water Cherenkov detectors with the enhanced light yield and low-energy sensitivity of organic liquid scintillators. This review synthesizes the chemistry and formulation of WbLS, its optical and temporal response, photodetector technologies that enable WbLS detection, and recent advances in prototypes and deployments. A survey of science drivers spanning neutrino oscillation physics, solar and supernova neutrinos, and nuclear nonproliferation monitoring is presented, and a staged road map toward multikiloton WbLS facilities is outlined. Particular emphasis is placed on Cherenkov–scintillation separation via spectral and topological techniques and on metal-loading strategies for neutron tagging and rare-event signatures. The review concludes with open challenges in stability, purification, and system integration and highlights opportunities for synergy with slow scintillators and segmented readouts.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Construction and Science of SURF SURF的构建与科学
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100724-024247
Jaret Heise
{"title":"Construction and Science of SURF","authors":"Jaret Heise","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100724-024247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100724-024247","url":null,"abstract":"The Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) began operation in 2007 as a facility dedicated to advancing compelling multidisciplinary scientific research. SURF is one of the deepest laboratory sites and offers the largest footprint in the world for scientific pursuits, including physics campuses on the 4,850-foot level where the LUX-ZEPLIN, <jats:sc>Majorana Demonstrator</jats:sc> , and CASPAR experiments are located. SURF is also home to the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF), which will host the international Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). SURF provides ultralow-background environments and has low-background assay capabilities, and electroformed copper is produced at the facility. This review discusses the history, features, and status of the facility as well as the current scientific program and future evolution and plans.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148552144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accelerator-Based Neutrino Beams 基于加速器的中微子束
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-100724-022358
Laura Fields, Sudeshna Ganguly
{"title":"Accelerator-Based Neutrino Beams","authors":"Laura Fields, Sudeshna Ganguly","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-100724-022358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-100724-022358","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past six decades, accelerator-based neutrino beams have revolutionized particle physics. Neutrinos created with accelerators have been used to discover muon and tau neutrinos and to confirm the existence of neutrino oscillations. More recently, long-baseline experiments have offered the first experimental hint of charge-parity ( <jats:italic>CP</jats:italic> ) violation in the neutrino sector. Building and operating such beams is an enormous technical challenge, yet they remain our most versatile tool for studying neutrinos. With new experiments such as DUNE (the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) and Hyper-Kamiokande, and ideas such as neutrino factories, the next generation of beams will address open questions about neutrino mass ordering, <jats:italic>CP</jats:italic> violation, and possible physics beyond the Standard Model.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148288048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dileptons at Colliders as Probes of the Quark–Gluon Plasma 对撞机中的双轻子作为夸克-胶子等离子体的探测器
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100858
R. Bailhache, H. Appelshäuser
{"title":"Dileptons at Colliders as Probes of the Quark–Gluon Plasma","authors":"R. Bailhache, H. Appelshäuser","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-121423-100858","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are used to create a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, the quark–gluon plasma (QGP), similar to the matter in the early Universe. Dileptons are a unique probe of the QGP. Being emitted during all stages of the collision without interacting strongly with the surrounding matter, they carry undistorted information about the medium evolution. The mass of the lepton–antilepton pair gives a unique means to separate partonic from hadronic radiation. Thus, dileptons can be used to study the QGP equilibration time, its average temperature, and effects related to the restoration of chiral symmetry in the hot medium via vector meson decays. This information is not accessible with hadrons. The price to pay is a large background from ordinary hadron decays. We summarize the potential of dilepton measurements, the results obtained so far at colliders, and the ongoing efforts regarding future experiments with further increased sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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